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$Unique_ID{COW03159}
$Pretitle{384}
$Title{Singapore
Statistical Profile of Singapore}
$Subtitle{}
$Author{Central Intelligence Agency}
$Affiliation{United States Government}
$Subject{singapore
rate
billion
est
malaysia
economy
growth
national
party
prime}
$Date{1990}
$Log{National Anthem*71500010.aud
Map of Singapore*0315901.scf
Flag of Singapore*0315902.scf
}
Country: Singapore
Book: CIA World Factbook
Author: Central Intelligence Agency
Affiliation: United States Government
Date: 1990
[Hear National Anthem]
[See Map of Singapore]
[See Flag of Singapore]
Statistical Profile of Singapore
Geography
Total area: 632.6 km2; land area: 622.6 km2
Comparative area: slightly less than 3.5 times the size of Washington, DC
Land boundaries: none
Coastline: 193 km
Maritime claims:
Exclusive fishing zone: not specific;
Territorial sea: 3 nm
Climate: tropical; hot, humid, rainy; no pronounced rainy or dry seasons;
thunderstorms occur on 40% of all days (67% of days in April)
Terrain: lowland; gently undulating central plateau contains water catchment
area and nature preserve
Natural resources: fish, deepwater ports
Land use: 4% arable land; 7% permanent crops; 0% meadows and pastures; 5%
forest and woodland; 84% other
Environment: mostly urban and industrialized
Note: focal point for Southeast Asian sea routes
People
Population: 2,720,915 (July 1990), growth rate 1.3% (1990)
Birth rate: 18 births/1,000 population (1990)
Death rate: 5 deaths/1,000 population (1990)
Net migration rate: 0 migrants/1,000 population (1990)
Infant mortality rate: 8 deaths/1,000 live births (1990)
Life expectancy at birth: 72 years male, 77 years female (1990)
Total fertility rate: 2.0 children born/woman (1990)
Nationality: noun--Singaporean(s), adjective--Singapore
Ethnic divisions: 76.4% Chinese, 14.9% Malay, 6.4% Indian, 2.3% other
Religion: majority of Chinese are Buddhists or atheists; Malays nearly all
Muslim (minorities include Christians, Hindus, Sikhs, Taoists, Confucianists)
Language: Chinese, Malay, Tamil, and English (official); Malay (national)
Literacy: 86.8% (1987)
Labor force: 1,280,000; 34.4% industry, 1.2% agriculture, 61.7% services
(1988)
Organized labor: 211,200; 16.5% of labor force (1988)
Government
Long-form name: Republic of Singapore
Type: republic within Commonwealth
Capital: Singapore
Administrative divisions: none
Independence: 9 August 1965 (from Malaysia)
Constitution: 3 June 1959, amended 1965; based on preindependence State of
Singapore Constitution
Legal system: based on English common law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ
jurisdiction
National holiday: National Day, 9 August (1965)
Executive branch: president, prime minister, two deputy prime ministers,
Cabinet
Legislative branch: unicameral Parliament
Judicial branch: Supreme Court
Leaders: Chief of State--President WEE Kim Wee (since 3 September 1985);
Head of Government--Prime Minister LEE Kuan Yew (since 5 June 1959); First
Deputy Prime Minister GOH Chok Tong (since 2 January 1985); Second Deputy
Prime Minister ONG Teng Cheong (since 2 January 1985)
Political parties and leaders: government--People's Action Party (PAP), Lee
Kuan Yew; opposition--Workers' Party (WP), J. B. Jeyaretnam; Singapore
Democratic Party (SDP), Chiam See Tong; National Solidarity Party (NSP), Soon
Kia Seng; United People's Front (UPF), Harbans Singh; Barisan Sosialis (BS);
Communist party illegal
Suffrage: universal and compulsory at age 20
Elections: President--last held 31 August 1989 (next to be held NA August
1993); results--President Wee Kim Wee was reelected by Parliament without
opposition;
Parliament--last held 3 September 1988 (next to be held NA September 1993);
results--PAP 61.8%, WP 18.4%, SDP 11.5%, NSP 3.7%, UPF 1.3%, others 3.3%;
seats--(81 total) PAP 80, SDP 1; note--BS has 1 nonvoting seat
Communists: 200-500; Barisan Sosialis infiltrated by Communists
Member of: ADB, ANRPC, ASEAN, CCC, Colombo Plan, Commonwealth, ESCAP, G-77,
GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IPU, ISO,
ITU, NAM, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO, WTO
Diplomatic representation: Ambassador Tommy KOH Tong Bee; Chancery at 1824 R
Street NW, Washington DC 20009; telephone (202) 667-7555; US--Ambassador
Robert D. ORR; Embassy at 30 Hill Street, Singapore 0617 (mailing address is
FPO San Francisco 96699); telephone (65) 338-0251
Flag: two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and white; near the hoist side
of the red band, there is a vertical, white crescent (closed portion is toward
the hoist side) partially enclosing five white five-pointed stars arranged in
a circle
Economy
Overview: Singapore has an open entrepreneurial economy with strong service
and manufacturing sectors and excellent international trading links derived
from its entrepot history. During the 1970s and early 1980s, the economy
expanded rapidly, achieving an average annual growth rate of 9%. Per capita
GDP is among the highest in Asia. In 1985 the economy registered its first
drop in 20 years and achieved less than a 2% increase in 1986. Recovery was
strong. Estimates for 1989 suggest a 9.2% growth rate based on rising demand
for Singapore's products in OECD countries, a strong Japanese yen, and
improved competitiveness of domestic manufactures.
GDP: $27.5 billion, per capita $10,300; real growth rate 9.2% (1989 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 3.5% (1989 est.)
Unemployment rate: 2% (1989 est.)
Budget: revenues $6.6 billion; expenditures $5.9 billion, including capital
expenditures of $2.2 billion (FY88)
Exports: $46 billion (f.o.b., 1989 est.); commodities--includes transshipments
to Malaysia--petroleum products, rubber, electronics, manufactured goods;
partners--US 24%, Malaysia 14%, Japan 9%, Thailand 6%, Hong Kong 5%, Australia
3%, FRG 3%
Imports: $53 billion (c.i.f., 1989 est.); commodities--includes transshipments
from Malaysia--capital equipment, petroleum, chemicals, manufactured goods,
foodstuffs; partners--Japan 22%, US 16%, Malaysia 15%, EC 12%, Kuwait 1%
External debt: $5.2 billion (December 1988)
Industrial production: growth rate 9% (1989 est.)
Electricity: 4,000,000 kW capacity; 12,000 million kWh produced, 4,490 kWh per
capita (1989)
Industries: petroleum refining, electronics, oil drilling equipment, rubber
processing and rubber products, processed food and beverages, ship repair,
entrepot trade, financial services, biotechnology
Agriculture: occupies a position of minor importance in the economy;
self-sufficient in poultry and eggs; must import much of other food; major
crops--rubber, copra, fruit, vegetables
Aid: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-83), $590 million; Western (non-US)
countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-87), $882 million
Currency: Singapore dollar (plural--dollars); 1 Singapore dollar (S$) = 100
cents
Exchange rates: Singapore dollars per US $1--1.8895 (January 1990), 1.9503
(1989), 2.0124 (1988), 2.1060 (1987), 2.1774 (1986), 2.2002 (1985)
Fiscal year: 1 April-31 March
Communications
Railroads: 38 km of 1.000-meter gauge
Highways: 2,597 km total (1984)
Ports: Singapore
Merchant marine: 407 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 7,286,824 GRT/
11,921,610 DWT; includes 126 cargo, 52 container, 5 roll-on/roll-off cargo, 11
refrigerated cargo, 13 vehicle carrier, 1 livestock carrier, 103 petroleum,
oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker, 5 chemical tanker, 4 combination ore/oil, 1
specialized tanker, 15 liquefied gas, 68 bulk, 3 combination bulk; note--many
Singapore flag ships are foreign owned
Civil air: 38 major transport aircraft (est.)
Airports: 6 total, 6 usable; 6 with permanent-surface runways; 2 with runways
over 3,659 m; 2 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 1 with runways 1,220-2,439 m
Telecommunications: good domestic facilities; good international service; good
radio and television broadcast coverage; 1,110,000 telephones; stations--13
AM, 4 FM, 2 T