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$Title{Table 13.: Survey of Opposition Groups, 1980}
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
Opposition Group Sites of Activity Objective(s)
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
Eritrean People's Eritrea Independence for Eritrea
Liberation Front
(EPLF)
Eritrean Liberation Front Eritrea Secession, but would settle for
(ELF) federal union and separate
Eritrean Marxist organization
Eritrean Liberation Eritrea Independence for Eritrea
Front-Popular
Liberation Forces
(ELF-PLF)
Western Somali Harerge Union with Somalia
Liberation Front
(WSLF)
Somali-Abo Liberation Bale, Sidamo, and Arsi Union with Somalia or creation of
Front (SALF) separate state
Ethiopian People's Addis Ababa, western Overthrow of PMAC and establishment
Revolutionary Party (EPRP) Tigray, Gonder, and of civilian Marxist
southern regions regime
Ethiopian People's Tigray and Gonder Same as EPRP
Revolutionary Army
(EPRP)
Ethiopian Democratic Gonder, Gojam, and western Overthrow of PMAC and establishment
Union (EDU) Tigray of democratic regime
Oromo Liberation Front Northern Bale and Sidamo, Autonomy for Oromo regions or
(OLF) Arsi, and southern establishment of independent
Shewa state
Tigray People's Western Tigray Autonomy for Tigray or union
Liberation Front with independent Eritrea
(TPLF)
Afar Liberation Front Southern Eritrea and Autonomy in tribal territory
(AFL) eastern Welo
Afar National Liberation Southern Eritrea and Afar autonomy
Movement (ANLM) eastern Welo
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Political Orientation Foreign Supporters Comments
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Marxist-oriented Syria, Sudan, Kuwait, Largest and most effective of Eritrean
Somalia secessionist movements;
believed to have 25,000 well-armed
troops holding Nakfa
front in mid-1980
Marxist-oriented, Syria, Sudan, Saudi Arabia, Hard-hit by 1978 Ethiopian
predominantly Muslim Kuwait offensives; numerous defections
to EPLF
Moderate nationalist, anti-Marxist Sudan, Egypt, Saudi Break-away group from EPLF;
Arabia, and other small combat force, but more
conservative Arab states effective at propaganda abroad
than fighting in Eritrea
Somali nationalists Somalia Reportedly controls roads and
much of the countryside in the
Ogaden
Somali and Oromo Somalia Linked to WSLF. Controls much
nationalists of countryside in southern Bale,
Arsi, Sidamo regions
Marxist-Leninist Somalia Underground in Addis Ababa and
other urban centers; believed to
be active in countryside as
EPRA
Marxist-Leninist n.a. Claims to be arm of EPRP; operates
against government and
rival insurgent forces
No clear ideological identity; Sudan Setbacks in 1978 sharply reduced
projects liberal military effectiveness
image abroad, supporters
include officers of
imperial regime and
Amhara and Tigray
peasants
Nationalists, several political Somalia, Syria Small-scale insurgency; cooperates
factions with WSLF and SALF
Marxist Sudan, Syria, Somalia Badly mauled in 1978 Ethiopian
offensive, but continues guerrilla
activities with small force in
close cooperation with EPLF.
Carries on separate wars with
EPRA and EDU
Traditional allegiance to Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Guerrilla activity in tribal territory;
tribal shaykhs, but Djibouti cooperates with Eritrean secessionists.
factionalized Military effectiveness
diminished by Ethiopian sweep
in early 1980. Fighting among
rival factions
Marxist n.a. Cooperates with PMAC against
AFL and traditional tribal
leadership
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________