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$Unique_ID{COW02720}
$Pretitle{385C}
$Title{Oman
Statistical Profile of Oman}
$Subtitle{}
$Author{Central Intelligence Agency}
$Affiliation{United States Government}
$Subject{rate
km
billion
oman
est
oil
natural
none
population
total}
$Date{1990}
$Log{National Anthem*68100010.aud
Map of Oman*0272001.scf
Flag of Oman*0272002.scf
}
Country: Oman
Book: CIA World Factbook
Author: Central Intelligence Agency
Affiliation: United States Government
Date: 1990
[Hear National Anthem]
[See Map of Oman]
[See Flag of Oman]
Statistical Profile of Oman
Geography
Total area: 212,460 km2; land area: 212,460 km2
Comparative area: slightly smaller than Kansas
Land boundaries: 1,374 km total; Saudi Arabia 676 km, UAE 410 km,
PDRY 288 km
Coastline: 2,092 km
Maritime claims:
Continental shelf: 200 meters or to depth of exploitation
Extended economic zone: 200 nm
Territorial sea: 12 nm
Disputes: Administrative Line with PDRY; no defined boundary with most of
UAE, Administrative Line in far north; no defined boundary with Saudi Arabia
Climate: dry desert; hot, humid along coast; hot, dry interior; strong
southwest summer monsoon (May to September) in far south
Terrain: vast central desert plain, rugged mountains in north and south
Natural resources: crude oil, copper, asbestos, some marble, limestone,
chromium, gypsum, natural gas
Land use: NEGL% arable land; NEGL% permanent crops; 5% meadows and
pastures; 0% forest and woodland; 95% other; includes NEGL% irrigated
Environment: summer winds often raise large sandstorms and duststorms
in interior; sparse natural freshwater resources
Note: strategic location with small foothold on Musandam
Peninsula controlling Strait of Hormuz (17% of world's oil production
transits this point going from Persian Gulf to Arabian Sea)
People
Population: 1,304,882 (July 1989), growth rate 3.1% (1989)
Birth rate: 43 births/1,000 population (1989)
Death rate: 12 deaths/1,000 population (1989)
Net migration rate: 0 migrants/1,000 population (1989)
Infant mortality rate: 107 deaths/1,000 live births (1989)
Life expectancy at birth: 55 years male, 58 years female (1989)
Total fertility rate: 6.5 children born/woman (1989)
Nationality: noun--Omani(s); adjective--Omani
Ethnic divisions: almost entirely Arab, with small Baluchi, Zanzibari, and
Indian groups
Religion: 75% Ibadhi Muslim; remainder Sunni Muslim, Shia Muslim, some
Hindu
Language: Arabic (official); English, Baluchi, Urdu, Indian dialects
Literacy: 20%
Labor force: 430,000; 60% agriculture (est.); 58% are non-Omani
Organized labor: trade unions are illegal
Government
Long-form name: Sultanate of Oman
Type: absolute monarchy; independent, with residual UK influence
Capital: Muscat
Administrative divisions: none
Independence: 1650, expulsion of the Portuguese
Constitution: none
Legal system: based on English common law and Islamic law; ultimate
appeal to the sultan; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Branches: executive--sultan, who appoints 45-member State Consultative
Assembly to advise him; judicial--traditional Islamic judges and a nascent
civil court system
National holiday: National Day, 18 November
Leader: QABOOS bin Said, Sultan and Prime Minister (since July 1970)
Suffrage: none
Elections: none
Political parties: none
Other political or pressure groups: outlawed Popular Front for the
Liberation of Oman (PFLO), based in South Yemen; small, clandestine Shia
fundamentalist groups are active
Member of: Arab League, FAO, G-77, GCC, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB--Islamic
Development Bank, IFAD, IFC, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, ITU, NAM, OIC, UN,
UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO
Diplomatic representation: Ambassador Awadh Bader AL-SHANFARI; Chancery at
2342 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington DC 20008; telephone (202) 387-1980
through 1982;
US--Ambassador G. Cranwell MONTGOMERY; Embassy at address NA, Muscat
(mailing address is P. O. Box 966, Muscat); telephone 738-231 or 738-006
Flag: three horizontal bands of white (top, double width), red, and green
(double width) with a broad, vertical, red band on the hoist side; the national
emblem (a khanjar dagger in its sheath superimposed on two crossed swords
in scabbards) in white is centered at the top of the vertical band
Economy
Overview: Economic performance is closely tied to the fortunes of the oil
industry. Petroleum accounts for nearly all export earnings, about 70% of
government revenues, and more than 50% of GDP. Oman has proved oil reserves of
four billion barrels, equivalent to about 20 years' supply at the current
rate of extraction. Although agriculture employs a majority of the population,
urban centers depend on imported food.
GDP: $7.5 billion, per capita $6,110; real growth rate 3.6% (1987 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 10.0% (1987 est.)
Unemployment rate: NA%
Budget: revenues $3.1 billion; expenditures $4.2 billion,
including capital expenditures of $1.0 billion (1989 est.)
Exports: $3.6 billion (f.o.b., 1988 est.);
commodities--petroleum, reexports, processed copper, dates, nuts, fish;
partners--Japan, South Korea, Thailand
Imports: $1.9 billion (f.o.b., 1988 est.); commodities
--machinery, transportation equipment, manufactured goods, food,
livestock, lubricants; partners--Japan, UAE, UK, FRG, US
External debt: $3.5 billion (December 1988)
Industrial production: growth rate 5.0% (1986)
Electricity: 1,130,000 kW capacity; 3,591 million kWh produced,
2,840 kWh per capita (1988)
Industries: crude oil production and refining, natural gas production,
construction, cement, copper
Agriculture: based on subsistence farming (fruits, dates, cereals,
cattle, camels), fishing; not self-sufficient in food
Aid: NA
Currency: Omani rial (plural--rials); 1 Omani rial (RO) = 1,000 baiza
Exchange rates: Omani rials (RO) per US$1--0.3845 (fixed rate since 1986)
Fiscal year: calendar year
Communications
Highways: 22,800 km total; 3,800 km bituminous surface, 19,000 km
motorable track
Pipelines: crude oil 1,300 km; natural gas 1,030 km
Ports: Mina Qabus, Mina Raysut
Civil air: 27 major transport aircraft, including multinationally owned
Gulf Air Fleet
Airports: 126 total, 114 usable; 6 with permanent-surface runways;
1 with runways over 3,659 m; 6 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 56 with runways
1,220-2,439 m
Telecommunications: fair system of open-wire, radio relay, and radio
communications stations; 50,000 telephones; stations--3 AM, 3 FM, 11 TV;
satellite stations--8 domestic, 1 Indian Ocean INTELSAT, 1 ARABSAT
Defense Forces
Branches: Army, Navy, Air Force, Royal Oman Police
Military manpower: males 15-49, 305,858; 173,966 fit for military service
Military budget: $1.385 billion, 33% of central government budget (FY88)