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$Unique_ID{COW01775}
$Pretitle{268}
$Title{Iran
Statistical Profile of Iran}
$Subtitle{}
$Author{Central Intelligence Agency}
$Affiliation{United States Government}
$Subject{km
rate
iran
billion
government
islamic
oil
election
iranian
republic}
$Date{1990}
$Log{National Anthem*61100010.aud
Map of Iran*0177501.scf
Flag of Iran*0177502.scf
}
Country: Iran
Book: CIA World Factbook
Author: Central Intelligence Agency
Affiliation: United States Government
Date: 1990
[Hear National Anthem]
[See Map of Iran]
[See Flag of Iran]
Statistical Profile of Iran
Geography
Total area: 1,648,000 km2; land area: 1,636,000 km2
Comparative area: slightly larger than Alaska
Land boundaries: 5,492 km total; Afghanistan 936 km, Iraq 1,458 km,
Pakistan 909 km, Turkey 499 km, USSR 1,690 km
Coastline: 3,180 km
Maritime claims:
Continental shelf: not specific
Exclusive fishing zone: 50 nm in the Sea of Oman; median-line boundaries
in the Persian Gulf
Territorial sea: 12 nm
Disputes: Iran began formal UN peace negotiations with Iraq in August
1988 to end the war that began on 22 September 1980--troop withdrawal,
freedom of navigation, sovereignty over the Shatt al Arab waterway and
prisoner-of-war exchange are the major issues for negotiation; Kurdish
question among Iran, Iraq, Syria, Turkey, and the USSR; occupies three
islands in the Persian Gulf claimed by UAE (Jazireh-ye Abu Musa
or Abu Musa, Jazireh-ye Tonb-e Bozorg or Greater Tunb,
and Jazireh-ye Tonb-e Kuchek or Lesser Tunb); periodic disputes with
Afghanistan over Helmand water rights; Baluch question with Afghanistan
and Pakistan
Climate: mostly arid or semiarid, subtropical along Caspian coast
Terrain: rugged, mountainous rim; high, central basin with deserts,
mountains; small, discontinuous plains along both coasts
Natural resources: petroleum, natural gas, coal, chromium, copper,
iron ore, lead, manganese, zinc, sulfur
Land use: 8% arable land; NEGL% permanent crops; 27% meadows and
pastures; 11% forest and woodland; 54% other; includes 2% irrigated
Environment: deforestation; overgrazing; desertification
People
Population: 53,866,523 (July 1989), growth rate 3.4% (1989)
Birth rate: 44 births/1,000 population (1989)
Death rate: 10 deaths/1,000 population (1989)
Net migration rate: 0 migrants/1,000 population (1989)
Infant mortality rate: 113 deaths/1,000 live births (1989)
Life expectancy at birth: 57 years male, 57 years female (1989)
Total fertility rate: 6.2 children born/woman (1989)
Nationality: noun--Iranian(s); adjective--Iranian
Ethnic divisions: 63% ethnic Persian, 18% Turkic, 13% other Iranian, 3%
Kurdish, 3% Arab and other Semitic
Religion: 93% Shia Muslim; 5% Sunni Muslim; 2% Zoroastrian, Jewish,
Christian, and Bahai
Language: Farsi, Turki, Kurdish, Arabic, English, French
Literacy: 48%
Labor force: 15,400,000; 33% agriculture, 21% manufacturing; shortage of
skilled labor (1988 est.)
Organized labor: none
Government
Long-form name: Islamic Republic of Iran
Type: theocratic republic
Capital: Tehran
Administrative divisions: 24 provinces (ostanha, singular--ostan);
Azarbayjan-e Bakhtari, Azarbayjan-e Khavari,
Bakhtaran, Bushehr, Chahar Mahall va Bakhtiari,
Esfahan, Fars, Gilan, Hamadan, Hormozgan, Ilam,
Kerman, Khorasan, Khuzestan,
Kohkiluyeh va Buyer Ahmadi, Kordestan,
Lorestan, Markazi, Mazandaran, Semnan,
Sistan va Baluchestan, Tehran, Yazd, Zanjan
Independence: 1 April 1979, Islamic Republic of Iran proclaimed
Constitution: 2-3 December 1979
Legal system: the new Constitution codifies Islamic principles of
government
National holiday: Islamic Republic Day, 1 April (1979)
Branches: Ayatollah ol-Ozma Ruhollah Khomeini, the leader of the
revolution, provides general guidance for the government, which is divided into
executive, unicameral legislature (Islamic Consultative Assembly), and judicial
branches
Leaders:
Chief of State President Hojatolislam Ali Hoseini KHAMENEI (cleric)
(since 21 October 1981);
Head of Government Prime Minister Mir Hosein MUSAVI-KHAMENEI (since
31 October 1981)
Suffrage: universal over age 15
Elections: election to select an Assembly of Experts to name Khomeini's
successor held in December 1982; election to select a president held in August
1985; parliamentary election held in 1988; next presidential election
scheduled for the summer of 1989; next parliamentary election in April 1992;
next election to Assembly of Experts in 1989
Political parties and leaders: no officially recognized parties,
although government recently announced it will accept applications to form
parties
Voting strength: reliable figures not available
Communists: 1,000 to 2,000 est. hardcore; 15,000 to 20,000 est.
sympathizers; crackdown in 1983 crippled the party; trials of captured leaders
began in late 1983 and remain incomplete
Other political or pressure groups: Mojahedin Khalq Organization (MKO),
People's Fedayeen, and Kurdish Democratic Party are armed political groups that
have been almost completely repressed by the government; groups that generally
support the Islamic Republic include Fedayeen Islam Organization, Hezbollah,
Hojjatiyeh Society, Mojahedin of the Islamic Revolution, Muslim Students
Following the Line of the Imam, and Tehran Militant Clergy Association
Member of: CCC, Economic Cooperation Organization, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IAEA,
IBRD, IDA, IDB, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, International Chamber of
Commerce, IPU, OIC, OPEC, UN, UNESCO, UNIDO, WHO
Diplomatic representation: none; protecting power in the US is
Algeria--Iranian Interests Section, 2209 Wisconsin Avenue NW,
Washington DC 20007; telephone (202) 965-4990;
US--protecting power in Iran is Switzerland
Flag: three equal horizontal bands of green (top), white, and red; the
national emblem (a stylized representation of the word Allah) in red is centered
in the white band; Allah Akbar (God is Great) in white Arabic script is
repeated 11 times along the bottom edge of the green band and 11 times along the
top edge of the red band
Economy
Overview: Since the 1979 revolution, banks, the petroleum industry,
transportation, utilities, and mining have been nationalized. War-related
disruptions, massive corruption, mismanagement, and ideological rigidities have
kept economic activities below prerevolutionary levels. Oil accounts for 90% of
export revenues. In 1986 the sharp drop in oil prices further depressed the
economy. A combination of war damage and low oil prices brought a 2% drop in GNP
in 1988. Heating oil and gasoline are rationed. Agriculture has suffered from
the war, land reform, and shortages of equipment and materials. The government
has introduced austerity import measures that have had the hardest impact on the
industrial sector, but the measures have also been successful in lowering
foreign debt from $10 billion in 1980 to about $4 billion at the end of 1988.
GNP: $93.5 billion, per capita $1,800; real growth rate - 2% (1988)
Inflation rate (consumer prices): at least 30% (1988)
Unemployment rate: 30% (1988)
Budget: revenues $NA; expenditures $55.1 billion, including capital
expenditures of $11.5 billion (FY88 est.)
Exports: $9.4 billion (f.o.b., 1988);
commodities--petroleum 90%, carpets, fruits, nuts, hides;
partners--Japan, Turkey, Italy, Netherlands, Spain, France, FRG
Imports: $11.0 billion (c.i.f., 1988); commodities--machinery,
military supplies, metal works, foodstuffs, pharmaceuticals, technical services,
refined oil products; partners--FRG, Japan, Turkey, UK, Italy
External debt: $4.3 billion, medium and long-term debt (1988)
Industrial production: growth rate NA%
Electricity: 14,151,000 kW output; 43,383 million kWh produced,
840 kWh per capita (1988)
Industries: petroleum, petrochemicals, textiles, cement and other building
materials, food processing (particularly sugar refining and vegetable oil
production), metal fabricating (steel and copper)
Agriculture: wheat, barley, rice, sugar beets