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$Unique_ID{COW03059}
$Pretitle{438}
$Title{Sao Tome and Principe
Statistical Profile of Sao Tome and Principe}
$Subtitle{}
$Author{Central Intelligence Agency}
$Affiliation{United States Government}
$Subject{sao
tome
rate
million
principe
cocoa
na
population
government
national}
$Date{1990}
$Log{National Anthem*71000010.aud
Map of Sao Tome and Principe*0305901.scf
Flag of Sao Tome and Principe*0305902.scf
}
Country: Sao Tome and Principe
Book: CIA World Factbook
Author: Central Intelligence Agency
Affiliation: United States Government
Date: 1990
[Hear National Anthem]
[See Map of Sao Tome and Principe]
[See Flag of Sao Tome and Principe]
Statistical Profile of Sao Tome and Principe
Geography
Total area: 960 km2; land area: 960 km2
Comparative area: slightly less than 5.5 times the size of Washington, DC
Land boundaries: none
Coastline: 209 km
Maritime claims: (measured from claimed archipelagic baselines)
Extended economic zone: 200 nm
Territorial sea: 12 nm
Climate: tropical; hot, humid; one rainy season (October to May)
Terrain: volcanic, mountainous
Natural resources: fish
Land use: 1% arable land; 20% permanent crops; 1% meadows and pastures;
75% forest and woodland; 3% other
Environment: deforestation; soil erosion
Note: located south of Nigeria and west of Gabon at the Equator
in the North Atlantic Ocean
People
Population: 120,993 (July 1989), growth rate 3.0% (1989)
Birth rate: 38 births/1,000 population (1989)
Death rate: 7 deaths/1,000 population (1989)
Net migration rate: 0 migrants/1,000 population (1989)
Infant mortality rate: 51 deaths/1,000 live births (1989)
Life expectancy at birth: 66 years male, 70 years female (1989)
Total fertility rate: 5.4 children born/woman (1989)
Nationality: noun--Sao Tomean(s); adjective--Sao Tomean
Ethnic divisions: mestico, angolares (descendents of Angolan slaves),
forros (descendents of freed slaves), servicais (contract laborers from Angola,
Mozambique, and Cape Verde), tongas (children oE servicais born on the islands),
and Europeans (primarily Portuguese)
Religion: Roman Catholic, Evangelical Protestant, Seventh-Day Adventist
Language: Portuguese (official)
Literacy: 50% (est.)
Labor force: 21,096 (1981); most of population engaged in subsistence
agriculture and fishing; labor shortages on plantations and of skilled workers;
56% of population of working age (1983)
Organized labor: NA
Government
Long-form name: Democratic Republic of Sao Tome and Principe
Type: republic
Capital: Sao Tome
Administrative divisions: 2 districts (concelhos, singular--concelho);
Principe, Sao Tome
Independence: 12 July 1975 (from Portugal)
Constitution: 5 November 1975, approved 15 December 1982
Legal system: based on Portuguese law system and customary law; has not
accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
National holiday: Independence Day, 12 July (1975)
Branches: president heads the government assisted by a Cabinet of
ministers; unicameral legislature (40-member National People's Assembly),
elected for five years
Leader: Dr. Manuel Pinto da COSTA, President (since 1975);
Celestino Rocha da COSTA, Prime Minister (since 1988)
Suffrage: universal for age 18 and over
Elections: President da Costa reelected by National People's Assembly
in May 1980 and September 1985; National People's Assembly and People's District
Assemblies elections last held in 1985
Political parties and leaders: Movement for the Liberation of Sao Tome and
Principe (MLSTP) Marxist-Lennist Party, Manuel Pinto da Costa
Member of: AfDB, FAO, G-77, GATT (de facto), IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, IFC,
ILO, IMF, ITU, NAM, OAU, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO
Diplomatic representation: Ambassador Joaquim Rafael BRANCO; Chancery
(temporary) at 801 Second Avenue, Suite 1504, New York, NY 10017;
telephone (212) 697-4211;
US--the US Ambassador in Gabon is accredited to Sao Tome and Principe
on a nonresident basis and makes periodic visits to the islands
Flag: three horizontal bands of green (top), yellow (double width), and
green with two black five-pointed stars placed side by side in the center of the
yellow band and a red isosceles triangle based on the hoist side; uses the
popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia
Economy
Overview: The economy has remained dependent on cocoa since gaining
independence nearly 15 years ago. Since then, however, cocoa production has
gradually deteriorated because of drought and mismanagement, so that by 1987
output had fallen to less than 50% of its former levels. As a result, a shortage
of cocoa for export has created a serious balance-of-payments problem.
Production of less important crops, such as coffee, copra, and palm kernels, has
also declined. In 1987 the value of imports exceeded that of exports by a ratio
of 4 to 1. The emphasis on cocoa production at the expense of other food crops
has meant that Sao Tome has to import 90% of food needs. It also has to import
all fuels and most manufactured goods. In 1987 Sao Tome was unable to service
its external debt, which amounted to 78% of export earnings. Considerable
potential exists for development of a tourist industry, and the government has
taken steps to expand facilities in recent years. The government has also
implemented a Five-Year Plan covering 1986-90 to restructure the economy and
reschedule external debt service payments in cooperation with the International
Development Association and Western lenders.
GDP: $37.9 million, per capita $340; real growth rate 1.8% (1986)
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 4.2% (1986)
Unemployment rate: NA%
Budget: revenues $19.2 million; expenditures $25.1 million,
including capital expenditures of $19.9 million (1987)
Exports: $9.8 million (f.o.b., 1987 est.); commodities--cocoa 90%,
copra, coffee, palm oil; partners--NA
Imports: $2.6 million (c.i.f., 1987 est.); commodities--machinery
and electrical equipment 59%, food products 32%, fuels 9%;
partners--Portugal, US, FRG, GDR
External debt: $72 million (1985)
Industrial production: growth rate 7.1% (1986)
Electricity: 6,000 kW capacity; 7 million kWh produced,
60 kWh per capita (1988)
Industries: light construction, shirts, soap, beer, fisheries,
shrimp processing
Agriculture: cocoa, copra, coconuts, coffee, palm oil, bananas
Aid: NA
Currency: dobra (plural--dobras); 1 dobra (Db) = 100 centimos
Exchange rates: dobras (Db) per US$1--35.408 (July 1987),
NA (1987), 36.993 (1986), 41.195 (1985)
Fiscal year: calendar year
Communications
Highways: 300 km (two-thirds are paved); roads on Principe are mostly
unpaved and in need of repair
Ports: Sao Tome, Santo Antonio
Civil air: 7 major transport aircraft
Airports: 2 total, 2 usable; 2 with permanent-surface runways
1,220-2,439 m
Telecommunications: minimal system; 2,200 telephones; stations--1 AM,
2 FM, no TV; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite ground station
Defense Forces
Branches: Army, Navy
Military manpower: males 15-49, 26,707; 14,072 fit for military service
Military budget: NA