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- COVER STORIES, Page 38LIES, LIES, LIESVoters' Guide: How to Tell if a Politician is Lying
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- Never has there been a politician so candid about his own
- mendacity as Earl Long, the fabled drinking, carousing and
- hog-hunting 1950s Governor of Louisiana (hint: Paul Newman
- played him in Blaze). After one election, Long went back on a
- campaign promise in a big way. When a delegation of betrayed
- supporters showed up in Baton Rouge to protest, the Governor
- refused to see them. "What will I tell them?" asked a desperate
- aide. Long's immortal response: "Tell them I lied!"
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- In a similar fix, Long's modern-day counterparts would
- convene focus groups to test various excuses. (The likely
- winner: "When I made that campaign promise, I had a serious
- substance-abuse problem, but now I'm leading my class at a
- nationally ranked recovery clinic.") Then a top speechwriter
- would embellish the confession, and a media consultant would
- orchestrate the requisite appearance on Geraldo. But all this
- high-priced talent could not alter reality -- a broken campaign
- promise is still a breach of trust. Lies are still lies. The
- trick is knowing how to recognize them.
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- All candidates lie -- in a technical sense -- every time
- they read a speech they paid someone else to write, every time
- they gush over how thrilled they are to be among the real
- people outside the Beltway, and every time they feign modesty
- after a particularly effusive introduction. But the voters have
- become inured to such petty fabrications. The big fibs are the
- problem -- the read-my-lips whoppers. So here, as a public
- service, are some rhetorical tricks that signal DANGER -- SHARP
- CURVES AHEAD.
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- Suspicious Stats. Maybe it's related to declining math
- scores, but these days the favored ploy is to taint by numbers.
- If a politician rattles off more than three statistics about
- his opponent's record, assume that at least one of those
- figures is a flat-out falsehood, yanked completely out of
- context and massaged by friendly computers. The more precise the
- number, the higher the likelihood of prevarication. Senator Joe
- McCarthy would never have set off the 1950s witch-hunts if he
- had merely claimed, "There are, I don't know, maybe 100, maybe
- 200 communists in the State Department."
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- Dubious Denials. Cornered by the press, the
- scandal-scarred politician finally deigns to answer the charges
- against him. Listen to his language carefully, especially for
- signs of the overly specific denial. "On my word of honor, I
- never accepted cash or other favors in office" is not a blanket
- refutation of bribery. Maybe he was handed the money in a hotel
- room or while he was still a candidate. Denying a "five-year
- affair" is different from claiming a lifetime of marital
- fidelity. An advanced gambit is angrily rebutting a charge that
- was never made. When Richard Nixon claimed in the midst of
- Watergate, "I am not a crook," he was telling a literal truth.
- He was charged with the abuse of power -- not larceny.
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- The Tricky Two-Step. Complex sentences are a duplicitous
- politician's delight. Suppose a candidate plans to oppose
- kumquat subsidies. Saying so outright to a group of farmers
- would reap no votes -- just permanent enmity. Instead, the
- aspirant might try to finesse it like this: "No one in the
- Senate is more keenly aware of the courage and the grit of
- kumquat growers than myself, but we should never lose sight of
- how the federal deficit is robbing our children." It is an
- example of that classic two-step -- a sonorous lie followed by
- a fleeting glimpse of unpleasant reality. For if Diogenes were
- parsing a political speech in his quest for an honest man, he
- would strip away all the dependent clauses; the truth is usually
- found in simple declarative sentences.
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- The Candor Pander. Never trust anyone who begins a
- sentence, "My dear friends, let me speak frankly to you . . ."
- Veracity these days is rare enough that its presence need not
- be advertised with self-congratulatory words like "candor" and
- "honesty." For while the truth may still set you free, it
- remains a treacherous path for those who would rather be elected
- than liberated.
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- By Walter Shapiro
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