Countries of the World/COUNTRYS.BIN/dp/0363/03633.txt

Text File | 1991-06-25 | 22KB | 401 lines

$Unique_ID{COW03633}
$Pretitle{262}
$Title{Tanzania
Front Matter}
$Subtitle{}
$Author{Irving Kaplan}
$Affiliation{HQ, Department of the Army}
$Subject{zanzibar
tanzania
country
miles
african
kilometers
national
government
language
united}
$Date{1978}
$Log{Global Map*0363301.scf
Figure 1.*0363302.scf
}
Country:     Tanzania
Book:        Tanzania, A Country Study
Author:      Irving Kaplan
Affiliation: HQ, Department of the Army
Date:        1978

Front Matter

Foreword

     This volume is one in a continuing series of books now being prepared by
the Federal Research Division of the Library of Congress under the Country
Studies-Area Handbook Program. This book, however, is a reprint of a book
written by members of the research staff of Foreign Area Studies, The American
University. The last page of this book lists the other published studies.

     Most books in the series deal with a particular foreign country,
describing and analyzing its political, economic, social, and national
security systems and institutions, and the interrelationships of those systems
and the ways they are shaped by cultural factors. Each study is written by a
multidisciplinary team of social scientists. The authors seek to provide a
basic understanding of the observed society, striving for a dynamic rather
than a static portrayal. Particular attention is devoted to the people who
make up the society, their origins, dominant beliefs and values, their common
interests and the issues on which they are divided, the nature and extent of
their involvement with national institutions, and their attitudes toward each
other and toward their social system and political order.

     The books represent the analysis of the authors and should not be
construed as an expression of an official United States government position,
policy, or decision. The authors have sought to adhere to accepted standards
of scholarly objectivity. Corrections, additions, and suggestions for changes
from readers will be welcomed for use in future editions.

Chief
Federal Research Division
Library of Congress
Washington, D.C. 20540

Acknowledgments

     The authors wish to express their gratitude to members of the Foreign
Area Studies staff who contributed directly to the preparation of the
manuscript. These persons include Frederica M. Bunge, who, in her capacity as
assistant director for research, reviewed all the textual material; Sheila L.
Ross, who edited the manuscript; and Harriett R. Blood, who prepared the
graphics. The team appreciates as well the assistance provided by Gilda V.
Nimer, Librarian, and Ernest Will, Publications Manager.

     Special thanks are owed to S. Martin DePass who produced the cover design
and chapter illustrations for this book and to Michael T. Graham, of The
American University Department of Art, under whose direction it was done. The
inclusion of photographs in this study was made possible by the generosity of
various individuals and public and private agencies. We acknowledge our
indebtedness especially to those persons who contributed original work not
previously published.

Preface

     The present study supersedes the Area Handbook for Tanzania, which was
researched and written in 1968 by a team composed of Sidney A. Harrison,
Howard J. John, Susan MacKnight, and Barbara Skapa, under the chairmanship of
Allison Butler Herrick. The present study incorporates some of the material in
the 1968 book but is a substantial revision, and most chapters were totally
rewritten.

     When research and writing for the 1968 Area Handbook for Tanzania were
completed in January of that year Tanzania had only recently embarked on a new
course expressly seeking to establish a socialist economy and society. It had
also begun to be deeply involved in the leadership of and support for
liberation movements in central and southern Africa. Ten years later it seemed
desirable and feasible to look at the extent to which its internal and
external goals had been realized. This study is a result of that decision.

     This study is based on a variety of published and unpublished sources,
primary and secondary. A few gaps in information were filled or ambiguities
clarified through direct consultation with individuals having firsthand
knowledge of Tanzania. The gaps that remain, resulting problems of analysis,
and differences of interpretation have been noted in the text. Where
available books and articles provide amplification of detail and
interpretation of the matter presented in a given chapter, its author has
noted them in a paragraph at the end of the chapter. Full references to these
and other sources are to be found in the Bibliography.

     It should be noted that Tanzania's domestic experimentation and foreign
affairs activism have aroused the interest of large numbers of scholarly and
other observers, resulting in a massive flow of description and
interpretation, often differing in emphasis and sometimes in conflict. Time
has not permitted examination of all available sources, but an effort has been
made to sample the range of interpretation.

     The authors have tried to limit the use of foreign and technical terms.
These are briefly defined where they first appear in any chapter or reference
is made to the Glossary, included in an appendix for the reader's convenience.
Swahili is Tanzania's official language, and certain Swahili terms and phrases
appear regularly in English-language sources. Where a simple translation is
not feasible (for example, the word ujamaa), the Swahili is used.

     Most ethnic, language, and place-names in Tanzania originate in Bantu
languages and are therefore characterized by class prefixes that vary with the
language: thus, in the language of the Haya, the people are Bahaya, their land
Buhaya, and their language Luhaya. In Swahili (strictly, Kiswahili) the same
people are Wahaya, the land, Uhaya, and the language, Kihaya. Bantu-class
prefixes have been omitted except where they are embedded in international
geographic terminology and are found in the publications of the United States
Board on Geographic Names to which usage in this study conforms.

     In the text all measurements are given in the metric system and are
followed by their American equivalents. In tables such equivalents are given
in footnotes.

Country Profile

[See Global Map: Map of Tanzania on the globe.]

Country

     Formal Name: United Republic of Tanzania.

     Short Form: Tanzania.

     Term for Nationals: Tanzanians. Residents of Zanzibar are Zanzibaris.

     Preindependence Political Status: Tanganyika, a United Nations Trust
Territory under British trusteeship, was granted internal self-government in
May 1961 and achieved independence on December 9, 1961. Zanzibar, a British
protectorate, was granted independence on December 10, 1963. After a
revolution in Zanzibar in January 1964, the United Republic of Tanganyika and
Zanzibar was established on April 26, 1964 (April 26, Union Day, is the
national holiday); in October the name was changed to that now used.

     Capital: Since October 1974 the official capital has been Dodoma, but the
shift of government from Dar es Salaam, the former capital, may not be
completed until 1990. Zanzibar town is the capital of Zanzibar.

Geography

     Size: Total area 931,082 square kilometers (363,708 square miles)
including 3,100 square kilometers (1,200 square miles) for offshore islands of
Zanzibar, Pemba, and Mafia, 20,650 square kilometers (nearly 8,000 square
miles) of inland bodies of water.

     Topography: Coastal lowlands average sixteen to sixty kilometers (ten to
forty miles) in depth in the north and south but are much deeper in the
center, especially around the Rufiji River Valley. Most of the country lies on
the East African plateau, 900 to 1,800 meters (3,000 to nearly 6,000 feet)
high bordered east and west by two branches of the Great Rift Valley.
Mountains to 2,750 meters (9,000 feet) border the country in the southwest and
also constitute