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$Unique_ID{COW02433}
$Pretitle{276}
$Title{Mongolia
Statistical Profile of Mongolia}
$Subtitle{}
$Author{Central Intelligence Agency}
$Affiliation{United States Government}
$Subject{rate
km
na
people's
mongolia
population
billion
est
mongolian
total}
$Date{1990}
$Log{National Anthem*66300010.aud
Map of Mongolia*0243301.scf
Flag of Mongolia*0243302.scf
}
Country: Mongolia
Book: CIA World Factbook
Author: Central Intelligence Agency
Affiliation: United States Government
Date: 1990
[Hear National Anthem]
[See Map of Mongolia]
[See Flag of Mongolia]
Statistical Profile of Mongolia
Geography
Total area: 1,565,000 km2; land area: 1,565,000 km2
Comparative area: slightly larger than Alaska
Land boundaries: 8,114 km total; China 4,673 km, USSR 3,441 km
Coastline: none--landlocked
Maritime claims: none--landlocked
Climate: desert; continental (large daily and seasonal temperature
ranges)
Terrain: vast semidesert and desert plains; mountains in west and
southwest; Gobi Desert in southeast
Natural resources: coal, copper, molybdenum, tungsten, phosphates, tin,
nickel, zinc, wolfram, fluorspar, gold
Land use: 1% arable land; 0% permanent crops; 79% meadows and
pastures; 10% forest and woodland; 10% other; includes NEGL% irrigated
Environment: harsh and rugged
Note: landlocked; strategic location between China and Soviet Union
People
Population: 2,125,463 (July 1989), growth rate 2.7% (1989)
Birth rate: 35 births/1,000 population (1989)
Death rate: 8 deaths/1,000 population (1989)
Net migration rate: 0 migrants/1,000 population (1989)
Infant mortality rate: 49 deaths/1,000 live births (1989)
Life expectancy at birth: 63 years male, 67 years female (1989)
Total fertility rate: 4.7 children born/woman (1989)
Nationality: noun--Mongolian(s); adjective--Mongolian
Ethnic divisions: 90% Mongol, 4% Kazakh, 2% Chinese, 2% Russian, 2% other
Religion: predominantly Tibetan Buddhist, about 4% Muslim, limited
religious activity because of Communist regime
Language: Khalkha Mongol used by over 90% of population; minor languages
include Turkic, Russian, and Chinese
Literacy: 80% (est.); 100% claimed (1985)
Labor force: NA, but primarily agricultural; over half the adult
population is in the labor force, including a large percentage of women;
shortage of skilled labor
Organized labor: 425,000 members of the Central Council of Mongolian Trade
Unions (CCMTU) controlled by the government (1984)
Government
Long-form name: Mongolian People's Republic; abbreviated MPR
Type: Communist state
Capital: Ulaanbaatar
Administrative divisions: 18 provinces (aymguud, singular--aymag) and
3 municipalities* (hotuud, singular--hot); Arhangay, Bayanhongor, Bayan-Olgiy,
Bulgan, Darhan*, Dornod, Dornogovi, Dundgovi, Dzavhan, Erdenet*,
Govi-Altay, Hentiy, Hovd, Hovsgol, Omnogovi, Ovorhangay,
Selenge, Suhbaatar, Tov, Ulaanbaatar*, Uvs
Independence: 13 March 1921 (from China; formerly Outer Mongolia)
Constitution: 6 July 1960
Legal system: blend of Russian, Chinese, and Turkish systems of law;
no constitutional provision for judicial review of legislative acts; has not
accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
National holiday: People's Revolution Day, 11 July (1921)
Branches: executive--Council of Ministers; legislative--unicameral
People's Great Hural; judicial--court system; Supreme Court elected by People's
Great Hural
Leaders: Chief of State Head of Government Jambyn BATMONH,
Chairman of the Presidium of
the
People's Great Hural (since December 1984); Dumaagiyn SODNOM, Chairman of the
Council of Ministers (since December 1984)
Suffrage: universal at age 18 and over
Elections: legislative election theoretically held every four years;
last election held June 1986
Political party and leader: Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (MPRP),
Jambyn Batmonh, General Secretary (since August 1984)
Communists: MPRP membership 88,150 (1986 est.)
Member of: CEMA, ESCAP, FAO, IAEA, ILO, IPU, ITU, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU,
WHO, WIPO, WMO
Diplomatic representation: the US established diplomatic relations
with Mongolia on 27 January 1987;
US--Charge d'Affaires Steven MANN; c/o American Embassy, Beijing,
China; telephone 29095
Flag: three equal, vertical bands of red (hoist side), blue, and red;
centered on the hoist-side red band in yellow is a five-pointed star above the
national emblem (soyombo--a columnar arrangement of abstract and
geometric representations for fire, sun, moon, earth, water, and the yin-yang
symbol)
Economy
Overview: Economic activity has been traditionally based on agriculture
and the breeding of livestock--Mongolia has the highest number of livestock
per person in the world. In recent years extensive mineral resources have been
developed with Soviet support. The mining and processing of coal, copper,
molybdenum, tin, tungsten, and gold account for a large part of industrial
production.
GDP: $1.7 billion, per capita $880 (1985 est.); real growth rate 3.6%
(1976-85 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices): NA%
Unemployment rate: NA%
Budget: revenues $2.2 billion; expenditures $2.19 billion, including
capital expenditures of $0.9 billion (1987 est.)
Exports: $388 million (f.o.b., 1985); commodities--livestock, animal
products, wool, hides, fluorspar, nonferrous metals, minerals;
partners--nearly all trade with Communist countries (about 80% with USSR)
Imports: $1.0 billion (c.i.f., 1985); commodities--machinery and
equipment, fuels, food products, industrial consumer goods, chemicals, building
materials, sugar, tea;
partners--nearly all trade with Communist countries (about 80% with USSR)
External debt: $NA
Industrial production: growth rate 10.9% (1985)
Electricity: 657,000 kW capacity; 2,950 million kWh produced,
1,430 kWh per capita (1988)
Industries: processing of animal products, building materials, food and
beverage, mining (particularly coal)
Agriculture: livestock raising predominates; wheat, oats, barley
Aid: NA, but heavily dependent on USSR
Currency: tughrik (plural--tughriks); 1 tughrik (Tug) = 100 mongos
Exchange rates: tughriks (Tug) per US$1--2.830 (September 1987),
NA (1987), 3.000 (1986), 3.600 (1985)
Fiscal year: calendar year
Communications
Railroads: 1,750 km 1.524-meter broad gauge (1986)
Highways: 46,700 km total; 1,000 km hard surface; 45,700 km other surfaces
(1986)
Inland waterways: 397 km of principal routes (1986)
Civil air: 22 major transport aircraft
Airports: 80 total, 30 usable; 10 with permanent-surface runways;
fewer than 5 with runways over 3,659 m; fewer than 20 with runways
2,440-3,659 m; 10 with runways 1,220-2,439 m
Telecommunications: stations--13 AM, 1 FM, 1 TV (with 18 provincial
relays); relay of Soviet TV; 60,000 TV sets; 186,000 radio receivers;
at least 1 satellite ground station
Defense Forces
Branches: Mongolian People's Army, Air Force (negligible)
Military manpower: males 15-49, 500,513; 327,002 fit for military service;
24,169 reach military age (18) annually
Military budget: NA