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- PERU, Page 48The Myth of Guzman
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- The first pictures of the captive Abimael Guzman were
- startling: an obese, bespectacled man obeying police orders to
- put on his shirt. Could this dumpy, bewildered fellow, last seen
- publicly in 1979, really be Shining Path's shining light? Here
- was the mysterious man who billed himself as the "Fourth Sword"
- of communism -- the successor to Marx, Lenin and Mao. Under the
- gueralias "Presidente Gonzalo," Guzman fashioned himself into
- the demigod of a cultlike political movement. As far as his
- supporters were concerned, Guzman's mythic aura of brilliance,
- charisma and invincibility shielded him from comparisons with
- other mortals. Latin Americans may regard Che Guevara as the
- model guerrilla, but Guzman dismissed him as an exhibitionist;
- besides, Che lacked Guzman's tolerance for slaughtering innocent
- women and children.
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- While the Peruvian's ruthlessness is beyond question, his
- inflated legend may say more about the dreams of the
- impoverished people who revere him than about the man himself.
- He is hailed as a philosopher-warrior, yet much of his best
- writing is shamelessly cribbed from Mao. As for being a warrior,
- while Guzman seems to have no compunction about ordering up the
- most foul atrocities, no one knows if he has ever killed anyone
- himself.
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- Young Abimael was born out of wedlock in the provincial
- capital of Arequi. He was rejected by both his mother's family and
- his middle-class merchant father; acquaintances remember a boy
- who poured his energies into books. At age 10 he was beaten by
- police breaking up a strike, and as a university student he came
- under the influence of a Communist philosopher and a painter who
- regarded Stalin as insufficiently revolutionary. In 1962 Guzman
- was given a philosophy post at Huamanga University in Ayacucho,
- where he used his teaching pulpit to indoctrinate students. He
- was profoundly influenced by Mao's Cultural Revolution, which
- he witnessed firsthand. "At some point," says journalist
- Gustavo Gorriti, "he persuaded himself that he was not only a
- qualified leader but had both a national and a world
- responsibility." Scholars differ about Guzman's intellectual
- gifts, but they agree that he was an outstanding organizer who
- was capable of great charm and attentiveness.
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- Until his capture, Guzman shrewdly manufactured and
- manipulated propaganda to give the impression that Shining Path
- was everywhere. Uncertainty about whether he was dead or alive
- enhanced his mystique. Now that it is known that he is very much
- alive, authorities want to keep him that way. The last thing
- they want is a dead -- and martyred -- Guzman.
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