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- THE WEEK, Page 24HEALTH & SCIENCETattletale Termite
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- Scraps of ancient insect genes solve a long-standing mystery
- of evolution
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- Most homeowners would readily agree that the only good termite
- is a dead termite, but the one unearthed on a dig in the
- Dominican Republic was better than most. The insect, trapped
- between 25 million and 30 million years ago in a blob of tree
- sap that hardened into amber, has yielded genetic material that
- is the oldest ever studied, by at least 8 million years. It has
- also resolved a long-simmering dispute over the family tree of
- cockroaches.
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- In the past, the tiny scraps of ancient DNA that can be
- found in mummified tissue would have been far too small to
- study. But a relatively new genetic-engineering method called
- polymerase chain reaction (PCR) can clone enough copies for
- scientists to examine the DNA in detail. They can then compare
- ancient genes to modern ones. That gives researchers another
- perspective on how evolution has changed a given species, beyond
- what can be learned by the traditional method of studying
- changes in body structure.
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- Structural analysis had left researchers with a puzzle
- about the relationship between termites and roaches: Did the
- former evolve from the latter, or did both come from a single,
- common ancestor species? There were arguments for both options
- -- until a team at the American Museum of Natural History
- applied PCR to the genetic material of the amber-clad termite.
- DNA doesn't lie: the cockroach is not the termite's parent after
- all, but only its sibling. Which says nothing about how to get
- rid of either.
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