Countries of the World/COUNTRYS.BIN/dp/0267/02678.txt

Text File | 1991-06-25 | 13KB | 259 lines

$Unique_ID{COW02678}
$Pretitle{281}
$Title{North Korea
Glossary}
$Subtitle{}
$Author{Stephan B. Wickman}
$Affiliation{HQ, Department of the Army}
$Subject{korean
north
party
work
korea
plan
cooperative
early
method
team}
$Date{1981}
$Log{}
Country:     North Korea
Book:        North Korea, A Country Study
Author:      Stephan B. Wickman
Affiliation: HQ, Department of the Army
Date:        1981

Glossary

     agricultural collectivization-The process of forming cooperative farms,
called "cooperativization" in North Korean parlance. Korean cooperative farms
might more correctly be called "collectives," as they are owned collectively
by the members of the cooperative. This is different from "cooperative"
ownership, in which individuals of families retain ownership of a share of the
land or capital equipment and receive rents in addition to a share of
production. The North Koreans seem to use the term "cooperative" to
distinguish this type of collective ownership from state ownership, e.g.,
state farm, the ultimate form of collectivization.

     cadre-The term for responsible party, government, and economic
functionaries; also used for key officials in the educational, cultural, and
scientific fields.

     chikhwalsi-Literally, a special city. Administered as a provincial-level
entity and placed under direct central control. There are four special cities:
P'yongyang, Ch'ongjin, Kaesong, and Namp'o.

     China Proper-Long used to mean essentially China within the Great Wall,
with its eighteen historic provinces. Divisible into two major and sharply
contrasting regions, North China and South China. The dependencies on the
north and west-Manchuria, Mongolia, Tibet, and Sinkiang or Chinese
Turkestan-were known as Outer China.

     chip-Literally, the household, i.e., family members under one roof. The
term k'unchip (big house) refers to the main family of the eldest son; the
term chagunchip (little house) refers to the branch family households of the
younger sons.

     Choch'ongryon-Abbreviation for Chae Ilbon Choson In Ch'ong Yonhaphoe,
literally, General Association of Korean Residents in Japan. A pro-North
Korean organization headquartered in Tokyo, which claims to represent the
interests of Japan's Korean residents and serves as an important political and
information organ for P'yongyang in the outside world. Known as Chosoren in
Japanese.

     chokpo-The genealogical record of traditional Korea, compiled by the
lineage, or p'a (q.v.).

     Ch'ollima Work Team Movement-Intensive mass campaign to increase economic
production inaugurated in 1959; began as Ch'ollima Movement (Ch'ollima
Undong), named after the legendary Chinese Flying Horse said to have galloped
a phenomenal distance in a single day. Peasants and factory workers were
exhorted to excel in the manner of Ch'ollima riders, and exemplary individuals
and work teams were awarded special Ch'ollima titles. Movement continued at a
less intensive pace until 1973, when the Three Revolution Team Movement
superseded it.

     chongbo-Korean unit of land area measurement. One chongbo equals about
2.45 acres or .99 hectares.

     Ch'ongsan-ni Method-A personalized, "on-the-spot" management method or
spirit reputedly developed by Kim Il Sung in February 1960 during a visit to
the Ch'ongsan-ni Cooperative Farm in South P'yongan Province. Also spelled
Ch'ongsan-ri. The method has three main components: party and government
functionaries must eschew their bureaucratic tendency of only issuing orders
and directives; they must mingle with the farmers and uncover and solve their
problems through comradely guidance; and they should give solid technological
guidance to spur efficient and productive achievement.

     ch'onmin-The "despised people" or pariah class of traditional Korea,
which included butchers, slaves, jailers, and Buddhist monks and nuns.

     Chosoren-See Choch'ongryon.

     chuch'e-Abbreviation for chuch'e sasang (the ideology of self-reliance),
popularized since 1955 as an official guideline for independence in politics
and foreign policy, economic self-reliance, and self-reliant national defense.

     chuch'e sasang-See chuch'e.

     chung'in-Literally, central men or middle people. A small class of
technical or administrative officials in traditional Korea below the yangban
(q.v.), so named because many of them lived in the central district of Seoul.

     development plans-North Korea has had eight economic development plans:
One-Year Plan, 1947; One-Year Plan, 1948; Two-Year Plan, 1949-50, all of which
formed the "peaceful construction period"; Three-Year Plan (1954-56), which
formed the "postwar reconstruction period"; Five-Year Plan (1957-61, completed
in 1960); First Seven-Year Plan (1961-67, extended to 1970); Six-Year Plan
(1971-76); and Second Seven-Year Plan (1978-84). (The government declared 1960
and 1977 to be "buffer" years, and 1977 did not fit into any plan framework.

     fiscal year (FY)-Corresponds to calendar year. Draft budget is completed
in November, subject to revision through March, and final version announced
in April.

     Five Relationships (o ryun)-The Confucian concept of ideal social
relationships, formulated by classical Chinese philosophers such as Mencius
(372-289 B.C.), which states that there should be affection between father and
son, righteousness between ruler and minister, attention to their separate
functions between husband and wife, proper order between old and young, and
faithfulness between friends.

     gross national product (GNP)-The value at market prices of all final
goods and services produced during a given year. Not comparable to North
Korean estimations of gross agricultural and industrial output (q.v.), which
employ different definitions and methods from those used in the market
economies.

     gross agricultural and industrial output-The sum of the gross
agricultural product and the gross industrial product, defined as the total
monetary value of goods produced and technical services rendered by
agriculture and by industry, respectively. This method of calculation, as
compared to the calculation of GNP in market economies, involves a
significant amount of double counting, i.e., treating intermediate goods and
services as if they were final products. This overestimation is
counteracted by the inappropriate valuation of many industrial commodities,
which may be worth more than the official price, and by the exclusion of many
valuable services. In general, agricultural product is less problematic than
the industrial product, as there is less interdependence with other
industries than in the latter.

     han'gul-The Korean phonetic writing system, developed by scholars in
the court of King Sejong in the fifteenth century, which is used either by
itself or in conjunction with Chinese characters.

     juche-The North Korean romanization of chuch'e (q.v.).

     kun or gun-County. Administrative subdivision of a province or special
city under direct central authority. As of early 1981 there were 152 counties.

     kuyok-A district or ward of a large city (only in P'yongyang, Hamhung,
and Ch'ongjin). As of April 1979 there were thirty-six urban districts.

     "mass line"-A basic party principle aimed at uniting the masses of the
people with the Party by raising the level of their revolutionary ethusiasm
and wisdom and by reeducating them ideologically in accordance with chuch'e
(q.v.).

     namdo-South. Part of the designation of several provinces, i.e.,
P'yongan-namdo.

     nodongjaku-A residential district or settlement created for factory
workers and their families. There were 228 workers' districts in early 1981.

     o ryun-See Five Relationships.

     p'a-Lineage. A kinship unit consisting of all the descendants of a common
male ancestor, who in many cases was the founder of a village. Some p'a
contain thousands of households (chip, q.v.), and members conduct ceremonials
at the common ancestral gravesite. In traditional Korea most of the