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$Unique_ID{COW03893}
$Pretitle{444}
$Title{United States of America
The Arts}
$Subtitle{}
$Author{United States Information Service}
$Affiliation{United States Government}
$Subject{states
million
programs
new
theater
years
workers
american
government
music}
$Date{1991}
$Log{}
Country: United States of America
Book: This is America
Author: United States Information Service
Affiliation: United States Government
Date: 1991
The Arts
In the past 20 years Americans across the country have shown increasing
interest in a variety of cultural events. Many big cities and university
towns have built arts center, and now hold annual arts festivals. Called
"the greatest performing-arts combine in the world," the Lincoln Center for
the Performing Arts in New York City, completed in 1969, houses the
Metropolitan Opera Company, the New York Philharmonic, the Juilliard School
of Music, a repertory theater and a library-museum.
Another major cultural complex is the John F. Kennedy Center for the
Performing Arts in Washington, D.C. Overlooking the Potomac River, this
marble-sheathed building houses three beautifully appointed theaters for
opera, dance, drama and music. It is also the home of the American Film
Institute, the National Symphony Orchestra, the Washington Opera and the
American National Theater.
Music
Music of all kinds is extremely popular in the United States. More than
$1,000 million is spent annually on operas, musicals, concerts and popular
music, and over $100 million on classical records. Radio stations broadcast
at least 15,000 hours of musical programs weekly. Operas, orchestral
performances, chamber music and jazz concerts are often presented on
television so that viewers in every part of the country can see closeup
performances formerly available only to those who lived in large cities and
could afford concert tickets. Amateur musicians, playing folksongs, jazz and
classical music, number in the millions.
There are 1,572 symphony orchestras in the United States-the city of
Los Angeles alone supports 20. The New York Philharmonic and the great
orchestras of Boston, Philadelphia, Cleveland, Chicago, Minnesota and
Washington, D.C., are known throughout the world. Annual attendance at
symphony concerts tops 22 million. Summer music festivals feature leading
orchestras, soloists and opera companies. Two of the best known festivals are
held at Tanglewood, Massachusetts, in the East, and at Aspen, Colorado, in
the West. Free outdoor public concerts are held during summer months in many
cities. There are numerous professional schools of music and music departments
in many universities. Outstanding performers developed by these schools include
pianists Van Cliburn, Eugene Istomin and Grant Johannesen, and violinist
Isaac Stern.
Veteran American composers who have made important contributions to
serious music include Aaron Copland, Virgil Thomson, Roger Sessions, John
Cage and Leonard Bernstein. Other important contemporary composers are
Milton Babbitt, William Schuman, Gian-Carlo Menotti, Elliott Carter,
Ulysses Kay, Gunther Schuller, David Del Tredici, Philip Glass and Steve
Reich.
Opera
There are 133 major opera companies in the United States. For more than
40 years the famous Metropolitan Opera Company in New York has broadcast a
performance every Saturday afternoon during the opera season, bringing music
of the highest quality to millions of American listeners and to a vast
audience abroad. Amateur groups bring opera productions to people living in
the smaller cities.
Musicals
The modern American theater has perfected an unusual art form: the
musical play. These "musicals" combine songs and dances in both traditional
and modern styles with stories of dramatic interest. Examples include "Porgy
and Bess," "Oklahoma!," "South Pacific," "My Fair Lady," "Hello, Dolly!,"
"Fiddler on the Roof" and "A Chorus Line." Well-known composers and lyricists
of musicals have included Irving Berlin, Jerome Kern, Richard Rogers and
Oscar Hammerstein, George and Ira Gershwin, Cole Porter, Frank Loesser,
Alan Jay Lerner, Frederick Loewe and Stephen Sondheim.
Dance
Audience response to traditional ballet and modern dance concerts has
increased enormously in the past 10 years. Now nearly every city has at
least one school for teaching ballet to children. A number of professional
ballet companies are well established-among them the New York City Ballet,
the American Ballet Theatre, the Alvin Ailey Dance Company, the Joffrey
Ballet, the Dance Theatre of Harlem and the San Francisco Ballet. Jerome
Robbins, the late George Balanchine, Martha Graham, Twyla Tharp, Paul
Taylor, Merce Cunningham and Eliot Feld, are among the well-known
choreographers of recent years. Star dancers include Suzanne Farrell,
Mikhail Baryshnikov, Judith Jamison, Fernando Bujones, Gelsey Kirkland and
Allegra Kent. A number of excellent American ballets have been created, and
classical French and Russian works continue to have great appeal. Nationwide
television programs help to make all forms of dance popular.
Literature
The Nobel Prize for literature has been awarded to eight Americans:
Sinclair Lewis, Eugene O'Neill, Pearl Buck, William Faulkner,
Ernest Hemingway, John Steinbeck, Saul Bellow and Isaac Bashevis Singer.
While the leading poets of midcentury-Robert Frost, William Carlos Williams,
Marianne Moore and Robert Lowell-have died, a new generation has taken their
place. Among the most influential of these poets are John Ashbery, Allen
Ginsburg, Galway Kinnell, W.S. Merwin, Gary Snyder, Adrienne Rich and James
Merrill. In recent years fiction writing, particularly short stories, has
flourished in the hands of such contemporary masters as John Updike, Norman
Mailer, Philip Roth, Eudora Welty and Bernard Malamud, as well as newly
recognized writers, William Kennedy, Alice Walker and Raymond Carver.
About 47,000 new books are published each year. Low-cost books in paper
covers make available some of the world's best literature to American readers.
Each day an average of nearly one million copies of all books, including
textbooks, are sold. Publishers are finding more readers for serious
works-biography, history, economics, philosophy, religion and science. More
than 10 million Americans belong to book clubs and receive books regularly
at reduced prices.
There are more than 32,000 libraries in the United States. Over
one-third are free public libraries, which lend about 500 million books a
year. Institutions of higher learning house nearly 5,000 libraries; Harvard
University has the largest of these. In addition, there are at least 1,600
medical libraries and another 1,565 governmental libraries. A copy of every
major book published in the United States goes to the government's Library
of Congress in Washington, D.C., which is the nation's largest.
Art and Sculpture
Many Americans study art for the sake of creative expression, and there
are several million amateur painters and sculptors; others are serious
artists who make art their life work. The nation has more than 500 art
schools.
Some of the best known painters of recent years are Georgia O'Keefe,
Robert Rauschenberg, Jasper Johns, Willem de Kooning, Helen Frankenthaler,
Frank Stella, Robert Motherwell, Andy Warhol and Andrew Wyeth, and a younger
group headed by Julian Schnabel, David Salle and Robert Longo. Well-known
sculptors include the late Alexander Calder and David Smith, Louise Nevelson,
George Segal, Isamu Noguchi, Mark di Suvero, and Robert Irwin. In architecture
the works of the late giants Buckminster Fuller, Edward Durrell Stone, Frank
Lloyd Wright, Eero Saarinen, are widely known, but contemporary architects
like I. M. Pei, Philip Johnson, Charles Moore, Kevin Roche, Michael Graves,
Robert Venturi and Richard Meier continue to turn out innovative design.
Nearly every city of any size has an art gallery or two and a museum.
Notable art museums include t