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$Unique_ID{COW00400}
$Pretitle{235A}
$Title{Bhutan
Money, Banking and Finance}
$Subtitle{}
$Author{Central Statistical Office}
$Affiliation{Royal Government of Bhutan}
$Subject{bhutan
cent
financial
per
bank
million
monetary
nu
royal
table}
$Date{1990}
$Log{Table 11.1.*0040001.tab
Table 11.2.*0040002.tab
Table 11.3.*0040003.tab
Table 11.4.*0040004.tab
Table 11.5.*0040005.tab
Table 11.6.*0040006.tab
}
Country: Bhutan
Book: Statistical Yearbook of Bhutan 1989
Author: Central Statistical Office
Affiliation: Royal Government of Bhutan
Date: 1990
Money, Banking and Finance
Until recent times, most economic transactions in Bhutan were carried out
on the basis of barter arrangements. The widespread use of money commenced
during the 1960s with the expansion of trade with India and the inflow of
development assistance. The Indian rupee was most commonly used until 1974
when the government first issued Ngultrum notes, Bhutan's official currency.
The monetary sector has grown since then with increasing economic development,
improvement in transport and communication facilities and greater
urbanization, though the barter economy continues to be important.
The monetary sector in Bhutan comprises the Royal Monetary Authority,
Bhutan's Central Banking organisation; and the Bank of Bhutan, the country's
only commercial bank. The non-bank financial institutions are the Royal
Insurance Corporation of Bhutan and the Unit Trust of Bhutan. In addition,
a new non-bank financial institution, the Bhutan Development Finance
Corporation was established during 1988 to provide long term loans for
development purposes.
A statistical system for the money, banking and finance sector has been
developed by the Royal Monetary Authority. The main element of the system is
the monetary survey, which is a consolidation of the accounts of the Royal
Monetary Authority and the Bank of Bhutan showing the financial relationships
between the two institutions and other sectors of the economy. Items covered
include foreign assets and domestic credit, together with information on the
money supply. In addition, financial statements are also available for the two
non-bank financial institutions.
Main Features
During 1988, there was an increase in the broad money supply (M2) of
Nu. 171.2 million or 31 per cent from the previous year. This was largely
accounted for by an increase in net foreign assets of Nu. 307.4 million.
From December 1983 to December 1988, there was an increase in net
foreign assets of the Royal Monetary Authority and the Bank of Bhutan of
Nu. 1,038.7 million. Domestic credit decreased by Nu. 360.9 million over the
same period, mainly as a consequence of large increases in deposits of
government with the Bank of Bhutan.
Investment in the two non-bank financial institutions has grown rapidly
over the past few years. Between December 1983 and December 1988, total
investment in the Royal Insurance Corporation of Bhutan increased from Nu.
137.5 million to Nu. 461.7 million while investment in the Unit Trust of
Bhutan increased from Nu. 25.2 million to Nu. 215.2 million.
Loan amounts outstanding by the financial sector (including both banking
and non-banking institutions) totalled Nu. 593.2 million at the end of 1988.
The use of those advances has changed over time with the building and
construction industry in 1988 receiving 40 per cent of all advances compared
with only 27 per cent in 1983. Agriculture received 4 per cent of advances in
1988, industry received 20 per cent and trade and commerce received 13 per
cent.
Interest rates on deposits with the Bank of Bhutan range from 5 per cent
to 11 per cent. The Bank's interest rates on advances vary from 10 per cent to
15 per cent.
[See Table 11.1.: MONETARY SURVEY - ROYAL MONETARY AUTHORITY AND BANK OF
BHUTAN, 1983 TO 1988]
[See Table 11.2.: ROYAL INSURANCE CORPORATION OF BHUTAN - FINANCIAL
STATISTICS, 1983 TO 1988]
[See Table 11.3.: UNIT TRUST OF BHUTAN- FINANCIAL STATISTICS, 1980 TO 1988]
[See Table 11.4.: FINANCIAL INVESTMENTS BY SECTOR - AMOUNTS OUTSTANDING, 1983
TO JUNE 1989]
[See Table 11.5.: BANK OF BHUTAN INTEREST RATES - DEPOSITS, 1982 TO 1988]
[See Table 11.6.: COMMERCIAL BANK INTEREST RATES- LOANS]