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- COVER STORIES, Page 69ELECTION `92The Lessons of Perot
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- Big bucks and simple talk turned out to be no substitute for
- a thick skin and a well-rounded political agenda
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- By STANLEY W. CLOUD/WASHINGTON -- With reporting by Richard
- Woodbury with Perot
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- Election '92 may have been God's way of telling Ross
- Perot he had too much money, but the diminutive Texan with the
- big ears and the bar charts did win a serious, double-digit
- share of the vote. The effort cost him more than $60 million --
- enough to give even a billionaire pause -- and he failed to
- carry a single state. Yet along the way, Perot helped focus and
- energize the race, and provided lessons for future independent
- candidates, possibly including himself:
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- 1. Money isn't everything. The fact that Perot's candidacy
- was almost entirely self-financed allowed him to claim he was
- "owned" by no one but his followers. It turned out there just
- weren't enough of them to bring him even close to the victory
- he kept promising. If he had been just another computer salesman
- from Dallas with a 1930s haircut and a nasal twang, he probably
- would never have got his name on the ballot, let alone been
- admitted to the inner circle of candidates. His money -- plus
- his record as a can-do entrepreneur -- gained him that much. But
- it's doubtful, given who Perot is and how he chose to run, that
- any amount of money could have bought him the presidency in
- 1992.
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- 2. There are no short-cuts. Perot seemed to think all he
- had to do to win the White House was to grant an occasional
- interview to Larry King, tape a few commercials and deliver a
- handful of speeches to captive audiences. To become President,
- a candidate has to be willing to sweat, to get out of the TV
- studios and into the streets, to run the entire, terrible
- gauntlet that presidential campaigns have become. The system by
- which Americans choose their Presidents may seem irrational and
- demeaning, with its emphasis on TV and trivia, but no one has
- yet figured out how to improve on it in this age of weakened
- political parties. By trying to short-circuit the process, Perot
- gave the impression that he wasn't really serious.
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- 3. Don't whine. Perot had never before been exposed to the
- kind of scrutiny that comes with a presidential campaign. By
- repeatedly charging, without evidence, that Republican dirty
- tricksters were hatching foul plots against him, he diverted
- attention from the issues he claimed to want to discuss. His
- bizarre resurrection of an old story about how the North
- Vietnamese and the Black Panthers had conspired to kill him back
- in the '70s also disrupted his campaign, even as it caused
- people to wonder about his stability. Perot urged the press to
- check into the behavior of his opponents, but he became petulant
- when reporters examined his own conduct -- such as his penchant
- for investigating others and his decision to blow up a protected
- reef near his Bermuda home. By showing that he couldn't take the
- heat, Perot convinced most voters that he didn't belong in the
- kitchen.
-
-
- 4. Issues matter. Perot spent much of his time blasting
- his rivals for avoiding the issues, but never fully described
- his own proposals. In most cases, he insisted that Washington
- was already littered with good plans; it was just a matter of
- picking the best ones. When pressed on such matters as
- health-care reform, he became hopelessly vague. "Only the
- people, the owners of this country, can make America strong
- again," he said, ignoring the need for skillful political
- leadership. Perot's one truly specific proposal, a
- deficit-reduction plan, did call for new taxes on gasoline,
- cigarettes and some Social Security benefits and Medicare
- programs. But by thus limiting himself, he became the kind of
- one-issue candidate Americans have traditionally rejected.
- Moreover, he didn't explain how he would get his
- belt-tightening package past Congress, except to promise to
- build support for it in electronic "town meetings" -- the
- Massachusetts Bay Colony comes to the media age.
-
-
- 5. Running mates count. Retired vice admiral and former
- Vietnam POW James Stockdale is a bona fide hero and scholar.
- What he is not is someone who should be a heartbeat away from
- the presidency. After his hapless performance in the
- vice-presidential debate, Stockdale was barely heard from again.
- That was a blessing. A vice-presidential candidate ought to have
- at least a nodding acquaintance with the issues voters care
- about. By choosing Stockdale, Perot did what George Bush
- couldn't do: make voters forget their qualms about Dan Quayle.
-
- Despite his shortcomings as a candidate, Perot could take
- some satisfaction from his first plunge into electoral
- politics. He demonstrated that Americans are hungry for
- leadership rooted in common sense and plain speaking. He was on
- the mark when he said, "If anyone wants to know who's to blame
- for the $4 trillion debt, just go look in the mirror." Voters
- did not recoil from such lines. On the contrary, Perot's
- experience suggests that Clinton and Bush missed an opportunity
- to use similar outspokenness in order to develop a mandate for
- bullet-biting reform.
-
- Some experts are writing Perot off as a future political
- force. Political scientist Nelson Polsby of the University of
- California, Berkeley, says the Perot campaign was nothing more
- than "an ego trip by a very superficial person." Another
- political scientist, Earl Black of the University of South
- Carolina, agrees. "Perot," says Black, "was just an extremely
- wealthy individual with high visibility who was using his
- personality and charisma to fuel this movement."
-
- There is strong evidence, however, that Americans remain
- frustrated by what they see as the failure of the two-party
- system to attend to their needs. Democratic political consultant
- Greg Schneiders, a former aide to Jimmy Carter, predicts that
- "the high level of unrest and unhappiness, which Perot
- capitalized on, won't go away. The right candidate in the right
- year could come along and perhaps tap into that, even to the
- point of getting himself elected." But it would take someone,
- Schneiders adds, "with all of Perot's strengths and none of his
- weaknesses."
-
- "Time is short," wrote Perot in his book United We Stand.
- "History is merciless." He meant the words to rally the voters
- to his banner. They didn't rally. But the words will serve as
- a warning to Democrats and Republicans alike that they had
- better begin to solve some of the nation's critical problems.
- Otherwise, they may be hearing from Ross Perot -- or his like
- -- again.
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