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$Title{Table A: Chronology of Important Events}
_____________________________________________________________________________
Period Description
_____________________________________________________________________________
Ancient India
ca. 3000-1500 B.C. ... Harappan culture
ca. 1500-800 B.C. .... Migration and spread of Aryan-speaking peoples
into subcontinent
ca. 600 B.C. ........ Rise of Magadha
ca. 550-486 B.C. ..... Life of the Buddha
326-25 B.C. ........ Alexander of Macedon in northwest India
321-ca. 185 B.C. ..... Mauryan Empire
273-232 B.C. ....... Reign of Asoka
128 B.C.-A.D. 121 ... Satavahana Dynasty in Deccan
50 B.C.-A.D. 100 .... Sangam period in South India; trade with Rome; Tamil
kings in Ceylon (present-day Sri Lanka)
A.D. 78 .......... Beginning of new Saka era; founding of Kushan
Empire in northwest
150 ............. Sanskirt inscription of Rudradaman I; Saka
king in western India
The Classical Age
319-ca. 500 ........ Gupta Empire
375-415 .......... Reign of Chandragupta II
399-414 .......... Visit of Fa-Hsien, Chinese Buddhist pilgrim
ca. 500-600 ........ Huns in northwest India; Guptas continue in eastern
India; rise of Chalukya power in Deccan; rise
of Pallava power in South India
606-47 ........... Reign of Harsha-vardhana of Kanauj
The Medieval Period
711 ............. Arab invasion of Sind
ca. 780-826 ........ Life of Shankara, the philosopher
ca. 899-1300 ....... Chola power in South India, expansion in
Southeast Asia
985-1018 ......... Reign of Rajaraja I, Chola king
998-1030 ......... Raids of Mahmud of Ghazni in northwest
1192 ............ Battle of Tarain, defeat of Rajputs by
Muhammad of Ghor
1206 ............ Establishment of Muslim Slave Dynasty in Delhi
1296-1316 ....... Reign of Alauddin Khalji, expansion of
Delhi sultanate
1325-51 .......... Reign of Muhammad bin Tughla
1336-1565 ......... Vijayanagar Empire in South India
1347 ............ Founding of Bahmani kingdom in Deccan
1398 ............ Invasion by Timur, sack of Delhi
ca. 1400-1526 ....... Independent kingdoms in North India
1440-1518 ......... Life of Kabir, bhakti saint
1469-1539 ......... Life of Nanak Dev, founder of Sikhism
1485-1533 ......... Life of Chitanya, bhakti saint
1510 ............ Portuguese capture Goa
The Mughal Period
1526 ............ First Battle of Panipat, defeat of Ibrahim
Lodi by Babur
1526-30 .......... Reign of Babur, founder of Mughal Dynasty
1530-39 .......... Reign of Humayun, struggle for power
1539-55 .......... Sur Dynasty in Delhi
1556-1605 ......... Reign of Akbar, consolidation and expansion of
Mughal power
1571 ............ Foundation of Fatehpur Sikri
1579 ............ Abolition of special tax on Hindus
1580 ............ First Jesuit mission at Mughal court
1605-27 .......... Reign of Jahangir
1606 ............ Martyrdom of Guru Arjan Das
1616-18 .......... Sir Thomas Roe obtains permission for English East India
Company to trade in empire
1628-57 .......... Reign of Shah Jahan; Taj Mahal and other great buildings
constructed; Mughal expansion in Deccan
1630-80 .......... Life of Sivaji, Maratha leader
1657-58 .......... War of succession
1658-1701 ......... Reign of Aurangzeb
1666-1708 ......... Life of Guru Gobind Singh, tenth and last Sikh guru
1675 ............ Execution of Guru Tegh Bahadur
1679 ............ Reimposition of the special tax on Hindus
1681 ............ Aurangzeb moves to Deccan, war with Marathas
1699 East India Company constructs Fort William
at Calcutta
1707-12 .......... Reign of Bahadur Shah followed by gradual disintegration
of Mughal empire into virtually independent
provinces
1739 ............ Nadir Shah sacks Delhi
1740-60 .......... Struggles for power in Carnatic and Bengal
involving forces of European trading company
as well as indigenous forces
1761 ............ At third Battle of Panipat, Marathas defeated
by Ahmad Shah Abdali
British Period
Company Rule
1757 ............ Battle of Plassey; nawab of Bengal defeated by East India
Company forces led by Robert Clive.
1765 ............ Company awarded dewani (power to collect taxes) of
Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa by Mughal emperor
1767-99 .......... Four Anglo-Mysore wars
1772-1833 ......... Life of Raja Ram Mohan Roy, social reformer
1775-1818 ......... Three Anglo-Maratha wars
1799-1839 ......... Reign of Ranjit Singh in Punjab-Sikh Empire
1813 ............ East India Act
1829 ............ Law prohibiting suttee
1835 ............ Thomas Babington Macaulay's "Minute on
Education"; English made official language
1838-42 .......... First Afghan War
1843 ............ Conquest of Sind by British
1845-49 .......... Two Anglo-Sikh wars
1853 ............ First railroad and telegraph lines opened
1856 ............ Annexation of Oudh by company
1857 ............ Sepoy Mutiny (or Sepoy Rebellion),
also known as Great Uprising; marked
formal end of Mughal Empire
Empire to Independence
1862 ............. Indian Penal Code introduced; India
High Courts Act
1869 ............. Suez Canal opened
1875 ............. Arya Samaj founded; Aligarch College founded
by Sir Sayyid Ahmad Khan (1817-98)
1878-80 ........... Second Afghan War
1885 ............. Indian National Congress (Congress) founded
1892 ............. India Councils Act
1905 ............. Partition of Bengal by Lord Curzon, viceroy
1906 ............. All-India Muslim League (League) founded
1909 ............. Morley-Minto Reforms
1911 ............. King-emperor (George V) visits India and
announces reversal of partition of
Bengal; transfer of imperial capital
to New Delhi from Calcutta
1916 ............. Lucknow Pact between Congress and League
1917 ............. British declaration on Indian self-government
1919 ............. Massacre at Jallianwallah Bagh, Amritsar;
India member of League of Nations;
Third Afghan War
1920-22 ........... Noncooperation movement under Mahatma Gandhi's
leadership of Congress; Khilafat Movement
1921 ............. Montague-Chelmsford Reforms of 1919 inaugurated
as part of Government of India Act
1927-28 ........... Simon Commission; All-Parties Conference;
Nehru Report
1930 ................ Gandhi's Salt March
1930-31 ........... Civil disobediece movement
1930-32 ........... Round table conferences, London
1931 ............. Gandhi-Irwin Pact
1935 ................ Government of India Act
1937-39 .............. Provincial autonomy; Congress ministries
1940 ................. Pakistan Resolution adopted by M