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$Unique_ID{COW02307}
$Pretitle{245}
$Title{Malaysia
Statistical Profile of Malaysia}
$Subtitle{}
$Author{Central Intelligence Agency}
$Affiliation{United States Government}
$Subject{malaysia
km
sarawak
sabah
peninsular
government
malaysian
national
rate
datuk}
$Date{1990}
$Log{National Anthem*65100010.aud
Map of Malaysia*0230701.scf
Flag of Malaysia*0230702.scf
}
Country: Malaysia
Book: CIA World Factbook
Author: Central Intelligence Agency
Affiliation: United States Government
Date: 1990
[Hear National Anthem]
[See Map of Malaysia]
[See Flag of Malaysia]
Statistical Profile of Malaysia
Geography
Total area: 329,750 km2; land area: 328,550 km2
Comparative area: slightly larger than New Mexico
Land boundaries: 2,669 km total; Brunei 381 km, Indonesia 1,782,
Thailand 506 km
Coastline: 4,675 km total (2,068 km Peninsular Malaysia,
2,607 km East Malaysia)
Maritime claims:
Continental shelf: 200 meters or to depth of exploitation
Exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm
Extended economic zone: 200 nm
Territorial sea: 12 nm
Disputes: involved in a complex dispute over the Spratly Islands with
China, Philippines, Taiwan, and Vietnam; state of Sabah claimed by the
Philippines; Brunei may wish to purchase the Malaysian salient that divides
Brunei into two parts
Climate: tropical; annual southwest (April to October) and northeast
(October to February) monsoons
Terrain: coastal plains rising to hills and mountains
Natural resources: tin, crude oil, timber, copper, iron ore,
natural gas, bauxite
Land use: 3% arable land; 10% permanent crops; NEGL% meadows and
pastures; 63% forest and woodland; 24% other; includes 1% irrigated
Environment: subject to flooding; air and water pollution
Note: strategic location along Strait of Malacca and southern
South China Sea
People
Population: 16,726,766 (July 1989), growth rate 2.0% (1989)
Birth rate: 26 births/1,000 population (1989)
Death rate: 6 deaths/1,000 population (1989)
Net migration rate: 0 migrants/1,000 population (1989)
Infant mortality rate: 31 deaths/1,000 live births (1989)
Life expectancy at birth: 65 years male, 70 years female (1989)
Total fertility rate: 2.9 children born/woman (1989)
Nationality: noun--Malaysian(s); adjective--Malaysian
Ethnic divisions: 59% Malay and other indigenous, 32% Chinese, 9% Indian
Religion: Peninsular Malaysia--Malays nearly all Muslim, Chinese
predominantly Buddhists, Indians predominantly Hindu; Sabah--38% Muslim,
17% Christian, 45% other; Sarawak--35% tribal religion, 24% Buddhist and
Confucianist, 20% Muslim, 16% Christian, 5% other
Language: Peninsular Malaysia--Malay (official); English, Chinese
dialects, Tamil; Sabah--English, Malay, numerous tribal dialects, Mandarin and
Hakka dialects predominate among Chinese; Sarawak--English, Malay, Mandarin,
numerous tribal languages
Literacy: 65.0% overall, age 20 and up; Peninsular Malaysia--80%;
Sabah--60%; Sarawak--60%
Labor force: 6,090,000; 34.3% agriculture, 17.8% trade, hotels, and
restaurants, 15% government, 14.6% manufacturing, 6.6% construction,
4.8% transport and communications, 4.1% utilities, 1.9% finance, 0.9% mining
(1986)
Organized labor: 620,000, 10% of total labor force
Government
Long-form name: none
Type: Federation of Malaysia formed 9 July 1963; constitutional monarchy
nominally headed by the paramount ruler (king) and a bicameral Parliament
composed of a 58-member Senate and a 177-member House of Representatives;
Peninsular Malaysian states--hereditary rulers in all but Penang and Melaka,
where governors are appointed by Malaysian Government; powers of state
governments are limited by federal Constitution; Sabah--self-governing state,
holds 20 seats in House of Representatives, with foreign affairs, defense,
internal security, and other powers delegated to federal government;
Sarawak--self-governing state within Malaysia, holds 24 seats in House of
Representatives, with foreign affairs, defense, internal security, and
other powers delegated to federal government
Capital: Kuala Lumpur
Administrative divisions: 13 states (negeri-negeri, singular--negeri) and
2 federal territories* (wilayah-wilayah persekutuan,
singular--wilayah persekutuan); Johor, Kedah, Kelantan, Labuan*, Melaka,
Negeri Sembilan, Pahang, Perak, Perlis, Pulau Pinang, Sabah, Sarawak, Selangor,
Terengganu, Wilayah Persekutuan*
Independence: 31 August 1957 (from UK)
Constitution: 31 August 1957, amended 16 September 1963 when
Federation of Malaya became Federation of Malaysia
Legal system: based on English common law; Constitution came into force
1963; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court at request of
supreme head of the federation; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
National holiday: National Day, 31 August (1957)
Branches: nine state rulers alternate as paramount ruler for five-year
terms; locus of executive power vested in prime minister and Cabinet, who are
responsible to bicameral Parliament (Senate, House of Representatives);
Peninsular Malaysia--executive branches of 11 states vary in detail but are
similar in design, with a chief minister, appointed by hereditary ruler
(governor), who heads an executive council (cabinet) that is responsible to an
elected, unicameral legislature; Sarawak and Sabah--executive branch headed by
governor appointed by central government, largely ceremonial role; executive
power exercised by chief minister who heads parliamentary cabinet responsible
to unicameral legislature; judiciary part of Malaysian judicial system
Leader: Chief of State Head of Government Dr. MAHATHIR bin
Mohamad, Prime Minister
(since July
1981)
Suffrage: universal over age 21
Elections: minimum of every five years; last elections August 1986
Political parties and leaders: Peninsular Malaysia--National Front, a
confederation of 14 political parties dominated by United Malays National
Organization Baru (UMNO), Mahathir bin Mohamad; Malaysian Chinese Association
(MCA), Ling Liong Sik; Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia, Datuk Lim Keng Yaik; Malaysian
Indian Congress (MIC), Datuk Samy Vellu; Sabah--Berjaya Party, Datuk Haji
Mohamad Noor Haji Mansodr; Bersatu Sabah (PBS), Joseph Pairin Kitingan; United
Sabah National Organizaton (USNO), Tun Datuk Mustapha; Sarawak--coalition
Sarawak National Front composed of the Party Pesaka Bumipatra Bersatu Sarawak
(PBB), Datuk Abdul Taib; Sarawak United People's Party (SUPP), Datuk Amar
Stephen Yong Kuat Tze; Sarawak National Party (SNAP), Datuk James Wong;
Parti Bansa Dayak Sarawak (PBDS), Datuk Leo Moggie; major opposition parties are
Democratic Action Party (DAP), Lim Kit Siang and Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party
(PAS), Haji Yusof Rawa
Voting strength: Peninsular Malaysia--(1986 parliamentary election, lower
house of parliament) National Front, 148 seats; DAP, 24 seats; PAS, 1 seat;
independents, 4 seats; in National Front--UMNO received 83 seats and 35%
vote, MCA 17 seats and 14% vote
Communists: Peninsular Malaysia--about 1,000 armed insurgents on
Thailand side of international boundary; about 200 full-time inside
Malaysia; Sarawak--fewer than 100, North Kalimantan Communist Party;
Sabah--insignificant
Member of: ADB, ANRPC, ASEAN, Association of Tin Producing Countries,
CCC, Colombo Plan, Commonwealth, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA,
IDB--Islamic Development Bank, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IPU, IRC,
ITC, ITU, NAM, OIC, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO, WTO
Diplomatic representation: Ambassador Albert S. TALALLA; Chancery at
2401 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington DC 20008; telephone (202) 328-2700;
there are Malaysian Consulates General in Los Angeles and New York;
US--Ambassador John C. MONJO; Embassy at 376 Jalan Tun Razak,
50400 Kuala Lumpur (mailing address is P. O. Box No. 10035, 50700 Kuala Lumpur);
telephone [6] (03) 248-9011
Flag: fourteen equal horizontal stripes of red (top) alternating with
white (bottom); there is a blue rectangle in the upper hoist-side corner bearin