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$Unique_ID{COW03410}
$Pretitle{227}
$Title{Sudan
Statistical Profile of Sudan}
$Subtitle{}
$Author{Central Intelligence Agency}
$Affiliation{United States Government}
$Subject{km
rate
sudan
sudanese
est
fy88
total
april
billion
islamic}
$Date{1990}
$Log{National Anthem*72500010.aud
Map of Sudan*0341001.scf
Flag of Sudan*0341002.scf
}
Country: Sudan
Book: CIA World Factbook
Author: Central Intelligence Agency
Affiliation: United States Government
Date: 1990
[Hear National Anthem]
[See Map of Sudan]
[See Flag of Sudan]
Statistical Profile of Sudan
Geography
Total area: 2,505,810 km2; land area: 2,376,000 km2
Comparative area: slightly more than one quarter the size of US
Land boundaries: 7,697 km total; Central African Republic 1,165 km,
Chad 1,360 km, Egypt 1,273 km, Ethiopia 2,221 km, Kenya 232 km, Libya 383 km,
Uganda 435 km, Zaire 628 km
Coastline: 853 km
Maritime claims:
Contiguous zone: 18 nm
Continental shelf: 200 meters or to depth of exploitation
Territorial sea: 12 nm
Disputes: international boundary and Administrative Boundary with Kenya;
international boundary and Administrative Boundary with Egypt
Climate: tropical in south; arid desert in north; rainy season
(April to October)
Terrain: generally flat, featureless plain; mountains in east and west
Natural resources: modest reserves of crude oil, iron ore,
copper, chromium ore, zinc, tungsten, mica, silver, crude oil
Land use: 5% arable land; NEGL% permanent crops; 24% meadows and pastures;
20% forest and woodland; 51% other; includes 1% irrigated
Environment: dominated by the Nile and its tributaries; dust storms;
desertification
Note: largest country in Africa
People
Population: 24,476,290 (July 1989), growth rate 2.7% (1989)
Birth rate: 44 births/1,000 population (1989)
Death rate: 14 deaths/1,000 population (1989)
Net migration rate: - 3 migrants/1,000 population (1989)
Infant mortality rate: 98 deaths/1,000 live births (1989)
Life expectancy at birth: 51 years male, 55 years female (1989)
Total fertility rate: 6.5 children born/woman (1989)
Nationality: noun--Sudanese (sing. and pl.); adjective--Sudanese
Ethnic divisions: 52% black, 39% Arab, 6% Beja, 2% foreigners, 1% other
Religion: 70% Sunni Muslim in north, 20% indigenous beliefs, 5% Christian
(mostly in south)
Language: Arabic (official), Nubian, Ta Bedawie, diverse dialects of
Nilotic, Nilo-Hamitic, and Sudanic languages, English; program of Arabization in
process
Literacy: 31% (1986)
Labor force: 6,500,000; 80% agriculture, 10% industry and commerce,
6% government; labor shortages for almost all categories of skilled employment
(1983 est.); 52% of population of working age (1985)
Organized labor: Sudan Workers' Trade Unions Federation (SWTUF)
Government
Long-form name: Republic of the Sudan
Type: republic
Capital: Khartoum
Administrative divisions: 9 regions (aqalim, singular--iqlim);
Aali an Nil, Al Awsat, Al Istiwai, Al Khartum,
Ash Shamali, Ash Sharqi, Bahr al Ghazal, Darfur, Kurdufan
Independence: 1 January 1956 (from Egypt and UK; formerly Anglo-Egyptian
Sudan)
Constitution: 12 April 1973, suspended following coup of 6 April 1985;
interim constitution 10 October 1985
Legal system: based on English common law and Islamic law; in September
1983 President Nimeiri declared the penal code would conform to Islamic law;
however, alternatives to these laws are under review by the Constituent
Assembly; some separate religious courts; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction,
with reservations
National holiday: Independence Day, 1 January (1956)
Branches: Supreme Council and Civilian Cabinet; regional military
governors
Leaders: Ahmad al-MIRGHANI, Chairman, Supreme Council (since
May 1986); Sadiq Siddiq al-MAHDI, Prime Minister (since May 1986)
Suffrage: universal adult
Elections: election held in April 1986; selected representation
to a Constituent Assembly that was to draft a new constitution in one year
and thereafter serve as a parliament for three years
Political parties and leaders: following coup in April 1985, more than
30 different political parties declared; most significant include the Umma
Party (Ansar Muslim Sect), the Democratic Unionist Party (Khatmiyyah Muslim
Sect), the rightist Islamic fundamentalist National Islamic Front (Muslim
Brotherhood), the Sudanese Communist Party, and the Bath Party; major southern
parties include the Sudan African Congress and the Southern Sudanese Political
Association
Member of: AfDB, APC, Arab League, CCC, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO,
IDA, IDB--Islamic Development Bank, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT,
INTERPOL, ITU, NAM, OAU, OIC, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Diplomatic representation: Ambassador Hasan Al-Amin BASHIR; Chancery at
2210 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington DC 20008; telephone (202) 338-8565
through 8570; there is a Sudanese Consulate General in New York;
US--Ambassador G. Norman ANDERSON; Embassy at Shar'ia Ali Abdul Latif,
Khartoum (mailing address is P. O. Box 699, Khartoum, or APO New York 09668);
telephone 74700 or 75680, 74611
Flag: three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and black with
a green isosceles triangle based on the hoist side
Economy
Overview: The economy is dominated by governmental entities that
contribute more than 70% to new investment. The private sector's main
areas of activity are agriculture and trading, with most private industrial
investment predating 1980. The economy's base is agriculture, which employs
nearly 80% of the work force. Industry mainly processes agricultural items.
A high foreign debt and arrearages of about $13 billion continue to cause
difficulties. Since 1979 the International Monetary Fund has provided assistance
and has forced Sudan to make economic reforms aimed at improving the performance
of the economy.
GNP: $8.5 billion, per capita $340 (FY87); real growth rate 6.0%
(FY88 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 55% (FY88)
Unemployment rate: NA
Budget: revenues $867 million; expenditures $1.5 billion,
including capital expenditures of $331 million (FY88 est.)
Exports: $502 million (f.o.b., FY88 est.); commodities--cotton 44%,
sesame, gum arabic, peanuts; partners--Western Europe 36%,
Saudi Arabia 20%, Eastern Europe 10%, Japan 5%, US 5%
Imports: $1.3 billion (c.i.f., FY88 est.); commodities--petroleum
products, manufactured goods, machinery and equipment, medicines and chemicals;
partners--Western Europe 38%, US 14%, Africa and Asia 12%,
Eastern Europe 3%
External debt: $8.6 billion (December 1988 est.)
Industrial production: growth rate 3.6% (FY88)
Electricity: 606,000 kW capacity; 1,259 million kWh produced,
50 kWh per capita (1988)
Industries: cotton ginning, textiles, cement, edible oils, sugar,
soap distilling, shoes, petroleum refining
Agriculture: cotton, sorghum, millet, wheat, sesame, peanuts, beans,
barley, gum arabic; not self-sufficient in food production
Aid: NA
Currency: Sudanese pound (plural--pounds);
1 Sudanese pound (LSd) = 100 piasters
Exchange rates: official rate--Sudanese pounds (LSd) per
US$1--4.5005 (fixed rate since 1987), 2.8121 (1987), 2.5000 (1986),
2.2883 (1985); commercial exchange rate--set daily, 12.1 (February 1989)
Fiscal year: 1 July-30 June
Communications
Railroads: 5,500 km total; 4,784 km 1.067-meter gauge, 716 km
1.6096-meter-gauge plantation line
Highways: 20,000 km total; 2,000 km bituminous treated, 4,000 km gravel,
2,304 km improved earth; remainder unimproved earth and track
Inland waterways: 5,310 km navigable
Pipelines: refined products, 815 km
Ports: Port Sudan, Suakin
Merchant marine: 10 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 91,107
GRT/122,222 DWT; includes 8 cargo, 2 roll-on/roll-off cargo
Civil air: 14 major transport aircraft
Airports: 79 total, 69 usable; 8 with permanent-surface runways; 4 with
runways 2,440-3,659 m; 31 with runways 1,220-2,439 m
Telecommunications: large, well-equipped system