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$Unique_ID{COW02068}
$Pretitle{234}
$Title{Jordan
Facts and Figures}
$Subtitle{}
$Author{Jordan Information Bureau}
$Affiliation{Embassy of Jordan, Washington DC}
$Subject{jordan
amman
government
national
sea
east
south
hours
aqaba
jordan's}
$Date{1990}
$Log{Table 1.*0206801.tab
Table 2.*0206802.tab
}
Country: Jordan
Book: The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan
Author: Jordan Information Bureau
Affiliation: Embassy of Jordan, Washington DC
Date: 1990
Facts and Figures
Of the rich national legacy of the land and people of Jordan, perhaps
the most ancient and enduring thread is our tradition of making visitors
from other countries our friends.
For the past 10,000 years, people from throughout the Middle East and
the rest of the world have travelled the historic trade routes which cross
Jordan marvelling at the varied glory of God's nature, and ultimately leaving
behind some joy, something learned and some fresh hope for future generations.
Today, visitors come to Jordan to see its great natural beauty and to see
the Kingdom's historical and archaeological wealth. And as the centuries-old
tradition of visiting Jordan continues, our friendships with people and
cultures from the four corners of the earth are renewed.
In Jordan, our welcome to friends from other countries is as old as human
travel itself. We welcome you to visit our country and to see its ancient
traditions and contemporary vitality.
FACTS & FIGURES
Location
Crossroads of the Middle East and of three continents - Europe, Asia, and
Africa. Common borders with Syria to north, Iraq to east, Saudi Arabia to
east and south, Gulf of Aqaba and Red Sea to south, Israel and the Occupied
West Bank, to west.
[See Table 1.: Road Distances From Amman:]
Area
89,544 square kilometers (34,573 square miles).
Climate
Sunny days, cool nights. Average temperature in Amman from May to
October is 23C (73F), and from November to April is 18C (55F).
Standard Time
Greenwich Mean Time plus two hours. Seven hours ahead of U.S. Eastern
Standard Time. Daylight Saving Time in effect during summer months.
Terrain
Semi-arid consisting of rolling hills, deserts, plains, mountains,
forests, sea coast, oases and fertile river valleys and gorges. The Jordan
Valley, together with the Dead Sea and Wadi Araba, forms one continuous
depression through the country from north to south and is part of the Great
Rift Valley of Africa and the Middle East. The valley is warm year-round
and, with irrigation, has enabled Jordan to expand the agricultural base of
its economy.
Principal Cities
Amman, the capital (with a population of approximately one million);
Irbid, Ajloun, Jerash and Zarqa in the north; Salt in the west; Madaba,
Karak, Ma'an and Aqaba, Jordan's seaport on the Red Sea, in the south.
Modern History
In 1916, Sharif Hussein of Mecca, King Hussein's great-grandfather, led
the Arab national movement in its successful revolt against Ottoman
domination. In 1923, the independent Emirate of Transjordan was established
under British aegis, with Emir Abdullah, son of Sharif Hussein, as its
leader. On May 25, 1946, when the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan achieved
full independence as a sovereign state, Emir Abdullah became King. Upon King
Abdullah's assassination in 1951, his elder son Prince Talal assumed the
throne, but a year later he relinquished it due to ill health. In 1952,
Prince Hussein was proclaimed King and the following year, at the age of 18,
he made his formal ascension to the throne.
Government
Constitutional monarchy. Two-house parliamentary system. Upper house
(40 members) appointed by the King; lower house (80 members) elected by
popular vote. Constitution guarantees freedom of religious belief, speech,
press, association and private property.
Population
3.11 million. Population growth is 3.9 percent annually.
Language
Arabic; English widely spoken as a second language.
Religion
Islam, with Christian minority.
Economy
[See Table 2.: Economy (1989):]
Jordan's economy is based primarily on industry, services and
agriculture. Large-scale industries, which include the mining of mineral
resources and the manufacture of cement, fertilizers and refined petroleum
products, account for 17.2 percent of the GDP. The services sector, which
consists mainly of government, tourism, transportation, communication and
financial services, contributes 61 percent of the economy and absorbs
approximately two-thirds of the country's labor force. Agricultural
production, boosted by expansion of irrigation and technological advances
in farming methods, especially in the cultivation of fruits and vegetables,
is the basic source of income for approximately 20 percent of the
population.
Arab Cooperation:
In 1989, Jordan joined with Egypt, Iraq and North Yemen in the
establishment of the Arab Cooperation Council, a regional alliance aimed at
furthering efforts toward pan-Arab economic cooperation and integration.
Mineral Resources:
Phosphates and potash, currently being exploited, account for more than
one-third of Jordan's domestic exports. Gypsum, limestone, kaolin, glass
sands, marble, granite and feldspar also being mined. Other minerals being
surveyed include copper and uranium. Oil exploration so far has yielded
promising finds.
Labor Force:
Jordan's work force totals approximately 585,000 (15% Women). An
additional 320,000 Jordanians work outside the country.
Education
Literacy rate as of 1987 is 79 percent. Education is free and compulsory
through the age of 15. Approximate 1987-88 figures: 963,250 students,
including 47,295 in community colleges and 40,680 in universities, plus an
additional 36,000 studying at universities abroad.
Jordan University:
Established in 1962, the University of Jordan offers baccalaureate and
graduate degrees similar to those of universities in the United States. Its
modern campus is situated in the suburbs of Amman and includes a hospital and
medical school.
Yarmouk University:
Established in 1976, Yarmouk University is situated near the northern
city of Irbid. Its faculties include Engineering, Medical Sciences and
Agriculture.
Mu'tah University:
Established in 1981 in South Jordan, Mu'tah serves as a military and
police science academy and offers courses of study not included in the
curricula of Jordan's other universities.
University of Science and Technology:
Established in 1986 as a specialized institution of higher studies, it is
located on the campus of Yarmouk University in Irbid.
Community Colleges:
Licensed community colleges number 53. They are administered by over 30
different agencies, including the government (29), private groups (22) and
UNRWA (2). They offer nearly 100 different specializations in 9 major
professional categories: education, commerce, computers, communications and
transport, engineering, paramedical technologies, agriculture, hotel
management and social professions.
Health
Life expectancy: 67 for males and 71 for females. Ratio physicians to
population: 12 per 10,000.
A large government complex in Amman, the 750-bed King Hussein Medical
Center is among the best-staffed and equipped institutions of its kind in the
Middle East. Highly skilled Jordanian surgeons perform sophisticated
operations, including open heart surgery and cornea and kidney transplants. In
1985, they undertook the first of several successful heart transplants and
became the pioneer medical team in the Third World to specialize in this
cardiac procedure.
Almost 40 other government hospitals and hundreds of medical centers and
village clinics situated throughout the country provide free health services
to the majority of the population. Ongoing programs in immunization,
preventive medicine and pollution controls are ensuring the eradication of
major infectious diseases and have signif