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$Title{Table 2.: Principal Titles of the Empire}
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Title Translation or Interpretation
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negusa nagast ........ King of kings (emperor)
negus ................ King
Traditional Military:
ras ................ Head (of any army); prince, duke. Title held by
crown prince and a few other leading nobles
lij ................ Lord; title held by a few leading nobles
dejazmatch ......... General of the king's gate; given to some provincial
governors and others
fitawrari ............ General of the vanguard; given to governors of
sub-provinces, high provincial civil servants and
some others
gannazmatch .......... General of the right wing
gerazmatch ........... General of the left wing
balambaras ........... Commander of a fort
shalaqa .............. Chief of a thousand men
basha ................ Commander of a rifle corps
Royal Court:
bitwoded ........... Literally, beloved. Given to ex-ministers and special
confidants of the emperor
blatengetta ........ Chief administrator of the palace
tsahafi tezaz ...... Royal scribe; keeper of the seal
bajirond ........... Guardian of royal property, treasurer
liqa makuas ........ King's double and keeper of the king's mule
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Source: Adapted from Allan Hoben, "Social Stratification in Traditional Amhara
Society," pp. 187-224 in Arthur Tuden and Leonard Plotnicov, Social
Stratification in Africa, New York, 1970; and Donald N. Levine, Wax
and Gold, Chicago, 1965.