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  1. $Title{Table 13.: Survey of Opposition Groups, 1980}
  2.  
  3. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________
  4.      Opposition Group                      Sites of Activity                 Objective(s)
  5. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________
  6. Eritrean People's                    Eritrea                      Independence for Eritrea
  7.   Liberation Front
  8.   (EPLF)
  9.  
  10. Eritrean Liberation Front            Eritrea                      Secession, but would settle for
  11.   (ELF)                                                             federal union and separate
  12.                                                                     Eritrean Marxist organization
  13.  
  14. Eritrean Liberation                  Eritrea                      Independence for Eritrea
  15.   Front-Popular
  16.   Liberation Forces
  17.   (ELF-PLF)
  18.  
  19. Western Somali                       Harerge                      Union with Somalia
  20.   Liberation Front
  21.   (WSLF)
  22.  
  23. Somali-Abo Liberation                Bale, Sidamo, and Arsi       Union with Somalia or creation of
  24.   Front (SALF)                                                      separate state
  25.  
  26. Ethiopian People's                   Addis Ababa, western         Overthrow of PMAC and establishment
  27.   Revolutionary Party (EPRP)           Tigray, Gonder, and          of civilian Marxist
  28.                                        southern regions             regime
  29.  
  30. Ethiopian People's                   Tigray and Gonder            Same as EPRP
  31.   Revolutionary Army
  32.   (EPRP)
  33.  
  34. Ethiopian Democratic                 Gonder, Gojam, and western   Overthrow of PMAC and establishment
  35.   Union (EDU)                          Tigray                       of democratic regime
  36.  
  37. Oromo Liberation Front               Northern Bale and Sidamo,    Autonomy for Oromo regions or
  38.   (OLF)                                Arsi, and southern           establishment of independent
  39.                                        Shewa                        state
  40.  
  41. Tigray People's                      Western Tigray               Autonomy for Tigray or union
  42.   Liberation Front                                                  with independent Eritrea
  43.   (TPLF)
  44.  
  45. Afar Liberation Front                Southern Eritrea and         Autonomy in tribal territory
  46.   (AFL)                                eastern Welo
  47.  
  48. Afar National Liberation             Southern Eritrea and         Afar autonomy
  49.   Movement (ANLM)                      eastern Welo
  50. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
  51.  
  52. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
  53.       Political Orientation                 Foreign Supporters                      Comments
  54. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
  55. Marxist-oriented                      Syria, Sudan, Kuwait,            Largest and most effective of Eritrean
  56.                                         Somalia                          secessionist movements;
  57.                                                                          believed to have 25,000 well-armed
  58.                                                                          troops holding Nakfa
  59.                                                                          front in mid-1980
  60.  
  61. Marxist-oriented,                     Syria, Sudan, Saudi Arabia,      Hard-hit by 1978 Ethiopian
  62.   predominantly Muslim                  Kuwait                           offensives; numerous defections
  63.                                                                          to EPLF
  64.  
  65. Moderate nationalist, anti-Marxist    Sudan, Egypt, Saudi              Break-away group from EPLF;
  66.                                         Arabia, and other                small combat force, but more
  67.                                         conservative Arab states         effective at propaganda abroad
  68.                                                                          than fighting in Eritrea
  69.  
  70. Somali nationalists                   Somalia                          Reportedly controls roads and
  71.                                                                          much of the countryside in the
  72.                                                                          Ogaden
  73.  
  74. Somali and Oromo                      Somalia                          Linked to WSLF. Controls much
  75.   nationalists                                                           of countryside in southern Bale,
  76.                                                                          Arsi, Sidamo regions
  77.  
  78. Marxist-Leninist                      Somalia                          Underground in Addis Ababa and
  79.                                                                          other urban centers; believed to
  80.                                                                          be active in countryside as
  81.                                                                          EPRA
  82.  
  83. Marxist-Leninist                      n.a.                              Claims to be arm of EPRP; operates
  84.                                                                          against government and
  85.                                                                          rival insurgent forces
  86.  
  87. No clear ideological identity;        Sudan                            Setbacks in 1978 sharply reduced
  88.   projects liberal                                                       military effectiveness
  89.   image abroad, supporters
  90.   include officers of
  91.   imperial regime and
  92.   Amhara and Tigray
  93.   peasants
  94.  
  95. Nationalists, several political       Somalia, Syria                   Small-scale insurgency; cooperates
  96.   factions                                                               with WSLF and SALF
  97.  
  98. Marxist                               Sudan, Syria, Somalia            Badly mauled in 1978 Ethiopian
  99.                                                                          offensive, but continues guerrilla
  100.                                                                          activities with small force in
  101.                                                                          close cooperation with EPLF.
  102.                                                                          Carries on separate wars with
  103.                                                                          EPRA and EDU
  104.  
  105. Traditional allegiance to             Saudi Arabia, Somalia,           Guerrilla activity in tribal territory;
  106.   tribal shaykhs, but                   Djibouti                         cooperates with Eritrean secessionists.
  107.   factionalized                                                          Military effectiveness
  108.                                                                          diminished by Ethiopian sweep
  109.                                                                          in early 1980. Fighting among
  110.                                                                          rival factions
  111.  
  112. Marxist                               n.a.                             Cooperates with PMAC against
  113.                                                                          AFL and traditional tribal
  114.                                                                          leadership
  115. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
  116.