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+--------+-------------------------+-------------------------+--------+--------+
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|00000020| ff ff 2e 00 ff ff ff ff | ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff |........|........|
|00000030| ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff | ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff |........|........|
|00000040| 03 00 ff ff ff ff ff ff | ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff |........|........|
|00000050| 4d 61 72 63 68 20 31 36 | 2c 20 31 39 35 33 01 01 |March 16|, 1953..|
|00000060| 4b 69 6c 6c 65 72 20 6f | 66 20 74 68 65 20 4d 61 |Killer o|f the Ma|
|00000070| 73 73 65 73 0d 0a 0d 0a | 0d 0a 0d 0a 20 20 20 20 |sses....|....    |
|00000080| 20 42 61 63 6b 20 69 6e | 20 31 39 33 31 2c 20 77 | Back in| 1931, w|
|00000090| 68 65 6e 20 53 74 61 6c | 69 6e 20 77 61 73 20 72 |hen Stal|in was r|
|000000a0| 75 74 68 6c 65 73 73 6c | 79 20 6c 69 71 75 69 64 |uthlessl|y liquid|
|000000b0| 61 74 69 6e 67 20 74 68 | 65 0d 0a 6b 75 6c 61 6b |ating th|e..kulak|
|000000c0| 73 20 69 6e 20 68 69 73 | 20 64 72 69 76 65 20 74 |s in his| drive t|
|000000d0| 6f 20 63 6f 6c 6c 65 63 | 74 69 76 69 7a 65 20 74 |o collec|tivize t|
|000000e0| 68 65 20 6c 61 6e 64 2c | 20 68 65 20 67 61 76 65 |he land,| he gave|
|000000f0| 20 6f 6e 65 20 6f 66 20 | 68 69 73 0d 0a 72 61 72 | one of |his..rar|
|00000100| 65 20 69 6e 74 65 72 76 | 69 65 77 73 20 74 6f 20 |e interv|iews to |
|00000110| 6f 75 74 73 69 64 65 72 | 73 2e 20 48 69 73 20 67 |outsider|s. His g|
|00000120| 75 65 73 74 73 20 77 65 | 72 65 20 47 65 6f 72 67 |uests we|re Georg|
|00000130| 65 20 42 65 72 6e 61 72 | 64 20 53 68 61 77 0d 0a |e Bernar|d Shaw..|
|00000140| 61 6e 64 20 4c 61 64 79 | 20 41 73 74 6f 72 2e 20 |and Lady| Astor. |
|00000150| 41 73 20 61 6c 77 61 79 | 73 2c 20 4e 61 6e 63 79 |As alway|s, Nancy|
|00000160| 20 41 73 74 6f 72 20 77 | 61 73 20 66 6f 72 74 68 | Astor w|as forth|
|00000170| 72 69 67 68 74 3a 20 22 | 57 68 65 6e 20 61 72 65 |right: "|When are|
|00000180| 0d 0a 79 6f 75 20 67 6f | 69 6e 67 20 74 6f 20 73 |..you go|ing to s|
|00000190| 74 6f 70 20 6b 69 6c 6c | 69 6e 67 20 70 65 6f 70 |top kill|ing peop|
|000001a0| 6c 65 3f 22 20 73 68 65 | 20 61 73 6b 65 64 20 53 |le?" she| asked S|
|000001b0| 74 61 6c 69 6e 2e 0d 0a | 0d 0a 20 20 20 20 20 22 |talin...|..     "|
|000001c0| 57 68 65 6e 20 69 74 20 | 69 73 20 6e 6f 20 6c 6f |When it |is no lo|
|000001d0| 6e 67 65 72 20 6e 65 63 | 65 73 73 61 72 79 2c 22 |nger nec|essary,"|
|000001e0| 20 53 74 61 6c 69 6e 20 | 72 65 70 6c 69 65 64 2e | Stalin |replied.|
|000001f0| 20 22 53 6f 6f 6e 2c 20 | 49 0d 0a 68 6f 70 65 2e | "Soon, |I..hope.|
|00000200| 22 0d 0a 0d 0a 20 20 20 | 20 20 45 6c 65 76 65 6e |"....   |  Eleven|
|00000210| 20 79 65 61 72 73 20 6c | 61 74 65 72 2c 20 69 6e | years l|ater, in|
|00000220| 20 74 68 65 20 64 61 72 | 6b 20 77 61 72 20 79 65 | the dar|k war ye|
|00000230| 61 72 20 6f 66 20 31 39 | 34 32 2c 20 6f 6e 0d 0a |ar of 19|42, on..|
|00000240| 43 68 75 72 63 68 69 6c | 6c 27 73 20 6c 61 73 74 |Churchil|l's last|
|00000250| 20 6e 69 67 68 74 20 69 | 6e 20 52 75 73 73 69 61 | night i|n Russia|
|00000260| 2c 20 53 74 61 6c 69 6e | 20 69 6e 76 69 74 65 64 |, Stalin| invited|
|00000270| 20 43 68 75 72 63 68 69 | 6c 6c 20 74 6f 20 68 69 | Churchi|ll to hi|
|00000280| 73 0d 0a 71 75 61 72 74 | 65 72 73 20 66 6f 72 20 |s..quart|ers for |
|00000290| 64 72 69 6e 6b 73 2e 20 | 41 66 74 65 72 20 74 68 |drinks. |After th|
|000002a0| 65 20 64 72 69 6e 6b 73 | 2c 20 61 66 74 65 72 20 |e drinks|, after |
|000002b0| 61 6e 20 69 6d 70 72 6f | 76 69 73 65 64 20 62 75 |an impro|vised bu|
|000002c0| 74 0d 0a 65 78 63 65 6c | 6c 65 6e 74 20 64 69 6e |t..excel|lent din|
|000002d0| 6e 65 72 20 77 69 74 68 | 20 66 69 6e 65 20 77 69 |ner with| fine wi|
|000002e0| 6e 65 73 2c 20 61 6e 64 | 20 61 66 74 65 72 20 74 |nes, and| after t|
|000002f0| 68 65 20 69 63 65 20 77 | 61 73 20 62 72 6f 6b 65 |he ice w|as broke|
|00000300| 6e 2c 0d 0a 43 68 75 72 | 63 68 69 6c 6c 20 67 6f |n,..Chur|chill go|
|00000310| 74 20 53 74 61 6c 69 6e | 20 74 6f 20 74 61 6c 6b |t Stalin| to talk|
|00000320| 69 6e 67 20 61 62 6f 75 | 74 20 74 68 65 20 62 6c |ing abou|t the bl|
|00000330| 6f 6f 64 79 20 6c 69 71 | 75 69 64 61 74 69 6f 6e |oody liq|uidation|
|00000340| 20 6f 66 0d 0a 74 68 65 | 20 6b 75 6c 61 6b 73 2e | of..the| kulaks.|
|00000350| 0d 0a 0d 0a 20 20 20 20 | 20 22 54 65 6e 20 6d 69 |....    | "Ten mi|
|00000360| 6c 6c 69 6f 6e 73 2c 22 | 20 73 61 69 64 20 53 74 |llions,"| said St|
|00000370| 61 6c 69 6e 2c 20 68 6f | 6c 64 69 6e 67 20 75 70 |alin, ho|lding up|
|00000380| 20 68 69 73 20 68 61 6e | 64 73 20 77 69 74 68 0d | his han|ds with.|
|00000390| 0a 73 74 75 62 62 79 20 | 66 69 6e 67 65 72 73 20 |.stubby |fingers |
|000003a0| 65 78 74 65 6e 64 65 64 | 2e 20 22 49 74 20 77 61 |extended|. "It wa|
|000003b0| 73 20 66 65 61 72 66 75 | 6c 2e 20 46 6f 75 72 20 |s fearfu|l. Four |
|000003c0| 79 65 61 72 73 20 69 74 | 20 6c 61 73 74 65 64 2e |years it| lasted.|
|000003d0| 22 0d 0a 0d 0a 20 20 20 | 20 20 4a 6f 73 65 70 68 |"....   |  Joseph|
|000003e0| 20 53 74 61 6c 69 6e 20 | 6e 65 76 65 72 20 67 61 | Stalin |never ga|
|000003f0| 76 65 20 75 70 20 6b 69 | 6c 6c 69 6e 67 20 70 65 |ve up ki|lling pe|
|00000400| 6f 70 6c 65 2e 20 49 74 | 20 77 61 73 20 61 6c 77 |ople. It| was alw|
|00000410| 61 79 73 0d 0a 6e 65 63 | 65 73 73 61 72 79 20 69 |ays..nec|essary i|
|00000420| 6e 20 74 68 65 20 6b 69 | 6e 64 20 6f 66 20 72 65 |n the ki|nd of re|
|00000430| 67 69 6d 65 20 68 65 20 | 72 61 6e 2e 20 48 65 20 |gime he |ran. He |
|00000440| 6b 69 6c 6c 65 64 20 75 | 6e 74 69 6c 20 68 65 20 |killed u|ntil he |
|00000450| 64 69 65 64 2e 0d 0a 48 | 65 20 6b 69 6c 6c 65 64 |died...H|e killed|
|00000460| 20 6d 65 74 68 6f 64 69 | 63 61 6c 6c 79 2c 20 61 | methodi|cally, a|
|00000470| 6c 6d 6f 73 74 20 61 73 | 20 69 66 20 74 6f 20 73 |lmost as| if to s|
|00000480| 61 79 3a 20 6e 6f 74 68 | 69 6e 67 20 70 65 72 73 |ay: noth|ing pers|
|00000490| 6f 6e 61 6c 2c 0d 0a 6d | 65 72 65 6c 79 20 69 6e |onal,..m|erely in|
|000004a0| 65 76 69 74 61 62 6c 65 | 2e 20 4f 72 20 77 61 73 |evitable|. Or was|
|000004b0| 20 74 68 61 74 20 61 6c | 6c 3f 20 22 53 74 61 6c | that al|l? "Stal|
|000004c0| 69 6e 27 73 20 2e 20 2e | 20 2e 20 73 70 69 74 65 |in's . .| . spite|
|000004d0| 2c 22 20 77 72 6f 74 65 | 0d 0a 4c 65 6e 69 6e 2c |," wrote|..Lenin,|
|000004e0| 20 22 2e 20 2e 20 2e 20 | 69 73 20 61 20 6d 6f 73 | ". . . |is a mos|
|000004f0| 74 20 65 76 69 6c 20 66 | 61 63 74 6f 72 20 69 6e |t evil f|actor in|
|00000500| 20 70 6f 6c 69 74 69 63 | 73 2e 22 20 53 61 69 64 | politic|s." Said|
|00000510| 20 54 72 6f 74 73 6b 79 | 3a 0d 0a 22 48 65 20 69 | Trotsky|:.."He i|
|00000520| 73 20 61 20 6b 69 6e 64 | 20 6f 66 20 6f 70 70 6f |s a kind| of oppo|
|00000530| 72 74 75 6e 69 73 74 20 | 77 69 74 68 20 61 20 62 |rtunist |with a b|
|00000540| 6f 6d 62 2e 22 20 49 6e | 20 74 68 65 20 6f 75 74 |omb." In| the out|
|00000550| 65 72 20 77 6f 72 6c 64 | 2c 20 69 6e 0d 0a 74 68 |er world|, in..th|
|00000560| 6f 73 65 20 64 61 79 73 | 2c 20 6d 61 6e 79 20 69 |ose days|, many i|
|00000570| 6e 74 65 6c 6c 65 63 74 | 75 61 6c 73 20 65 78 63 |ntellect|uals exc|
|00000580| 75 73 65 64 20 53 74 61 | 6c 69 6e 27 73 20 6d 65 |used Sta|lin's me|
|00000590| 74 68 6f 64 69 63 61 6c | 0d 0a 73 6c 61 75 67 68 |thodical|..slaugh|
|000005a0| 74 65 72 20 61 73 20 61 | 20 6e 65 63 65 73 73 61 |ter as a| necessa|
|000005b0| 72 79 20 66 69 72 73 74 | 20 73 74 65 70 20 74 6f |ry first| step to|
|000005c0| 77 61 72 64 20 61 20 43 | 6f 6d 6d 75 6e 69 73 74 |ward a C|ommunist|
|000005d0| 20 70 61 72 61 64 69 73 | 65 0d 0a 6f 6e 20 65 61 | paradis|e..on ea|
|000005e0| 72 74 68 2e 0d 0a 0d 0a | 20 20 20 20 20 43 61 6c |rth.....|     Cal|
|000005f0| 6d 20 26 20 43 75 6e 6e | 69 6e 67 2e 20 4a 75 64 |m & Cunn|ing. Jud|
|00000600| 67 6d 65 6e 74 73 20 6f | 6e 20 53 74 61 6c 69 6e |gments o|n Stalin|
|00000610| 20 76 61 72 69 65 64 20 | 61 73 74 6f 6e 69 73 68 | varied |astonish|
|00000620| 69 6e 67 6c 79 0d 0a 61 | 6d 6f 6e 67 20 74 68 6f |ingly..a|mong tho|
|00000630| 73 65 20 66 72 65 65 20 | 74 6f 20 61 73 73 65 73 |se free |to asses|
|00000640| 73 20 68 69 6d 20 2d 2d | 20 6f 75 74 73 69 64 65 |s him --| outside|
|00000650| 72 73 20 77 68 6f 20 73 | 61 77 20 68 69 6d 2c 0d |rs who s|aw him,.|
|00000660| 0a 63 6f 6d 70 61 74 72 | 69 6f 74 73 20 77 68 6f |.compatr|iots who|
|00000670| 20 62 72 6f 6b 65 20 77 | 69 74 68 20 68 69 6d 2e | broke w|ith him.|
|00000680| 20 55 2e 53 2e 20 42 75 | 73 69 6e 65 73 73 6d 61 | U.S. Bu|sinessma|
|00000690| 6e 20 44 6f 6e 61 6c 64 | 20 4e 65 6c 73 6f 6e 2c |n Donald| Nelson,|
|000006a0| 0d 0a 63 61 75 67 68 74 | 20 75 70 20 69 6e 20 74 |..caught| up in t|
|000006b0| 68 65 20 68 65 61 64 79 | 20 74 72 61 6e 73 61 63 |he heady| transac|
|000006c0| 74 69 6f 6e 73 20 6f 66 | 20 4c 65 6e 64 2d 4c 65 |tions of| Lend-Le|
|000006d0| 61 73 65 2c 20 66 6f 75 | 6e 64 20 53 74 61 6c 69 |ase, fou|nd Stali|
|000006e0| 6e 0d 0a 22 61 20 72 65 | 67 75 6c 61 72 20 66 65 |n.."a re|gular fe|
|000006f0| 6c 6c 6f 77 2c 20 61 6e | 64 20 61 20 76 65 72 79 |llow, an|d a very|
|00000700| 20 66 72 69 65 6e 64 6c | 79 20 73 6f 72 74 20 6f | friendl|y sort o|
|00000710| 66 20 66 65 6c 6c 6f 77 | 2c 20 69 6e 20 66 61 63 |f fellow|, in fac|
|00000720| 74 2e 22 0d 0a 22 48 65 | 20 69 73 20 74 68 65 20 |t.".."He| is the |
|00000730| 6d 6f 73 74 20 76 69 6e | 64 69 63 74 69 76 65 20 |most vin|dictive |
|00000740| 6d 61 6e 20 6f 6e 20 65 | 61 72 74 68 2c 22 20 73 |man on e|arth," s|
|00000750| 61 69 64 20 4c 65 6f 6e | 69 64 0d 0a 53 65 72 65 |aid Leon|id..Sere|
|00000760| 62 72 69 61 6b 6f 76 2c | 20 77 68 6f 20 68 61 64 |briakov,| who had|
|00000770| 20 6b 6e 6f 77 6e 20 53 | 74 61 6c 69 6e 20 66 6f | known S|talin fo|
|00000780| 72 20 79 65 61 72 73 2e | 20 22 49 66 20 68 65 20 |r years.| "If he |
|00000790| 6c 69 76 65 73 20 6c 6f | 6e 67 0d 0a 65 6e 6f 75 |lives lo|ng..enou|
|000007a0| 67 68 2c 20 68 65 20 77 | 69 6c 6c 20 67 65 74 20 |gh, he w|ill get |
|000007b0| 65 76 65 72 79 20 6f 6e | 65 20 6f 66 20 75 73 20 |every on|e of us |
|000007c0| 77 68 6f 20 65 76 65 72 | 20 69 6e 6a 75 72 65 64 |who ever| injured|
|000007d0| 20 68 69 6d 20 69 6e 0d | 0a 73 70 65 65 63 68 20 | him in.|.speech |
|000007e0| 6f 72 20 61 63 74 69 6f | 6e 2e 22 20 53 74 61 6c |or actio|n." Stal|
|000007f0| 69 6e 20 70 75 72 67 65 | 64 20 53 65 72 65 62 72 |in purge|d Serebr|
|00000800| 69 61 6b 6f 76 2c 20 61 | 6c 6f 6e 67 20 77 69 74 |iakov, a|long wit|
|00000810| 68 20 73 6f 6d 65 0d 0a | 6d 69 6c 6c 69 6f 6e 73 |h some..|millions|
|00000820| 20 6f 66 20 6f 74 68 65 | 72 73 2c 20 69 6e 20 31 | of othe|rs, in 1|
|00000830| 39 33 37 2e 20 57 72 6f | 74 65 20 73 74 61 72 72 |937. Wro|te starr|
|00000840| 79 2d 65 79 65 64 20 4a | 6f 73 65 70 68 20 45 2e |y-eyed J|oseph E.|
|00000850| 20 28 4d 69 73 73 69 6f | 6e 0d 0a 74 6f 20 4d 6f | (Missio|n..to Mo|
|00000860| 73 63 6f 77 29 20 44 61 | 76 69 65 73 2c 20 77 68 |scow) Da|vies, wh|
|00000870| 6f 20 77 61 73 20 55 2e | 53 2e 20 41 6d 62 61 73 |o was U.|S. Ambas|
|00000880| 73 61 64 6f 72 20 64 75 | 72 69 6e 67 20 74 68 65 |sador du|ring the|
|00000890| 20 70 75 72 67 65 73 3a | 0d 0a 22 48 69 73 20 62 | purges:|.."His b|
|000008a0| 72 6f 77 6e 20 65 79 65 | 73 20 61 72 65 20 65 78 |rown eye|s are ex|
|000008b0| 63 65 65 64 69 6e 67 6c | 79 20 6b 69 6e 64 20 61 |ceedingl|y kind a|
|000008c0| 6e 64 20 67 65 6e 74 6c | 65 2e 20 41 20 63 68 69 |nd gentl|e. A chi|
|000008d0| 6c 64 20 77 6f 75 6c 64 | 0d 0a 6c 69 6b 65 20 74 |ld would|..like t|
|000008e0| 6f 20 73 69 74 20 6f 6e | 20 68 69 73 20 6b 6e 65 |o sit on| his kne|
|000008f0| 65 2e 22 0d 0a 0d 0a 20 | 20 20 20 20 41 20 68 61 |e.".... |    A ha|
|00000900| 62 69 74 75 61 6c 20 64 | 6f 6f 64 6c 65 72 20 77 |bitual d|oodler w|
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|00000920| 73 2c 20 67 69 72 6c 73 | 2c 20 63 61 73 74 6c 65 |s, girls|, castle|
|00000930| 73 20 61 6e 64 0d 0a 74 | 68 65 20 77 6f 72 64 20 |s and..t|he word |
|00000940| 22 4c 65 6e 69 6e 22 20 | 6f 6e 20 70 61 70 65 72 |"Lenin" |on paper|
|00000950| 20 70 61 64 73 20 64 75 | 72 69 6e 67 20 63 6f 6e | pads du|ring con|
|00000960| 66 65 72 65 6e 63 65 73 | 20 61 6e 64 20 69 6e 74 |ferences| and int|
|00000970| 65 72 76 69 65 77 73 2c | 0d 0a 53 74 61 6c 69 6e |erviews,|..Stalin|
|00000980| 20 67 61 76 65 20 74 68 | 65 20 69 6d 70 72 65 73 | gave th|e impres|
|00000990| 73 69 6f 6e 20 6f 66 20 | 69 6d 70 61 73 73 69 76 |sion of |impassiv|
|000009a0| 65 20 63 61 6c 6d 2e 20 | 42 75 74 20 61 20 54 69 |e calm. |But a Ti|
|000009b0| 74 6f 20 61 69 64 65 0d | 0a 6f 6e 63 65 20 73 61 |to aide.|.once sa|
|000009c0| 77 20 68 69 6d 20 61 6e | 67 72 79 3a 20 22 48 65 |w him an|gry: "He|
|000009d0| 20 74 72 65 6d 62 6c 65 | 64 20 77 69 74 68 20 72 | tremble|d with r|
|000009e0| 61 67 65 2c 20 68 65 20 | 73 68 6f 75 74 65 64 2c |age, he |shouted,|
|000009f0| 20 68 69 73 0d 0a 66 65 | 61 74 75 72 65 73 20 64 | his..fe|atures d|
|00000a00| 69 73 74 6f 72 74 65 64 | 2c 20 68 65 20 73 68 61 |istorted|, he sha|
|00000a10| 72 70 6c 79 20 6d 6f 74 | 69 6f 6e 65 64 20 77 69 |rply mot|ioned wi|
|00000a20| 74 68 20 68 69 73 20 68 | 61 6e 64 20 61 6e 64 20 |th his h|and and |
|00000a30| 70 6f 75 72 65 64 0d 0a | 69 6e 76 65 63 74 69 76 |poured..|invectiv|
|00000a40| 65 20 69 6e 74 6f 20 74 | 68 65 20 66 61 63 65 20 |e into t|he face |
|00000a50| 6f 66 20 68 69 73 20 73 | 65 63 72 65 74 61 72 79 |of his s|ecretary|
|00000a60| 20 77 68 6f 20 77 61 73 | 20 74 72 65 6d 62 6c 69 | who was| trembli|
|00000a70| 6e 67 20 61 6e 64 0d 0a | 70 61 6c 69 6e 67 20 61 |ng and..|paling a|
|00000a80| 73 20 69 66 20 73 74 72 | 75 63 6b 20 62 79 20 68 |s if str|uck by h|
|00000a90| 65 61 72 74 20 66 61 69 | 6c 75 72 65 2e 22 20 57 |eart fai|lure." W|
|00000aa0| 72 6f 74 65 20 42 69 6f | 67 72 61 70 68 65 72 20 |rote Bio|grapher |
|00000ab0| 42 6f 72 69 73 0d 0a 53 | 6f 75 76 61 72 69 6e 65 |Boris..S|ouvarine|
|00000ac0| 3a 20 22 54 68 69 73 20 | 72 65 70 75 6c 73 69 76 |: "This |repulsiv|
|00000ad0| 65 20 63 68 61 72 61 63 | 74 65 72 20 2e 20 2e 20 |e charac|ter . . |
|00000ae0| 2e 20 63 75 6e 6e 69 6e | 67 2c 20 63 72 61 66 74 |. cunnin|g, craft|
|00000af0| 79 2c 0d 0a 74 72 65 61 | 63 68 65 72 6f 75 73 20 |y,..trea|cherous |
|00000b00| 62 75 74 20 61 6c 73 6f | 20 62 72 75 74 61 6c 2c |but also| brutal,|
|00000b10| 20 76 69 6f 6c 65 6e 74 | 2c 20 69 6d 70 6c 61 63 | violent|, implac|
|00000b20| 61 62 6c 65 20 2e 20 2e | 20 2e 22 20 53 61 69 64 |able . .| ." Said|
|00000b30| 0d 0a 46 6c 65 65 74 20 | 41 64 6d 69 72 61 6c 20 |..Fleet |Admiral |
|00000b40| 57 69 6c 6c 69 61 6d 20 | 44 2e 20 4c 65 61 68 79 |William |D. Leahy|
|00000b50| 2c 20 77 68 6f 20 6d 65 | 74 20 53 74 61 6c 69 6e |, who me|t Stalin|
|00000b60| 20 61 74 20 74 68 65 20 | 54 65 68 65 72 61 6e 0d | at the |Teheran.|
|00000b70| 0a 63 6f 6e 66 65 72 65 | 6e 63 65 3a 20 22 4d 6f |.confere|nce: "Mo|
|00000b80| 73 74 20 6f 66 20 75 73 | 2c 20 62 65 66 6f 72 65 |st of us|, before|
|00000b90| 20 77 65 20 6d 65 74 20 | 68 69 6d 2c 20 74 68 6f | we met |him, tho|
|00000ba0| 75 67 68 74 20 68 65 20 | 77 61 73 20 61 0d 0a 62 |ught he |was a..b|
|00000bb0| 61 6e 64 69 74 20 6c 65 | 61 64 65 72 20 77 68 6f |andit le|ader who|
|00000bc0| 20 68 61 64 20 70 75 73 | 68 65 64 20 68 69 6d 73 | had pus|hed hims|
|00000bd0| 65 6c 66 20 74 6f 20 74 | 68 65 20 74 6f 70 20 6f |elf to t|he top o|
|00000be0| 66 20 68 69 73 0d 0a 67 | 6f 76 65 72 6e 6d 65 6e |f his..g|overnmen|
|00000bf0| 74 2e 20 54 68 61 74 20 | 69 6d 70 72 65 73 73 69 |t. That |impressi|
|00000c00| 6f 6e 20 77 61 73 20 77 | 72 6f 6e 67 2e 20 57 65 |on was w|rong. We|
|00000c10| 20 6b 6e 65 77 20 61 74 | 20 6f 6e 63 65 20 74 68 | knew at| once th|
|00000c20| 61 74 20 77 65 0d 0a 77 | 65 72 65 20 64 65 61 6c |at we..w|ere deal|
|00000c30| 69 6e 67 20 77 69 74 68 | 20 61 20 68 69 67 68 6c |ing with| a highl|
|00000c40| 79 20 69 6e 74 65 6c 6c | 69 67 65 6e 74 20 6d 61 |y intell|igent ma|
|00000c50| 6e 20 2e 20 2e 20 2e 22 | 20 53 61 69 64 20 43 68 |n . . ."| Said Ch|
|00000c60| 75 72 63 68 69 6c 6c 3a | 0d 0a 22 53 74 61 6c 69 |urchill:|.."Stali|
|00000c70| 6e 20 6c 65 66 74 20 75 | 70 6f 6e 20 6d 65 20 61 |n left u|pon me a|
|00000c80| 6e 20 69 6d 70 72 65 73 | 73 69 6f 6e 20 6f 66 20 |n impres|sion of |
|00000c90| 64 65 65 70 2c 20 63 6f | 6f 6c 20 77 69 73 64 6f |deep, co|ol wisdo|
|00000ca0| 6d 20 61 6e 64 0d 0a 61 | 62 73 65 6e 63 65 20 6f |m and..a|bsence o|
|00000cb0| 66 20 69 6c 6c 75 73 69 | 6f 6e 73 2c 22 20 61 64 |f illusi|ons," ad|
|00000cc0| 64 65 64 20 74 68 61 74 | 20 68 65 20 68 61 64 20 |ded that| he had |
|00000cd0| 22 61 20 76 65 72 79 20 | 63 61 70 74 69 76 61 74 |"a very |captivat|
|00000ce0| 69 6e 67 0d 0a 6d 61 6e | 6e 65 72 20 77 68 65 6e |ing..man|ner when|
|00000cf0| 20 68 65 20 63 68 6f 6f | 73 65 73 20 2e 20 2e 20 | he choo|ses . . |
|00000d00| 2e 22 20 53 61 69 64 20 | 52 6f 6f 73 65 76 65 6c |." Said |Roosevel|
|00000d10| 74 3a 20 22 41 6c 74 6f | 67 65 74 68 65 72 2c 20 |t: "Alto|gether, |
|00000d20| 71 75 69 74 65 0d 0a 69 | 6d 70 72 65 73 73 69 76 |quite..i|mpressiv|
|00000d30| 65 2c 20 49 27 64 20 73 | 61 79 2e 22 0d 0a 0d 0a |e, I'd s|ay."....|
|00000d40| 20 20 20 20 20 50 6f 6c | 61 72 20 42 65 61 72 20 |     Pol|ar Bear |
|00000d50| 45 72 65 63 74 2e 20 53 | 74 61 6c 69 6e 20 77 61 |Erect. S|talin wa|
|00000d60| 73 20 61 20 73 6d 61 6c | 6c 2c 20 75 6e 68 61 6e |s a smal|l, unhan|
|00000d70| 64 73 6f 6d 65 20 6d 61 | 6e 2e 0d 0a 56 69 73 69 |dsome ma|n...Visi|
|00000d80| 74 6f 72 73 20 77 65 72 | 65 20 61 6c 77 61 79 73 |tors wer|e always|
|00000d90| 20 73 75 72 70 72 69 73 | 65 64 20 68 65 20 77 61 | surpris|ed he wa|
|00000da0| 73 20 73 6f 20 73 68 6f | 72 74 2c 20 67 75 65 73 |s so sho|rt, gues|
|00000db0| 73 65 64 20 68 69 73 0d | 0a 68 65 69 67 68 74 20 |sed his.|.height |
|00000dc0| 61 74 20 35 20 66 74 2e | 20 34 20 69 6e 2e 2c 20 |at 5 ft.| 4 in., |
|00000dd0| 68 69 73 20 77 65 69 67 | 68 74 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 |his weig|ht from |
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|00001460| 0d 0a 54 69 66 6c 69 73 | 2e 20 48 65 72 20 61 6d |..Tiflis|. Her am|
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|000016c0| 2d 43 61 75 63 61 73 69 | 61 6e 0d 0a 46 65 64 65 |-Caucasi|an..Fede|
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|00001710| 0a 0d 0a 20 20 20 20 20 | 53 69 62 65 72 69 61 20 |...     |Siberia |
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|000017e0| 20 6f 6e 20 65 69 74 68 | 65 72 20 73 69 64 65 2e | on eith|er side.|
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|00001890| 65 66 65 61 74 20 62 79 | 20 4a 61 70 61 6e 20 69 |efeat by| Japan i|
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|00001940| 69 6e 20 54 69 66 6c 69 | 73 2e 0d 0a 48 65 72 65 |in Tifli|s...Here|
|00001950| 20 68 65 20 6d 61 72 72 | 69 65 64 20 4b 61 74 65 | he marr|ied Kate|
|00001960| 72 69 6e 61 20 53 76 61 | 6e 69 64 7a 65 2c 20 61 |rina Sva|nidze, a|
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|00001980| 72 67 69 61 6e 20 67 69 | 72 6c 2c 0d 0a 77 68 6f |rgian gi|rl,..who|
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|000019a0| 20 59 61 6b 6f 76 2e 20 | 49 74 20 77 61 73 20 61 | Yakov. |It was a|
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|000046f0| 0d 0a 0d 0a 20 20 20 20 | 20 54 6f 20 4b 61 6d 65 |....    | To Kame|
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|000051d0| 66 61 63 74 6f 72 69 65 | 73 20 61 6e 64 0d 0a 73 |factorie|s and..s|
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|00005230| 20 6d 65 74 61 6c 20 77 | 61 73 20 63 61 6c 6c 65 | metal w|as calle|
|00005240| 64 20 53 74 61 6c 69 6e | 69 74 65 2c 20 61 6e 20 |d Stalin|ite, an |
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|00005260| 0d 0a 53 74 61 6c 69 6e | 63 68 69 64 2e 20 43 68 |..Stalin|chid. Ch|
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|00005290| 65 76 65 72 79 20 6d 6f | 72 6e 69 6e 67 0d 0a 73 |every mo|rning..s|
|000052a0| 61 79 69 6e 67 3a 20 22 | 54 68 61 6e 6b 20 43 6f |aying: "|Thank Co|
|000052b0| 6d 72 61 64 65 20 53 74 | 61 6c 69 6e 20 66 6f 72 |mrade St|alin for|
|000052c0| 20 74 68 69 73 20 68 61 | 70 70 79 20 6c 69 66 65 | this ha|ppy life|
|000052d0| 2e 22 0d 0a 0d 0a 20 20 | 20 20 20 54 68 65 20 53 |."....  |   The S|
|000052e0| 74 61 6c 69 6e 20 6d 79 | 74 68 20 77 61 73 20 69 |talin my|th was i|
|000052f0| 6e 20 77 6f 72 6b 69 6e | 67 20 6f 72 64 65 72 20 |n workin|g order |
|00005300| 6a 75 73 74 20 69 6e 20 | 74 69 6d 65 20 66 6f 72 |just in |time for|
|00005310| 20 74 68 65 0d 0a 53 6f | 76 69 65 74 20 50 61 63 | the..So|viet Pac|
|00005320| 74 20 77 69 74 68 20 48 | 69 74 6c 65 72 20 69 6e |t with H|itler in|
|00005330| 20 31 39 33 39 2c 20 61 | 6e 64 20 69 74 20 73 75 | 1939, a|nd it su|
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|00005360| 54 68 65 20 67 72 65 61 | 74 20 53 74 61 6c 69 6e |The grea|t Stalin|
|00005370| 20 6d 79 74 68 20 64 69 | 64 20 6e 6f 74 20 70 72 | myth di|d not pr|
|00005380| 65 76 65 6e 74 20 74 68 | 65 20 47 65 72 6d 61 6e |event th|e German|
|00005390| 0d 0a 61 72 6d 79 20 66 | 72 6f 6d 20 73 77 65 65 |..army f|rom swee|
|000053a0| 70 69 6e 67 20 74 68 72 | 6f 75 67 68 20 77 65 73 |ping thr|ough wes|
|000053b0| 74 65 72 6e 20 52 75 73 | 73 69 61 20 6c 65 73 73 |tern Rus|sia less|
|000053c0| 20 74 68 61 6e 20 74 77 | 6f 20 79 65 61 72 73 0d | than tw|o years.|
|000053d0| 0a 6c 61 74 65 72 2e 20 | 49 6e 20 74 68 65 20 73 |.later. |In the s|
|000053e0| 70 61 63 65 20 6f 66 20 | 66 6f 75 72 20 6d 6f 6e |pace of |four mon|
|000053f0| 74 68 73 20 69 74 20 68 | 61 64 20 72 65 61 63 68 |ths it h|ad reach|
|00005400| 65 64 20 74 68 65 20 6f | 75 74 73 6b 69 72 74 73 |ed the o|utskirts|
|00005410| 0d 0a 6f 66 20 4d 6f 73 | 63 6f 77 20 61 6e 64 20 |..of Mos|cow and |
|00005420| 4c 65 6e 69 6e 67 72 61 | 64 3a 20 61 20 66 65 61 |Leningra|d: a fea|
|00005430| 74 20 6d 61 64 65 20 70 | 6f 73 73 69 62 6c 65 2c |t made p|ossible,|
|00005440| 20 69 6e 20 70 61 72 74 | 2c 20 62 79 20 74 68 65 | in part|, by the|
|00005450| 0d 0a 64 65 66 65 63 74 | 69 6f 6e 20 6f 66 20 68 |..defect|ion of h|
|00005460| 75 6e 64 72 65 64 73 20 | 6f 66 20 53 74 61 6c 69 |undreds |of Stali|
|00005470| 6e 2d 68 61 74 69 6e 67 | 20 52 75 73 73 69 61 6e |n-hating| Russian|
|00005480| 20 67 65 6e 65 72 61 6c | 73 20 61 6e 64 20 74 68 | general|s and th|
|00005490| 65 0d 0a 73 75 72 72 65 | 6e 64 65 72 20 6f 66 20 |e..surre|nder of |
|000054a0| 34 2c 30 30 30 2c 30 30 | 30 20 70 65 61 73 61 6e |4,000,00|0 peasan|
|000054b0| 74 20 73 6f 6c 64 69 65 | 72 73 2e 20 42 75 74 20 |t soldie|rs. But |
|000054c0| 6f 74 68 65 72 20 6d 69 | 6c 6c 69 6f 6e 73 20 6f |other mi|llions o|
|000054d0| 66 0d 0a 52 75 73 73 69 | 61 6e 20 73 6f 6c 64 69 |f..Russi|an soldi|
|000054e0| 65 72 73 20 68 65 6c 64 | 20 6f 75 74 2c 20 61 6e |ers held| out, an|
|000054f0| 64 20 73 6f 20 64 69 64 | 20 53 74 61 6c 69 6e 27 |d so did| Stalin'|
|00005500| 73 20 6c 75 63 6b 3a 20 | 47 65 6e 65 72 61 6c 0d |s luck: |General.|
|00005510| 0a 57 69 6e 74 65 72 20 | 73 74 65 70 70 65 64 20 |.Winter |stepped |
|00005520| 69 6e 2c 20 61 73 20 68 | 65 20 68 61 64 20 31 33 |in, as h|e had 13|
|00005530| 30 20 79 65 61 72 73 20 | 62 65 66 6f 72 65 2c 20 |0 years |before, |
|00005540| 77 68 65 6e 20 4e 61 70 | 6f 6c 65 6f 6e 20 77 61 |when Nap|oleon wa|
|00005550| 73 0d 0a 69 6e 20 4d 6f | 73 63 6f 77 2e 0d 0a 0d |s..in Mo|scow....|
|00005560| 0a 20 20 20 20 20 49 6e | 20 77 61 72 2c 20 74 68 |.     In| war, th|
|00005570| 65 20 70 72 6f 70 61 67 | 61 6e 64 61 20 6c 69 6e |e propag|anda lin|
|00005580| 65 20 73 77 69 74 63 68 | 65 64 3a 20 74 68 65 20 |e switch|ed: the |
|00005590| 6f 6c 64 20 4d 61 72 78 | 69 73 74 0d 0a 73 6c 6f |old Marx|ist..slo|
|000055a0| 67 61 6e 73 20 77 65 72 | 65 20 64 72 6f 70 70 65 |gans wer|e droppe|
|000055b0| 64 2c 20 74 68 65 20 65 | 6d 70 68 61 73 69 73 20 |d, the e|mphasis |
|000055c0| 77 61 73 20 6f 6e 20 6e | 61 74 69 6f 6e 61 6c 20 |was on n|ational |
|000055d0| 70 61 74 72 69 6f 74 69 | 73 6d 2e 0d 0a 22 4c 65 |patrioti|sm..."Le|
|000055e0| 74 20 74 68 65 20 6d 61 | 6e 6c 79 20 69 6d 61 67 |t the ma|nly imag|
|000055f0| 65 73 20 6f 66 20 6f 75 | 72 20 67 72 65 61 74 20 |es of ou|r great |
|00005600| 61 6e 63 65 73 74 6f 72 | 73 20 2d 2d 20 41 6c 65 |ancestor|s -- Ale|
|00005610| 78 61 6e 64 65 72 20 4e | 65 76 73 6b 79 2c 0d 0a |xander N|evsky,..|
|00005620| 44 69 6d 69 74 72 69 20 | 50 6f 7a 68 61 72 73 6b |Dimitri |Pozharsk|
|00005630| 79 2c 20 41 6c 65 78 61 | 6e 64 65 72 20 53 75 76 |y, Alexa|nder Suv|
|00005640| 6f 72 6f 76 2c 20 61 6e | 64 20 4d 69 6b 68 61 69 |orov, an|d Mikhai|
|00005650| 6c 20 4b 75 74 75 7a 6f | 76 20 2d 2d 0d 0a 69 6e |l Kutuzo|v --..in|
|00005660| 73 70 69 72 65 20 79 6f | 75 21 22 20 65 78 68 6f |spire yo|u!" exho|
|00005670| 72 74 65 64 20 53 74 61 | 6c 69 6e 2e 20 41 74 20 |rted Sta|lin. At |
|00005680| 74 68 69 73 20 70 6f 69 | 6e 74 20 74 68 65 20 63 |this poi|nt the c|
|00005690| 72 75 65 6c 2c 0d 0a 63 | 75 6d 62 65 72 73 6f 6d |ruel,..c|umbersom|
|000056a0| 65 20 66 69 76 65 2d 79 | 65 61 72 20 69 6e 64 75 |e five-y|ear indu|
|000056b0| 73 74 72 69 61 6c 69 7a | 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 70 6c |strializ|ation pl|
|000056c0| 61 6e 73 20 70 61 69 64 | 20 6f 66 66 2e 20 44 75 |ans paid| off. Du|
|000056d0| 72 69 6e 67 20 74 68 65 | 0d 0a 6c 6f 6e 67 20 77 |ring the|..long w|
|000056e0| 69 6e 74 65 72 20 6f 66 | 20 31 39 34 31 2d 34 32 |inter of| 1941-42|
|000056f0| 2c 20 67 75 6e 73 2c 20 | 74 61 6e 6b 73 20 61 6e |, guns, |tanks an|
|00005700| 64 20 70 6c 61 6e 65 73 | 20 63 61 6d 65 20 72 6f |d planes| came ro|
|00005710| 6c 6c 69 6e 67 20 6f 75 | 74 0d 0a 6f 66 20 74 68 |lling ou|t..of th|
|00005720| 65 20 55 72 61 6c 20 66 | 61 63 74 6f 72 69 65 73 |e Ural f|actories|
|00005730| 2c 20 74 6f 20 62 65 20 | 73 75 70 70 6c 65 6d 65 |, to be |suppleme|
|00005740| 6e 74 65 64 20 6c 61 74 | 65 72 20 62 79 20 61 20 |nted lat|er by a |
|00005750| 73 74 72 65 61 6d 20 6f | 66 0d 0a 61 72 6d 61 6d |stream o|f..armam|
|00005760| 65 6e 74 73 20 66 72 6f | 6d 20 74 68 65 20 55 2e |ents fro|m the U.|
|00005770| 53 2e 20 61 6e 64 20 42 | 72 69 74 61 69 6e 2e 20 |S. and B|ritain. |
|00005780| 54 6f 20 61 20 55 2e 53 | 2e 20 76 69 73 69 74 6f |To a U.S|. visito|
|00005790| 72 20 77 68 6f 0d 0a 65 | 78 70 6c 61 69 6e 65 64 |r who..e|xplained|
|000057a0| 20 74 68 61 74 20 73 74 | 72 69 6b 65 73 20 77 65 | that st|rikes we|
|000057b0| 72 65 20 68 6f 6c 64 69 | 6e 67 20 75 70 20 55 2e |re holdi|ng up U.|
|000057c0| 53 2e 20 77 61 72 20 70 | 72 6f 64 75 63 74 69 6f |S. war p|roductio|
|000057d0| 6e 2c 0d 0a 53 74 61 6c | 69 6e 20 73 6e 61 70 70 |n,..Stal|in snapp|
|000057e0| 65 64 3a 20 22 44 6f 6e | 27 74 20 79 6f 75 20 68 |ed: "Don|'t you h|
|000057f0| 61 76 65 20 70 6f 6c 69 | 63 65 3f 22 0d 0a 0d 0a |ave poli|ce?"....|
|00005800| 20 20 20 20 20 54 68 61 | 74 20 77 69 6e 74 65 72 |     Tha|t winter|
|00005810| 20 53 74 61 6c 69 6e 20 | 63 72 65 61 74 65 64 20 | Stalin |created |
|00005820| 61 20 6e 65 77 20 61 72 | 6d 79 20 62 79 20 64 72 |a new ar|my by dr|
|00005830| 61 66 74 69 6e 67 20 65 | 76 65 72 79 0d 0a 61 62 |afting e|very..ab|
|00005840| 6c 65 2d 62 6f 64 69 65 | 64 20 6d 61 6e 20 26 20 |le-bodie|d man & |
|00005850| 77 6f 6d 61 6e 20 69 6e | 20 52 75 73 73 69 61 2e |woman in| Russia.|
|00005860| 20 46 72 6f 6d 20 74 68 | 65 20 4b 72 65 6d 6c 69 | From th|e Kremli|
|00005870| 6e 2c 20 77 68 69 63 68 | 20 68 65 0d 0a 6e 65 76 |n, which| he..nev|
|00005880| 65 72 20 6c 65 66 74 2c | 20 68 65 20 64 69 72 65 |er left,| he dire|
|00005890| 63 74 65 64 20 74 68 65 | 20 66 69 67 68 74 69 6e |cted the| fightin|
|000058a0| 67 2e 20 22 4e 6f 20 6d | 61 74 74 65 72 20 68 6f |g. "No m|atter ho|
|000058b0| 77 20 74 68 65 79 20 63 | 72 79 20 61 6e 64 0d 0a |w they c|ry and..|
|000058c0| 63 6f 6d 70 6c 61 69 6e | 2c 22 20 68 65 20 74 6f |complain|," he to|
|000058d0| 6c 64 20 43 68 69 65 66 | 20 6f 66 20 53 74 61 66 |ld Chief| of Staf|
|000058e0| 66 20 56 61 73 73 69 6c | 65 76 73 6b 79 2c 20 77 |f Vassil|evsky, w|
|000058f0| 68 65 6e 20 68 61 72 64 | 2d 70 72 65 73 73 65 64 |hen hard|-pressed|
|00005900| 0d 0a 67 65 6e 65 72 61 | 6c 73 20 77 65 72 65 20 |..genera|ls were |
|00005910| 63 61 6c 6c 69 6e 67 20 | 66 6f 72 20 68 65 6c 70 |calling |for help|
|00005920| 20 61 74 20 53 74 61 6c | 69 6e 67 72 61 64 2c 20 | at Stal|ingrad, |
|00005930| 22 64 6f 6e 27 74 20 70 | 72 6f 6d 69 73 65 20 74 |"don't p|romise t|
|00005940| 68 65 6d 0d 0a 61 6e 79 | 20 72 65 73 65 72 76 65 |hem..any| reserve|
|00005950| 73 2e 20 44 6f 6e 27 74 | 20 67 69 76 65 20 74 68 |s. Don't| give th|
|00005960| 65 6d 20 61 20 73 69 6e | 67 6c 65 20 62 61 74 74 |em a sin|gle batt|
|00005970| 61 6c 69 6f 6e 20 66 72 | 6f 6d 20 74 68 65 20 4d |alion fr|om the M|
|00005980| 6f 73 63 6f 77 0d 0a 66 | 72 6f 6e 74 2e 22 20 4f |oscow..f|ront." O|
|00005990| 6e 20 61 20 4b 72 65 6d | 6c 69 6e 20 76 69 73 69 |n a Krem|lin visi|
|000059a0| 74 20 73 68 6f 72 74 6c | 79 20 62 65 66 6f 72 65 |t shortl|y before|
|000059b0| 20 74 68 65 20 77 61 72 | 27 73 20 65 6e 64 2c 20 | the war|'s end, |
|000059c0| 54 69 74 6f 0d 0a 68 65 | 61 72 64 20 53 74 61 6c |Tito..he|ard Stal|
|000059d0| 69 6e 20 63 61 6c 6c 20 | 75 70 20 4d 61 72 73 68 |in call |up Marsh|
|000059e0| 61 6c 20 4d 61 6c 69 6e | 6f 76 73 6b 79 20 77 68 |al Malin|ovsky wh|
|000059f0| 6f 73 65 20 61 72 6d 79 | 20 68 61 64 20 62 65 65 |ose army| had bee|
|00005a00| 6e 0d 0a 68 61 6c 74 65 | 64 2e 20 22 59 6f 75 27 |n..halte|d. "You'|
|00005a10| 72 65 20 61 73 6c 65 65 | 70 20 74 68 65 72 65 2c |re aslee|p there,|
|00005a20| 20 61 73 6c 65 65 70 21 | 22 20 53 74 61 6c 69 6e | asleep!|" Stalin|
|00005a30| 20 73 68 6f 75 74 65 64 | 2e 20 22 59 6f 75 20 73 | shouted|. "You s|
|00005a40| 61 79 0d 0a 79 6f 75 20 | 68 61 76 65 6e 27 74 20 |ay..you |haven't |
|00005a50| 74 61 6e 6b 20 64 69 76 | 69 73 69 6f 6e 73 2e 20 |tank div|isions. |
|00005a60| 4d 79 20 67 72 61 6e 64 | 6d 61 20 77 6f 75 6c 64 |My grand|ma would|
|00005a70| 20 6b 6e 6f 77 20 68 6f | 77 20 74 6f 20 66 69 67 | know ho|w to fig|
|00005a80| 68 74 0d 0a 77 69 74 68 | 20 74 61 6e 6b 73 2e 20 |ht..with| tanks. |
|00005a90| 49 74 27 73 20 74 69 6d | 65 20 79 6f 75 20 6d 6f |It's tim|e you mo|
|00005aa0| 76 65 64 2e 20 44 6f 20 | 79 6f 75 20 75 6e 64 65 |ved. Do |you unde|
|00005ab0| 72 73 74 61 6e 64 20 6d | 65 3f 22 0d 0a 0d 0a 20 |rstand m|e?".... |
|00005ac0| 20 20 20 20 53 74 61 6c | 69 6e 27 73 20 61 72 6d |    Stal|in's arm|
|00005ad0| 69 65 73 20 62 65 61 74 | 20 74 68 65 69 72 20 77 |ies beat| their w|
|00005ae0| 61 79 20 74 6f 20 42 65 | 72 6c 69 6e 20 61 74 20 |ay to Be|rlin at |
|00005af0| 61 20 63 6f 73 74 20 6f | 66 20 6e 65 61 72 6c 79 |a cost o|f nearly|
|00005b00| 0d 0a 38 2c 30 30 30 2c | 30 30 30 20 64 65 61 64 |..8,000,|000 dead|
|00005b10| 20 2d 2d 20 61 6e 64 20 | 77 68 61 74 20 68 69 73 | -- and |what his|
|00005b20| 20 61 72 6d 69 65 73 20 | 74 6f 6f 6b 20 68 65 20 | armies |took he |
|00005b30| 6b 65 70 74 2e 0d 0a 0d | 0a 20 20 20 20 20 54 61 |kept....|.     Ta|
|00005b40| 6c 6b 20 26 20 44 6f 75 | 62 6c 65 74 61 6c 6b 2e |lk & Dou|bletalk.|
|00005b50| 20 49 6e 20 31 39 34 33 | 2c 20 61 74 20 61 20 74 | In 1943|, at a t|
|00005b60| 69 6d 65 20 77 68 65 6e | 20 74 68 65 20 47 65 72 |ime when| the Ger|
|00005b70| 6d 61 6e 73 20 77 65 72 | 65 0d 0a 73 74 69 6c 6c |mans wer|e..still|
|00005b80| 20 69 6e 20 52 75 73 73 | 69 61 2c 20 53 74 61 6c | in Russ|ia, Stal|
|00005b90| 69 6e 20 77 61 73 20 72 | 65 61 64 79 20 74 6f 20 |in was r|eady to |
|00005ba0| 74 61 6c 6b 20 77 69 74 | 68 20 68 69 73 20 77 61 |talk wit|h his wa|
|00005bb0| 72 74 69 6d 65 0d 0a 61 | 6c 6c 69 65 73 2e 20 22 |rtime..a|llies. "|
|00005bc0| 49 20 74 68 69 6e 6b 20 | 49 20 63 61 6e 20 70 65 |I think |I can pe|
|00005bd0| 72 73 6f 6e 61 6c 6c 79 | 20 68 61 6e 64 6c 65 20 |rsonally| handle |
|00005be0| 53 74 61 6c 69 6e 20 2e | 20 2e 20 2e 22 20 63 6f |Stalin .| . ." co|
|00005bf0| 6e 66 69 64 65 6e 74 0d | 0a 46 72 61 6e 6b 6c 69 |nfident.|.Frankli|
|00005c00| 6e 20 52 6f 6f 73 65 76 | 65 6c 74 20 68 61 64 20 |n Roosev|elt had |
|00005c10| 77 72 69 74 74 65 6e 20 | 74 6f 20 57 69 6e 73 74 |written |to Winst|
|00005c20| 6f 6e 20 43 68 75 72 63 | 68 69 6c 6c 2e 20 41 74 |on Churc|hill. At|
|00005c30| 20 54 65 68 65 72 61 6e | 2c 0d 0a 52 6f 6f 73 65 | Teheran|,..Roose|
|00005c40| 76 65 6c 74 20 77 61 73 | 20 70 65 72 73 75 61 64 |velt was| persuad|
|00005c50| 65 64 20 62 79 20 53 74 | 61 6c 69 6e 20 74 6f 20 |ed by St|alin to |
|00005c60| 74 61 6b 65 20 75 70 20 | 72 65 73 69 64 65 6e 63 |take up |residenc|
|00005c70| 65 20 69 6e 20 74 68 65 | 0d 0a 52 75 73 73 69 61 |e in the|..Russia|
|00005c80| 6e 20 65 6d 62 61 73 73 | 79 2e 20 57 68 65 6e 20 |n embass|y. When |
|00005c90| 43 68 75 72 63 68 69 6c | 6c 20 72 61 69 73 65 64 |Churchil|l raised|
|00005ca0| 20 74 68 65 20 71 75 65 | 73 74 69 6f 6e 20 6f 66 | the que|stion of|
|00005cb0| 20 73 75 70 65 72 76 69 | 73 65 64 0d 0a 65 6c 65 | supervi|sed..ele|
|00005cc0| 63 74 69 6f 6e 73 20 69 | 6e 20 50 6f 6c 61 6e 64 |ctions i|n Poland|
|00005cd0| 2c 20 53 74 61 6c 69 6e | 20 73 6e 61 70 70 65 64 |, Stalin| snapped|
|00005ce0| 3a 20 22 59 6f 75 20 63 | 61 6e 6e 6f 74 20 64 6f |: "You c|annot do|
|00005cf0| 20 74 68 61 74 2e 20 54 | 68 65 0d 0a 50 6f 6c 65 | that. T|he..Pole|
|00005d00| 73 20 61 72 65 20 61 6e | 20 69 6e 64 65 70 65 6e |s are an| indepen|
|00005d10| 64 65 6e 74 20 70 65 6f | 70 6c 65 20 61 6e 64 20 |dent peo|ple and |
|00005d20| 74 68 65 79 20 77 6f 75 | 6c 64 20 6e 6f 74 20 77 |they wou|ld not w|
|00005d30| 61 6e 74 20 74 6f 20 68 | 61 76 65 0d 0a 74 68 65 |ant to h|ave..the|
|00005d40| 69 72 20 65 6c 65 63 74 | 69 6f 6e 20 73 75 70 65 |ir elect|ion supe|
|00005d50| 72 76 69 73 65 64 20 62 | 79 20 6f 74 68 65 72 73 |rvised b|y others|
|00005d60| 2e 22 20 57 68 65 6e 20 | 43 68 75 72 63 68 69 6c |." When |Churchil|
|00005d70| 6c 20 6d 65 6e 74 69 6f | 6e 65 64 0d 0a 74 68 65 |l mentio|ned..the|
|00005d80| 20 56 61 74 69 63 61 6e | 2c 20 53 74 61 6c 69 6e | Vatican|, Stalin|
|00005d90| 20 61 73 6b 65 64 3a 20 | 22 48 6f 77 20 6d 61 6e | asked: |"How man|
|00005da0| 79 20 64 69 76 69 73 69 | 6f 6e 73 20 68 61 73 20 |y divisi|ons has |
|00005db0| 74 68 65 20 50 6f 70 65 | 20 67 6f 74 3f 22 0d 0a |the Pope| got?"..|
|00005dc0| 52 65 70 6f 72 74 65 64 | 20 43 68 75 72 63 68 69 |Reported| Churchi|
|00005dd0| 6c 6c 20 6c 61 74 65 72 | 3a 20 22 53 74 61 6c 69 |ll later|: "Stali|
|00005de0| 6e 20 73 61 69 64 20 74 | 68 65 20 52 75 73 73 69 |n said t|he Russi|
|00005df0| 61 6e 73 20 64 69 64 20 | 6e 6f 74 20 77 61 6e 74 |ans did |not want|
|00005e00| 0d 0a 61 6e 79 74 68 69 | 6e 67 20 62 65 6c 6f 6e |..anythi|ng belon|
|00005e10| 67 69 6e 67 20 74 6f 20 | 6f 74 68 65 72 20 70 65 |ging to |other pe|
|00005e20| 6f 70 6c 65 2c 20 61 6c | 74 68 6f 75 67 68 20 74 |ople, al|though t|
|00005e30| 68 65 79 20 6d 69 67 68 | 74 20 68 61 76 65 20 61 |hey migh|t have a|
|00005e40| 0d 0a 62 69 74 65 20 61 | 74 20 47 65 72 6d 61 6e |..bite a|t German|
|00005e50| 79 2e 22 0d 0a 0d 0a 20 | 20 20 20 20 41 74 20 59 |y.".... |    At Y|
|00005e60| 61 6c 74 61 2c 20 6f 76 | 65 72 20 61 20 79 65 61 |alta, ov|er a yea|
|00005e70| 72 20 6c 61 74 65 72 2c | 20 53 74 61 6c 69 6e 20 |r later,| Stalin |
|00005e80| 62 61 72 67 61 69 6e 65 | 64 20 66 6f 72 20 50 6f |bargaine|d for Po|
|00005e90| 72 74 0d 0a 41 72 74 68 | 75 72 2c 20 44 61 69 72 |rt..Arth|ur, Dair|
|00005ea0| 65 6e 20 61 6e 64 20 74 | 68 65 20 4b 75 72 69 6c |en and t|he Kuril|
|00005eb0| 20 49 73 6c 61 6e 64 73 | 20 69 6e 20 72 65 74 75 | Islands| in retu|
|00005ec0| 72 6e 20 66 6f 72 20 61 | 20 70 72 6f 6d 69 73 65 |rn for a| promise|
|00005ed0| 20 74 6f 0d 0a 65 6e 74 | 65 72 20 74 68 65 20 77 | to..ent|er the w|
|00005ee0| 61 72 20 61 67 61 69 6e | 73 74 20 4a 61 70 61 6e |ar again|st Japan|
|00005ef0| 2e 20 22 49 20 6f 6e 6c | 79 20 77 61 6e 74 20 74 |. "I onl|y want t|
|00005f00| 6f 20 68 61 76 65 20 72 | 65 74 75 72 6e 65 64 20 |o have r|eturned |
|00005f10| 74 6f 0d 0a 52 75 73 73 | 69 61 20 77 68 61 74 20 |to..Russ|ia what |
|00005f20| 74 68 65 20 4a 61 70 61 | 6e 65 73 65 20 68 61 76 |the Japa|nese hav|
|00005f30| 65 20 74 61 6b 65 6e 20 | 66 72 6f 6d 20 6d 79 20 |e taken |from my |
|00005f40| 63 6f 75 6e 74 72 79 2c | 22 20 68 65 20 73 61 69 |country,|" he sai|
|00005f50| 64 2e 0d 0a 22 54 68 61 | 74 20 73 65 65 6d 73 2c |d..."Tha|t seems,|
|00005f60| 22 20 73 61 69 64 20 46 | 72 61 6e 6b 6c 69 6e 20 |" said F|ranklin |
|00005f70| 52 6f 6f 73 65 76 65 6c | 74 2c 20 22 6c 69 6b 65 |Roosevel|t, "like|
|00005f80| 20 61 20 76 65 72 79 20 | 72 65 61 73 6f 6e 61 62 | a very |reasonab|
|00005f90| 6c 65 0d 0a 73 75 67 67 | 65 73 74 69 6f 6e 2e 22 |le..sugg|estion."|
|00005fa0| 0d 0a 0d 0a 20 20 20 20 | 20 57 69 74 68 20 68 69 |....    | With hi|
|00005fb0| 73 20 66 65 6c 6c 6f 77 | 20 43 6f 6d 6d 75 6e 69 |s fellow| Communi|
|00005fc0| 73 74 20 6c 65 61 64 65 | 72 73 2c 20 53 74 61 6c |st leade|rs, Stal|
|00005fd0| 69 6e 20 77 61 73 20 61 | 6c 73 6f 0d 0a 72 65 61 |in was a|lso..rea|
|00005fe0| 73 6f 6e 61 62 6c 65 20 | 2d 2d 20 69 6e 20 74 68 |sonable |-- in th|
|00005ff0| 65 20 73 61 6d 65 20 77 | 61 79 2e 20 4d 61 6b 69 |e same w|ay. Maki|
|00006000| 6e 67 20 69 74 20 63 6c | 65 61 72 20 74 6f 20 54 |ng it cl|ear to T|
|00006010| 69 74 6f 20 74 68 61 74 | 20 68 65 0d 0a 68 61 64 |ito that| he..had|
|00006020| 20 61 67 72 65 65 64 20 | 74 6f 20 73 68 61 72 65 | agreed |to share|
|00006030| 20 59 75 67 6f 73 6c 61 | 76 69 61 20 61 73 20 61 | Yugosla|via as a|
|00006040| 20 73 70 68 65 72 65 20 | 6f 66 20 69 6e 66 6c 75 | sphere |of influ|
|00006050| 65 6e 63 65 20 77 69 74 | 68 20 74 68 65 0d 0a 42 |ence wit|h the..B|
|00006060| 72 69 74 69 73 68 2c 20 | 68 65 20 61 73 6b 65 64 |ritish, |he asked|
|00006070| 20 74 68 61 74 20 4b 69 | 6e 67 20 50 65 74 65 72 | that Ki|ng Peter|
|00006080| 20 62 65 20 72 65 69 6e | 73 74 61 74 65 64 3a 20 | be rein|stated: |
|00006090| 22 59 6f 75 20 6e 65 65 | 64 20 6e 6f 74 0d 0a 72 |"You nee|d not..r|
|000060a0| 65 73 74 6f 72 65 20 68 | 69 6d 20 66 6f 72 65 76 |estore h|im forev|
|000060b0| 65 72 2c 22 20 68 65 20 | 74 6f 6c 64 20 54 69 74 |er," he |told Tit|
|000060c0| 6f 2e 20 22 54 61 6b 65 | 20 68 69 6d 20 62 61 63 |o. "Take| him bac|
|000060d0| 6b 20 74 65 6d 70 6f 72 | 61 72 69 6c 79 2c 0d 0a |k tempor|arily,..|
|000060e0| 61 6e 64 20 74 68 65 6e | 20 79 6f 75 20 63 61 6e |and then| you can|
|000060f0| 20 73 6c 69 70 20 61 20 | 6b 6e 69 66 65 20 69 6e | slip a |knife in|
|00006100| 74 6f 20 68 69 73 20 62 | 61 63 6b 20 61 74 20 61 |to his b|ack at a|
|00006110| 20 73 75 69 74 61 62 6c | 65 0d 0a 6d 6f 6d 65 6e | suitabl|e..momen|
|00006120| 74 2e 22 20 48 69 73 20 | 61 67 65 6e 74 73 20 68 |t." His |agents h|
|00006130| 61 64 20 72 65 70 6f 72 | 74 65 64 20 54 69 74 6f |ad repor|ted Tito|
|00006140| 27 73 20 70 61 72 74 69 | 73 61 6e 73 20 66 6c 6f |'s parti|sans flo|
|00006150| 75 72 69 73 68 69 6e 67 | 20 72 65 64 0d 0a 73 74 |urishing| red..st|
|00006160| 61 72 73 2e 20 22 57 68 | 61 74 20 64 6f 20 79 6f |ars. "Wh|at do yo|
|00006170| 75 20 6e 65 65 64 20 74 | 68 65 20 72 65 64 20 73 |u need t|he red s|
|00006180| 74 61 72 73 20 66 6f 72 | 3f 22 20 68 65 20 61 73 |tars for|?" he as|
|00006190| 6b 65 64 20 54 69 74 6f | 2e 20 22 59 6f 75 0d 0a |ked Tito|. "You..|
|000061a0| 61 72 65 20 66 72 69 67 | 68 74 65 6e 69 6e 67 20 |are frig|htening |
|000061b0| 74 68 65 20 42 72 69 74 | 69 73 68 2e 20 54 68 65 |the Brit|ish. The|
|000061c0| 20 66 6f 72 6d 20 69 73 | 6e 27 74 20 69 6d 70 6f | form is|n't impo|
|000061d0| 72 74 61 6e 74 2e 22 0d | 0a 0d 0a 20 20 20 20 20 |rtant.".|...     |
|000061e0| 45 76 65 72 20 77 69 6c | 6c 69 6e 67 20 74 6f 20 |Ever wil|ling to |
|000061f0| 77 61 69 74 2c 20 68 65 | 20 74 6f 6c 64 20 4d 61 |wait, he| told Ma|
|00006200| 6f 20 54 73 65 2d 74 75 | 6e 67 20 74 6f 20 63 6f |o Tse-tu|ng to co|
|00006210| 6d 65 20 74 6f 20 74 65 | 72 6d 73 0d 0a 77 69 74 |me to te|rms..wit|
|00006220| 68 20 43 68 69 61 6e 67 | 20 4b 61 69 2d 73 68 65 |h Chiang| Kai-she|
|00006230| 6b 2c 20 64 69 73 73 6f | 6c 76 65 20 68 69 73 20 |k, disso|lve his |
|00006240| 61 72 6d 79 20 61 6e 64 | 20 72 65 66 72 61 69 6e |army and| refrain|
|00006250| 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 6d 61 | 6b 69 6e 67 20 61 0d 0a | from ma|king a..|
|00006260| 62 69 64 20 66 6f 72 20 | 70 6f 77 65 72 20 69 6e |bid for |power in|
|00006270| 20 43 68 69 6e 61 2e 20 | 42 75 74 20 69 6e 20 31 | China. |But in 1|
|00006280| 39 34 39 20 4d 61 6f 20 | 64 72 6f 76 65 20 43 68 |949 Mao |drove Ch|
|00006290| 69 61 6e 67 20 4b 61 69 | 2d 73 68 65 6b 20 6f 75 |iang Kai|-shek ou|
|000062a0| 74 0d 0a 6f 66 20 74 68 | 65 20 43 68 69 6e 65 73 |t..of th|e Chines|
|000062b0| 65 20 6d 61 69 6e 6c 61 | 6e 64 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 |e mainla|nd, and |
|000062c0| 70 72 6f 63 6c 61 69 6d | 65 64 20 61 20 50 65 6f |proclaim|ed a Peo|
|000062d0| 70 6c 65 27 73 20 52 65 | 70 75 62 6c 69 63 20 6f |ple's Re|public o|
|000062e0| 66 0d 0a 43 68 69 6e 61 | 2e 20 54 68 65 6e 20 4d |f..China|. Then M|
|000062f0| 61 6f 20 62 65 67 61 6e | 20 74 68 65 20 66 61 6d |ao began| the fam|
|00006300| 69 6c 69 61 72 20 74 65 | 63 68 6e 69 71 75 65 3a |iliar te|chnique:|
|00006310| 20 70 75 72 67 65 2c 20 | 63 6f 6e 73 6f 6c 69 64 | purge, |consolid|
|00006320| 61 74 65 2c 0d 0a 70 75 | 72 67 65 2e 20 54 68 65 |ate,..pu|rge. The|
|00006330| 20 61 64 64 69 74 69 6f | 6e 20 6f 66 20 43 68 69 | additio|n of Chi|
|00006340| 6e 61 27 73 20 34 30 30 | 20 6d 69 6c 6c 69 6f 6e |na's 400| million|
|00006350| 20 74 6f 20 52 75 73 73 | 69 61 27 73 20 32 30 30 | to Russ|ia's 200|
|00006360| 0d 0a 6d 69 6c 6c 69 6f | 6e 20 77 61 73 20 74 68 |..millio|n was th|
|00006370| 65 20 68 69 67 68 20 74 | 69 64 65 20 6f 66 20 77 |e high t|ide of w|
|00006380| 6f 72 6c 64 20 43 6f 6d | 6d 75 6e 69 73 6d 2e 20 |orld Com|munism. |
|00006390| 53 74 61 6c 69 6e 27 73 | 20 65 6d 70 69 72 65 0d |Stalin's| empire.|
|000063a0| 0a 6f 63 63 75 70 69 65 | 64 20 61 20 66 6f 75 72 |.occupie|d a four|
|000063b0| 74 68 20 6f 66 20 74 68 | 65 20 77 6f 72 6c 64 27 |th of th|e world'|
|000063c0| 73 20 6c 61 6e 64 20 73 | 75 72 66 61 63 65 2c 20 |s land s|urface, |
|000063d0| 63 6c 61 69 6d 65 64 20 | 61 20 74 68 69 72 64 20 |claimed |a third |
|000063e0| 6f 66 0d 0a 69 74 73 20 | 70 65 6f 70 6c 65 2e 20 |of..its |people. |
|000063f0| 49 74 20 77 61 73 20 74 | 68 65 20 6c 61 72 67 65 |It was t|he large|
+--------+-------------------------+-------------------------+--------+--------+