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$Unique_ID{COW03711}
$Pretitle{233O}
$Title{Trinidad and Tobago
Statistical Profile of Trinidad and Tobago}
$Subtitle{}
$Author{Central Intelligence Agency}
$Affiliation{United States Government}
$Subject{tobago
trinidad
rate
km
labor
billion
national
port-of-spain
}
$Date{1990}
$Log{National Anthem*74400010.aud
Map of Trinidad and Tobago*0371101.scf
Flag of Trinidad and Tobago*0371102.scf
}
Country: Trinidad and Tobago
Book: CIA World Factbook
Author: Central Intelligence Agency
Affiliation: United States Government
Date: 1990
[Hear National Anthem]
[See Map of Trinidad and Tobago]
[See Flag of Trinidad and Tobago]
Statistical Profile of Trinidad and Tobago
Geography
Total area: 5,130 km2; land area: 5,130 km2
Comparative area: slightly smaller than Delaware
Land boundaries: none
Coastline: 362 km
Maritime claims:
Continental shelf: 200 meters or to depth of exploitation
Exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm
Extended economic zone: 200 nm
Territorial sea: 12 nm
Climate: tropical; rainy season (June to December)
Terrain: mostly plains with some hills and low mountains
Natural resources: crude oil, natural gas, asphalt
Land use: 14% arable land; 17% permanent crops; 2% meadows and
pastures; 44% forest and woodland; 23% other; includes 4% irrigated
Environment: outside usual path of hurricanes and other tropical storms
Note: located 11 km from Venezuela
People
Population: 1,244,160 (July 1989), growth rate 2.0% (1989)
Birth rate: 27 births/1,000 population (1989)
Death rate: 6 deaths/1,000 population (1989)
Net migration rate: - 1 migrants/1,000 population (1989)
Infant mortality rate: 15 deaths/1,000 live births (1989)
Life expectancy at birth: 68 years male, 73 years female (1989)
Total fertility rate: 3.2 children born/woman (1989)
Nationality: noun--Trinidadian(s), Tobagonian(s); adjective--Trinidadian,
Tobagonian
Ethnic divisions: 43% black, 40% East Indian, 14% mixed, 1% white, 1%
Chinese, 1% other
Religion: 36.2% Roman Catholic, 23.0% Hindu, 13.1% Protestant, 6.0%
Muslim, 21.7% unknown
Language: English (official), Hindi, French, Spanish
Literacy: 98%
Labor force: 463,900; 18.1% construction and utilities;
14.8% manufacturing, mining, and quarrying; 10.9% agriculture; 47.9% other
services (1985 est.)
Organized labor: 24% of labor force (1986)
Government
Long-form name: Republic of Trinidad and Tobago
Type: parliamentary democracy
Capital: Port-of-Spain
Administrative divisions: 8 counties, 3 municipalities*, and 1 ward**;
Arima*, Caroni, Mayaro, Nariva, Port-of-Spain*, Saint Andrew, Saint David,
Saint George, Saint Patrick, San Fernando*, Tobago**, Victoria
Independence: 31 August 1962 (from UK)
Constitution: 31 August 1976
Legal system: based on English common law; judicial review of legislative
acts in the Supreme Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
National holiday: Independence Day, 31 August (1962)
Branches: bicameral legislature (36-member elected House of
Representatives and 31-member appointed Senate); executive is Cabinet led by the
prime minister; judiciary is headed by the chief justice and includes a Court of
Appeal, High Court, and lower courts
Leaders: Arthur Napoleon Raymond ROBINSON, Prime Minister
(since December 1986); Noor HASSANALI, President (since February 1987)
Suffrage: universal over age 18
Elections: elections to be held at intervals of not more than five years;
last election held 15 December 1986
Political parties and leaders: National Alliance for Reconstruction (NAR),
A. N. R. Robinson; People's National Movement (PNM), Patrick Manning
Voting strength: (1986 election) 62% of registered voters cast ballots;
House of Representatives--NAR 33 seats, PNM 3 seats
Communists: People's Popular Movement (PPM), Michael Als; February 18
Movement (F/18), James Millette
Other political pressure groups: National Joint Action Committee (NJAC),
radical antigovernment black-identity organization; Trinidad and Tobago Peace
Council, leftist organization affiliated with the World Peace Council; Trinidad
and Tobago Chamber of Industry and Commerce; Trinidad and Tobago Labor Congress,
moderate labor federation; Council of Progressive Trade Unions, radical labor
federation; Committee for Labor Solidarity, militant Marxist umbrella
group
Member of: CARICOM, CCC, Commonwealth, FAO, G-77, GATT, IADB, IBRD,
International Coffee Agreement, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IDB--Inter-American Development
Bank, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, ISO, ITU, IWC--International Wheat
Council, NAM, OAS, PAHO, SELA, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WTO
Diplomatic representation: Ambassador J. R. P. DUMAS; Chancery at
1708 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington DC 20036; telephone (202) 467-6490;
Trinidad and Tobago has a Consulate General in New York;
US--Ambassador Charles A. GARGANO; Embassy at 15 Queen's Park West,
Port-of-Spain (mailing address is P. O. Box 752, Port-of-Spain);
telephone [809] 622-6372 or 6376, 6176
Flag: red with a white-edged black diagonal band from the upper hoist side
Economy
Overview: Trinidad and Tobago's petroleum-based economy has been in
decline since 1982. During the first half of the 1980s, the petroleum sector
accounted for nearly 80% of export earnings, 40% of government revenues,
and almost 25% of GDP. In recent years, however, the economy has suffered
because of the sharp fall in the price of oil. The government, in response to
the revenue loss, pursued a series of austerity measures that pushed the
unemployment rate to 21.6% in 1987. Agriculture employs only about 10% of
the labor force and produces less than 3% of GDP. Since this sector is small, it
has been unable to absorb the large numbers of the unemployed.
GDP: $4.2 billion, per capita $3,550; real growth rate - 4.8% (1987)
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 10.7% (1987)
Unemployment rate: 21.6% (1987)
Budget: revenues $1.4 billion; expenditures $2.1 billion,
including capital expenditures of $430 million (1988 est.)
Exports: $1.4 billion (f.o.b., 1987); commodities--includes
reexports--petroleum and petroleum products 70%, fertilizer, chemicals
15%, steel products, sugar, cocoa, coffee, citrus (1987);
partners--US 61%, EC 15%, CARICOM 9%, Latin America 7%, Canada 3%
(1986)
Imports: $1.2 billion (c.i.f., 1987); commodities--raw materials
41%, capital goods 30%, consumer goods 29% (1986);
partners--US 42%, EC 21%, Japan 10%, Canada 6%, Latin America 6%,
CARICOM 4% (1986)
External debt: $2.02 billion (December 1987)
Industrial production: growth rate 5.2%, excluding oil refining (1986)
Electricity: 1,176,000 kW capacity; 3,312 million kWh produced,
2,720 kWh per capita (1988)
Industries: petroleum, chemicals, tourism, food processing, cement,
beverage, cotton textiles
Agriculture: sugar, cocoa, coffee, rice, citrus, bananas; largely
dependent upon imports of food
Aid: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-85), $370 million; Western
(non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-86), $410 million
Currency: Trinidad and Tobago dollar (plural--dollars);
1 Trinidad and Tobago dollar (TT$) = 100 cents
Exchange rates: Trinidad and Tobago dollars (TT$) per US$1--4.2500
(January 1989), 3.8438 (1988), 3.6000 (1987), 3.6000 (1986), 2.4500 (1985)
Fiscal year: calendar year
Communications
Railroads: minimal agricultural system near San Fernando
Highways: 8,000 km total; 4,000 km paved, 1,000 km improved earth, 3,000
km unimproved earth
Pipelines: 1,032 km crude oil; 19 km refined products; 904 km natural gas
Ports: Port-of-Spain, Point Lisas, Pointe-a-Pierre
Civil air: 14 major transport aircraft
Airports: 6 total, 5 usable; 3 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with
runways 2,440-3,659 m; 3 with runways 1,220-2,439 m
Telecommunications: excellent international service via tropospheric
scatter links to Barbados and Guyana; good local service; 109,000 telephones;
stations--2 AM, 4 FM, 5 TV; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite stat