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$Unique_ID{COW00190}
$Pretitle{369}
$Title{Australia
Statistical Profile on Australia}
$Subtitle{}
$Author{Central Intelligence Agency}
$Affiliation{United States Government}
$Subject{australian
km
labor
rate
australia
billion
party
total
government
capital}
$Date{1990}
$Log{National Anthem*50100010.aud
Map of Australia*0019001.scf
Flag of Australia*0019002.scf
}
Country: Australia
Book: CIA World Factbook
Author: Central Intelligence Agency
Affiliation: United States Government
Date: 1990
[Hear National Anthem]
[See Map of Australia]
[See Flag of Australia]
Statistical Profile on Australia
Geography
Total area: 7,686,850 km2; land area: 7,617,930 km2; includes Macquarie Island
Comparative area: slightly smaller than the US
Land boundaries: none
Coastline: 25,760 km
Maritime claims:
Contiguous zone: 12 nm;
Continental shelf: 200 meters or to depth of exploitation;
Exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm;
Territorial sea: 3 nm
Disputes: territorial claim in Antarctica (Australian Antarctic Territory)
Climate: generally arid to semiarid; temperate in south and east; tropical in
north
Terrain: mostly low plateau with deserts; fertile plain in southeast
Natural resources: bauxite, coal, iron ore, copper, tin, silver, uranium,
nickel, tungsten, mineral sands, lead, zinc, diamonds, natural gas, crude oil
Land use: 6% arable land; NEGL% permanent crops; 58% meadows and pastures; 14%
forest and woodland; 22% other; includes NEGL% irrigated
Environment: subject to severe droughts and floods; cyclones along coast;
limited freshwater availability; irrigated soil degradation; regular,
tropical, invigorating, sea breeze known as the doctor occurs along west coast
in summer; desertification
Note: world's smallest continent but sixth-largest country
People
Population: 16,923,478 (July 1990), growth rate 1.3% (1990)
Birth rate: 15 births/1,000 population (1990)
Death rate: 8 deaths/1,000 population (1990)
Net migration rate: 6 migrants/1,000 population (1990)
Infant mortality rate: 8 deaths/1,000 live births (1990)
Life expectancy at birth: 73 years male, 80 years female (1990)
Total fertility rate: 1.8 children born/woman (1990)
Nationality: noun--Australian(s); adjective--Australian
Ethnic divisions: 95% Caucasian, 4% Asian, 1% Aboriginal and other
Religion: 26.1% Anglican, 26.0% Roman Catholic, 24.3% other Christian
Language: English, native languages
Literacy: 98.5%
Labor force: 7,700,000; 33.8% finance and services, 22.3% public and community
services, 20.1% wholesale and retail trade, 16.2% manufacturing and industry,
6.1% agriculture (1987)
Organized labor: 42% of labor force (1988)
Government
Long-form name: Commonwealth of Australia
Type: federal parliamentary state
Capital: Canberra
Administrative divisions: 6 states and 2 territories*; Australian Capital
Territory*, New South Wales, Northern Territory*, Queensland, South Australia,
Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia
Dependent areas: Ashmore and Cartier Islands, Christmas Island, Cocos
(Keeling) Islands, Coral Sea Islands, Heard Island and McDonald Islands,
Norfolk Island
Independence: 1 January 1901 (federation of UK colonies)
Constitution: 9 July 1900, effective 1 January 1901
Legal system: based on English common law; accepts compulsory ICJ
jurisdiction, with reservations
National holiday: Australia Day (last Monday in January), 29 January 1990
Executive branch: British monarch, governor general, prime minister, deputy
prime minister, Cabinet
Legislative branch: bicameral Federal Parliament consists of an upper house or
Senate and a lower house or House of Representatives
Judicial branch: High Court
Leaders: Chief of State--Queen ELIZABETH II (since February 1952), represented
by Governor General William George HAYDEN (since NA February 1989);
Head of Government--Prime Minister Robert James Lee HAWKE (since 11 March
1983); Deputy Prime Minister Paul KEATING (since 3 April 1990)
Political parties and leaders: government--Australian Labor Party, Robert
Hawke; opposition--Liberal Party, Andrew Peacock; National Party, Charles
Blunt; Australian Democratic Party, Janine Haines
Suffrage: universal and compulsory at age 18
Elections: Senate--last held 11 July 1987 (next to be held by 12 May 1990);
results--Labor 43%, Liberal-National 42%, Australian Democrats 8%,
independents 2%; seats--(76 total) Labor 32, Liberal-National 34, Australian
Democrats 7, independents 3;
House of Representatives--last held 24 March 1990 (next to be held by November
1993); results--Labor 39.7%, Liberal-National 43%, Australian Democrats and
independents 11.1%; seats--(148 total) Labor 78, Liberal-National 69,
independent 1
Communists: 4,000 members (est.)
Other political or pressure groups: Australian Democratic Labor Party
(anti-Communist Labor Party splinter group); Peace and Nuclear Disarmament
Action (Nuclear Disarmament Party splinter group)
Member of: ADB, AIOEC, ANZUS, CCC, CIPEC (associate), Colombo Plan,
Commonwealth, DAC, ESA, ESCAP, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IATP, IBA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO,
ICO, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IHO, ILO, ILZSG, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOOC,
IPU, IRC, ISO, ITC, ITU, IWC--International Whaling Commission,
IWC--International Wheat Council, OECD, SPF, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO,
WSG
Diplomatic representation: Ambassador Michael J. COOK; Chancery at 1601
Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington DC 20036; telephone (202) 797-3000; there
are Australian Consulates General in Chicago, Honolulu, Houston, Los Angeles,
New York, Pago Pago (American Samoa), and San Francisco; US--Ambassador Melvin
F. SEMBLER; Moonah Place, Yarralumla, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory
2600 (mailing address is APO San Francisco 6404); telephone (61) (62) 705000;
there are US Consulates General in Melbourne, Perth, and Sydney, and a
Consulate in Brisbane
Flag: blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and a
large seven-pointed star in the lower hoist-side quadrant; the remaining half
is a representation of the Southern Cross constellation in white with one
small five-pointed star and four, larger, seven-pointed stars
Economy
Overview: Australia has a prosperous Western-style capitalist economy, with a
per capita GNP comparable to levels in industrialized West European countries.
Rich in natural resources, Australia is a major exporter of agricultural
products, minerals, metals, and fossil fuels. Of the top 25 exports, 21 are
primary products, so that, as happened during 1983-84, a downturn in world
commodity prices can have a big impact on the economy. The government is
pushing for increased exports of manufactured goods but competition in
international markets will be severe.
GNP: $240.8 billion, per capita $14,300; real growth rate 4.1% (1989 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 8.0% (1989)
Unemployment rate: 6.0% (December 1989)
Budget: revenues $76.3 billion; expenditures $69.1 billion, including capital
expenditures of NA (FY90 est.)
Exports: $43.2 billion (f.o.b., FY89); commodities--wheat, barley, beef, lamb,
dairy products, wool, coal, iron ore; partners--Japan 26%, US 11%, NZ 6%,
South Korea 4%, Singapore 4%, USSR 3%
Imports: $48.6 billion (c.i.f., FY89); commodities--manufactured raw
materials, capital equipment, consumer goods; partners--US 22%, Japan 22%, UK
7%, FRG 6%, NZ 4% (1984)
External debt: $111.6 billion (September 1989)
Industrial production: growth rate 5.6% (FY88)
Electricity: 38,000,000 kW capacity; 139,000 million kWh produced, 8,450 kWh
per capita (1989)
Industries: mining, industrial and transportation equipment, food processing,
chemicals, steel, motor vehicles
Agriculture: accounts for 5% of GNP and 37% of export revenues; world's
largest exporter of beef and wool, second-largest for mutton, and among top
wheat exporters; major crops--wheat, barley, sugarcane, fruit;
livestock--cattle, sheep, poultry
Aid: donor--ODA and OOF commitments (1970-87), $