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$Unique_ID{COW03501}
$Pretitle{441}
$Title{Sweden
Chapter 2. Fundemental Rights and Freedoms}
$Subtitle{}
$Author{The Swedish Riksdag}
$Affiliation{Swedish Institute}
$Subject{freedom
article
art
paragraph
public
law
first
information
referred
riksdag}
$Date{1989}
$Log{}
Country: Sweden
Book: The Constitution of Sweden 1989 The Swedish Riksdaf
Author: The Swedish Riksdag
Affiliation: Swedish Institute
Date: 1989
Chapter 2. Fundemental Rights and Freedoms
Art. 1. All citizens shall be guaranteed the following in their relations
with the public administration:
1. freedom of expression: the freedom to communicate information and to
express ideas, opinions and emotions, whether orally, in writing, in pictorial
representations, or in any other way;
2. freedom of information: the freedom to obtain and receive information
and otherwise acquaint oneself with the utterances of others;
3. freedom of assembly: the freedom to organise or attend any meeting for
information purposes or for the expression of opinions or for any other
similar purpose or for the purpose of presenting artistic work;
4. freedom to demonstrate: the freedom to organise or take part in any
demonstration in a public place;
5. freedom of association: the freedom to unite with others for public or
private purposes; and
6. freedom of worship: the freedom to practise one's own religion either
alone or in company with others.
In the case of the freedom of the press the provisions of the Freedom of
the Press Act shall apply. That act also contains provisions concerning the
right of access to public documents.
Art. 2. All citizens shall be protected in their relations with the
public administration against all coercion to divulge an opinion in any
political, religious, cultural or other similar connection. They shall
furthermore be protected in their relations with the public administration
against all coercion to participate in any meeting for the formation of
opinion or in any demonstration or other expression of opinion or to belong to
any political association, religious congregation or other association for
opinions of the nature referred to in the first sentence.
Art. 3. No record about a citizen in a public register may be based
without his consent solely on his political opinions.
Citizens shall be protected to the extent determined in detail by law
against any infringement of their personal integrity resulting from the
registration of information about them by means of electronic data processing.
Art. 4. There shall be no capital punishment.
Art. 5. All citizens shall be protected against corporal punishment. All
citizens shall likewise be protected against torture or any medical influence
or intervention for the purpose of extorting or surpressing statements.
Art. 6. All citizens shall be protected in their relations with the
public administration against any physical violation also in cases other than
those referred to in Articles 4 and 5. Citizens shall likewise be protected
against physical search, house searches or other similar encroachments and
against examination of mail or other confidential correspondence and against
eavesdropping, telephone-tapping or recording of other confidential
communications.
Art. 7. No citizen may be deported or refused entry to Sweden.
No citizen who is resident in Sweden or who has been resident in Sweden
may be deprived of his citizenship unless he becomes at the same time a
national of another state, at his express consent or because he has taken
employment in the public service. It may however be prescribed that children
under the age of eighteen shall have the same nationality as their parents or
of one of their parents. It may furthermore be prescribed that, in pursuance
of an agreement with a foreign state, a person who has been a national also of
the other state from birth, and who is permanently resident there, shall
forfeit his Swedish nationality at or after the age of eighteen.
Art. 8. All citizens shall be protected against deprivation of liberty in
their relations with the public administration. They shall also in other
respect be guaranteed freedom of movement within the Realm and freedom to
depart Sweden.
Art. 9. Where a public authority other than a court has deprived a
citizen of his liberty for committing a criminal offence or because he is
suspected of having committed such an offence, he shall be entitled to have
the matter tested before a court of law without undue delay. This shall not,
however, apply where the issue concerns the transference to Sweden of
responsibility for executing a penal sanction involving deprivation of liberty
which has been imposed in another state.
If, for reasons other than those referred to in the first paragraph, a
citizen has been forcibly taken into custody, he shall likewise be entitled to
have the matter tested before a court of law without undue delay. In such a
case, examination before a tribunal shall be equated with examination before a
court of law, provided that the composition of the tribunal is governed by
rules of law and it is laid down that the chairman of the tribunal must be
currently, or shall have been previously, a permanent judge.
If an examination under the first or second paragraph has not been
referred to an authority which is competent according to the provisions laid
down therein, the examination shall be carried out by a court of general
jurisdiction.
Art. 10. No penalty or other penal sanction may be imposed in respect of
an act which was not subject to any penal sanction at the time it was
committed. Neither may a more severe penal sanction be imposed than that which
was prescribed when the act was committed. The provisions thus laid down with
respect to penal sanctions apply likewise with respect to confiscation or any
other special legal effects attaching to criminal offences.
No State taxes, charges, or fees may be levied except insofar as they
were laid down in provisions which were in force when the circumstance arose
which occasioned the liability for the tax, charge, or fee. Should the Riksdag
find that specific reasons so warrant, it may be provided under an Act of law
that State taxes, charges, or fees shall be levied even although no such act
had entered into force when the aforementioned circumstance occurred, provided
that the Government or a Committee of the Riksdag had submitted a proposal to
this effect to the Riksdag at the time concerned. For the purposes of the
foregoing provision, any written communication from the Government to the
Riksdag announcing that a proposal of this nature will be forthcoming shall be
equated with a formal proposal. The Riksdag may furthermore prescribe that
exceptions shall be made from the provisions of the first sentence if it
considers that this is warranted by specific reasons connected with war, the
danger of war, or severe economic crisis.
Art. 11. No court may be set up to try an offence already committed, or
for a particular dispute or otherwise for a particular case.
Proceedings in the courts shall be open to the public.
Art. 12. The rights and freedoms referred to in Article 1, sub-paragraphs
1-5, in Articles 6 and 8, and in Article 11, second paragraph, may be
restricted by law to the extent provided for in Articles 13-16. After
authorisation in law, they may be restricted by statutory order in the cases
referred to in Chapter 8, Article 7, first paragraph, sub-paragraph 7, and in
Chapter 8, Article 10. Freedom of assembly and the freedom to demonstrate may
similarly be restricted also in the cases referred to in Article 14, first
paragraph, second sentence.
The restrictions referred to in the preceding paragraph may be imposed
only to achieve a purpose acceptable in a democratic society. The restriction
may never exceed what is necessary having regard to the purpose whi