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- THE WEEK, Page 18WORLD"Holy Work" Destroys All Peace in India
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- The razing of a mosque ignites riots that pose the worst crisis
- since 1947
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- They called it Kar Seva (Holy Work), but the consequences
- were devilish. To the sounds of conch shells and clashing
- cymbals, a mob of Hindu fanatics wielding pickaxes, crowbars and
- bare hands descended upon the Babri mosque in the northern town
- of Ayodhya and razed it. Never mind that the Supreme Court of
- India, eager to preserve the nation as a secular state in which
- all religions are respected, had ordered that the mosque be left
- alone. The existence of the mosque, built by a nobleman of a
- Mughal Emperor in 1528 on the spot where the Hindu god Rama is
- said to have been born thousands of years earlier, was deemed an
- insult by many Hindus, egged on by politicians eager to convert
- fervent faith into political power.
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- But the destruction equally enraged Muslims -- roughly 12%
- of India's population of 870 million -- and ignited the gravest
- crisis in India since the religious massacres that followed
- independence in 1947. Muslim and Hindu mobs armed with knives,
- hatchets and fire bombs attacked each other's houses of
- worship, homes and people in Bombay, Calcutta and other cities.
- A semiofficial death count topped 1,000, though the true toll
- was believed to be much higher. Muslim mobs burned Hindu temples
- and homes in the neighboring, predominantly Islamic countries
- of Pakistan and Bangladesh; more than 30 people were killed in
- Pakistan. Even in far-off Britain, 12 Hindu temples were
- torched.
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- India's Parliament met but could conduct no business;
- legislators only banged their desks and screamed insults at one
- another. Prime Minister P.V. Narasimha Rao came under heavy fire
- for indecisiveness and overly conciliatory gestures toward
- extremists. In response, he ordered the arrest of two senior
- leaders of the Bharatiya Janata Party, a Hindu nationalist group
- that has become the second largest political organization in
- India, on charges of inciting violence. If convicted, they could
- be imprisoned for 11 years. Rao also banned three Hindu
- organizations and two fundamentalist Muslim ones and at the same
- time promised Muslims that his government would help rebuild the
- Ayodhya mosque -- moves that some Hindu leaders warned might
- spark more resentment and violence. At week's end army troops
- were slowly bringing the violence under control. But the
- long-run survival of secularism and tolerance in the world's
- most populous democracy was by no means assured.
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