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- TELEVISION, Page 52Ms. Kidvid Calls It Quits
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- Activist Peggy Charren disbands her group, saying its job is
- done. But is children's TV really any better?
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- By RICHARD ZOGLIN -- Reported by William Tynan/New York
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- Few people in any field have demonstrated the power of a
- single impassioned voice as well as Peggy Charren. As head of
- Action for Children's Television, the activist group she founded
- 23 years ago in the living room of her suburban Boston home,
- Charren has been a tireless fighter for better children's TV.
- Because of her efforts, commercials aimed at kids are less
- manipulative than they once were; the hosts of children's shows,
- for example, can no longer hawk products to gullible young
- viewers. Even when she failed to bring about change, her
- constant, nagging presence -- and a knack for the pithy quote
- -- kept network programmers mindful that their responsibility
- to children went beyond simply making a buck from them.
-
- Last week Charren announced that ACT would disband at the
- end of the year. Her reason: the passage of the 1990 Children's
- Television Act, which sets advertising limits on children's
- programming and requires TV stations to air at least some fare
- that serves the educational needs of kids. "For more than 20
- years, ACT has tried to get the public-interest laws that
- govern broadcasting to apply to children," said Charren. "With
- the passage of the 1990 Children's Television Act, this goal
- has been achieved. People who want better TV for kids now have
- Congress on their side."
-
- Other organizations will carry on the kidvid cause, and
- Charren herself will not disappear. But the demise of ACT leaves
- a void and raises a question: For all Charren's efforts, has
- children's TV got any better? In some ways, as Charren readily
- admits, it is worse. In the 1970s, partly because of Charren's
- lobbying, the networks added a host of informational shows for
- children, from ABC's Afterschool Specials to CBS's newsmagazine
- for kids, 30 Minutes. During the Reagan years, however,
- government regulation eased, and most of those shows were
- canceled or scaled back. Though PBS and cable have added greatly
- to the diversity of programming for children, network and
- syndicated fare, which still accounts for the bulk of kids' TV
- viewing, is largely a ghetto of interchangeable cartoons.
-
- Nor has the commercialization of children's TV abated. In
- the late '70s, ACT was one of the groups that pressed for an
- FTC inquiry into whether commercials directed at kids ought to
- be banned or restricted. But after extensive hearings, the FTC
- took no action, and commercials are still an inextricable part
- of the economics of children's television.
-
- The '80s gave rise to an even more insidious phenomenon:
- cartoon shows based on popular toys. Charren sought to ban
- programs like G.I. Joe and My Little Pony as little more than
- program-length commercials. Most have since expired from low
- ratings, but a fresh wave may be on the way: several new shows
- in development feature snack-food characters like Chester
- Cheetah, who hawks Cheetos. "It's nauseating," says Charren.
- "Having turned all the toys into programs in the '80s, now
- they're going to turn all the logos into programs in the '90s."
-
- The Children's Television Act will hardly solve all the
- problems. Its ceilings on kidvid advertising -- 12 minutes an
- hour on weekdays, 10 1/2 minutes on weekends -- are higher than
- what the networks currently run. Still, Charren sees the law as
- a breakthrough, mainly because it threatens stations with the
- loss of their license if they don't air some educational fare
- for kids. Says Charren: "That has much more power behind it than
- the noise of Peggy Charren and ACT."
-
- That remains to be seen. The law is so vaguely worded that
- its impact depends almost entirely on how it is enforced. The
- key question is, What constitutes educational fare? (A
- documentary on rock music? A "pro-social" cartoon like Captain
- Planet?) Squire Rushnell, the former head of children's
- programming at ABC and now a producer of kids' shows, is
- pessimistic. "Until there is an impetus from the White House
- that would create a snowball effect with the FCC and on down,
- nothing is going to really happen."
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- Charren had an impact, not just because of the causes she
- championed but because of the ones she didn't. Despite her
- concern for children, she refused to ally herself with
- conservative groups fighting to purge TV of excessive sex and
- violence. "I believe that censorship is worse than any kind of
- junk on TV," she maintained. Her primary thrust was not for
- quality (that overused term) so much as for diversity: to give
- parents and kids more choice. Children's TV may still be a long
- way from her goal, but it is a lot closer than it would have
- been without her.
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