Countries of the World/COUNTRYS.BIN/dp/0101/01017.txt

Text File | 1991-06-24 | 50KB | 839 lines

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$Title{Cyprus
Front Matter}
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$Author{Frederica M. Bunge}
$Affiliation{HQ, Department of the Army}
$Subject{turkish
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$Date{1979}
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Country:     Cyprus
Book:        Cyprus, A Country Study
Author:      Frederica M. Bunge
Affiliation: HQ, Department of the Army
Date:        1979

Front Matter

Foreword

     This volume is one of a continuing series of books written by Foreign
Area Studies, The American University, under the Area Handbook Program. Its
title, format and substance reflect modifications introduced into the series
in 1978. The last page of this book provides a listing of other country
studies published. Each book in the series deals with a particular foreign
country, describing and analyzing its economic, national security, political,
and social systems and institutions and examining the interrelationships of
those systems and institutions and the ways that they are shaped by cultural
factors. Each study is written by a multidisciplinary team of social
scientists. The authors seek to provide a basic insight and understanding of
the society under observation, striving for a dynamic rather than a static
portrayal of it. The study focuses on historical antecedents and on the
cultural, political, and socioeconomic characteristics that contribute to
cohesion and cleavage within the society. Particular attention is given to the
origins and traditions of the people who make up the society, their dominant
beliefs and values, their community of interests and the issues on which they
are divided, the nature and extent of their involvement with the national
institutions, and their attitudes toward each other and toward the social
system and political order within which they live.

     The contents of the book represent the work of Foreign Area Studies and
are not set forth as the official view of the United States government. The
authors have sought to adhere to accepted standards of scholarly objectivity.
Such corrections, additions, and suggestions for factual or other changes that
readers may have will be welcomed for use in future revisions.

William Evans-Smith
Director, Foreign Area Studies
The American University
Washington, D.C. 20016

Acknowledgments

     The authors are grateful to many individuals in various agencies of the
United States government, other government organizations, and international
agencies in Washington, D.C. and New York City who gave of their time,
research materials, and special knowledge to enhance data and perspective.
They are indebted as well to Alice M. Carroll, editorial associate of the
Brookings Institution, who did bibliographic research in London and Robert
Pouliot and Y. Deyirmendjioglou who provided current data from the field.

     Among persons with a special competence in areas pertinent to this study
who provided assistance in its preparation are Theodore A. Couloumbis,
Professor of International Relations in the School of International Service of
The American University; Barbara F. Stowasser, Assistant Professor in the
Department of Arabic, School of Languages and Linguistics, Georgetown
University, and Professor James H. Wolfe of the Department of Political
Science, University of Southern Mississippi. The authors wish to acknowledge
their comments and suggestions with gratitude and without associating them in
any way with the contents of this volume.

     The authors also wish to express their gratitude to members of the
Foreign Area Studies staff who contributed directly to the preparation of the
manuscript. These persons include Sheila L. Ross who edited the manuscript and
Harriett R. Blood who prepared the graphics. The team appreciates as well the
assistance provided by Gilda V. Nimer, librarian, and Ernest A. Will,
publications manager, and by Fannabell Kash, who typed the manuscript.

     Special thanks are owed to Michael T. Graham of The American University
Department of Art, under whose direction Gail Oring designed the cover for
this volume as well as the illustrations on the title page of each chapter. We
also note our gratitude to Caroline M. and Howard S. Hufford who provided
source materials for the preparation of other graphics. Many of the
photographs in the study were provided by Achilles Ghinis Limited, Post Office
Box 1329, Nicosia, Cyprus, publishers of Cyprus The Sweet Land, to whom the
authors wish to express their appreciation.

Preface

     This study supersedes the Area Handbook for Cyprus, research for which
was completed in October 1970. The earlier study was prepared by a team
composed of William W. Cover, William Giloane, James M. Moore, Jr., Suzanne
Teleki, and Eston T. White, under the chairmanship of Eugene K. Keefe. The
authors of this volume have incorporated some of the material from the earlier
handbook, but Cyprus: A Country Study is substantially a new work.

     At the time the previous edition was prepared, Cyprus had been
independent for ten years. Its economy was prospering, but its political
climate was explosive, with intermittent outbreaks of violence portending the
eruption of full-scale intercommunal conflict and armed intervention by Greece
or Turkey or both. Four years later the long-feared conflict broke out, and
troops from mainland Turkey invaded the island. This edition of the study
seeks to examine the impact of the events of July-August 1974 on the
underlying values, attitudes, and concerns of the society.

     The study is based on a variety of published and unpublished sources and
on interviews with consultants having firsthand knowledge of Cyprus and Middle
Eastern affairs. Gaps and resulting problems of analysis remain for
resolution by future scholars working with a broader range of data.
Additionally, given the limits of time and space, some aspects of Cypriot
society and culture have been treated sketchily or not at all. Brief comments
on some of the more valuable sources, including those that provide
amplification of detail or interpretation presented in a chapter, appear at
the end of each chapter.

     Measurements are given in the metric system; a conversion table is
provided to assist those readers who are unfamiliar with metric measurements
(see table 1, Appendix A).

     The authors have tried to limit the use of foreign and technical terms.
These are briefly defined where they first appear in any chapter or reference
is made to the Glossary included in an appendix for the reader's convenience.
The authors also have attempted to follow standard spelling of Greek and
Turkish words and phrases. Place-names are those established by the United
States Board on Geographic Names in January 1953, with exceptions reflecting
more current usage.

     For the reader's convenience a table of Turkish variant names in the
Turkish-administered northern area of the island is included (see table A,
Preface). Some of these names are Turkish translations of the standard names;
others correspond to the closest Turkish phonetic equivalent of the standard
name; still others are completely new, established since 1975 by the
officiating administration.

[See Table A.: Selected Variants of Standard Place-Names]

Country Profile

Country

     Formal Name: Republic of Cyprus.

     Short Form: Cyprus.

     Terms for Nationals: Cypriots.

     Capital: Nicosia.

     Political Status: Former British colony. Achieved independence August
1960. Since mid-1974 northern 37 percent of island under separate Turkish
Cypriot administration. The so-called Turkish Federated State of Cyprus,
proclaimed unilaterally in February 1975, not recognized internationally
except by Turkey as of mid-1979.

Geography

     Size: Third largest island in Mediterranean, after Sicily and Sardinia.
9,248 square kilometers, of which 1,734 square kilometers forested. Length,
225 kilometers; maximum breadth, 96.5 kilometers. Situated in eastern
Mediterranean, about 38