home
***
CD-ROM
|
disk
|
FTP
|
other
***
search
/
Countries of the World
/
COUNTRYS.BIN
/
dp
/
0044
/
00446.txt
< prev
next >
Wrap
Text File
|
1991-06-24
|
4KB
|
98 lines
$Unique_ID{COW00446}
$Pretitle{266}
$Title{Bolivia
Gold Mining in the Tropics}
$Subtitle{}
$Author{Peter McFarren}
$Affiliation{Embassy of Bolivia, Washington DC}
$Subject{gold
guanay
mining
river
cooperatives
fever
}
$Date{1989}
$Log{}
Country: Bolivia
Book: The Cultural Guide of Bolivia
Author: Peter McFarren
Affiliation: Embassy of Bolivia, Washington DC
Date: 1989
Gold Mining in the Tropics
A gold rush is under way in Bolivia, and Bolivians from all walks of life
are converging on the Mapiri River here in search of instant wealth. Few find
it.
Some of them, drawn by the gold fever from urban poverty and
drought-seared farms, succumb to the affliction of the jungle - yellow fever.
Neli Gonzalvez pans along the river but there are more mosquito bites on
her infant daughter's face than specks of gold in her pan. "I am fed up with
mosquitos, but there's no work in the capital," says the 45-year-old mother of
six, who left La Paz with her husband after he lost his construction job. "At
least here we have a chance to earn some money."
A few miles up the river, bulldozers owned by mining cooperatives plow up
dried tributary beds and dump tons of dirt onto mechanized gold sifters, while
Aymara Indian peasants stand by to rummage through the waste.
Last year the Bolivian government exported five tons of gold to earn 40
million dollars.
Mining officials say that in five to ten years gold could replace tin as
the country's principal mineral export.
Much of the gold fever centers on Guanay, 150 miles northeast of La Paz.
Since 1980, when gold discoveries here coincided with the start of a long
national recession, Guanay has become a bustling town where gold is the
currency used to buy radios, appliances and motor vehicles.
Most of the immigrants are peasants who abandoned their farmland after a
severe 1983 drought. During the March to October dry season, when gold is
easier to find in the river, as many as 400 newcomers sleep each night in the
town square.
"Many come here because of the country's economic situation," said Luis
Rodriguez, a navy officer stationed in Guanay. "They think it's just a
question of dipping a finger into the river and coming out with a gold ring."
Indeed, a few have become wealthy. But most prospectors barely survive in
a region rife with yellow fever and tuberculosis. Upriver in Mapiri, a mining
center of 2,000 people, 25 died recently from yellow fever, according to
Gonzalo Guzman, a police colonel.
"People in La Paz hear there is gold, sell their belongings and arrive
here full of hope," said Ignacia Capella, a Roman Catholic missionary in
Guanay. "Most of them return empty handed, often sick and poorer than when
they arrived."
Fernando Quispe, a weaver in the capital, drove a truck 16 hours across
the mountains with his wife, leaving their two children with her mother. It
was the couple's third prospecting trip to Guanay.
"Everything is expensive in La Paz, and I have trouble selling my work,"
Quispe said. "I haven't had much luck here either."
Guanay's mud streets, lined with open sewers, join one lane roads to
Tipuani, Unutuluni and other mining centers. To reach the town of Mapiri,
miners in Guanay board motor powered dugout canoes for a six - hour trip
through rapids and treacherous whirlpools.
Along the shore, families and cooperatives have staked out pieces of land
and begun panning the river. Recent arrivals have set up shelters of plastic
sheets or banana leaves.
Government-licensed cooperatives do most of Bolivia's gold mining. About
300 cooperatives with a total of around 10,000 members operate in the Guanay
area. Some cooperatives have discovered rich gold veins, invested millions of
dollars in equipment, and now produce up to 220 pounds of gold per month.
While the gold rush is transforming Bolivia's frontier, opening roads and
encouraging migration from the highlands, the government is getting few
benefits.