home
***
CD-ROM
|
disk
|
FTP
|
other
***
search
/
Countries of the World
/
COUNTRYS.BIN
/
dp
/
0135
/
01358.txt
< prev
next >
Wrap
Text File
|
1991-06-25
|
20KB
|
400 lines
$Unique_ID{COW01358}
$Pretitle{416}
$Title{France
Tourism in France}
$Subtitle{}
$Author{French Embassy, Washington DC}
$Affiliation{French Embassy, Washington DC}
$Subject{paris
france
city
century
french
ft
tons
metric
miles
million}
$Date{1991}
$Log{Eiffel Tower*0135801.scf
}
Country: France
Book: Fact Sheets on France
Author: French Embassy, Washington DC
Affiliation: French Embassy, Washington DC
Date: 1991
Tourism in France
[See Eiffel Tower: Courtesy French Information Service, New York.]
France is perhaps best known for such monuments as the Eiffel Tower and
Mont-Saint-Michel. But it is also a country of varied and delightful
landscapes which, together with its reputation for fine foods and wines, makes
it a favorite destination for visitors from all over the world.
Tourism is important to the French economy. It is one of the main
industrial sectors and an important source of revenue. For the past several
years some 38 million visitors have been recorded annually, and of these some
two million are Americans.
While most tourists visit Paris and its famous monuments and museums,
more and more visitors are aware that other regions in France offer
considerable diversity, not only in architecture but also cuisine, folklore,
language and traditions.
Travel by train is comfortable and popular in France. The rail network
covers 21,550 miles and is used daily by 13,000 trains, including the world's
fastest, the "TGV" (115 such trains operate over 1,546 miles). Other trains,
such as the "Cevenol" and the "Alpes-Azur," are intended for tourists and
offer commentary on points of interest seen en route.
Some tourists prefer the flexibility of traveling by car which allows
them to explore an area thoroughly and to visit historic chateaux as they
choose. France has more than 19,950 hotels with over 487,430 rooms. These
range from country inns to stately chateaux, from modest hotels to deluxe.
For young travelers on a budget there are youth hotels, guest houses and
school dormitories.
For the traveler who is pressed for time, there are flights from Paris to
more than 30 cities in France and a choice of 50 routes. No domestic flight
lasts more than an hour and a half, and most cities are no further away from
Paris than Washington is from New York.
Over the last few years, vacationers have discovered more adventurous
ways of visiting France ranging from cruises on its canals to excursions in
hot-air balloons. For sports enthusiasts, France offers hiking, mountain
climbing, bicycle tours and horseback riding.
January 1989
The City of Paris
Paris is the capital of France, the nation's largest city and the
mainspring of its cultural, economic and political life. It is also an
important international metropolis and the home of such international
organizations as UNESCO and the OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation
and Development).
As of January 1982 Paris had an estimated population of 2,050,000 and a
density of 50,500 persons per square mile. Greater Paris had 10 million
inhabitants and a density of 10,360 per square mile.
Location and Climate
Paris is located in northern France in a broad and fertile plain crossed
by the Seine river. The city of Paris proper covers approximately 40 square
miles but the Greater Paris area, that is to say Paris together with its
suburbs, has an area of approximately 818 square miles. The climate of Paris
is pleasant and temperate though somewhat damp.
History
Over 2,000 years ago the Gallic tribe of the Parisii settled on an island
(now known as Ile de la Cite) in the middle of the Seine river. By 53 B.C.,
when Julius Caesar and his Roman legions conquered it, the settlement had
grown into a town called Lutece. In 451 A.D. it was attacked by the Huns and
saved by Saint Genevieve, who later became the patron saint of the town. By
the end of the 5th century, the town had spread to the left bank, had become
the capital of the Franks and was known as Paris, from the name of its early
inhabitants.
By the 14th century it encompassed the right bank of the Seine and had
become one of the main cities of Europe (the university, the Sorbonne, was
founded in 1200). In spite of intermittent political strife, Paris continued
to grow and in the 18th century played a key part in the French Revolution.
In the last 100 years, France and Germany were at war three times. Paris
was besieged from 1870 to 1871 and threatened and bombarded in 1914 and 1918.
In June 1940 the capital fell to the armies of Hitler and was occupied until
the Liberation in August 1944.
France's postwar recovery was jeopardized by the crisis over
Algeria--then a French possession--that threatened the nation's unity. The
Fourth Republic collapsed and the Fifth Republic (1958) came into being under
General de Gaulle. Political restlessness flared again in the May 1968
uprisings when first the city and then the rest of France were paralyzed by
a general strike. Nowadays, political dissent, while very much alive, is
mostly confined to animated discussion in and outside Parliament.
Administration
Paris is at the same time a city and an administrative unit known as a
department.
As a city, it is administered by:
- a 109-member council elected for six years by popular vote. The council
regulates the affairs of the city and elects the mayor and deputy mayors from
among its members;
- a mayor and 18 deputy mayors, each of whom has a special area of
responsibility;
- a prefect of police appointed by the national government. He is
responsible for enforcing law and order;
- 20 commissions, one for each arrondissement (or district), which have
an advisory role.
As a departement, it has a government-appointed prefect who is both the
national government's representative to the department and the department's
representative to the government.
In 1982 the city payroll included: 34,000 municipal employees, 13,000
uniformed policemen, 5,000 sanitation workers.
Economy
Paris is a thriving city in which are located the main offices of most
French companies and the European headquarters of numerous multinational
concerns. It is renowned the world over for its shops and restaurants. Less
glamorous but more important are the chemical, electrical, automobile
manufacturing plants and building industries in the Paris region. Paris is
also a busy river port handling some 23 million metric tons a year.
To feed the capital some 1,485,000 metric tons of fruit and vegetables,
490,000 metric tons of meat, 206,000 metric tons of milk and dairy products,
110,000 metric tons of fish, etc., are brought in every year.
Public Utilities and Transportation
Paris consumes 20% of France's total output of energy for public
utilities, industry and domestic purposes, and needs a constant supply of
approximately 265 million gallons of water daily.
Like other large cities, Paris is a city of commuters; an estimated 60%
of all residents live in one area and work in another. Within the city, the
most popular means of transportation is the subway or metro which carries five
million passengers daily, while over 630,000 suburbanites commute by train and
770,000 others use the Regional Express System (R.E.R.). The bus service
carries some 1,170,000 passengers a day. Paris is no exception to traffic
jams, for there are 14,300 taxis and over 3,300,000 cars and trucks in the
city.
Six main railroad stations link the capital to all parts of France and to
cities all over Europe. There are several airports serving Paris, including
three international ones: Roissy-Charles de Gaulle, Le Bourget and Orly. Paris
is the second busiest air center in Europe (after London).
Intellectual and Artistic Life
It has been estimated that two-thirds of the artists and writers in
France live in Paris and 83% of all French printing and publishing activities