Countries of the World/COUNTRYS.BIN/dp/0104/01044.txt

Text File | 1991-06-25 | 8KB | 165 lines

$Unique_ID{COW01044}
$Pretitle{222}
$Title{Cyprus
Glossary}
$Subtitle{}
$Author{James D. Rudolf}
$Affiliation{HQ, Department of the Army}
$Subject{turkish
cypriot
cyprus
party
value
pound
world
area
bank
equaled}
$Date{1979}
$Log{}
Country:     Cyprus
Book:        Cyprus, A Country Study
Author:      James D. Rudolf
Affiliation: HQ, Department of the Army
Date:        1979

Glossary

     AKEL-Anorthotikon Komma Ergazomenou Laou (Progressive Party of the
Working People). The communist party. Reestablished in 1941 on the remnants
of an earlier communist organization, the Communist Party of Cyprus
(Kommounistikon Komma Kyprou-KKK), founded in the mid-1920s but outlawed in
1933.

     Cyprus pound-The Cyprus pound ([C] Pound) is the monetary unit used
in the government-controlled area. It is divided into 1,000 mils (mil always
follows the amount and is usually not abbreviated). At independence 1
[C] Pound equaled US $2.80, a ratio it maintained until November 2, 1967, when
devaluation reduced its worth to US $2.40. The value of the pound rose to
US $2.61 after devaluation of the dollar in December 1971 and again appreciated
when the dollar was devalued a second time in February 1973; at the end of
1973 1 [C] Pound equaled approximately US $2.90. Since then the pound has
varied in value relative to the dollar reaching a low of 1 [C] Pound
equaled US $2.40 in 1976 and having a value equivalent to US $2.80 at the end of
March 1979. In 1979 the pound also continued to be the monetary unit (symbol
[K] Pounds of the Turkish Cypriot administered area, but the currency in actual
circulation was the Turkish lira (q.v.).

     Dimokratiko Komma-Democratic Party. Founded in late 1970s. Governing
party of President Spyros Kyprianou in mid-1979.

     Dimokratikos Synagermos-Democratic Rally. Conservative nationalist party
led by Glafcos Clerides. Founded in late 1970s.

     EDEK-Eniaia Dimokratiki Enosis Kendrou (United Democratic Union of the
Center). Socialist party under leadership in mid-1979 of Vassos Lyssarides.

     enosis-Union. A rallying cry for Greek Cypriots demanding enosis with
Greece from the early nineteenth century.

     EOKA-Ethniki Organosis Kyprion Agoniston (National Organization of
Cypriot Fighters). Guerrilla organization operating against the British
between 1955 and 1959. Led by George Grivas.

     EOKA B-Guerrilla organization operating against the Cypriot government
between 1971 and 1978.

     ethnarch-The archbishop of the Church of Cyprus in his secular role as
the traditional leader of the island's Orthodox Christian majority in relation
to other ethnic groups; during the three centuries of Ottoman rule the
ethnarch represented Cypriot Christians through direct access to the sultan's
court in Istanbul and rivaled the power of the local Ottoman governor.

     fiscal year (FY)-Until June 30, 1966, the fiscal year ran from July 1 to
June 30 of the next year. FY 1966-67 covered the period from July 1, 1966,
through December 31, 1967. Thereafter the fiscal year conformed to the
calendar year.

     GDP-Gross domestic product. The total value of goods and services
produced within a country's borders during a fixed period, usually one year.
Obtained by adding the value contributed by each sector of the economy in the
form of compensation of employees, profits, and depreciation (consumption of
capital). Subsistence production is included and consists of the imputed value
of production by the farm family for its own use and the imputed rental value
of owner-occupied dwellings. In countries lacking sophisticated data-gathering
techniques the total value of GDP is often estimated.

     GNP-Gross national product. GDP (q.v.) plus the income received from
abroad by residents less payments to nonresidents remitted abroad.

     Latin-See Roman Catholic.

     PEO-Pankyprios Ergatiki Omospondia (Pan-Cyprian Federation of Labor).
Commonly referred to as the Old Trade Unions. Affiliated internationally with
the left-oriented World Federation of Trade Unions. Dominated by AKEL (q.v.).

     Roman Catholic-In historical use, the Latin Church refers to the western
wing of Christianity using Latin as its liturgical language, jurisdictionally
related to the bishop of Rome (the pope) rather than one of the other
patriarchs, and generally corresponding to the area of the Western Roman
Empire rather than the Eastern Roman or Byzantine section. After the great
schism of 1054 those churches accepting papal authority became known as
Catholic in contrast to the Orthodox; the vast majority of these were Latin
rite or Roman Catholic. Since the religious conflict in Lusignan and Venetian
Cyprus was as much cultural as one of hierarchical structure, Roman Catholics
have continued to be known in Cyprus as Latins; the term also is used to
distinguish the descendants of the former Lusignan and Venetian elites from
Greek Cypriots.

     Sunni (from sunna, orthodox)-A member of the larger of the two great
divisions of Islam. The Sunnis supported the traditional (consensual) method
of election to the caliphate and accepted the Umayyad line. On this issue they
divided from the Shiites, the other main branch of Islam.

     Sunni Islam-See Sunni.

     SEK-Synomospondia Ergaton Kyprou (Cyprus Confederation of Labor). The
so-called New Trade Unions. Affiliated with the International Confederation of
Free Trade Unions.

     taksim-Partition. A rallying cry among Turkish Cypriots for partition of
the island between the Greek and Turkish ethnic communities.

     TKP-Toplumcu Kurtulus Partisi (Communal Liberation Party). Major
opposition party in the Turkish Cypriot administered area. Founded in 1976 by
Alpay Durduran.

     TMT-Turk Mukavemet Teskilati (Turkish Resistance Organization). Pre-1974
name of Turkish Cypriot military forces. Known as Volkan in its formative
years and Mucahit (Fighter) during its final years.

     Turkish Federated State of Cyprus-Kibris Turk Federe Devleti. Term for
self-proclaimed political entity covering northern 37 percent of the island.
Not recognized by the international community.

     Turkish lira-The Turkish lira (TL) was the currency in common use in the
Turkish Cypriot administered area of Cyprus in mid-1979. US $1 equaled
TL15.150, TL16.665, and TL19.443 at the end of 1975, 1976, and 1977
respectively. After a devaluation of the Turkish lira in January 1978 its
value declined to US $1 equaled TL25.250, a rate maintained through March 1979.
In May 1979 US $1 equaled TL26.765.

     UBP-Ulusal Birlik Partisi (National Unity Party). Governing party in the
Turkish Cypriot administered area. Based on Mustafa Kemal's (Ataturk's)
principles. Led by Rauf Denktas.

     UNFICYP-United Nations Peace-keeping Force in Cyprus. Conceived in the
context of the confrontation between the Greek Cypriot and Turkish Cypriot
communities and between the Cyprus National Guard and Turkish Cypriot
fighters. Mandated in March 1964 to prevent a recurrence of fighting, to
maintain and restore law and order, and to aid in the return to normal
conditions on the island. Mandate reaffirmed at frequent intervals since
original call by the United Nations (UN) Security Council.

     World Bank-Name commonly used for the International Bank for
Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), which is part of the World Bank Group
(q.v.)

     World Bank Group-Consists of the World Bank (q.v.) and its two financial
affiliates, the International Finance Corporation (IFC) and the International
Development Association (IDA). IFC works with the private sector in developing
countries. IDA operates in the same sectors and with the same policies as the
World Bank (q.v.) but provides credits only to the poorer developing countries
and on easier terms than conventional World Bank (q.v.) loans.