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$Unique_ID{COW01739}
$Pretitle{239}
$Title{Indonesia
Glossary}
$Subtitle{}
$Author{Riga Adiwoso-Suprapto}
$Affiliation{HQ, Department of the Army}
$Subject{ibrd
international
party
countries
developing
loans
}
$Date{1982}
$Log{}
Country: Indonesia
Book: Indonesia, A Country Study
Author: Riga Adiwoso-Suprapto
Affiliation: HQ, Department of the Army
Date: 1982
Glossary
abangan-Persons of a heterodox religious orientation; nominally Muslim,
they are also influenced by pre-Islamic Hindu, Buddhist, and animist beliefs.
Apodeti-Popular Democratic Association of Timor; the original
pro-Indonesian party of East Timor.
Bahasa Indonesia-The Indonesian national language, derived from Malay.
Bakin-State Intelligence Coordinating Agency; Indonesia's main external
and internal intelligence agency.
Bimas-Mass Guidance; a government rice-intensification program.
current and constant prices-Current prices are adjusted for inflation;
constant prices adjust data to the price level of an economy in a given year.
Constant prices also eliminate any gains or losses from a change in the terms
of trade.
Darul Islam movement-From the Arabic, dar-al-Islam, house or country of
Islam; a political movement committed to the establishment of a Muslim
theocracy, which appeared in western Java in 1948 and continued to be
implicated in regional revolts there until its leader was captured and
executed in 1962.
disguised unemployment-Employment characterized by extremely
unproductive labor, such as street vending, which yields little or no return
for time and effort expended. Common to developing economies.
DPR-House of People's Representatives; one of the two representative
bodies provided for in the 1945 Constitution. See also MPR.
fiscal year (FY)-Indonesia's fiscal year begins April 1.
Fretilin-Revolutionary Front for an Independent East Timor; a guerrilla
movement seeking the independence of East Timor.
Golkar-Functional Groups; the ruling political party; a federation of
groupings within society, such as peasants, workers, and women.
gross domestic product (GNP)-The total value of all final (consumption
and investment) goods and services produced by an economy in a given period,
usually a year.
gross national product (GNP)-Gross domestic product (q.v.) plus the
income from overseas investments and wages less the earnings of foreign
investors and workers in the home economy.
International Monetary Fund (IMF)-Established along with the World Bank
(q.v.) in 1945, the IMF is a specialized agency affiliated with the United
Nations and is responsible for stabilizing international exchange rates and
payments. The main business of the IMF is the provision of loans to its
members (including industrialized and developing countries) when they
experience balance of payments difficulties. These loans frequently carry
conditions that require substantial internal economic adjustments by the
recipients, most of whom are developing countries. In late 1982 the IMF had
146 members.
Kopkamtib-Operational Command for the Restoration of Security and Order;
the main internal security command of the armed forces.
MPR-People's Consultative Assembly; one of the two representative bodies
provided for in the 1945 Constitution. See also DPR.
nominal money supply-The value of cash, demand deposits, and some other
forms of deposits at banks (depending on the analytical definition),
unadjusted for inflation.
NU-Muslim Scholars League.
Outer Islands-Commonly used term for all the islands of the Indonesian
archipelago other than Java.
pancasila-The secularist state ideology; a broadly phrased formulation of
five principles stressing belief in one God, humanitarianism, national unity,
democracy, and social justice.
participation rate-The proportion of persons in a given age-group who are
economically active, i.e., counted as part of the labor force.
PDI-Indonesian Democratic Party; the amalgamated "nationalist" parties.
PKI-Indonesian Communist Party.
PNI-Indonesian Nationalist Party; party Sukarno helped to establish in
1927.
PPP-Development Unity Party; the amalgamated Muslim parties.
pribumi-Literally, an indigene, or native. In the colonial era, the great
majority of the population of the archipelago came to regard themselves
collectively as indigenous, in contrast to the nonindigenous Dutch and Chinese
(to a degree, Arab as well) communities. After independence the distinction
persisted, expressed as a dichotomy between elements that were pribumi and
those that were not, having significant implications for economic development
policy.
rupiah (Rp)-Basic currency unit. Exchange rate fixed at Rp415 to US$1
from 1971 to the fourth quarter of 1978, when it was devalued to Rp625.
Thereafter, the rate has floated slightly, depending on Bank Indonesia
intervention, at an average of Rp623.06 in 1979, Rp626.99 in 1980, Rp631.76
in 1981, and Rp662.32 in August of 1982.
santra-Orthodox reformist Muslims, especially as contrasted to abangan
(q.v.) Javanese.
shifting cultivation-Farming characterized by the rotation of fields
rather than crops, the use of short cropping periods and long fallow periods,
and the maintenance of fertility by allowing natural vegetation to regenerate
on fallow land. Clearing of newly or previously cropped land is often
accomplished by burning. Also called slash-and-burn, swidden, or land rotation
agriculture.
TNI-National Army of Indonesia.
transmigration-A voluntary rural resettlement program that seeks to move
large numbers of Javanese to the underpopulated Outer Islands (q.v.).
wayang-Dramatic form in several major variations in which puppets or
human performers, and sometimes both, portray gods, heroes, and other
characters from literary epics. The wayang kulit is shadow theater using
leather puppets.
World Bank-Informal name used to designate a group of three affiliated
international institutions, the International Bank for Reconstruction and
Development (IBRD), the International Development Association (IDA), and the
International Finance Corporation (IFC). The IBRD, established in 1945, has
the primary purpose of providing loans to developing countries for productive
projects. The IDA, a legally separate loan fund, but administered by the staff
of the IBRD, was set up in 1960 to furnish credits to the poorest developing
countries on much easier terms than those of conventional IBRD loans. The IFC,
founded in 1956, supplements the activities of the IBRD through loans and
assistance designed specifically to encourage the growth of productive private
enterprises in the less developed countries. The president and certain senior
officers of the IBRD hold the same positions in the IFC. The three
institutions are owned by the governments of the countries that subscribe
their capital. In 1982 the IBRD had over 140 members, the IDA had 130, and the
IFC over 120. To participate in the World Bank group, member states must first
belong to the International Monetary Fund (q.v.).