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$Unique_ID{COW03173}
$Pretitle{384}
$Title{Singapore
Chapter 3A. Government}
$Subtitle{}
$Author{Ministry of Communications and Information}
$Affiliation{Embassy of Singapore, Washington DC}
$Subject{court
parliament
minister
courts
members
president
years
council
high
jurisdiction}
$Date{1990}
$Log{Night Skyline*0317301.scf
Dan Quale Wonders Where He Is*0317302.scf
}
Country: Singapore
Book: Singapore, Facts and Pictures 1990
Author: Ministry of Communications and Information
Affiliation: Embassy of Singapore, Washington DC
Date: 1990
Chapter 3A. Government
[See Night Skyline: Courtesy Embassy of Singapore, Washington DC.]
[See Dan Quale Wonders Where He Is: Courtesy Embassy of Singapore, Washington
DC.]
Parliament
Parliament is unicameral. The life of a Parliament is five years,
starting from the date of its first sitting. Parliament can be dissolved
earlier and a general election must be held within three months of a
dissolution.
Every citizen 21 years of age or over is, subject to certain
qualifications, eligible for election to Parliament. Voting in an election is
compulsory.
The seventh Parliament, constituted by the September 3, 1988 general
election, consists of 82 members. Forty-two members are from single-member
constituencies, 39 from 13 group representation constituencies and one is a
non-constituency member. Four out of the 81 elected members are women.
The first session of the seventh Parliament was opened by President Wee
Kim Wee on January 9, 1989.
Sittings of Parliament are presided over by the Speaker who is elected by
Parliament from among its own members who are neither ministers nor
parliamentary secretaries or from among persons who are not Members of
Parliament but who are qualified for election as Members of Parliament. The
present Speaker is an elected Member of Parliament. The Constitution also
provides for two Deputy Speakers who are elected by Parliament in the same
manner as the Speaker.
Parliament meets periodically but there are no scheduled dates of
sittings. The conduct of parliamentary business is governed by rules of
procedure which are adapted from those of the House of Commons at Westminster.
Members may speak in Malay, Mandarin, Tamil or English in debates and
simultaneous interpretation is provided. Parliament sittings are open to the
public.
The privileges, immunities and powers of Parliament and of the Speaker,
Members and Committees are defined in the Parliament (Privileges, Immunities
and Powers) Act.
Administration of Justice
The judicial power in Singapore is vested in the Supreme Court and in the
Subordinate Courts. The Judiciary administers the law independently of the
Executive, and this independence is safeguarded by the Constitution of the
Republic of Singapore.
The Supreme Court consists of the High Court, the Court of Appeal, and
the Court of Criminal Appeal. The Chief Justice and the other judges of the
Supreme Court are appointed by the President, acting on the advice of the
Prime Minister. Before tendering his advice as to the appointment of a judge,
other than the Chief Justice, the Prime Minister shall consult the Chief
Justice. There are nine judges (inclusive of the Chief Justice) in the Supreme
Court.
Under a 1979 constitutional amendment, the position of Judicial
Commissioner was created "to facilitate the disposal of business in the
Supreme Court". A Judicial Commissioner has the powers and functions of a
judge of the Supreme Court, and is appointed for such period as the President
thinks fit. There are now three Judicial Commissioners.
The Supreme Court also has a Registrar, four Senior Assistant Registrars
and five Assistant Registrars, who perform both administrative and judicial
functions.
The Subordinate Courts consist of District Courts, Magistrates' Courts,
Juvenile Courts, Coroner's Courts and, the Small Claims Tribunals. District
Judges, Magistrates, Coroners and Small Claims Referees are appointed by the
President on the recommendation of the Chief Justice. The Subordinate Courts
also have a Registrar and Deputy Registrars.
District Courts and Magistrates' Courts have original criminal and civil
jurisdiction.
District Courts try offences for which the maximum term of imprisonment
does not exceed ten years. In civil cases, they have jurisdiction where the
amount claimed does not exceed $50,000.
Magistrates' Courts try offences for which the maximum term of
imprisonment does not exceed three years. They also inquire into offences with
a view to committal for trial by the High Court. The process is called a
preliminary inquiry. The jurisdiction of Magistrates' Courts in civil cases
is $10,000.
The Juvenile Court deals with offences alleged to have been committed by
"children" or by "young persons". A "child" is a person under the age of 14
years, and a "young person" is one who is 14 years of age or upwards but under
the age of 16 years.
The Coroner's Court holds inquiries into the circumstances of death where
there is reason to suspect that death occurred in a sudden or unnatural manner
of by violence, or where the manner in which death occurred is unknown.
The Small Claims Tribunal has jurisdiction to hear and determine any
claim relating to a dispute arising from any contract for the sale of goods or
the provision of services. The jurisdiction of the tribunal does not extend to
claims which exceed $2,000.
The High Court has unlimited original jurisdiction in both criminal and
civil cases. All criminal cases involving capital punishment must be tried by
the High Court.
There is an avenue of appeal to a High Court Judge in Chambers from any
judgment or decision of the Registrar, Supreme Court. In its appellate
jurisdiction, the High Court also hears criminal and civil appeals from the
District Courts and the Magistrates' Courts. In addition, the High Court has
general supervisory and revisionary jurisdiction over the Subordinate Courts.
The Court of Appeal hears appeals from any judgment or order of the High
Court in any civil matter, whether made in the exercise of its original or its
appellate jurisdiction.
The Court of Criminal Appeal hears appeals from decisions made by the
High Court in the exercise of its original criminal jurisdiction. It also
determines questions of law reserved for its decision by the High Court.
Appeals from the Court of Appeal and the Court of Criminal Appeal lie to
the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council, which is the final appellate
court of Singapore although the proceedings are conducted in the United
Kingdom.
The Executive
The President of the Republic of Singapore is elected by Parliament for
a term of four years. The first President Yusof bin Ishak, who was elected to
the office of Yang di-Pertuan Negara (Head of State) on December 3, 1959, died
on November 23, 1970. Dr. Benjamin Henry Sheares, sworn in as President on
January 2, 1971, died during his third term of office, on May 12, 1981. Mr
Chengara Veetil Devan Nair assumed office as President on October 24, 1981. He
resigned on March 28, 1985. Mr Wee Kim Wee was sworn in as President on
September 2, 1985.
The President appoints as Prime Minister the Member of Parliament who
commands the confidence of the majority of the Members of Parliament. On the
advice of the Prime Minister, the President appoints other ministers from
among the Members of Parliament to form a Cabinet.
The Cabinet is responsible collectively to Parliament and comprises
the Prime Minister and 12 ministers.
The Cabinet
(At January 1, 1990)
Prime Minister
Lee Kuan Yew
First Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for Defence
Goh Chok Tong
Second Deputy Prime Minister
Ong Teng Cheong
Minister for National Development
S Dhanabalan
Minister for Education
Dr Tony Tan Keng Yam
Minister for the Environment
Dr Ahmad Mattar
Minister for Co