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$Title{Table A.: Chronology of Important Events}
____________________________________________________________________________________________
Periods and Dates Events
____________________________________________________________________________________________
Piast Period Piast Dynasty founded (ca. 850). Duke Mieszko converted
ca. 850-1370 to Roman Catholicism (966). Archiepiscopal see
established at Gniezno (1000). Boleslaw the Brave
assumed title of king (1025). Poland divided among
appanage princes (1138-1338). Teutonic Knights installed
in Mazovia (1226). Tatar invasion countered at
Battle of Legnica (1241). Peak of German colonization
(ca. 1250 to ca. 1350). Reunification of Poland under
Kazimierz III (1338). University of Krakow founded
(1364). Death of Kazimierz III the Great and end of
Piast Dynasty (1370). Personal union with Hungary during
reign of Louis of Anjou (1370-82); concessions
granted to Polish nobility.
Jagiellonian Dynasty Grand Duke Jagiello of Lithuania married Jadwiga of
1386-1572 Poland (1386); personal union between Poland and
Lithuania. Teutonic Knights defeated at Battle of Grunwald
(1410). Statutes of Nieszawa (1454) admitted nobility
to full share in government. Legislation enacted
requiring tenants to work on landlord's estates (1520);
turning point in process of enserfment of peasantry.
Publication of Copernicus' treatise on heliocentric universe
(1543). Union of Lublin (1569) established formal
unification of Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
Jagiellonian Dynasty became extinct at death of Zygmunt
II August (1572).
The Royal Republic Henry of Valois first elective king of Poland; religious
1573-1795 toleration guaranteed (1573). Reign of Stefan Batory
(1575-86).
Vasa Dynasty Zygmunt Vasa of Sweden elected to Polish throne
1587-1668 (1587). Polish candidate put on throne of Muscovy
(1609). Cossack wars (1648-67) Muscovite intervention.
Swedish-Polish War (1655-60).
Jan Sobieski Jan Sobieski lifted Turkish siege of Vienna (1683).
1674-96
Saxon Period August II (elector of Saxony) elected king with Russian
1697-1764 support (1697); period of anarchy and decay. Great
Northern War (1700-21); Poland occupied by Swedes
and Russians. War of the Polish Succession (1733-35).
Reign of Stanislaw Stanislaw Poniatowski elected king through intervention
Poniatowski of Catherine II of Russia (1764). Confederation of
1764-95 Bar (1768-72). First partition of Poland (1772). Adoption
of May Constitution (1791). Confederation of Targowica
and war with Russia (1792). Second partition (1793).
National rising led by Tadeusz Koscuiszko (1794). Third
partition (1795); elimination of Poland as sovereign
state.
Poland Under Foreign Rule Polish provinces incorporated by partitioning powers:
1795-1918 Russia, Prussia, and Austria. Polish Legion formed in
Italy under Napoleon; Polish national anthem composed
by legionnaire (1797). Duchy of Warsaw created
by Napoleon (1807); Polish army took part in invasion
of Russia (1812). Congress of Vienna (1814-15) reconfirmed
partition of Poland; Kingdom of Poland (Congress
Poland) established in personal union with Russia.
Insurrection in Congress Poland (1830-31); autonomy
suspended. Republic of Krakow abolished (1846). Revolutionary
ferment in Polish lands (1848-49). Armed rising
in Russian Poland; emancipation of Polish peasantry
by tsar (1863-64). Galicia granted autonomy within
Austro-Hungarian Empire (1867). Kulturkampf initiated
in Prussian Poland (1872). Kingdom of Poland
abolished (1874); territory became Russian province.
Polish Socialist Party organized in exile (1892). Revolutionary
upheaval in Russian Poland (1905).
World War I Outbreak of hostilities (August 1914). Poles engaged
1914-18 on both sides in war between partitioning powers.
Russian forces driven from Poland (1915). Polish "kingdom"
proclaimed under protection of Germany and
Austria-Hungary (November 1916). Provisional Russian
government recognized Poland's right to independence
(March 1917); Polish National Committee relocated
in Paris. Woodrow Wilson enunciated Fourteen Points
(January 1918); promise of Polish reunification and
independence. Armistice (November 11, 1918).
Independent Poland Poland proclaimed independent republic (November
1918-45 11, 1918), Jozef Pilsudski named provisional president.
A communist party formed in Poland (December 1918).
Polish delegates signed Treaty of Versailles (June 28,
1919); Poland recognized by Allies as "associated
power." Russo-Polish War (1919-21); Soviets defeated at
Battle of Warsaw (August 1920); Treaty of Riga (March
1921). Plebiscite in Upper Silesia (March 1921). Democratic
constitution adopted (March 1921); Pilsudski resigned;
defensive alliance with France. Economic crisis;
institution of zloty (1924). Pilsudski's coup d'etat (May
1926); authoritarian regime introduced. Nonaggression
pact with Soviet Union (1932). Nonaggression pact with
Germany (1934). New constitution introduced presidential
system (March 1935). Death of Pilsudski (May
1935). Munich Crisis (September 1938); Poles occupied
Cieszyn. Stalin dissolved Communist Party of Poland
(official name adopted 1925) in 1938. Anglo-Polish mutual
assistance treaty (April 1939); Hitler renounced nonaggression
pact with Poland. Hitler-Stalin pact (August
23, 1939).
World War II Germany invaded Poland (September 1, 1939); Soviet
1939-45 Union attacked Poland (September 17, 1939); Poland
divided and occupied. Polish government-in-exile set
up in Paris (Oc