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  1. $Title{Table 1.: Chronology of Chinese National Party Congresses and Plenums, 1921-87}
  2.  
  3. ____________________________________________________________________________________
  4.  
  5. Congress
  6.   Location                  Plenum     Date              Significance
  7. ____________________________________________________________________________________
  8.  
  9. First
  10.  
  11.   Shanghai ...............  First      July 1921         Attended by thirteen
  12.                                                            representatives; elected
  13.                                                            general secretary and
  14.                                                            three-man Central
  15.                                                            Bureau; developed
  16.                                                            general political pro-
  17.                                                            gram. Mao Zedong
  18.                                                            recording secretary.
  19.                                                            Chinese Communist
  20.                                                            Party (CCP) had fifty-
  21.                                                            seven members.
  22.  
  23. Second
  24.  
  25.   Shanghai ...............  First      July 1922         Adopted concept of dem-
  26.                                                            ocratic centralism (see
  27.                                                            Glossary), elected Cen-
  28.                                                            tral Executive Commit-
  29.                                                            tee (in 1927 shortened)
  30.                                                            to Central Committee),
  31.                                                            and decided to join
  32.                                                            Comintern (see Glos-
  33.                                                            sary). Accepted united
  34.                                                            front with Guomin-
  35.                                                            dang, although opposed
  36.                                                            by some, as temporary
  37.                                                            expedient to combat
  38.                                                            warlords and foreign
  39.                                                            imperialism. Party
  40.                                                            grew to 123 members.
  41.  
  42. Third
  43.  
  44.   Guangzhou ..............  First      June 1923         Under Comintern pres-
  45.                                                            sure, formally sanc-
  46.                                                            tioned united-front
  47.                                                            policy made CCP
  48.                                                            members concurrently
  49.                                                            Guomindang members.
  50.                                                            Tension built as CCP
  51.                                                            attempted to fulfill con-
  52.                                                            flicting goals of na-
  53.                                                            tional and social
  54.                                                            revolutions. Party had
  55.                                                            432 members in 1923.
  56.  
  57. Fourth
  58.  
  59.   Shanghai ...............  First      January 1925      CCP's activist role in
  60.   Beijing ................  Second     October 1925        labor and peasant cir-
  61.   Beijing ................  Third      July 1926           cles augmented by ex-
  62.                                                            plosive anti-imperialist
  63.                                                            social movements.
  64.                                                            Growing CCP influ-
  65.                                                            ence increased strains
  66.                                                            in united front. Secre-
  67.                                                            tariat-established to
  68.                                                            handle documentation
  69.                                                            and communications.
  70.                                                            Party had 950 mem-
  71.                                                            bers by 1925.
  72.  
  73. Fifth
  74.  
  75.   Wuhan ..................  First      April-May 1927    Elected CCP's first
  76.                                                            Political Bureau. Ten-
  77.                                                            sions mounted within
  78.                                                            party over concessions
  79.                                                            to maintain united
  80.                                                            front. After abandon-
  81.                                                            ment of united front
  82.                                                            policy in mid-July, the
  83.                                                            August 7 Emergency
  84.                                                            Conference elected
  85.                                                            new party leadership,
  86.                                                            emphasized tight orga-
  87.                                                            nization and party dis-
  88.                                                            cipline, and called for
  89.                                                            armed struggle against
  90.                                                            Guomindang. Over
  91.                                                            10,000 party members
  92.                                                            on rolls.
  93.  
  94. Sixth
  95.  
  96.   Moscow .................  First      June-July 1928    Conflict arose among
  97.   Shanghai ...............  Second     November 1929       leaders concerning
  98.   Shanghai ...............  Third      September 1930      proper course for the
  99.   Shanghai ...............  Fourth     January 1931        Chinese revolution:
  100.   Ruijin .................  Fifth      January 1934        revolutionary move-
  101.   Yan'an .................  Sixth      October 1938        ment responsive to
  102.   Yan'an .................  Seventh    April 1945          local-mainly rural-
  103.                                                            conditions; urban revo-
  104.                                                            lution; or strict adher-
  105.                                                            ence to Moscow's
  106.                                                            instructions. Mao
  107.                                                            Zedong, a leader in
  108.                                                            rural-oriented group,
  109.                                                            emerged dominant by
  110.                                                            1935, bolstered by his
  111.                                                            military skill during the
  112.                                                            Long March (1934-
  113.                                                            35). Mao Zedong
  114.                                                            Thought formally
  115.                                                            adopted at the Seventh
  116.                                                            Plenum. The Sino-
  117.                                                            Japanese War (1937-
  118.                                                            45) and the concomi-
  119.                                                            tant second united
  120.                                                            front with Guomindang
  121.                                                            against Japan became
  122.