Chaos Computer Club 1997 February/cccd_beta_feb_97.iso/contrib/faq/sunfaq/admin.txt

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From: [e-mail] (Rob Montjoy)
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Subject: FAQ: Sun Computer Administration Frequently Asked Questions
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Date: 18 Dec 1996 22:47:07 GMT
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Summary: Answers to questions which appear in comp.sys.sun.*
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Archive-name: comp-sys-sun-faq
Last-modified: 1996/12/18
Version: 1.9.23

Frequently Asked Questions for Comp.sys.sun.admin

Last update December 18 1996

This is a collection of common questions posted to the comp.sys.sun.*
hierarchy.

Please send corrections or submissions to "[e-mail]".
Mark the Subject as Sun FAQ. Remember lets make this a better FAQ and
that requires submissions and corrections so if you have
an answer to a nontrival question send it to me.

This FAQ is available from ftp.ececs.uc.edu (129.137.8.4)
in the /pub/sun-faq/FAQs. Get the file sun-faq.general. The sun-faq
directory is also available from gopher.ececs.uc.edu (129.137.8.4).
Many other related FAQ's are in this directory too.

Also, ftp.ececs.uc.edu mirrors the FSF/GNU stuff from prep.ai.mit.edu
and is available as ftp.ececs.uc.edu:/pub/gnu

Finally, ftp.ececs.uc.edu mirrors the security directory off ftp.uu.net
as ftp.ececs.uc.edu:/pub/security


Other FAQ's that you should check are as follows:


    Sun Hardware FAQ edited by James W. Birdsall <[e-mail]>
            ftp://ftp.ececs.uc.edu/pub/sun-faq/FAQs/Hardware/

    Sun Managers FAQ edited by John DiMarco  <[e-mail]>
        Here is the URL for downloading this FAQ
            ftp://ftp.cdf.toronto.edu/pub/sun-managers/faq

    Solaris2.x FAQ edited by Casper Dik <[e-mail]>
           An HTML version is available from
            http://www.fwi.uva.nl/pub/solaris/solaris2.html
        A mirror of Casper's directory is available from
            ftp.ececs.uc.edu:/pub/sun-faq/FAQs/mirrors/Solaris2
        which includes the autoinstall pieces.

    Solaris2.x Porting FAQ by David Meyer <[e-mail]>
    ftp://ftp.ececs.uc.edu/pub/sun-faq/FAQs/Solaris2.x-Porting-Hints

    Solbourne Computer information available provided
        by Stephen Dowdy [e-mail]  via
            http://www.cs.colorado.edu/~dowdy/Solbourne

    Finally, you can check at my "alpha" version of a Sun
    related Web page at http://www.ececs.uc.edu/SunInfo/sun-tips.html

I try to keep these up to date copies of all these files in
    ~ftp/pub/sun-faq/FAQs on ftp.ececs.uc.edu (129.137.8.4)




Notes:    As of this writing almost all of these questions apply
          to SunOS versions up to 4.1.4. SunOS 5.x questions
          will start appearing gradually as more people start
          installing SunOS 5.x (Solaris 2.x).

    I am looking for suggestions on how to split this FAQ into
    sections. These sections should follow the comp.sys.sun.*
    newsgroups(app, hardware, admin, misc, and wanted) and
    section on bettering Sun Security. Basically, what
    will end up with is a FAQ on each subject. Each
    FAQ will have a Solaris1.x Section, a Solaris2x section,
    and a section common to both.

    I will probably need some volunteers to help coordinate
    this undertaking.. Send suggestion to the usual address.

    Some of these questions are out of date and need updating
    when I get the time (or maybe a little birdie will do it for
    me) I will update them. Thanks.


This article includes answers to the following questions, which are loosely
grouped into categories. Questions marked with a '+' indicate questions
new to this issue; those with significant changes of content since the
last issue are marked by '!'.


                Questions

 1)!     How to get DNS working when not running NIS ?
 2)       How to get DNS to be used when running NIS ?
 3)     How to properly setup NFS mounting of /var/spool/mail ?
 4)       Can I use AnswerBook under X11R5?
 5)     What does "NFS write error X" mean?
 6)!     How do I find the amount of memory installed or other
    system configuration information?
 7)     Where can I get a version of ftp that does logging?
 8)     Where can one get SunOS patches? Where can I get patch 10xxxx-xx?
 9)        How to setup Openwindows Calendar Manager in a distributed
    environment?
10)      Why does the talk command fail between SunOS
    and any other manufacturer's equipment (like DEC)?
11)       How do I setup "anonymous" ftp?
12)     How come yppasswdd does not automatically update the yp maps?
13)     What does NFS getattr failed/RPC: Authentication error mean?
14)     Why did my Quantum 105 megabyte hard disk stop working?
15)     Can I replace the 105 megabyte internal drive with a higher capacity
        model?
16)     How can I turn my Sun3 into an X-Terminal?
17)    Why is my console login prompt garbled or in some strange
    alphabet after upgrading to 4.1.3?
18)      Why are the "random" missing services at boot time or any other time
    (even though the services are in the /etc/services file or NIS map)?
19)     Where can I get Data Certified tapes for 4-mm or 8-mm tape drives
    (at reasonable price)?
20)       What is "archie"?
21)     How do I synchronize time on my Network?
22)      What is the phone number for Sun Express and other numbers of importance
    to Sun Users?
23)!      How do I join sun related  mailing lists?
24)      How do I use Mac floppies in a SUN drive?
25)     How can I transfer floppies back and forth between MS-DOS and Sparc?
26)    Why is my biff not "biffing" when using biff in a networked
    environment?
27)     How do I disable L1-A(STOP-A) or re-map it?
28)      Why are all the local users "unknown" when using sendmail under 4.1.2?
29)!     What are the dump parameters for an exabyte 8200 or 8500?
30)!     What are the guidelines for setting up swap space ?
31)    What are the general guidelines for maxusers to be set to on machine X?
32)    What does "zsN: silo overflow" mean?
33)    What does the "N" in "zsN: silo overflow", and other "zsN" messages,
    signify?
34)    How do I set up a Sun serial port both for dial-in and dial-out?
35)    I can't get my Sun, running SunOS 4.1[.x], to establish a UUCP
    connection to some non-Sun machine; it won't log in.  What's wrong?
36)!     Do the Sun serial ports support RTS/CTS flow control?
37)    How do I specify that a serial port should, or should not, ignore the
    state of the Carrier Detect line?
38)    I put in a new "termcap" entry, or updated an existing "termcap" entry,
    for a terminal, but "vi" doesn't seem to know about my change.  Why?
39)    I have a Type 5 keyboard, and find its placement of the Caps Lock,
    Control, and Esc keys inconvenient.  How do I remedy this?
40)      How can I move keys around on a Sun keyboard, for example exchanging the
    Caps Lock and Control keys on a Type 5 keyboard?
41)       My Sun doesn't have an ANSI C compiler.  How can I get one?
42)      How do I change the time zone setting on my machine?
43)    I'm getting messages that say one of the following:
         proc: table is full    and/or
            file: table is full    and/or
            dquot: table is full     and/or
            inode: table is full
         What do these errors mean, and how do I fix the problem?
44)      Blank at present.
45)!      How do I run X11R5 applications under Openwindows or Openwindows
    applications under X11R5?
46)      Where do I find a "restricted" shell for SunOS?
47)!       Will SunOS 4.1.x binaries run under SunOS 5.x?
48)     When I try to compile MITs X11R4 applications under Openwindows 3.0,
    I get the following "undefined" symbols(_get_wmShellWidgetClass, and
    _get_applicationShellWidgetClass). What is the Problem?
49)!       What is Solaris?
50)     What does the "nres_gethostbyaddr !=" error mean?
51)!     How come my mouse only works in the vertical(or horizontal) direction,
        how do I repair it?
52)     After rebuilding the shared library libc it get some or all the
    following undefined symbols: dlsym, dlopen, dlclose mbstowcs_xccs,
            mbtowc_xccs,wcstombs_xccs, or wctomb_xccs.
53)     What does "No network locking on host" mean after upgrading to
    Solaris 2.0?
54)     Does Password Aging work with NIS(YP) ?
55)     What does "rpc.lockd: Cannot contact status monitor!" mean?
56)    How do I join the Sun User Group(SUG)?
57)        How do I increase the number of "pseudo" terminals(ptys) ?
58)      Where are dump and restore under Solaris 2.x?
59)      How do I make the numeric keypad on a type 5 keyboard work with xterm?
60)       How do I swap the CAPS LOCK and CONTROL keys on a type 5 keyboard
    under Openwindows 3.0?
61)!       Which Sun models run which versions of SunOS?
62)      My rdump is failing with a "Protocol botched" message. What do I do?
63)     Table of Solaris2.x commands and their Solaris1.x equivalents?
64)     How do I setup DNS on Solaris2.x?
65)        Can a SPARCclassic or LX run SunOS 4.1.3?
66)      I just restored my root partation and now I can not boot. What
    is wrong?
67)      How do I disable/enable packet forwarding?
68)      How do I disable the printing of banners pages?
69)      How do I change my hostname?
70)     Table of Solaris2.x files and their Solaris1.x equivalents?
71)!     Where can I get the BSD print spooler for Solaris2.x?
72)!    Where is the Solaris2.x screenblank?
73)!      Is there a command to display the configuration of
    currently attached SCSI devices?
74)     My printer will not print large files(over 1-megabyte), I
    keep getting "file to big" errors. What do I do?
75)!      I keep getting "data corruption" when using NFS over a wan,
    or slip/ppp link. What do I do?
76)     Does anybody know how to enable UDP checksum on NFS?
77)      Is there a mailing list for Wabi?
78)      Are there any public domain Multi-Vendor backup management
        systems?
79)     How to determine the revision of SuperSPARC processor.
80)     How do I install SunOS4.1.x by hand (off a CD)?
81)    Why won't my SUN207 (Maxtor LXT213) hard drive work in
        my SPARCstation 10/xx?
82)!     I'm running SunOS/4.1.x and every time I try to format my
        new 9GB SCSI disk I get "format failed" messages -- what's
        broke, and how can I fix it?
83)!       I can not get my new Exabyte 8505 (or others) working under
         SunOS (or Solaris) What to do ?
84)      The keyboard keeps stop working after exiting X or Openwin.
    What to do?
85)!      How do I re-build the kernel under SunOS4.x?
86)      How do I hook up a HP(or other) Desktop SCANNER?
87)!      How do I find which process has a file open?
88)       How do I create a partition greater than 2-gig on SunOS4.1.x?
89)       Why do I keep having to answer the question
    "CLEAN FLAG IN SUPERBLOCK IS WRONG; Fix?" when running fsck on
    an active filesystem?
90)     Are dynamically linked setuid executables insecure?
91)     How do I change the default router under Solaris1.x or Solaris2.x?
92)     What is the difference between the Domestic vs International version
    of SunOS 4.1.x?
93)     Where can I get the latest version of TOP?
94)     Can I run the SX card in a Sun running SunOS4.1.x?
95)     I just changed my shell to tcsh(or pick a favorite) and
    get  "530 User xyzz access denied" when ftping into this
    machine. What is the problem?
96)    How do I put several dump images on one tape?
97)     Can I "dump" the whole disk to tape in one command?
    (even with several slices/partitions)
98)!     Where do I get software for my HP JetDirect Ethernet Card?
99)     I do not know the root password, What do I do?
100)      Where do I find a POP server for Solaris or SunOS?
101)     How do I clear Stale NFS Filehandles?
102)!     How can I use the same ethernet interface for two different IP networks?
103)!     Where do I get CAP for Solaris (or SunOS 4.1.x)?
104)     Where do I get DOOM for Solaris (or SunOS 4.1.x)?
105)    Why does "dump/ufsdump" tell me it is rewinding the tape even
    when I specified the "no rewind" device?
106)    How can you I speed up filesystem restores and/or copies?
107)+    I just added a new device (ie harddisk) to Solaris I have rebooted
    but the system still can not find it. What do I do?







                Answers

 1)     How to get DNS working when not running NIS ?

    Note: Solaris2.x users should see question 64..

        The "normal" behavior of a hostname lookup under NIS is to
        consult the NIS hosts map and then DNS (if configured). If
    you are not running NIS the system will only look in
    the /etc/hosts file.

    You have two options to correct this situation:

        A) Re-build the shared library version of libc with replacement
           resolver routines which understand DNS. Resolv+ provides one
               of the best sets of replacement routines and it is easy
           to install. Resolv+ can be obtained from

               ftp.ececs.uc.edu:/pub/sun-faq/Source/resolv+2.1.1.tar.Z

           If you install resolv+ make sure that you setup your
           /etc/hosts.conf . /etc/hosts.conf should contain something
           like this:
              order    bind hosts
              multi    off
              nospoof  on

           Another option to use is bind-4.9.3 or later
           which is available from

            ftp://ftp.vix.com/pub/bind/release/

           However, the bind shared libraries will ignore /etc/hosts
           and do all lookups via DNS.


           Rebuilding the shared library will not allow  statically
           linked binaries to do name resolving and these binaries
           will only use /etc/hosts. "Dynamically linked"
           replacements for mount and rcp are available from

               ftp.ececs.uc.edu:/pub/sun-faq/Source/rcp-mount.dyn.tar.Z

           This file only contains sun4 binaries. A Sun 3 binary
           for mount can be retrieved from

               ftp.ececs.uc.edu:/pub/sun-faq/Source/mount.sun3.Z

           To be able to rebuild shared libraries you need to
           install the "shlib custom" option which is available
           with SunOS version 4.1 or greater.

               You can still use NIS for other things in environment,
               such as passwd, and group maps.

        B) Run NIS with the "hosts" maps only. If you
           only need DNS capability than change the "all"
           line /var/yp/Makefile to "all:  hosts".

           It does not require any changes to shared libraries.

           See question 2 for complete directions on how to setup
           DNS with NIS.

    Last Updated:  July 3, 1996.

 2)     How to get DNS to be used when running NIS ?

    First setup your /etc/resolv.conf file.

    Use this file as a template.

    ;
    ; Data file for a client.
    ;
    domain        ececs.uc.edu        ; local domain
    nameserver    129.137.8.118        ; primary domain nameserver
    nameserver    129.137.32.101        ; secondary domain nameserver

    Where:    "local domain" is the domain part of the hostnames.
         For example, if your hostname is "ftp.ececs.uc.edu"
         your "local domain" is "ececs.uc.edu" or you could use
        "uc.edu".

    Verify using nslookup that you are now resolving names
    via DNS. Try something like "nslookup ftp.uu.net" and
    see if you get back the IP address.

    You will need to put a copy of this resolv.conf on
    all NIS servers including slaves.

    After you have the /etc/resolv.conf setup and working do
    the following:

    Under SunOS 4.1 and greater, at the top of the /var/yp/Makefile
     uncomment the "B=-b" line and comment using the "#" sign the "B="

    If you are running 4.0.x you will need to edit the
    /var/yp/Makefile or apply the following "diff":

*** Makefile.orig       Wed Jan 10 13:22:11 1990
--- Makefile    Wed Jan 10 13:22:01 1990
***************
*** 63 ****
!                   | $(MAKEDBM) - $(YPDBDIR)/$(DOM)/hosts.byname; \
--- 63 ----
!                   | $(MAKEDBM) -b - $(YPDBDIR)/$(DOM)/hosts.byname; \
***************
*** 66 ****
!                   | $(MAKEDBM) - $(YPDBDIR)/$(DOM)/hosts.byaddr; \
--- 66 ----
!                   | $(MAKEDBM) -b - $(YPDBDIR)/$(DOM)/hosts.byaddr; \

    Now setup NIS in the usual fashion (ypinit -m ) or if your "brave"
    and have already setup NIS just re-make the hosts map. Something
    like this should work remove /var/yp/hosts.time, cd /var/yp,
    and type make (i.e. cd /var/yp; /bin/rm -f hosts.time ; make).

    You will need reboot the machine or restart ypserv for these changes
    to take affect.

    The manpage for ypserv incorrectly states that you need to
    start ypserv with the -d option to get DNS to work with NIS.
    The manpage is incorrect -d option is for debugging.

    If you need a copy of the NIS Makefile look in /usr/lib (NIS.Makefile).
    Or grab the Makefile from ftp.ececs.uc.edu:/pub/sun-faq/Makefile.nis

    Last Updated:  July 20, 1995.


 3)    How to properly setup NFS mounting of /var/spool/mail ?

    On the Client machines:

        A) mount /var/spool/mail with the no attribute caching
           option.

           An example, fstab line would be the following:

           mailhost:/var/spool/mail /var/spool/mail nfs rw,noac 0 0

        B) Use a sendmail.cf that forces all mail to be delivered
           by the mailhost.

           One such file is available via anonymous ftp to
           ftp.ececs.uc.edu. Get the file

                /pub/sun-faq/sendmail.client.cf

           Do not use the OR option that Sun provides. It is broken
           in many ways.

    On the server machine:

        A) Setup DNS MX records pointing to the mailhost for
           all client machines.

        B) Edit the /etc/exports file to export /var/spool/mail
           to the mail client machines. You may want
           to use a netgroup for this purpose.

        C) Setup the /etc/sendmail.cf on the server recognize
           that mail to/from a client is "local".

           One such file is available via anonymous ftp to
           ftp.ececs.uc.edu. Get the file

                /pub/sun-faq/sendmail.server.cf

    Note:     You may want to install Berkeley sendmail instead of Suns
        stock sendmail.



 4)     Can I use AnswerBook under X11R5(6)?

    AnswerBook in its current form requires the Openwindows
    server. It uses the NeWS/Display Postscript extensions
    to this server to display the Answerbook files.

    To use AnswerBook under X11R5 you will need to replace the
    docviewer program with program that calls Ghostscript to view
    these pages.  A replacement docviewer can downloaded from
    ftp.ececs.uc.edu (129.137.8.99) as /pub/sun-faq/Source/docviewer.tar.gz
    This kit contains more than one  docviewer. Try using
    the one in the toplevel docviewer directory.

    This replacement docviewer does not support all the options that
     the "real" docviewer supports such as "hypertext" links.

    To install the replacement "docviewer" you will also need
    Ghostscript 2.4 or above and Ghostview 1.3 or above both of
     which are available from prep.ai.mit.edu in the /pub/gnu directory.

    This replacement docviewer is reported to work with all versions
    of AnswerBook but not as well as the original :).


 5)     What does "NFS write error X" mean?

        You can lookup the error codes in /usr/include/sys/errno.h.

        Two common NFS error codes are 13 - "permission denied" and 70 -
        "stale file handle".

    Error code 13 can occur from incorrect /etc/exports entry. Also,
    it can occur because someone has changed the /etc/exports
    entry to disallow the client after the client has already
    been granted permission to perform this operation.

        Error code 70 occurs when the file handle on the
    NFS server changes for a particular filesystem.
    The "file handle" can be changed under the following
    circumstances:

        A) Installing a new drive in place of an old.

        B) Moving a filesystem from one devices to
           another.

        C) Performing a format, newfs, dump, and restore
           cycle. Even if to the same device.

        D) Unmounting a file system without remounting it.

        E) Unmounting a High Sierra/ISO 9660 CD-ROM and
               mounting a different CD.

        You can usually get rid of the error by unmounting and
        remounting the filesystem in question.

    Also, error code 70 can occur when someone removes a file
    that a process is actively writing from a NFS client machine.

        Under SunOS 4.1, you can run "showfh" to translate the NFS
        "file handle" given in the error message into a Unix pathname.
        Beware that showfhd does a "find" on your server to get the
        filename.  "man 2 intro" will give you some more general
        information on what error codes could mean.

    You will need a patch to get "showfh" to work correctly. The patch
    id is 100371 and this patch is required for 4.1, 4.1.1, and 4.1.2.
    This patch has been integrated into 4.1.3.

 6)    How do I find the amount of memory installed or other
    system configuration information?

    You can use the "devinfo" command to find out general information
    about the hardware attached to your Sun. The "devinfo" command is
        only available on desktop SPARCsystems, SPARCengine 1E (although not
        in the version used in Auspex systems), or 600MP series server only.

    Also, most sparc clones should support devinfo.  Any machine that has
    an SBus will probably support "devinfo" but any machine that doesn't
    have an SBus probably won't support "devinfo".

    Note in Solaris "devinfo" is called "prtconf" and all options
    are the same.

    The "best" command for determining system information is
    "sysinfo". Sysinfo is available from

        ftp://usc.edu/pub/sysinfo/

    Sysinfo works on all Sun architectures (including Sun-3s) and all
    SunOS and Solaris releases as well as many other UNIX boxes such
    as Ultrix, and Next.

    Also, you can use the sundiag to find out configuration information
    as follows:

        /usr/diag/sundiag/sundiag -wv
        /bin/cat /usr/adm/sundiaglog/sundiag.conf | /bin/sort

    Finally, the "dmesg" command can be used to get memory information.
    Try something like "dmesg | grep -i memory". It may not return
    any memory information if the system has been up for a while.

    Note:  "wc -l /dev/mem" and "dd if=/dev/mem of=/dev/null" and
               the like will *not* give the correct answer on machines
           where physical memory is not contiguous, such as many Suns.

    OpenWindows 3.3 and above also support the "wsinfo" command, which
    provides some of this information, in particular memory size.

    Last Updated:  May 23, 1996.


 7)     Where can I get a version of ftp that does logging?

    Get the wuarchive ftp daemon from

            ftp://wuarchive.wustl.edu/packages/wuarchive-ftpd

    A version of the wuarchive ftpd daemon that compiles right out
    of the box for Solaris2.x machines can be had from
    ftp.ececs.uc.edu (129.137.8.4) in the /pub/sun-faq directory.
    Remember to specify your own paths in the src/pathnames.h file.

    The stock Sun ftpd will log some information if you add the "-l"
           flag in /etc/inetd.conf:

            ftp stream tcp nowait root /usr/etc/in.ftpd in.ftpd -l

        Also enable syslogd by adding:

        daemon.info      /var/adm/syslog

        to "/etc/syslog.conf".

    Last Updated:  Oct 25, 1995.


 8)     Where can one get SunOS patches? Where can I get patch 10xxxx-xx?

        Many anonymous ftp sites have partial collections of patches.
        These sites include the following:

    Sun sanctioned sites:
        sunsolve1.sun.com:/pub/patches/
                via WWW http://sunsolve1.sun.com/
        sunsite.unc.edu:/pub/sun-info/sun-patches/
            sunsite.unc.edu:/pub/sun-info/sun-patches/
            sunsite.sut.ac.jp:/pub/sun-info/sun-us/sun-patches/
            sunsite.doc.ic.ac.uk:/sun/sunsite-sun-info/sun-patches/

    Note: You should always attempt to find a local site before
          using the above.

    sunsolve1.sun.com contains a collection of recommended and
    security patches. Be sure to check out the 2.x_Recommended.tar.Z
    files which contain all the Recommended patches in  one file.
    The "Sunsites" are essentially mirrors of sunsolve.

    Support Customers:

        Starting with SunSolve CD 2.1.2 ALL Sun patches are shipped
        on the SunSolve CD.

        Support customers can get all patches via ftp from Sunsolve
        or by e-mail and query one of the online sunsolve-databases
        on the internet.

    Some notes:

    Do install the Recommended patches.

    If you find a bug report it to Sun. This is the only way
    it will get fixed.

    Do not "blindly" install all patches. Sun does not always
    have time to test for possible interactions between patches.

    Do not install patches for applications that you to do use.

    Do install patches for "bugs" that are actually affecting you.

    Last Updated:  January 30, 1995.


 9)    How to setup Openwindows Calendar Manager in a distributed
    environment?

    Sun's original assumption that each user has a permanent machine
    allocated to them is not applicable in most environments. Just as
    users send mail to 'user' rather than 'user@machine', users want
    to browse others user's calendars and do not care or want to know
    where the calendar is actually stored.

    Here is procedure to accomplish our goal. All calendars
    will be stored on a central server. The initial setup
    must be done on the server.

        A) Have the user login to the calendar host(calhost)
           machine.

        B) Change everyone's .cm.rc file so that
           Calendar.DefaultCal points to user@calhost

           calhost can be an hostname alias or an actual
           hostname. You may want to use the alias
           just in case you change the "calhost" later.

        C) Change their Access List and Permissions (under
               Edit/Properties) to show user@client with BID (browse,
               insert, delete) permissions for any client machine the
           user wanted to access their calendar from.

    Notes: If you use the scheme you should not NFS mount
           /var/spool/calendar on the client machines.

    or

    You can install the "Proxy OpenWindows Calendar Manager", which
    is available via anonymous FTP from ftp.ececs.uc.edu in
    /pub/sun-faq/proxy-cmsd.tar.Z.

    or

    You can install the "new cm daemon" which allows you to access
    several Calendar hosts at once. It implements the "original"
    rpc.cmsd daemon semantics(unlike proxy-cmsd) and thus all
    the features(of CM) will work as documented.  The latest source
    for this daemon was available via anonymous FTP from
    ftp.amdahl.com (129.212.11.1) in the  /pub/newcm_d directory
    but alas it is no longer but you can still get a copy from
    from ftp.ececs.uc.edu as /pub/sun-faq/newcm_d-1.3.tar.Z

    As of this writing newcm is being ported to Solaris2.x.

10)     Why does the talk command fail between SunOS
    and any other manufacturer's equipment(like DEC)?

    SunOS and Solaris use the old BSD 4.2 version of talk.
    The old talk uses "machine dependent" byte ordering. Since
    DEC has different byte order the two talks can not
    communicate (even if you use "otalk" on the DEC
    machines).

    Also, most vendors have the newer version of
    talk from BSD-4.3 and this version is not compatible
    with the Sun Version which is BSD-4.2.

    The solution is to get and install the new version
    of talk because it uses "network" byte ordering and
    it is compatible with most Vendors current talk
    implementations.

    "New Talk" is available via anonymous ftp from

        ftp.ececs.uc.edu:/pub/sun-faq/Source/ntalk.tar.gz

    This contains a version of new talk that compiles on
    both Solaris and SunOS. The Solaris version does not
    require the Berkeley compatability libraries.

    Finally, a program called Ytalk can be used with either
    "New talk" or "Old talk" and compiles on all versions
    of SunOS (including 5.x).

    Ytalk can be obtained from

        ftp.ececs.uc.edu:/pub/sun-faq/Source/ytalk-3.2.tar.gz

    Last Updated:  November 12, 1995

11)    How do I setup "anonymous" ftp?

        Read the man page ftpd(8) in the SunOS 4.x documentation, as
        the procedure differs from vanilla BSD and most examples in
        system administration books.

    The "ls" binary is dynamically linked, requiring you to
    duplicate ld.so, libc.so.* and /dev/zero in the ftp area.
    The permissions and ownership of the files within the
        ftp area are critical to having a secure configuration.

    Note: For SunOS versions 4.1.2 and 4.1.3 you will need
          to copy /usr/lib/libdl.so.* to the ftp area as well.

    You can use a "statically" linked binary from the GNU
    fileutils instead of the "dynamically" linked SunOS
    version. You can get the GNU fileutils from prep.ai.mit.edu
    in the directory /pub/gnu

    There is also a statically linked version of ls for Suns
    running SunOS 4.1.x, available via anonymous ftp from
    ftp.ececs.uc.edu.  Get the file /pub/sun-faq/ls.statically-linked
    or get it from the SunOS install CD in the "tools" directory.

    A complete procedure to setup anonymous under SunOS is
    available via anonymous ftp to ftp.ececs.uc.edu. Get
    the file /pub/sun-faq/anon-ftp.how-to.

    There is an _excellent_ script written by Peter N. Lewis
    ([e-mail]) for setting up anonymous ftp
    located on ftp.ececs.uc.edu, in the file /pub/sun-faq/anon-ftp.scrpt

12)     How come yppasswdd does not automatically update the yp maps?

        There is a bug in 4.1 rpc.yppasswdd that causes it misinterpret
        the command line arguments.  A work-around is to add the
        "-nosingle" flag (which is the default), this shifts the
        arguments over one, so "passwd" is read instead of "-m".
    Also, you should use the complete path to rpc.yppasswdd

        For example:

        /usr/etc/rpc.yppasswdd /var/yp/passwd -nosingle -m passwd DIR=/var/yp

    Note: Only use the DIR=/var/yp if your source files for passwd, group,
          etc are in /var/yp. If they are in /etc you do not need
              to and should not specify the DIR= parameter.

    Also, you can modify the NIS Makefile to change to the location
    of the maps (ie modify DIR= in /var/yp/Makefile). Than you
    could use something like this instead of the above line:

        /usr/etc/yppasswdd /var/yp/maps/passwd -noshell -m passwd

    This assumes that all NIS text/source files are in
        /var/yp/maps

        If you are running the C2 security package, you should apply
        the C2 Jumbo patch, as it fixes several problems with rpc.yppasswdd
    and rpc.pwdauthd. The patch number is

    100201-04 or greater for SunOS 4.1 and 4.1.1
    100564-06 or greater for SunOS 4.1.2 and 4.1.3

    Last Updated:  April 27, 1995.

13)     What does NFS getattr failed/RPC: Authentication error mean?

        You are probably running a pre-4.0 version of NFS and your
        username is in more than 8 groups.  There is a limit on the
        number of groups that could be represented in the rpc service
        (called NGRPS).  On pre-4.0 systems this was 8, now it is 16.
        Since many vendors other than Sun are still running old versions
        of NFS, you might see this error even if your SunOS is recent.

        Authentication errors are also caused by having secure RPC
        enabled on the client but not on the server, or by having a
        misconfigured secure RPC configuration for the user name
        generating the errors.  Beware of this problem when you are
        using the automounter, as programs (such as Sendmail) may
        silently fail when when they try to mount a directory
        and get this error.


14)     Why did my Quantum 105 megabyte hard disk stop working?

    This the now infamous Quantum drive "stickation" problem.

    If the drive is allowed to cool down(even for a short period
    of time) the drive lubricant will congeal and prevent the disks
    platters from rotating.

    Before you get a replacement, try lightly tapping
        the drive to loosen the lubricant. If this does not work try
    shaking and twisting the drive at the same time. One last
    thing to try is to lift the system up a couple of inches
    and drop it.

15)     Can I replace the 105 megabyte internal drive with a higher capacity
        model?

    The newer disk drives can be used without worrying about heat
    or power supply capacity problems.

    However, older technology drives drives create more heat and draw
    more power than the 105S.  The case cooling ability and power supply
        in the SS-1 and SS-1+ are not adequate for the 210 megabyte or higher
        capacity drives possible in the SS-2.

    As long as you make sure that the drive draws no more power
    than the 105-Meg drive you should have no problems.

    Only the SPARCstation 1 and 1+ have these limitations.

16)     How can I turn my Sun3 into an X-Terminal?

        You can use Seth Robertson's Xkernel package.  It is available
        via anonymous ftp from ftp.ctr.columbia.edu (128.59.64.40) in
        /Xkernel.  The package describes how to configure a minimal kernel
        that runs the X server and offloads all the clients onto another,
        hopefully more powerful host on the network.

    As of this writing the current version of Xkernel is 2.0 and
    it should work on both SPARC and Sun3 platforms.

    Xkernel is attractive to some sites that have a large investment in
        sun3 platforms, as moving  most of the processing off the sun3
        cpu makes it tolerable to use.

    Finally, a used 3/50 is competitive with low-end X Terminal and
        you get a 19" monitor with an optical mouse.


17)    Why is my console login prompt garbled or in some strange
    alphabet after upgrading to 4.1.3?

        The problem is /etc/ttytab, with 4.1.3, the console is now
    able to display 8 bits characters and getty must take this
    into account.

    The solution is easy, replace your console entry in /etc/ttytab
    by the following, the important part is 'cons8':

    console "/usr/etc/getty cons8"  sun             on local secure

    Also, if you did an upgrade(instead of a full install) you may
    need to add the following to your /etc/gettytab.

    # This is a new entry to internationalize the console.  It needs to be
    # 8 bit clean so that ISO 8859 characters can be displayed without
    # the window system.
    #
    cons8:\
            :p8:lm=\r\n%h login\72 :sp#9600:


18)      Why are the "random" missing services at boot time or any other time
    (even though the services are in the /etc/services file or NIS map)?

    The three primary causes for "random" missing services are
    as follows:

        A) "Blank" lines in /etc/services on the YP/NIS Master.
           Delete the blank line and remake the services map.

        B) Check the permissions on /etc/services. Non-root
           processes need read permissions so /etc/services
           should be mode 644.

        C) NIS/YP server not responding quickly enough
           to the "getservbyname" call because each getservbyname
           call reads the whole map.  One fix is to replace the
           systems version of inetd with a version that re-tries the
           "unknown" service.

           I have "hacked" a version of munetd(public domain
           replacement for inetd) to do this. It is available
           from ftp.ececs.uc.edu. Get the file
            /pub/sun-faq/Source/munetd.tar.Z

           Another solution to this problem is outlined in part C below.

        D) Sun's implementation of the services map is incorrect. To
               correct this problem you will need to replace some library
           routines in libc and rebuild the shared library.
           These routines and directions on installing them are
           available from ftp.ececs.uc.edu.  Get the file
           /pub/sun-faq/Source/getservent.tar.Z.

        E) Another fix(if you do not want to modify your libc's) is
           to just remove the services map from NIS. However,
           you will need to update the services file by hand on
           all clients. We are running all NIS hosts this way and
               it seems to work quite well.



19)    Where can I get Data Certified tapes for 4-mm or 8-mm tape drives
    (at reasonable price)?

    Here is an incomplete list of vendors how have "data certified"
    tapes for the exabyte.

    Misco               800-876-1726   $12 - 15 each.
    TecBridge          800-972-7405   $9 - 15 each.
    R-Squared          800-777-3478     Sony 112m 120@8.00 Each
    K and K Systems          612-475-1527     $10 Each
    SCR              314-739-0808     $10.95 for Memorex
    CPI                 800-522-4274      Sony 112m 120@7.00 Each

    Last Updated:  July 22, 1995.

20)    What is "archie"?

    Archie is a database of what is on several thousand anonymous
    ftp sites.

    To use archie get one of the three archie clients which
    are as follows:

        xarchie        -    For use under X11
        c-archie    -     Curses version of Archie
        archie        -     Perl Version of Archie

    Theses are available from archie.ans.net in the directory
    /pub/archie.

    List of other publicly available archie servers:

    archie.rutgers.edu   128.6.18.15     (Rutgers University)
    archie.unl.edu       129.93.1.14     (University of Nebraska
                                          in Lincoln)
    archie.sura.net      128.167.254.179 (SURAnet archie server)
    archie.ans.net       147.225.1.2     (ANS archie server)
    archie.au            139.130.4.6     (Australian server)
    archie.funet.fi      128.214.6.100   (European server in Finland)
    archie.doc.ic.ac.uk  146.169.11.3    (UK/England server)
    archie.cs.huji.ac.il 132.65.6.15     (Israel server)
    archie.wide.ad.jp    133.4.3.6       (Japanese server)
    archie.th-darmstadt.de 130.83.128.111 (German server)


21)    How do I synchronize time on my Network?

    You should use xntp version 3 to synchronize your time. Xntp
    synchronizes to "atomic" and/or Radio Frequency clocks. Using
    xntp time should always be within a few "milliseconds" of the
    actual time. Xntp does not require a "atomic" clock, any
    stable UNIX host clock will do.

    You can get XNTP version 3 from

        ftp://louie.udel.edu/pub/ntp/


    XNTP works with all versions of SunOS(4.x and 5.x).

    A web page for is also available at  http://www.eecis.udel.edu/~ntp

    Note: There is a Mac Control version of XNTP now available.

    Last Updated:  July 26, 1995.

22)    What is the phone number for Sun Express and other numbers of importance
    to Sun Users?

    Sun Express:         1-800-USE-SUNX (1-800-873-7869)
    Main Sun Helpline:     1-800-USA-4SUN (1-800-872-4786)

    Auspex Systems Inc. :   2952 Bunker Hill Lane
                            Santa Clara, CA 95054
                            [phone] or [phone]
                                Fax: [phone]


23)     How do I join sun related  mailing lists?

    Mailing Lists:

    Sun Managers:    Used for "emergency" information only. The
            users of this list are "very" knowledgeable.
        [e-mail]    add requests
        [e-mail]        submissions

        Sun-386i:   discussion about the Sun 386i product
            [e-mail]        add requests
            [e-mail]                    submissions


    Suns-at-Home is a mailing list devoted to folks who have Sun
    Workstations at home.  We hope to cover topics such as:

        - Maintenance and parts
        - Software
        - dial-up access (SLIP, modems)
        - Uses of Suns at Home (Home control, UUCP, BBS systems)

    You can reach Suns-at-home through the following addresses:

        Article submissions go to:
                [e-mail]

        Administrative requests go to:
                [e-mail]


        Auspex:  managers of Auspex NFS file servers
            [e-mail]                    add requests
            [e-mail]                            submissions

        Epoch:  managers of Epoch NFS file servers
            EPoch Users Forum  (EPUF)
            [e-mail]                        add requests
            [e-mail]                                submissions

    Various SunFlash Mailing Lists:

    SunFlash:
          Articles about Sun from Sun. Includes Press Releases,
          detailed intros, Sun e-newsletters, sunergy announcements

          John J. McLaughlin Editor/Publisher ([e-mail])

          Available in a variety of formats:
          List name      Description

          sunflash      daily sunflash. Many articles will have just
                    summaries for the articles posted.
                    use the autoresponder to get the full text
          sunflash-f      full list - all articles - no summaries
          sunflash-w      weekly list - one summary article per week
          sunflash-m      monthly list - one summary article per week
          mt-sunflash      summary article in the message body, and
                    all articles included as MailTool style
                    attachemensts
          mime-sunflash   like mt-sunflash, but with MIME attachements
          mt-sunflash-w   like mt-sunflash but once per week
          mime-sunflash-w like mime-sunflash but once per week

          Subscribe by sending email to [e-mail]
          The message body should contain the word subscribe
          followed by one of above lists names. E.g.
              subscribe mt-sunflash


    The Sun FlashBack:
          Articles of interest to the Sun community from
          vendors other than Sun. Includes Press Releases,
          Sun User Group announcements, Product announcements,
          Company newsletters, newsletter table of contents
          (e.g. "HPCwire", "WEBster', "SPARCFlash"),
          trade magazine table of contents (e.g. "Advanced Systems",
          "Open Computing", "Sun Onserver"), Conference/Seminar/
          Trade-Show announcements, Text Book announcements,
          Sponsored technical articles.

          John J. McLaughlin Editor/Publisher ([e-mail])

          Available in a variety of formats:
          List name      Description

          flashback      daily flashback. Many articles will have just
                    summaries for the articles posted.
                    use the autoresponder to get the full text
          flashback-f      full list - all articles - no summaries
          flashback-w     weekly list - one summary article per week
          flashback-m     monthly list - one summary article per week
          mt-flashback      summary article in the message body, and
                    all articles included as MailTool style
                    attachemensts
          mime-flashback   like mt-flashback, but with MIME attachements
          mt-flashback-w   like mt-flashback but once per week
          mime-flashback-w like mime-flashback but once per week

          Subscribe by sending email to [e-mail]
          The message body should contain the word subscribe
          followed by one of above lists names. E.g.
              subscribe mt-flashback

          Send for intro (article 9001), help, index or fullindex
          to [e-mail].
          ftp archives on draco.nova.edu pub/sunflash
          WWW files on draco.nova.edu pub/sunflash/www
          URL ftp://draco.nova.edu/pub/sunflash/www/index.html


    NOTE!!!  if you wish to be added to one of the above mailing lists,
             send mail to the REQUEST address!  Do not send add requests
         to the main address!

    Last Updated:  Sept 25, 1995.

24)    How do I use Mac floppies in a SUN drive?

    You can not use "real" Mac floppies without buying either
    one of the emulator packages like Liken from Andataco(?) or
    Mae from Apple (only runs on Solaris2.3 or above). They
    is another product or two that just allows you to mount
    Macintosh floppies onto your Sun but the vendors
    and product names escape me now.

    That said if all you want to do is exchange files
    the easiest way is to use suntar on the Macintosh to
    copy files to a "high density" floppy.  Then you can use
    "tar" or "bar" on the Sun to get the files off this floppy.
    It is available from ftp.ececs.uc.edu (129.137.8.99)
    as /pub/sun-faq/Source/suntar-203.hqx or visit
    the Info Mac archives at wuarchive.wustl.edu.

    or

    You could use the Apple File Exchanger to translate
    the files to MS-DOS format. Then use one of the many
    methods for transferring MS-DOS disks to Sun. System 7.5 now
    mounts dos floppies automatically no need for Apple File
    Exchanger.

    These methods should only be used with files like ascii files,
    wordprocessor files, and  spreadsheet data files. Mac
    application programs should not be transfered.

    Finally, low density Mac floppies are not compatable
    with Sun floppy drives.

    Last Updated:  January 27, 1995.


25)    How can I transfer floppies back and forth between MS-DOS and Sparc?

    For Solaris2.2 and above you can use the Volume Manager to
    control your disks and CD-ROM's. Under SunOS 4.0 there are two
    packages which allow you to do mount floppies (mtools and mntdisk).
    Both of these packages use the 3-1/2inch floppy drive available
        on most SPARCstations.  Mntdisk can be used to manage CD-ROMS
    and other removable media types as well.

    With the advent of the Volume manager in Solaris2.2 these programs
    have been rendered somewhat obsolete. Under Solaris2.x use
    volcheck -v to check in a floppy. Than you can use normal UNIX
    commands on this floppy like cd, mkdir, cp, mv, and ls. It usually
    gets mounted on /vol/floppy0

    Mtools writes directly to the floppy device and it does not
    require any special privileges. It is faster than mntdisk
    but it requires the user to learn a new set of commands.
    A copy of mtools can be found at

        ftp.ececs.uc.edu:/pub/sun-faq/Source/mtools-2.0.7.tar.Z

    With the proper changes to the source code mtools can even
    be made to work with the Solaris2.x Volume Manager. All
    you need to do is make mtools look in /vol/dev/diskette/...
    for the floppy devices.

    mntdisk "mounts" the floppy using the "pcfs" filesystem type. Once
    mounted you can use regular UNIX commands(cp,mv,and rm)
    to access it. The pcfs filesystem is quite slow compared
    to using mtools above.  Mntdisk is available in your local
    comp.sources.misc archive, Volume 22, Issues 31-33.
    Mntdsk can be used to mount CD-ROMS and even UFS floppies.

    You should never use "setuid" shell scripts for mounting floppies.
    Also, C programs that use the system() function call should
    not be used either. Both can open up huge security holes
    which hackers can be used to break into your system.


    Last Updated:  January 27, 1995.


26)    Why is my biff not "biffing" when using biff in a networked
    environment?

    In its current form comsat/biff are only usable on the mail
    server. You need to replace them network capable programs.

    A shar file containing network capable versions of comsat
    and biff is available from ftp.ececs.uc.edu. Get the
    file /pub/sun-faq/Source/biff-comsat.

27)    How do I disable L1-A(STOP-A) or re-map it?

    You need to get one of the many re-mapping programs. You
    can get it from:

        ftp.ececs.uc.edu:/pub/sun-faq/Source/disable-L1-A.tar.Z

    Always password protect your NVRAM. Set the security
    to command otherwise anyone can set this password
    to anything they want. Of course you can get it back
    as root by doing a strings /dev/eeprom and it should
    show up in plain text. This assumes you have root
    access.

28)     Why are all the local users "unknown" when using sendmail under 4.1.2?

    There is a known problem with sendmail and frozen config
    files under 4.1.2.

    The fix is to remove /etc/sendmail.fc. Also, You could
    try moving it to the end of /etc/rc.local.

    However, the best "fix" may be to install the new Berkeley
    Sendmail it has a number of enhancements, performance
    improvements, and security enhancements.

    You can get Berkeley sendmail from ftp.cs.berkeley.edu(128.32.149.78).
    Get the following files: /ucb/sendmail/*8*6*9*
                 /ucb/4bsd/db.tar.Z
    Also, you will need bind 4.9 and it can be found on
    gatekeeper.dec.com(16.1.0.2) in the /pub/BSD/bind/4.9
    directory.

    Finally, if you do not want to build the Berkeley sendmail for
    yourself I will be willing to mail you a copy.

29)    What are the dump parameters for an exabyte 8200 or 8500?

    8200 -- dump 0budfs 126 54000 /dev/rst0 6000    /filesystem
    8500 -- dump 0budfs 126 54000 /dev/rst0 13000   /filesystem

    Under 4.1.2 and above you should use rst8. Previous SunOS versions
    did not do anything special for the 8500.

    These parameters are not needed for Solaris 2.x because it can
    do the right thing if it reaches EOT (end of tape).

    Sept 20, 1995

30)    What are the guidelines for setting up swap space ?

    In SunOS 4.x the amount of swap space and Virutal memory
    are one and the same so you need at least as much swap
    as real memory.

    In SunOS 5.x the amount of Virutal memory is equal
    swap space plus real memory. Under SunOS 5.x you
    can actually get away with having no swap space at
    all. We are running a SPARCserver 1000 with no swap
    and 192-Meg of real memory.  Of course you will
    end up wasting some space because things that really
    could be swapped out can not be.

    The old rule of thumb is 1.5 to 2 times real memory. This
    can lead to wasted disk space (by having too much swap
    space) or to not having enough. What you need to do
    is to estimate your swap space needs.

    Of course if you under-estimate your swap needs or periodically
    need additonal swap space you can use mkfile to create
    a swapfile (ie mkfile 25m swapfile). Do not use the "-n"
    option on local swap files. This option should be only
    used for NFS mounted swap space.

    To use you new swap space  you can use the following
    commands:

        swapon /fullpath/to/file    -- SunOS 4.x
    or
        swap  -a /fullpath/to/file    -- SunOS 5.x

    To delete the swap space under SunOS 4.x you have
    to reboot.  In SunOS 5.x you can delete swap space
    using swap -d .

    You can also turn swap space into filesystem space by mounting a
    tmpfs filesystem in swap.  A tmpfs file is not completely
    equivalent to a disk file, since file and record locking is not
    supported.  However tmpfs is nice since you now have one block of
    disk being shared by the swap space and the filesystem, with the
    split being dynamically changed depending on usage.

    Finally, if you use X and tend to leave many applications in core
    in various windows, you'll need much more swap space.

    Last Updated: July  7, 1995.

31)    What are the general guidelines for maxusers to be set to on machine X?

    This question is being written.

32)    What does "zsN: silo overflow" mean?

        The CPU serial ports - both ordinary serial ports A and B, and
        the port for the keyboard and mouse - use the Zilog Z8530 SCC
        chip.  That chip has a 3-character on-board buffer called the
        "silo".  If a character arrives in the silo, the chip interrupts
        the CPU at a high priority, and the interrupt service routine
        reads the character out of the silo.

        If the interrupt isn't serviced in time, more than 3 characters
        can be placed in the silo by the chip; if so, the chip notes
        that the silo "overflowed", and the interrupt service routine,
        when called, will note that a "silo overflow" occurred.

        If the machine is printing a message from the kernel, interrupts
        from the chip will be held off; if the message takes long enough
        to print, and characters are coming in quickly enough on the
        serial port, more than 3 can arrive, and a "silo overflow" will
        occur.

        It is possible that a machine that's sufficiently busy in other
        code that runs with interrupts held off could get a silo
        overflow as well.

33)    What does the "N" in "zsN: silo overflow", and other "zsN" messages,
    signify?

        The name "zsN" is ambiguous.

        In kernel "config" files, and in the boot-time autoconfig
        messages, "zs0" is the first on-board Z8530 chip, the two
        channels of which handle "ttya" and "ttyb", respectively, and
        "zs1" is the second on-board Z8530 chip, the two channels of
        which handle the keyboard and mouse ports, respectively.

        In "zsN: silo overflow" messages and the like:

                "zs0" is the A channel on the first on-board Z8530, handling
                    "ttya";

                "zs1" is the B channel on the first on-board Z8530, handling
                    "ttyb";

                "zs2" is the A channel on the second on-board Z8530, handling
                    the keyboard;

                "zs3" is the B channel on the second on-board Z8530, handling
                    the mouse.

        So a "zs0: silo overflow" error is for "ttya", and a "zs1: silo
        overflow" error is for "ttyb", not for the keyboard or mouse.
        Keyboard silo overflows are "zs2: silo overflow"; mouse silo
        overflows are "zs3: silo overflow".


34)    How do I set up a Sun serial port both for dial-in and dial-out?

        You need to read Chapter 11 in  the "Systems and Network
    Administration" manual.


35)    I can't get my Sun, running SunOS 4.1[.x], to establish a UUCP
    connection to some non-Sun machine; it won't log in.  What's wrong?

        The 4.1[.x] UUCP normally runs in even-parity mode when logging
        into another machine.  If the other machine is running in 8
        bits, no parity, mode, the fact that the 8th bit is set on some
        of the characters the Sun is sending to it will confuse it.

        The Sun can be made to turn the 8th bit off by putting
        P_ZERO into the "expect / send" sequence for dialing.
        Good places are /etc/uucp/Systems or /etc/uucp/Dialers.
        Putting it into the Dialers file has the advantage, that
        it's compatible with Taylor UUCP 1.04 and 1.05. You might
        want Taylor UUCP for better UUCP throughput using Taylor
        UUCP's bidirectional i-proto. Here is an example for the
        /etc/uucp/Dialers file, it introduces additionally the
        option of using Hardware Handshaking between modem and
        computer:

        zyxel =,-, "" P_ZERO "" \dA\pTM1S42.6=1\r\c OK\r
                       \EATDT\T\r\c CONNECT STTY=crtscts

        Note: this has to be _ONE_ line !!!


    Last Updated: April  27, 1995.

36)    Do the Sun serial ports support RTS/CTS flow control?

        The serial port hardware can do CTS-based control of the flow of
        data *from* the Sun *out* the serial port automatically.  The
        tty driver option for that is the CRTSCTS option; it can be
        specified in:

                the "printcap" "ms" capability for a printer;

                in the "gettytab" "ms", "m0", "m1", or "m2" capabilities
                for a dial-in port;

                the "STTY=" option for a dial-out line for UUCP or "cu"
                [check the UUCP documentation for details];

        and can be specified with the "hf" capability in "/etc/remote"
        for "tip".

        The hardware cannot directly do RTS-based control of the flow of
        data *into* the Sun, and the software does not currently support
        controlling the flow of data into the Sun with RTS.

        NOTE: the EEPROM options in newer Suns do not affect the flow

        control performed by the OS; in fact, the OS ignores the
        "ttya-mode", "ttyb-mode", "ttya-rts-dtr-off", and
        "ttyb-rts-dtr-off" EEPROM options entirely.  You don't need to
        set them to change the way the OS handles the tty, and even if
        you do set them, it won't change the way the OS handles the tty.

    Sun has released a new jumbo tty patch 100513-04 for SunOS 4.1.2
    and 4.1.3 that incorporates changes to the tty driver to
    support RTS/CTS handshaking. Anyone trying to get RTS/CTS
    handshaking to work should get this patch.


37)    How do I specify that a serial port should, or should not, ignore the
    state of the Carrier Detect line?

        Prior to SunOS 4.1, you do so either by:

                changing the "flags" field for the serial port device in the
                kernel "config" file, re-running "config", rebuilding
                the kernel, and rebooting with the new kernel;

        or, on the Sun-4c machines:

                changing the setting of the "ttya-ignore-cd" or
                "ttyb-ignore-cd" EEPROM settings if the port is one of
                the CPU serial ports.

        In SunOS 4.1 (and, I think, some SunOS 4.0[.x] releases for the
        Sun386i), you do so by changing the "/etc/ttytab" line for the
        port in question to have the "local" attribute if CD is to be
        ignored, or not to have it if CD is not to be ignored, and
        running the "ttysoftcar" command to tell the kernel that the
        status of the "ignore CD" flag should be changed.

        In 4.1, there's no need to change the EEPROM setting to change
        SunOS's behavior; it may affect the PROM's behavior, but that's
        the only reason why it'd be necessary.

38)    I put in a new "termcap" entry, or updated an existing "termcap" entry,
    for a terminal, but "vi" doesn't seem to know about my change.  Why?

        The "vi" in SunOS 4.1[.x] is based on the System V Release 3.1
        "vi", because that version of "vi" supports 8-bit character
        sets.  That version of "vi" uses "terminfo", not "termcap"; you
        have to change the "terminfo" entry for the terminal.

        You may first have to convert the compiled "terminfo" entry to a
        text entry; "/usr/5bin/infocmp -I <terminal-type>" will write
        the text of the "terminfo" entry for the terminal
        <terminal-type> to its standard output.

        If you already have a "termcap" entry, you can convert it to a
        "terminfo" entry with "/usr/5bin/captoinfo".

        A text "terminfo" entry must be recompiled in order for programs
        using "terminfo" to use it; "/usr/5bin/tic" will recompile it.

39)    I have a Type 5 keyboard, and find its placement of the Caps Lock,
    Control, and Esc keys inconvenient.  How do I remedy this?

        Well, one remedy may be to buy the "UNIX layout" version of the
        Type 5; this option seems, unfortunately, to be little-known to
        Sun customers, and Sun may not be promoting it as they should.
        That keyboard has a layout much more friendly to the traditional
        UNIX user than do the normal PC-style layouts for the Type 5.

        If you don't have that option, you can use the appropriate
        program to reprogram the keys; see the next question.

40)    How can I move keys around on a Sun keyboard, for example exchanging the
    Caps Lock and Control keys on a Type 5 keyboard?

        It depends on which window system you're running, if any.

        If you're not using any window system, or you're using a window
        system such as SunView that uses the OS's keyboard event
        translation mechanism, you can dump the tables used by the OS's
        keyboard event translation mechanism with the "dumpkeys"
        command, and load changes to that table with the "loadkeys"
        command; see LOADKEYS(1).

        If you're using X11 - either in its MIT incarnation, or Sun's
        Open Windows incarnation - or some other window system that
        shuts off the OS's keyboard event translation mechanism, you
        need to use the window system's commands, if any, for that
        function.

        In X11, the command for that is "xmodmap"; its translation
        tables can be printed with "xmodmap -pk", and changes to that
        table can be loaded with "xmodmap" as well.

        NOTE: in the particular case of the Control and Caps Lock keys,
        while MIT X appears to handle interchanging those two keys
        correctly, so that the new Caps Lock key is a toggle and the new
        Control key is not, some versions of Open Windows do not - even
        though the keys have had their mappings exchanged, the window
        system server still thinks that the *old* Caps Lock key, which
        is now the Control key, should be a toggle, and that the *old*
        Control key, which is now the Caps Lock key, should not be a
        toggle.
    [Here is a work-around for this problem, provided by Mark Plotnick
    ([e-mail])]:
    Copy the appropriate keytable (e.g. /usr/openwin/etc/keytables/US4.kt)
    to $HOME/.keytable, and change the 2nd attribute character in a key's
    attributes field to N or P depending on whether the key should have
    "pseudolock".
    $ diff /usr/openwin/etc/keytables/US4.kt /usr/gre/.keytable
    78,79c78,79
    < lock  119                     # CapsLock
    < control        76                     # Control
    ---
    > lock   76                     # CapsLock
    > control       119                     # Control
    226c226
    < 76    NN      XK_Control_L
    ---
    > 76    NP      XK_Caps_Lock
    278c278
    < 119   NP      XK_Caps_Lock
    ---
    > 119   NN      XK_Control_L


41)    My Sun doesn't have an ANSI C compiler.  How can I get one?

        SunOS releases prior to 5.x come with a C compiler. However,
        it was an old compiler, and it didn't support ANSI C syntax or
        ANSI C features.

    The SunSoft Catalyst CD #5 contains the binaries for the GNU C
    compiler for Solaris 1.x and 2.x. You should get the latest
    version of GCC and compile it using this compiler.

        Many vendors offer ANSI C compilers for SunOS.  Sun sells Sun C
        1.1 for SPARC, which includes an ANSI C compiler (although not a
        full ANSI C environment, i.e. it doesn't necessarily include all
        the ANSI C include files or library routines); various other
        vendors (Lucid? Others?) sell ANSI C compilers as well.

        The Free Software Foundation's GCC also supports ANSI C syntax
        and ANSI C features. It can be FTP'ed in source form from many
        sites, and in binary form from some sites.

    A compiled version of the latest GCC for SunOS 5.x is available from
    prep.ai.mit.edu. The directory containing these files is

        /pub/gnu/sparc-sun-solaris2

    You need to get the following files:

        gzip-binaries-1.x.x.tar
        INSTALL.gcc
        gcc-binaries-2.x.x.tar.gz

    Note: You need the gzip binaries to ungzip the gcc binaries.

    After obtaining GCC, you will need to run fixincludes.
    The INSTALL.gcc file will tell you how.

    Note: The following sites mirror the GNU software distribution
          from prep.ai.mit.edu:

        ASIA:         utsun.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp:/ftpsync/prep,
                    cair.kaist.ac.kr:/pub/gnu
        AUSTRALIA:     archie.oz.au:/gnu (archie.oz or archie.oz.au for ACSnet)
        AFRICA:     ftp.sun.ac.za:/pub/gnu
        MIDDLE-EAST:     ftp.technion.ac.il:/pub/unsupported/gnu
        EUROPE:     irisa.irisa.fr:/pub/gnu, grasp1.univ-lyon1.fr:pub/gnu,
              ftp.mcc.ac.uk, unix.hensa.ac.uk:/pub/uunet/systems/gnu,
              src.doc.ic.ac.uk:/gnu, ftp.win.tue.nl, ugle.unit.no,
            ftp.denet.dk, ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de:/pub/gnu,
            ftp.informatik.tu-muenchen.de, ftp.eunet.ch,
            nic.switch.ch:/mirror/gnu, nic.funet.fi:/pub/gnu,
            isy.liu.se, ftp.stacken.kth.se,
            ftp.luth.se:/pub/unix/gnu, archive.eu.net
           CANADA: ftp.cs.ubc.ca:/mirror2/gnu
        USA:     wuarchive.wustl.edu:/mirrors/gnu, labrea.stanford.edu,
          ftp.kpc.com:/pub/mirror/gnu, ftp.cs.widener.edu,
          col.hp.com:/mirrors/gnu, ftp.cs.columbia.edu:/archives/gnu/prep,
          gatekeeper.dec.com:/pub/GNU, ftp.uu.net:/systems/gnu


    You should check the site close to you before ftping to
    prep.


42)    How do I change the time zone setting on my machine?

        In releases prior to SunOS 4.0, you will have to reconfigure
        your kernel, recompile it, install the new kernel, and reboot.
        See the documentation on kernel configuration.

        In SunOS 4.0 and later releases, you will need to run the "zic"
        command with the "-l" flag, with the appropriate time zone
        setting as the argument.  For example, to set the time zone to
        US Eastern Time, do:

                zic -l US/Eastern

        to set it to the proper setting for Great Britain and Eire, do:

                zic -l GB-Eire

        and so on.

        You will then probably want to reboot your machine, in order to:

                1) cause any daemons started before the time zone was
                   changed to restart, and pick up the new time zone;

               2) run "tzsetup" for the benefit of old pre-SunOS 4.0
                   binaries, old programs not converted to use the new
                   routines to convert local time to UNIX time, and
                   Calendar Manager.

        You can also manually link "/usr/share/lib/zoneinfo/localtime"
        to the appropriate time zone file, but there's really no point
        in doing so when "zic -l" will do that for you.

        In Solaris 2.x, you do it the same way you do it on any other
        SVR4 system - you put a line that says

                TZ=<time zone name>

        in "/etc/TIMEZONE", or change the existing line, and reboot.
        SVR4 includes the "Arthur Olson" time zone code that SunOS 4.x
        also uses, although not all SVR4 systems supply the time zone
        files for it; Solaris 2.0 does.


43)    I'm getting messages that say one of the following:
         proc: table is full    and/or
            file: table is full    and/or
            dquot: table is full     and/or
            inode: table is full
         What do these errors mean, and how do I fix the problem?

        In SunOS releases prior to 5.0, many tables in the system are
        allocated once at system startup time, with a fixed size, and do
        not grow in size.  If the system needs more entries than are
        present in that table to perform some operation, it can't
        perform the operation, and it will log a message and return a
        failure indication.

        The sizes of the tables in question are based on the "maxusers"
        value in the configuration file for your kernel; to increase the
        size of the table, change the configuration file for your kernel
        to have a larger "maxusers" value, re-run "config" on that file,
        rebuild the kernel, install the new kernel, and reboot.

        SunOS 4.1 and later shouldn't get "inode: table is full", as
        that table is dynamically allocated; SunOS 5.0 should
        dynamically allocate entries in most if not all of those tables.

       I did that, and I'm still getting that message.  What do I do now?

        Presumably, then, either:

                1) you didn't increase "maxusers" enough

        or

                2) some process is consuming resources from the table in
                   question without bound.


    Note: SunOS kernels(up to 4.1.3) by default allow the user to use
          all available process slots(except for the last 5).

          If you are running out of process slots you may want to
          change the kernel parameter that controls the maximum number
          of per user processes. You can change this in the param.c
          in /sys/conf.common. You will need to change the following
          define:

            #define MAXUPRC (NPROC - 5)

          to something more reasonable like

            #define MAXUPRC (NPROC - 5)/2

          After making this change you should re-config and re-build
          your kernel.

        The "proc" table has one entry for every process on the system;
        if it's overflowing, some process on the system may be creating
        new processes over and over again.  If you can, do a "ps -ax" to
        see what processes are on the system, and see if that gives any
        clues as to what process, if any, is spawning those other
        processes.


        The "file" table has one entry for every "active file
        descriptor" on the system; each time an "open", "dup", "socket",
        etc. call is made, a new "active file descriptor" is required.
        There's no way of finding out what process or processes are
        consuming file descriptors that's as convenient as "ps" can be
        for finding out what process or processes are spawning additional
        processes; "/usr/etc/pstat -f" will print the "open file table"
        of "active file descriptors", but it's tricky for the novice
        user, programmer, or administrator to interpret the output of
        "pstat -f", and that output doesn't indicate which processes are
        using a given "active file descriptor".


44)     Blank at present.

45)     How do I run both OpenWindows and MIT X11R5?

    OpenWindows 2.0 is compatible with X11R3 plus some extensions,
    OpenWindows 3.0 is compatible with X11R4, and  OpenWindows 3.3
    is completely standard X11R5 with Display Postscript extensions
    added and many Sun hardware-specific performance improvements.

    To get X11R5(or R4) applications to run under Openwindows you will
    need to set the appropriate LD_LIBRARY_PATH.

        Assuming you installed the MIT libraries in
        /usr/lib and the OpenWindows libraries are in
        /usr/openwin/lib, set the following before you start the
        windowing system:

        MIT X11R4 environment

                set path = (/usr/bin/X11 $path)
                setenv LD_LIBRARY_PATH /usr/lib

       OpenWindows

                set path = (/usr/openwin/bin /usr/openwin/demo $path)
                setenv LD_LIBRARY_PATH /usr/openwin/lib

        You can also run clients from one environment under a different
        server on a one command at a time basis.  This example runs a

         OpenWindows client under the MIT server:

                (setenv LD_LIBRARY_PATH /usr/openwin/lib; x_soundtool)


    A better way to handle this(in the long run) is to re-compile
    the X server clients to include a "hard" coded shared library
    search path. You will need to link the clients with -L
    option.  For example, if your X11 libraries are installed
    in /usr/local/lib/X11 you will link your application by

           cc -o app app.c -L/usr/local/lib/X11 -lX11 -lXext

    By doing this to all applications you can eliminate the need
    to set the LD_LIBRARY_PATH.

    For applications that you do not have source for you should
    write a shell script wrapper similar to the following:

    #!/bin/sh
    LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/lib/X11; export LD_LIBRARY_PATH
    /usr/local/bin/X11/xterm.bin $*


    Note: Source code for the Xview toolkit and MIT X11R5 are
          available from prep.ai.mit.edu.


        The OpenWindows server has the ability to display PostScript that
        several of the OpenWindows applications require to run.  Sun's
        AnswerBook is an example that requires PostScript.  These clients
        will not run under the MIT server.

    You can get a limited PostScript preview capability under
    either server with GNU Ghostscript, a GNU "copyleft" package
    available from various ftp sites.

    Two enhanced versions of Ghostscript are also available,
        CSPreview and Ghostview, they both offer fancier preview capabilities.
        These programs are currently available via anonymous ftp:

        Ghostscript is on prep.ai.mit.edu (18.71.0.38) in /pub/gnu
        GSPreview   is on ftp.x.org (18.24.0.12) in /contrib
        Ghostview   is on prep.ai.mit.edu (128.105.2.196) in /pub/gnu


46)    Where do I find a "restricted" shell for SunOS?

    /usr/lib/rsh is a "restricted" Bourne shell.

        This "restricted" shell is easy to break out of; consider
        that most editors have a shell escape, for example. Building
        a window-dressing restricted environment is easy; building
        a real restricted environment is hard.


47)    Will SunOS 4.1.x binaries run under SunOS 5.x?

        Yes they will, with some restrictions. The most significant is
        that the binary in question must have been "dynamically linked."
        Otherwise, you will get the message

        Bad system call (core dumped)

        immediately when starting the 4.1.x binary on SunOS5.

    As of SunOS 5.3 "statically" linked binaries will now run
    in binary compatabilty mode.

        Finally, bear in mind that there may be a performance  penalty
    for using  binary compatabilty mode applications.

    Last Updated:  August 2, 1995.


48)    When I try to compile MITs X11R4 applications under Openwindows 3.0,
    I get the following "undefined" symbols(_get_wmShellWidgetClass, and
    _get_applicationShellWidgetClass). What is the Problem?

    There are problems with the Xmu shared library as shipped from Sun.

    There are two "fixes". One is to get the Openwindows patches
    that apply to this problem and the other is to "statically" link
    the Xmu library into the executable.

    The patches you will need are as follows:

        Patch i.d.      Bug i.d.'s      O/S     Description
        ----------      -------------------------------------------------------
        100512-04       1086793 1086912     4.1.x OpenWindows 3.0 libXt
            1074766         Jumbo patch

        100573-04       1087332         4.1.x OpenWindows 3.0 undefined
                        symbols when using shared
                        libXmu.

    Note: Always use the latest version of the above patch that you can
          find.

    To "statically" link your executable with libXmu modify the
    compile line as follows:

          -Bstatic -lXmu -Bdynamic


49)    What is Solaris?

    Solaris consists of the following facilities:

        1) SunOS
        2) Openwindows
        3) Openwindows deskset tools
        4) ONC networking products and services(which includes NFS
           and NIS)

    Solaris is not an operating system but a "complete" user
    environment.

    A chart of Solaris versions, and the corresponding SunOS, Open
    Windows, and DeskSet versions:

          Solaris         SunOS           Open Windows    DeskSet
          1.0             4.1.1           2.0             2.0
          1.0.1           4.1.2           2.0             2.0
          1.1             4.1.3           3.0             3.0
          1.1.1(a)        4.1.3_U1        3.0_U1*         3.0_U1*
          1.1.1(b)        4.1.3_U1_B      3.0_U1*         3.0_U1*

    Note: The "uname" output for 4.1.3_U1_B may only not contain
          the '_B' information.

          2.0             5.0             3.0.1           3.0.1
          2.1             5.1             3.1             3.1
          2.2             5.2             3.2             3.2
      2.3             5.3             3.3             3.3
      2.4             5.4             3.4             3.4

    *when patched with the patches on the 4.1.3_U1 CD.


    Last Updated: April  27, 1995.


50)     What does the "nres_gethostbyaddr !=" error mean?

    This message is generating by Sun's resolver libraries and
    it is caused by incorrectly configured Domain Name
    Server(the server that the resolver libraries are querying
    not necessarily the local Domain Name Server).

    The Domain Name Server probably lacks a reverse map entry for
    that particular host.

    Since this "bug" is closely associated with using ypserv,
    Sun has produced a patch to "ypserv" (bug #1039839).
    Sun supplied a patch 100141-01 to quiet it, but the
    patched version appears to die silently at random times,
    so Sun now has a new patch, 100141-02. Do not install this
    patch unless you are really getting a lot of these messages.


51)     How come my mouse only works in the vertical(or horizontal) direction,
    how do I repair it?


    Check the rotation of the PAD. Turn it 90 degrees and see if it
    works any better. The mouse will only work properly
    if the mouse pad is oriented properly. Make sure that the long
    side of the pad along the horizontal and the short side
    the vertical.

    Also, check to make sure that you have the right mouse pad. The
    newer the mouse the smaller the pad.

    Finally, if that does not work one of the LEDs on the under
     side of the mouse has probably "burnt" out.  Do not fooled
    by the fact that one of them is an infrared led (light that
    is invisable to naked eye) and the other visible.

    You can probably repair it yourself(if you can get a replacement
    LED and you know how to use a Soldering Iron) by following
    a set of directions available from

        ftp.ececs.uc.edu:/pub/sun-faq/Docs/FixingASunMouse

    Note: This discussion only applys to Type 4 optical mice and not
          the newer Type 5 mice.

    Last Updated: June  10, 1996.

52)    After rebuilding the shared library libc it get some or all the
    following undefined symbols: dlsym, dlopen, dlclose, mbstowcs_xccs,
            mbtowc_xccs,wcstombs_xccs, or wctomb_xccs.


    If you have just installed a new shared library under 4.1.2 or
    greater you need to modify the Makefile for the shared libraries
    and re-install. You will need to change the following line

        ld -assert pure-text `${OBJSORT} lorder-sparc tmp`
    to read
        ld -assert pure-text `${OBJSORT} lorder-sparc tmp` -ldl

    Note: You should change both such lines.

     Also, you may need to do a mv xccs.multibyte. xccs.multibyte.o
    to eliminate the  mbstowcs_xccs, mbtowc_xccs, wcstombs_xccs,
    or wctomb_xccs symbols errors.

    The above can occur under SunOS 4.1.1 if you have installed
    the "Linker Jumbo Patch"(Patch id# 100257-03 or greater).


53)    What does "No network locking on host" mean after upgrading to
    Solaris 2.0?

    Your SunOS 4.x(or above) machines are running an old version
    of rpc.lockd. You need to get and install patch number
    100075-11 or greater to correct this problem.

54)    Does Password Aging work with NIS(YP) ?

    Sun does not support password aging under NIS(OS version
    to 4.1.3). The rpc.yppasswdd needs to modified to make
    password aging work.

    Password aging will only work under SunOS 5.3(Solaris2.3)
    with NIS+.

55)    What does "rpc.lockd: Cannot contact status monitor!" mean?

    For some reason rpc.lockd can not talk to rpc.statd.

    Check to see if rpc.statd is running. If rpc.statd
    is not running re-start it. If rpc.statd is running,
    kill it and restart it. You will need to kill and restart
    rpc.lockd too.

    Use this procedure to restart rpc.lockd and rpc.statd.

        kill rpc.statd and rpc.lockd
        start rpc.statd
        wait a 10 seconds or so
        start rpc.lockd

    If this does not work kill rpc.statd and rpc.lockd
    remove /etc/sm /etc/sm.bak directories and re-start the
    daemons using the above procedure..


56)    How do I join the Sun User Group(SUG)?

    Here is the information on joining SUG.

        Sun User Group, Inc.
        1330 Beacon Street, Suite 315
        Brookline, MA 02146
        USA
        voice: [phone]        fax: [phone]
        [e-mail]

    With your membership you get the following:

        *  Vendor Discounts
        *  Technical Conferences
        *  Software Distribution
        *  README Newsletter
        *  Annual Exhibits
        *  Local User Group Support
        *  Newsgroup comp.org.sug


57)    How do I increase the number of "pseudo" terminals(ptys) ?

    For SunOS4.1.x:

    To add more ptys you must install a new kernel.

    The default number of "ptys" is  48.  To get more "ptys"
    change the kernel config line "pseudo-device pty" to
    "pseudo-device pty#" where '#" is the number of "ptys"
    you want.

    Be warned the maximum number you can have is 256.

    You will need to run /dev/MAKEDEV pty[0-5] to create the
    /dev/ entries.

    For SunOS5.x:

    In /etc/system, add the line:

            set pt_cnt=nnn     -- nnn can have a value up to 3000.
    touch /reconfigure
    and reboot using 'init 6'.

    For BSD style ptys set npty in /etc/system to the desired
    value(ie set npty=64).  You may need to make the ptys by
    hand and you will need to make likes from /dev to /devices for
    these devices.  Finally, you will need to edit /etc/iu.ap to
    automatically push the appropriate streams compatibility modules
        onto the new devices. You need to replace the line reading
            "ptsl 0 15 ldterm ttcompat"
    with
            "ptsl 0 <NUM> ldterm ttcompat"
    where <NUM> was one less than the number of compatibility ptys you
    need.


58)    Where are dump and restore under Solaris 2.x?

    dump is now called /usr/sbin/ufsdump
    restore is now called /usr/sbin/ufsrestore

59)    How do I make the numeric keypad on a type 5 keyboard work with xterm?

        You need to patch the /usr/lib/X11/app-defaults/XTerm and
        $OPENWINHOME/lib/app-defaults/XTerm files as described in sun
        patch 100713-01 or later.

60)    How do I swap the CAPS LOCK and CONTROL keys on a type 5 keyboard
    under Openwindows 3.0?

        Don't do it with xmodmap, since that won't change the locking
        behavior of CAPS LOCK. Edit $OPENWINHOME/etc/keytables/US5.kt.
        There are two places where keys 119 (CapsLock) and 76 (Control)
        should be swapped: the MODMAP section and the KEYSYMMAP section.
        The latter is most important, because that's where the
        "Pseudo-Lock" function (which controls the locking behaviour of
        the key) is defined.

61)    Which Sun models run which versions of SunOS?

      Sun-supported configurations:

      Sun2: SunOS 4.0.3 or earlier.
      Sun386i: SunOS 4.0, 4.0.1, 4.0.2 only.
      Sun3: SunOS 4.1.1_U1 or earlier.
      4/100, 4/200 series: SunOS 3.2, SunOS 4.0 or later.
      4/300 series: SunOS 4.0.3 or later.
      4/400 series: SunOS 4.1PSR_A or later.
      600 models 120, 140: SunOS 4.1.2 or later.
      600 model 41, 51: SunOS 4.1.3 or later.
      600 models 412, 512: Solaris 2.2 or later.
      600 model 514: Solaris 2.3 HW 8/94 or later.
      SPARCstation 1, 1+, SLC, IPC: SunOS 4.0.3 or later.
      SPARCstation 2, ELC, IPX: SunOS 4.1.1 or later.
      SPARCstation 10 models 20, 30, 40, 41, 51: SunOS 4.1.3 or later.
      SPARCstation 10 models 412, 512: Solaris 2.2 or later.
      SPARCstation 10 model 402: Solaris 2.2 or later.
      SPARCstation 10 model 514: Solaris 2.3 Hardware 8/94 or later.
      SPARCstation 20 models 50, 51, 61: SunOS 4.1.3_U1 revision B or later.
      SPARCstation 20 models 502, 514,612: Solaris 2.3 Hardware 8/94 or later.
      SPARCclassic, SPARCstation LX: SunOS 4.1.3C or later.
    SPARCstation Voyager: Solaris 2.3 HW 8/94 or later.
    SPARCstation 5: Solaris 1.1.1 Rev B or later.
    SPARCstation 20 model 71: Solaris 1.1.2 and Solaris 2.4 HW 11/94 or
            later.
    SPARCstation 20 model HS11: Solaris 1.1.2 and Solaris 2.4 HW 11/94 or
            later
    SPARCstation 20 model 712: Solaris 2.3 HW 8/94 or later.
    SPARCstation 4: Solaris 1.1.2 and Solaris 2.4 HW 11/94 or later
    SPARCserver 1000 and SPARCcenter 2000 : Solaris 2.2 or later and
         should really use at least 2.3.

    Some notes:

    Sun4 machines (4/1xx, 4/2xx, 4/3xx, and 4/4xx) will not be supported
    after Solaris2.4.

    The audio device on the SS5/SS20 has does not work under Solaris 1.1.1b
    without installing the ms2 patch found on the 1.1.1B CDROM or get
    the current Audio Patch from Sun. You will need patches to get the
    Audio to work properly under Solaris2.3 as well.

    Also, the SX Graphics card is only supported under Solaris2.3 HW 8/94
    or later. The Card will not run work under SunOS 4.1.x and unless
    some one other than Sun writes a driver it will never work.

    If you are running Solaris 1.x and newer versions of the SuperSPARC CPU
    (rev 3.5 and higher) require Solaris 1.1.1B.  See question 79 for
    the procedure used for determining SuperSPARC revision.

    When installing any compatable version of SunOS 4.1.x on any
    of the following: SPARCstation 5, LX, Classic, or SPARC 20 you
    must buy a RTU because these machines came with RTU's for
    Solaris2.x only.

      SunOS 4.1.3 has been reported to run on the SPARCstation 10 model
      412/512 and the 600 model 412/512, but this configuration is not
      supported by Sun. Anyone who tries this is on their own.  The
      (unofficial) word from inside Sun about whether or not it actually
    works is as follows:

            Little testing of the SuperSPARC MP configurations under 4.1.3
            have been done by Sun.  What little was done showed that under
            heavy loads the system was prone to crash (What it really did
        was hang, so badly that even an L1-A would not work).
            ...
            We suspect, but do not know, that as the SuperSPARC chips get
            faster that the problems will manifest themselves more quickly.

      Solaris 2.0 runs only on SS1,1+,2,SLC,IPC,ELC,IPX.

      Solaris 2.1 and later runs on all Sun4s and SPARCstations, but the
    FPU's on the 4/100 and 4/200 series machines are disabled and will
    be under all versions of Solaris2.x.

      Not all peripherals supported under SunOS 4.x are supported under SunOS
      5.x. Check with Sun or the peripheral manufacturer. Most of the
    the non-supported cards under SunOS 5.x are VME or Multi Bus based.

      Explanatory note:

      In general, Solaris = SunOS + OpenWindows.

      Solaris 1.0     = SunOS 4.1.1      + OpenWindows 2.0
      Solaris 1.0.1     = SunOS 4.1.2      + OpenWindows 2.0
      Solaris 1.1     = SunOS 4.1.3      + OpenWindows 3.0
      Solaris 1.1.1    = SunOS 4.1.3_U1 + OpenWindows 3.0_U1
      Solaris 1.1.2     = SunOS 4.1.4    + OpenWindows 3.414
      Solaris 2.0     = SunOS 5.0      + OpenWindows 3.0.1
      Solaris 2.1     = SunOS 5.1      + OpenWindows 3.1
      Solaris 2.2     = SunOS 5.2      + OpenWindows 3.2
      Solaris 2.3     = SunOS 5.3      + OpenWindows 3.3
      Solaris 2.4     = SunOS 5.4      + OpenWindows 3.4

    Open Windows versions before 3.3 used the X11/NeWS server
    all versions since use a MIT style server with Display
    Postscript Extensions.

    Last Updated: March  3, 1995.

62)    My rdump is failing with a "Protocol botched" message. What do I do?

        The problem produces output like the following:

          DUMP: Date of this level 0 dump: Wed Jan  6 08:50:01 1993
          DUMP: Date of last level 0 dump: the epoch
          DUMP: Dumping /dev/rsd0a (/) to /dev/nrst8 on host foo
          DUMP: mapping (Pass I) [regular files]
          DUMP: mapping (Pass II) [directories]
          DUMP: estimated 8232 blocks (4.02MB) on 0.00 tape(s).
          DUMP: Protocol to remote tape server botched (in rmtgets).
         rdump: Lost connection to remote host.
          DUMP: Bad return code from dump: 1

        This occurs when something in .cshrc on the remote machine prints
        something to stdout or stderr (eg. stty, echo). The rdump command
        doesn't expect this, and chokes. Other commands which use the rsh
        protocol (eg. rdist, rtar) may also be affected.

        The way to get around this is to add the following line near the
        beginning of .cshrc, before any command that might send something
        to stdout or stderr:

        if ( ! $?prompt ) exit

        This causes .cshrc to exit when prompt isn't set, which
        distinguishes between remote commands (eg. rdump, rsh) where these
        variables are not set, and interactive sessions (eg. rlogin) where
        they are.


63)     Table of Solaris2.x commands and their Solaris1.x equivalents?

        SunOS 4.x          SunOS 5.x
        Command            Equivalent

        add_services       pkgadd
        arch               uname -m
                   Note: This returns the kernel architecture.
        bar                Not available. Use
                           cpio -H bar to retrieve
                   4.x archives.

        biff -y            chmod o+x /dev/tty
        biff -n            chmod o-x /dev/tty
        cc                 Not available
        dbxtool            debugger
        devinfo           prtconf
        df                 df -k
        dkctl              Not available
        dkinfo             prtvtoc
        du                 du -k
        dump               /usr/sbin/ufsdump
        dumpfs             Not available
        etherfind          snoop
        exportfs           share
        extract_files      Not available
        extract_patch      Not available
        extract_unbundled  pkgadd
        fastboot           reboot or init 6
        fasthalt           init O
        hostid             sysdef -h
        hostname           uname -n
        intr               Not available
        leave              Use cron and at
        lint               Not available
        load                 pkgadd
        loadc                pkgadd
        load_package         Not available
        lpc                  lpadmin
        lpd                  lpsched
        lpq                  lpstat
        lpr                  lp
        lprm                 cancel
        lptest               Not available
        mach                 uname  -p
        modstat              modinfo
        mount                mount  -F <fstype> [options]
        mount -a       mountall
        mount_tfs            mount  -F <fstype>
        pax                  cpio
        paxcpio              cpio
        portmap              rpcbind
        printenv             env
        ps -a                ps -e
        ps -aux              ps -el
         Note: when ps is  invoked without the "-f" flag, the SV
             "ps" prints  only the first N characters of the name
             of the program being run. You have to pass the "-f"
             flag to get the full command line. For example, try
             ps -fe.

        pstat                sar
        pstat -s             swap -s
        rdump                /usr/sbin/ufsdump
        restore              /usr/sbin/ufsrestore
        rm_client            admintool
        rm_services          Not available
        rpc.etherd           Not available
        rpc.lockd          /usr/lib/nfs/lockd
        rpc.mountd         /usr/lib/nfs/mountd
        rpc.rexd           /usr/sbin/rpc.rexd
        rpc.rquotad        /usr/sbin/rpc.rquotad
        rpc.showfhd        Not available
        rpc.statd          /usr/lib/nfs/statd
        rpc.user_agentd    Not available
        rpc.yppasswdd      Not available
        rpc.ypupdated      ypupdated
        rrestore            /usr/sbin/ufsrestore
        rusage             Not available
        trace           truss
        showmount          dfmounts
        swapon                swap -a
        sys-config       admintool
        umount -a        umountall
        umount_tfs       umount -F <fstype>
        unload             pkgrm
        update             fsflush
        uptime            who -b
        users              who -q
        vipw               Not available
        wall               /usr/sbin/wall
        whereis            Not available
        whoami             id
        ypbatchupd         Not available
        yppasswd           Use nispasswd for NIS+
        ypserv             Not available

    Notes:  A NIS server is no longer available under Solaris2.x
        without purchasing the NSKIT from Sun.

        Under Solaris 2.x look in the /usr/sbin and /usr/lib/nfs
        for useful programs and commands. Finally, some of
        missing commands are in the BSD Compatibility package.


64)     How do I setup DNS on Solaris2.x?

    The "Setting up DNS clients" chapter of that manual is egregiously
    out of date.  Yes, there's a bug filed against it.
    The correct procedure is the following:

           Create a /etc/resolv.conf file.

           Change /etc/nsswitch.conf;  it's probably easiest
    to start with the sample file "/etc/nsswitch.files" and change
    the entry for "hosts" to the following:

                hosts: files dns

           Processes that have already read /etc/nsswitch.conf won't see your
    changes until they're restarted.  If you care, the crude but effective
    approach is to reboot.


    Last Updated:  July 3, 1996.


65)     Can a SPARCclassic or LX run SunOS 4.1.3?

    No it won't run 4.1.3. However, Sun will provide you with
    a copy Solaris1.1C(4.1.3C) which will allow you to run
    "4.1.3" on a LX or Classic. These machines can also run
    4.1.3_U1 and 4.1.4. See Question 61 for more details.

    The cost is around $125 for the media and $100 for the RTU
    license.

    Users of 4.1.3C should get the DBRI patch if you don't have a
    speaker box!


66)     I just restored my root partation and now I cannot boot.
        What is wrong?


        You probably need to run installboot.  Under Solaris 1, boot
        from cdrom, boot the miniroot, mount the root filesystem on
        /mnt, and reinstall the boot block:

            cd /usr/kvm/mdec    # note - miniroot's usr, not sd0's
            installboot -vlt /mnt/boot bootsd /dev/rsd0a

        For Solaris 2, the equivalent command, which may also live
        outside the miniroot, would be:

            /usr/sbin/installboot /usr/lib/fs/ufs/bootblk \
            /dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s0

        Under Solaris 1, if only your /vmunix is bad, you may not need
        to restore anything from tape.  Before running installboot:

            cp /mnt/usr/kvm/sys/<arch>/<kernel>/vmunix /mnt/vmunix



67)    How do I disable/enable packet forwarding?

    For 4.1.x:
    Pick one of the following methods:

     adb -k -w /vmunix /dev/mem
    ip_forwarding?
    _ip_forwarding:
    _ip_forwarding: 0               = unimp         0x0

    ip_forwarding/w -1      <- changes in running kernel only!
    ip_forwarding?w -1      <- changes running kernel and disk image

    or

    In your kernel configuration file, insert the following line:

    options "IPFORWARDING=-1"

    Note: The above example disables packet forwarding.

    Here is a list of IP forwarding options
    (from /usr/kvm/sys/netinet/in_proto.c)
        ip_forwarding = -1  -- never forward; never change this value.
        ip_forwarding =  0  -- don't forward; set this value to 1
                       when two interfaces are up.
            ip_forwarding =  1  -- always forward.

    For Solaris2.3:

    To disable ip_forwarding:

         % ndd -set /dev/ip ip_forwarding 0

    To enable ip_forwarding:

         % ndd -set /dev/ip ip_forwarding 1

    To reset it back to defaults:

         % ndd -set /dev/ip ip_forwarding 2


68)    How do I disable the printing of banners pages?

    Under SunOS 4.x you need to do the following:

        Put :sh: in the /etc/printcap entry
        for that printer.

    For SPARCprinters you will need to edit the .param for that
    printer. Under SunOS4.x you this file is located in the spool
    directory for that particular printer. Under SunOS5.x
    it is located under /etc/lp/printers/PRINTERNAME.
    Change the line BANNERPS=${DEFBANNER}; export BANNERPS
            to
            BANNERPS=; export BANNERPS

    Also, you may want to turn off Job Log printing. You can do
    this by changing the line PRINTJOBLOG=yes; export PRINTJOBLOG
            to
                  PRINTJOBLOG=no; export PRINTJOBLOG


    If you want to disable the banner pages permanently you
    will need to perform the following steps:

        1. cd /usr/lib/lp/model
        2. cp standard standard-nobanner
        3. Use your favorite editor to edit standard-nobanner.
           Change line 332 from:
                nobanner="no"
           to:
                nobanner="yes"
        4. lpadmin -p PRINTERNAME -m standard-nobanner

    For a large network you can make this easier by copying a
    custom interface script at install time and doing the appropriate
    lpadmin command.



69)    How do I change my hostname?

    Under SunOS 4.x you need to do the following:

        Edit you /etc/hosts file and change your
        local hostname. To avoid problems during
        the transition you may want to add this
        as an hostname alias.

        If you are running NIS you should change the
        /etc/hosts file on the master too.

        Change the hostname in /etc/hostname.xxx.
        Where xxx is the interface you want to change
        the address on.


    Under SunOS 5.x you need to the above plus
    change /etc/nodename, and the entries in /etc/net/*/hosts


    Both OS's also support the sys-unconfig program which can
    be used indirectly to change your hostname and any number
    of other things. This program is over kill if all you want
    to do is change your hostname. See the manpage for more details.


70)     Table of Solaris2.x files and their Solaris1.x equivalents?

    SunOS 4.x file        SunOS 5.x file
    /etc/fstab        /etc/vfstab
    /etc/exports        /etc/dfs/dfstab
    /etc/printcap        None
    /etc/fbtab         /etc/logindevperm   -- available in SunOS 5.3
    /etc/rc.local        /etc/rc3.d/S99local -- See note 1.


    Note 1:  Here is a template file for /etc/rc3.d/S99local.

    #!/bin/sh

    state=$1
    case $state in

    # Any applications or daemons you want to start.
    'start')
        echo "starting local apps"
        ;;
    # Any applications or daemons that need to be shutdown gracefully.
    'stop')
        echo "Stopping local apps"
        ;;
    esac


    You may need to put the "kill" script in /etc/rc2.d/K99local but it
    is not really required.


71)    Where can I get the BSD print spooler for Solaris2.x?

    You can try LPLITE from Sun it is available from the following
    location:

    http://www.sun.com/cgi-bin/show?smcc/solaris-migration/tools/lplite

    You can get the 4.3BSD-reno lpr system from the following site:

            ftp.nus.sg:/pub/NUS/ISCS/misc/lpr-sol2-p4.tar.gz

    Or another port from

        ftp.eng.auburn.edu:/pub/doug/lpr-sol2-p5.02.tar.gz

    Version's of this distribution prior to 5.0.2 have a security
    hole. Please upgrade to this version ASAP.



     Or get  PLP from

            ftp://ftp.iona.ie/pub/plp               (main site, but slooow)
            ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-hamburg.de/pub/utils/plp
            ftp://ftp.beckman.uiuc.edu/pub/plp
            ftp://ftp.zod.wau.nl/pub/mirror/plp
            ftp://ftp.lps.ens.fr/pub/software/plp

    PLP has vastly enhanced features, like paths for printcaps, NIS and
    Hesiod support, configurable permissons for printers, ability to
    move jobs between printers and compiles out of the box on HPUX,
    Solaris, and SunOS. Version 4 of PLP has elminated a large
    number of security holes in the LPD protocol. To subscribe
    to the PLP mailing list send mail to [e-mail] with
    subscribe plp
    as the message body.

    Last Updated:  Sept 18 , 1995.

72)     Where is the Solaris2.x screenblank?

    You have three choices:

    Run XDM on the console and use the X servers builtin screenblank.

    Or you can run the 4.1.x screenblank in compatabilty mode.

    Or you can compile you own screenblank from sources available from

       ftp://ftp.ececs.uc.edu/pub/sun-faq/Source/screenblank_27dec94.tar.Z

    You can always get the current screenblank from

       ftp://ftp.ee.lbl.gov/  or  ftp://ftp.netcom.com/pub/je/jef/

    Last Updated:  Sept 18, 1995.

73)     Is there a command to display the configuration of
    currently attached SCSI devices?

    Get scsiinfo from
        ftp://ftp.ececs.uc.edu/pub/sun-faq/Source/scsiinfo-4.1.shar.gz

    Or

    Get scsiping from
        ftp://ftp.ececs.uc.edu/pub/sun-faq/Source/scsiping-2.0.shar.gz


    These commands are copied periodically from
        ftp://ftp.cdf.toronto.edu/pub/

    These commands work under both SunOS 4.x and Solaris2.x.

    Last Updated:  Sept 18, 1995.

74)     My printer will not print large files(over 1-megabyte), I
    keep getting "file to big" errors. What do I do?

    Put the following line in your /etc/printcap file
    for the printer that has the problem.

    :mx#0:

    This basically allows for unlimited sizes of print jobs.
    Of course you are still limited by your amount of
    spool space.

    If you do not have access to /etc/printcap you can
    use the -s switch to lpr to use a "symlink" of the
    file instead of copying the "real" file to the spool
    directory.

75)     I keep getting "data corruption" when using NFS over a wan,
    or slip/ppp link. What do I do?  or
    Does anybody know how to enable UDP checksum on NFS?

    The usually cause for this(at least for SunOS4.x) is not
    having udp checksumming turned on.

    You can turn it at boot and while the machine is running
    by using the following adb script:

    echo "udp_cksum/W1" | adb -w -k /vmunix /dev/mem

    Install or call this script from rc.local.

    Or you could modify the disk image and the core image
    by doing udp_cksum?W1. Remember to do this everytime
    a new kernel is built.

    Or edit /usr/kvm/sys/netinet/in_proto.c and change the
    udp_cksum line (near the end from  udp_cksum = 0 to udp_cksum =1
    and reconfigure your kernel and reboot)

    For Solaris2.3:

    udp checksumming is turned on by default under SunOS5.x.

    If you want to verify the value use the following:

        ndd /dev/udp udp_do_checksum

    See ndd (1M) and ip (7) manual pages for more details.


    Last Updated: December  18, 1996.

76)     Does anybody know how to enable UDP checksum on NFS?

    See the answer to question 75.

77)     Is there a mailing list for Wabi?

    No. Currently, Sun has the following E-mail addresses that
    you can get information about Wabi and the Windows
    Apps that Wabi supports. These addresses are as follows:

    For Wabi version 1:
         [e-mail]    - FAQ List
        [e-mail]    - Supported Applications list
    For Wabi version 2:
         [e-mail]    - FAQ List
        [e-mail]    - Supported Applications list




78)     Are there any public domain Multi-Vendor backup management
        systems?

    There are at least two such programs which are as follows:

    Amanda from the University of Maryland which is written in
    C and built on top of standard UNIX backup software
    such as dump/restore. The current source is available from
    ftp.cs.umd.edu in the /pub/amanda directory.

    OSU Backup from Ohio State University which is written in perl
    and built on top of standard UNIX backup software such as
    dump/restore, cpio, and GNU tar. It has the ability to backup
    some database systems(like ORACLE). Finally, it is evolving to
    support the backup of PCs via a proxy service. The current
    source is available from ftp.cis.ohio-state.edu in /pub/backup.

79)     How to determine the revision of SuperSPARC processor.

    There are 2 methods to identify SuperSPARC revision - by physical
    inspection and by using the system PROM.

    To determine SuperSPARC revision by physical inspection:

        - Open system chassis (as needed)
        - Locate the SuperSPARC processor on the CPU module. The processor
          has a heat sink mounted on its top surface.  The heat sink
          may be round or of "pin fin" design.  On modules with
          External cache, the processor is the farthest from mbus
          connector.
        - 4 lines of alpha-numeric text are written on the top
          right corner of the processor. The second line contains the

         processor revision.  The format is
                alpha character, 2 revision digits, 8 other alpha/digits
          Examples of processor revisions are:
                H283915478C             H313020233C             H3503027203
                 ^^                      ^^                      ^^
                 ||                      ||                      ||
                Indicates a 2.8, 3.1, and 3.5 SuperSPARC revisions respectively

    To determine SuperSPARC revision using the system PROM:

        - On a powered on system, in single user mode, press
                'L1'  and 'A'
          keys simultaneously.  On some keyboards the keycaps will be labeled
                'Stop' and 'A'

        - On your monitor the following will be displayed
                Type 'go' to resume
                ok
        - Type
                .psr <Return>
          Your monitor will display a line of data.  Look for VER and
          IMPL fields and note their values.

        - Type
                .mcr <Return>
          Your monitor will display a line of data.  Look for VER and
          IMPL fields and note their values.

        - Type
                go <Return>
        - You now may continue to use your system normally.

        - Using the PSR and MCR IMPL/VER values you noted above,
          match them with the values in the table below to identify
          the SuperSPARC revision.  Future processors will have
          values different than those in the table.

                | SuperSPARC    (2.x)   |(3.0,1,2,3) |   (3.5)    |
                +-----------+-----------+------------+------------+
                | PSR VER   |       1   |        0   |         0  |
                | PSR IMPL  |       4   |        4   |         4  |
                | MCR VER   |       0   |        1   |         4  |
                | MCR IMPL  |       0   |        0   |         0  |

80)    How do I install SunOS4.1.x by hand(off a CD)?

    Installing SunOS-4.1.X from mounted cdrom:

    Note, these commands are examples; filenames may need to be adjusted
    for your OS version or architecture.  You can perform this from a Sun3
    or Sun4 running any SunOS-4.1.X, provided you take care to run the
    right version of "installboot".  The man page includes details about
    which systems require bootblocks with a.out format executables with
    headers, and which versions of installboot provide such.

    You need to change all occurances of /dev/rsd?a etc with
    the proper disk and partition information. For most SCSI
    disk configurations this device is /dev/rsd0a but check
    the boot messages to be sure.

    The example below assumes a SunOS 4.1.3_U1 distribution
    CD-ROM. Change sunos_4_1_3_u1 to the proper value for your
    distribution.


    1) Label, format, and partition your new hard disk.
       be sure sd?b is bigger then your physical RAM will be
           (else system dump may overwrite /usr)
       Use the device name you are installing to.
       You may want to also make a /dev/rsd?d /var partition

       newfs /dev/rsd?a ; newfs /dev/rsd?d ; newfs /dev/rsd?f
       mount /dev/rsd?a /mnt
       mkdir /mnt/var ; mount /dev/sd?d /mnt/var    # if you made one
       mkdir /mnt/usr ; mount /dev/sd?f /mnt/usr

    2) mount -t hsfs -o ro /dev/sr0 /cdrom
       cd /mnt
       tar xpf /cdrom/export/exec/proto_root_sunos_4_1_3_u1

    3) Install kernel specific sys files, pick correct directory
       for your 'arch -k'

       mkdir /mnt/usr/kvm
       cd /mnt/usr/kvm
       tar xpf /cdrom/export/exec/kvm/sun4c_sunos_4_1_3_u1/kvm
       tar xpf /cdrom/export/exec/kvm/sun4c_sunos_4_1_3_u1/sys

    4) pick packages you want, but you must install usr

       cd /mnt/usr
       tar xpf /cdrom/export/exec/sun4_sunos_4_1_3_u1/usr
       tar xpf /cdrom/export/exec/sun4_sunos_4_1_3_u1/debugging
             tar xpf /cdrom/export/exec/sun4_sunos_4_1_3_u1/demo
         tar xpf /cdrom/export/exec/sun4_sunos_4_1_3_u1/games
         tar xpf /cdrom/export/exec/sun4_sunos_4_1_3_u1/graphics
         tar xpf /cdrom/export/exec/sun4_sunos_4_1_3_u1/install
         tar xpf /cdrom/export/exec/sun4_sunos_4_1_3_u1/networking
         tar xpf /cdrom/export/exec/sun4_sunos_4_1_3_u1/openwindows_demo
         tar xpf /cdrom/export/exec/sun4_sunos_4_1_3_u1/openwindows_fonts
        tar xpf /cdrom/export/exec/sun4_sunos_4_1_3_u1/openwindows_programmers
         tar xpf /cdrom/export/exec/sun4_sunos_4_1_3_u1/openwindows_users
         tar xpf /cdrom/export/exec/sun4_sunos_4_1_3_u1/rfs
         tar xpf /cdrom/export/exec/sun4_sunos_4_1_3_u1/security
         tar xpf /cdrom/export/exec/sun4_sunos_4_1_3_u1/shlib_custom
         tar xpf /cdrom/export/exec/sun4_sunos_4_1_3_u1/sunview_demo
         tar xpf /cdrom/export/exec/sun4_sunos_4_1_3_u1/sunview_programmers
         tar xpf /cdrom/export/exec/sun4_sunos_4_1_3_u1/sunview_users
         tar xpf /cdrom/export/exec/sun4_sunos_4_1_3_u1/system_v
         tar xpf /cdrom/export/exec/sun4_sunos_4_1_3_u1/text
         tar xpf /cdrom/export/exec/sun4_sunos_4_1_3_u1/tli
         tar xpf /cdrom/export/exec/sun4_sunos_4_1_3_u1/user_diag
         tar xpf /cdrom/export/exec/sun4_sunos_4_1_3_u1/uucp
         tar xpf /cdrom/export/exec/sun4_sunos_4_1_3_u1/versatec


        5) Install man pages if you want
         cd /mnt/usr
         tar xpf /cdrom/export/share/sunos_4_1_3_u1/manual

        6) set up /sbin

         cp /mnt/usr/etc/hostconfig /mnt/sbin
         cp /mnt/usr/etc/ifconfig /mnt/sbin
         cp /mnt/usr/etc/init /mnt/sbin
         cp /mnt/usr/etc/intr /mnt/sbin
         cp /mnt/usr/etc/mount /mnt/sbin
         cp /mnt/usr/bin/sh /mnt/sbin
         cp /mnt/usr/bin/hostname /mnt/sbin

        7)  make new device nodes, you may do as needed

         cd /mnt/dev
         ./MAKEDEV std pty0 pty pty2 pty3 win0 win1

        8) additional root setup

         cp /mnt/usr/kvm/stand/vmunix /mnt
         chmod go-x /mnt/vmunix
         cp /mnt/usr/kvm/stand/boot.sun4 /mnt/boot

        9) run installboot
         I suggest reading the man page, note paths below, take care
         to run operating installboot binary, but specify device and
         paths for new boot disk.  You can even do this from a Sun3.

         /usr/kvm/mdec/installboot -ltv /mnt/boot \
               /mnt/usr/kvm/mdec/bootsd /dev/rsd?a

         if you are making a sun4c boot disk and running on a 4 or 4m
         machine:

         /usr/kvm/mdec/installboot -ltvh /mnt/boot \
              /mnt/usr/kvm/mdec/bootsd /dev/rsd?a

         if you are making a sun4 boot disk on a 4c machine, you need
         to use a 4c installboot, not the one on your sun4.

       10) if it will have a Lance interface
          echo newhostname > /mnt/etc/hostname.le0
         or if will have an Intel interface
          echo newhostname > /mnt/etc/hostname.ie0

       11) create /mnt/etc/fstab, /mnt/etc/defaultrouter,
         /mnt/etc/resolv.conf
         /mnt/etc/hosts  (must have own entry here)
         I also create /mnt/etc/shells, /mnt/etc/ftpusers
         Depending on your timezone:
         don't forget to 'rm /usr/lib/zoneinfo/localtime', then

            'ln /usr/lib/zoneinfo/EST5EDT /usr/lib/zoneinfo/localtime'

       12) Perform sanity check
       umount and fsck he newly installed filesystems

         umount /mnt/usr
         umount /mnt/var
         umount /mnt
            for the really paranoid:
         fsck /dev/rsd?f
         fsck /dev/rsd?d
         fsck /dev/rsd?a

    I suggest booting single user the first time ( from the '>'
    prompt  b sd() -s or from the ok prompt boot disk -s ).

    Knowing the above may save you from doing total re-installs just
    because of a messed up root partition or similar.

    If you are copying an existing OS, instead of extracting distribution
    tar files, you may use the following before running installboot etc...:

        dump 0dsf 6250 200000 - <directories and files to include> |
             (cd /mnt/<area> ; restore -rf - )
    or
        find . -depth -print | cpio -pdlm newdir

    You  use find command rules to limit to a device or skip/include
    specific files.

    You could use tar to copy these directories too but
    you will have to recreate all the devices using in MAKEDEV
    which can take a long time.

    Last Updated:  January 27, 1995.

81)     There is a problem with the firmware on older SUN207 drives
        that makes them incompatible with the SPARCstation 10 series.
        Sun has been known to replace these at no charge, although
        there may not be an "official" return policy.  Your drive
        must have firmware revision 19 or higher to be functional
        in a SPARCstation 10.

82)    I'm running SunOS/4.1.x and every time I try to format my
        new 9GB SCSI disk I get "format failed" messages -- what's
        broke, and how can I fix it?

    The SunOS kernel has a default timeout of two hours for SCSI
        formatting -- if the time required to perform the format is
        longer, the format fails.

        Edit /usr/sys/scsi/targets/sddef.h and apply the following "diff",
        then rebuild the kernel:

*** sddef.h.orig  Tue Nov 29 07:52:53 1994
--- sddef.h  Tue Nov 29 07:52:53 1994
***************
*** 396 ****
! #define SD_FMT_TIME     120*60
*** 396 ****
! #define SD_FMT_TIME     240*60

    Or you can use this small adb script to modify the SCSI
    format timeout in the running kernel.

    #!/bin/sh
    adb -k -w /vmunix /dev/mem  << EOF
    sd_fmt_time /W 0t9600
    EOF


    Last Updated:  April 14, 1995.

83)       I can not get my new Exabyte 8505(or others) working under
         SunOS(or Solaris) What to do ?

    Out of the box this drive and other Exabytes are not supported
    under Solaris2.3 or SunOS4.1.x.

    Here is what to do under SunOS
    Modify /sys/scsi/targets/st_conf.c before, after, or between the 8200
    insert the following:

    /* Exabyte 8mm 5GB cartridge  w/compression*/
    {
     "Exabyte EXB8505", 16, "EXABYTE EXB-8505", ST_TYPE_EXB8500,
     1024, (ST_VARIABLE | ST_BSF | ST_BSR | ST_LONG_ERASE | ST_KNOWS_EOD),
         5000, 5000,
         { 0x14, 0x15, 0x90, 0x8c },
         { 0, 0, 0, 0 }
    },

    Once you've remade your kernel it appears as 4 different devices:

    /dev/rst0     - 2.3Gb             (8200 mode)
    /dev/rst8    - 5Gb               (8500 mode)
    /dev/rst16    - 2.3Gb compressed  (8200c mode)
    /dev/rst24    - 5Gb compressed    (8500c mode)

           The above assumes tape drive is installed at the default SCSI id.

    Under Solaris2.x do the following:

    Edit /kernel/drv/st.conf and add

    tape-config-list=
        "EXABYTE EXB-8505", "Exabyte 8505  8mm Helical Scan", "Exa8500c_sol2_3";
        Exa8500c_sol2_3 = 1,0x29,1024,0xCE39,4,0x14,0x15,0x90,0x8C,3;

    Once the device driver is re-loaded, the following densities will be
    accessible:

    /dev/rmt/0l   - 2.3Gb             (8200 mode)
    /dev/rmt/0m   - 5Gb               (8500 mode)
    /dev/rmt/0h   - 2.3Gb compressed  (8200c mode)
    /dev/rmt/0c   - 5Gb compressed    (8500c mode)

       The above assumes tape drive is installed at the default SCSI id.

       Since the default density specified above is 3 (last number in entry),
    when /dev/rmt/0 is specified, device /dev/rmt/0c (5Gb compressed) will
    be used.

    For SunOS and a 10-Gigibyte Exabyte the settings are as follows:

    /* Exabyte 8mm 10GB cartridge */
    {
            "Exabyte EXB-8500 8mm Helical Scan", 15, "EXABYTE EXB-8500",
            ST_TYPE_EXB8500, 1024,
            (ST_VARIABLE | ST_BSF | ST_BSR | ST_LONG_ERASE),
            5000, 5000,
            { 0x14, 0x15, 0x8C, 0x8C },
            {  0, 0, 0, 0 }

    The device is accessed via a +16 offset from the normal
    tape devices ie /dev/rst{16,17}. Dump parameters are
    dsb 54000 26000 126.

    For SunOS and the new SUN 14GB 8mm Drive:

    /* Exabyte 8mm 14GB TRI-DENSITY cartridge */
    {
            "Exabyte EXB-8505 8mm Helical Scan", 16, "EXABYTE EXB-8505",
            ST_TYPE_EXB8500, 1024,
            (ST_VARIABLE | ST_BSF | ST_BSR | ST_LONG_ERASE),
            5000, 5000,
            { 0x14, 0x15, 0x8C, 0x8C },
            {  0, 0, 0, 0 }
    }


    Note: Be sure to check out Exabytes web page at http://www.exabyte.com


    Last Updated:  May 22, 1996.



84)     The keyboard keeps stop working after exiting X or Openwin.
    What to do?

    For the general case all you need to do is log in remotely
    and reset the keyboard using /usr/openwin/bin/kbd_mode -a

    If this does not work I have modified kbd_mode to do a full keyboard
     power on reset (ftp.ececs.uc.edu:/pub/sun-faq/Source/reset_keyboard.c)

    If that does not seem to help you may have a white on white
    screen so try to clear the colormap using clear_colormap.

    Make sure that you add kbd_mode -a  to all you X11 startup scripts.

    Last Updated:  April 14, 1995.


85)     How do I re-build the kernel under SunOS4.x?

    Here is the procedure.

     1) cd /sys/`arch -k`/conf
     2) Read the README.
     3) Make a copy of the proper template file(ie cp GENERIC MYKERNEL)
     4) Edit MYKERNEL  - Remove any unneeded drivers. These are memory
                 wasters. Also, probably want to increase
                 MAXUSERS to at least 50.
     5) config MYKERNEL
     6) cd ../MYKERNEL
     7) make
     8) cp /vmunix /vmunix.save
     9) cp vmunix /vmunix
    10) Reboot machine to make the new kernel active.

    Last Updated:  April 14, 1995.

86)     How do I hook up a HP(or other) Desktop SCANNER?

    You need PINT which available from uniwa.uwa.edu.au (130.95.128.1)
     in /pub/pint.

    Last Updated:  March 31, 1995.

87)     How do I find which process has a file open?

    Fuser and the the Public domain/Freeware utility lsof can be used
    to find processes that have files open and much more.

    Note: fuser on SunOS4.1.x is located in /usr/kvm.

    lsof can be ftped from vic.cc.purdue.edu:/pub/tools/unix/lsof/

    lsof and fuser are available for both Solaris 2.x and SunOS 4.1.x.

    Last Updated:  April 14, 1995.



88)      How do I create a partition greater than 2-gig on SunOS4.1.x?

    The max size without any additional software is 2-gig under
    SunOS.  The only way to get larger partitions is to purchase
    Online: Disksuite for SunOS4.1.x from Sun. Not only can you create
    partitions of up to 1 TB, but you can grow partitions on the fly,
    mirror, and hotswap with ODS. However, you are still limited to
    2-Gig files.

    Note: Solaris2.3 or higher can have 1-Terabyte partitions.


89)      Why do I keep having to answer the question
    "CLEAN FLAG IN SUPERBLOCK IS WRONG; Fix?" when running fsck on
    an active filesystem?

    You are not supposed to under any circumstances run fsck on
    a mounted filesystem. Under these cirumstances Fsck can itself
     cause inconsistencies to the filesystem and you should always
    you umount the filesystem frist.


90)     Are dynamically linked setuid executables insecure?

    Not particularly.

    From the "ld" man page from SunOS 4.1.3:

          NOTE: when running a set-user- or set-group-ID program, ld.so
        will only search for libraries in directories it "trusts",
        which are /usr/lib, /usr/5lib, /usr/local/lib, and any
            directories specified within the executable as a result of
         -L options given when the executable was constructed.

    Of course you do always want to link with absolute pathnames
    when using the -L linker option and probably destroy any
    LD_* variables when running(just a little paranoia).


91)    How do I change the default router under Solaris1.x or Solaris2.x?

    Just create or edit the file /etc/defaultrouter and put the hostname
    or ip address of the router that you want to use.

    If you are not running NIS(yp), then add the router entry in the
    local /etc/hosts table.

    If you are running NIS(yp), then add the router entry in the NIS
    hosts map on the NIS master and run make which will build the NIS
    maps and push them to the other slave servers.


92)    What is the difference between the Domestic vs International version
    of SunOS 4.1.x?

    There is no "domestic" vs "international" version of SunOS 4.1.x.
    There is only one version the "international".

    What makes a  "domestic" version of the SunOS is a the purchase
    and installation of US Encryption Kit available from with the
    United States and Canada(?).

    If you have installed this kit you must use the libc jumbo patch
    for the "domestic" version. Otherwise always install the
    "international" version.

    If you have the symbols des_encrypt etc in your shared library,
     and vi -x works, and you the commands crypt(1) and des(1) you
    have the "domestic" version of the library and associated commands.

    Do an nm /lib/libc.a | grep des_encrypt | grep T
    if this cames back with anything you have the "domestic"
    libraries.

    Last Updated:  January 27, 1995.

93)    Where can I get the latest version of TOP?

    The latest version of "top" is always available via anonymous FTP
    from the host "eecs.nwu.edu" in the directory "/pub/top".  Additional
    modules will be made available in the directory "/pub/top/m".

    The current version supports both SunOS4.1.x and Solaris2.x
    machines including full Multiprocessor support (even on machines
    with CPU labeled 0 and 2 and not 0 and 1).

    Last Updated:  January 27, 1995.

94)    Can I run the SX card in a Sun running SunOS4.1.x?

    THEY DO NOT EXIST NOR WILL THEY(unless one of the Clone makers
    writes one). If you want to use the SX, YOU MUST USE Solaris 2.3 or
    above.

    If you MUST run Solaris 1.x then get your salesperson to exchange it
    for a TGX/TGX+(or other 8-bit card) or go with a 3rd party framebuffer
    such as the RasterFlex-24.

95)    I just changed my shell to tcsh(or pick a favorite) and
    get  "530 User xyzz access denied" when ftping into this
    machine. What is the problem?

    You need to list all "valid" shells in /etc/shells. An example
    of this file might be as follows:

        /bin/sh
        /bin/ksh
        /bin/csh
        /local/bin/tcsh
        /local/bin/zsh
        /local/bin/bash
        /local/bin/rc

    This files does not normally exist and the default members are
    /bin/csh and /bin/sh(and /bin/ksh on Solaris2.x).

    Last Updated:  January 10, 1995.

96)    How do I put several dump images on one tape?

    All you need to do is use the No rewind devices. For example,
    to backup /, /usr, /var, and /home to one tape(assuming all
    will fit) you could do something like this:

    mt -f /dev/rst8 rew        # Rewind the tape to the beginning
    dump 0budfs 126 54000 /dev/nrst8 6000    /
    dump 0budfs 126 54000 /dev/nrst8 6000    /usr
    dump 0budfs 126 54000 /dev/nrst8 6000    /var
    dump 0budfs 126 54000 /dev/nrst8 6000    /home

    Where /dev/nrst8 is a no rewind device under SunOS. Any
    of the valid tape devices in /dev that start with a 'n' are
    no rewind devices.

    Under Solaris change dump to ufsdump and /dev/nrst8 to /dev/rmt/0n
    All devices in /dev/rmt/ ending in a 'n' are no rewind devices.

    You can safely ignore any messages about dump rewinding the tape.
    To restore files off the tape use the following command:

        restore -ifs /dev/nrewinddevice filenumber  -- SunOS
        ufsrestore -ifs /dev/rmt/nrewinddevice filenumber  -- Solaris

        -ifs is for interactive restore  or use
            -rfs to restore entire dump file.

    It is a good idea to try restore something off this tape
    to verify that the dump worked. Of course you do not have to do
    this for ever tape just the first few and maybe spot check some
    after that.

    Note: the above method can be adopted to other backup commands
          like tar and cpio.

    Last Updated:  January 27, 1995.

97)    Can I "dump" the whole disk to tape in one command?
    (even with several slices/partitions)

    No, you have to back up each slice separately because
    dump does not do "image" backups. See question  96 for
    the proper procedure.

    You could use the command dd to make an "image" backup of the
    entire disk but all you could do is restore the entire
    backup and not bits and pieces.

    Last Updated:  January 27, 1995.

98)    Where do I get software for my HP JetDirect Ethernet Card?

    Software for both SunOS4.1.x and Solaris2.x is available.

    You can get it via WWW using the following:

        http://www.hp.com/Misc/Peripherals.html

    Last Updated:  December 5, 1995.

99)    I do not know the root password, What do I do?

    First thing to try: (SunOS 4.x.x)

    Get to the boot monitor prompt by holding down the stop and
    A. Type sync to help ensure that you have no filesystem
    corruption on booting. You will need to hit STOP-A again to
    interrupt the boot process.

    Now at the '>' prompt type

        b  -s

    Or at the 'ok' prompt type

        boot -s

    This should give you a root prompt as long as the console
    entry in /etc/ttytab is marked secure.

    If you get the '#' you should be able to edit the
    the /etc/passwd file and remove the encrypted string for
    root's passwd or set it to what you want using the passwd
    command.

    Once you are done type reboot to bring the machine back up.

    Second thing to try: (SunOS 4.1.x and Solaris2.x)

    Boot off the network or CD-ROM and mount the root device
    and edit the passwd file.

    Note: both of these assume no eeprom password.

    Last Updated:  January 17, 1995.

100)    Where do I find a POP server for Solaris or SunOS?

    You can get qpop from the following location

        ftp://ftp.qualcomm.com/quest/unix/servers/popper/

    Or you can get the IMAP distribution which contains a IMAP server,
    a POP 2 server, and a POP 3 server from the University of Washington
    from

        ftp://pine.cac.washington.edu/mail/imap.tar.Z

    This site also contains a list of IMAP client software.

    You should avoid the old Berkeley popper because of
    its many bugs and it is no longer well supported.
    Both of the above popper programs are well supported.

    Last Updated: February 9, 1995.

101)    How do I clear Stale NFS Filehandles?

    You have to umount the offending filesystem and remount.
    You may able to do something like this:

    mount -o remount /offending-filesystem

    If this does not work try:

    umount /offending-filesystem
    mount /offending-filesystem

    Finally, if none of the above works reboot.

    Last Updated:  January 17, 1995.

102)    How can I use the same ethernet interface for two different IP networks?

    The Solaris kernel supports the concept of IP aliases and you
    can do something like this

        ifconfig le0:1     ipaddr netmask ....

    Only 254 (1-255) virutal addresses per physical ethernet are supported.
    If you need more you will have to get another ethernet card.

    You can do the same under SunOS4.1.x if you install the VIF code.
    Can be picked up via anonymous FTP from:

            ftp://ftp.nethelp.no/pub/net/vif-1.11.tar.gz

    or one of the mirror sites in the US:

            ftp://ftp.netcom.com/pub/he/henderso/vif-1.11.tar.gz
            ftp://ftp.wimsey.com/pub/crypto/sun-stuff/vif-1.11.tar.gz
    See the VIF README at

            http://www.nethelp.no/net/vif/readme.html

    or its FAQ at

            http://www.nethelp.no/net/vif/faq.html

    for more details.

    Last Updated:  July 8, 1996.


103)     Where do I get CAP for Solaris (or SunOS 4.1.x)?

    Here is a list of ftp sites for CAP.

        munnari.OZ.AU           /mac/{cap60.tar.Z,cap.patches/*
        rutgers.EDU             /src/{cap60.tar.Z,cap60.patches/*
        ftp.kuis.kyoto-u.AC.JP  /net/cap/{cap60.tar.Z,cap60.patches/*.Z
        src.doc.ic.AC.UK        /mac/multigate/{cap60.tar.Z,cap.patches/*

    CAP is now at patch level 195.  Note that now, the main cap file
    is cap60.pl100.tar.Z, which has patches 1-100 applied.  The user
    should then get from cap.patches/
        patches.101-126.tar.Z
        patches.127-143.tar.Z
        patches.144-154.tar.Z
        patches.155-162.tar.Z
        patches.163-182.tar.Z
        patches.183-192.tar.Z

    and any more recent patches (193 through 195).

    Under Solaris make sure that you are using gcc or /opt/SUNWspro/bin/cc
    to compile. Do not use /usr/ucb/cc.

    Last Updated:  July 22, 1995.

104)     Where do I get DOOM for Solaris (or SunOS 4.1.x)?

    Doom for SunOS 4.1.x is not available at this time and it
    is unlikely that it will be.

    Doom for Solaris2.4 is available and can be retrieved
    from playground.sun.com:/pub/doom/sundgadoomv1.8.tar.Z
    The X version of doom in this tar file works fine
    under Solaris2.3. The DGA version does not.

    This is the SPARC version. There are no plans for
    an x86 version at this time.

    Last Updated:  January 25, 1995.


105)    Why does "dump/ufsdump" tell me it is rewinding the tape even
    when I specified the "no rewind" device?

    Dump can not tell the difference between a "rewind device"
    and a "non rewind device". However, "dump" does
    not rewind the tape even though it says it is rewinding
    the tape.

    So you can safely ignore the "the tape rewinding" messages
    from dump when using "no rewind devices".

    Last Updated:  April 14, 1995.

106)    How can you I speed up filesystem restores and/or copies?

    In all versions of SunOS 4.1.2 and later (including Solaris2.x)
    you can use special filesystem level ioctl. A program written
    by Caspar Dik that uses this ioctl can be downloaded as

    ftp.ececs.uc.edu:/pub/sun-faq/Source/fastfs.c

    Please remember that using this program will in many
    cases cause fsck to be completely unable to fix your disk in
    the case of unexpected system shutdown.  Yes, it goes faster -
    at a very significant risk of losing the entire filesystem.

    When is using this appropriate?
    When:

    1) You're creating a new filesystem via a copy from somewhere else.
    2) You're removing all the files from a partition.
    3) You're updating a partition with files from elsewhere, and the
           entire contents are restorable.

    Remember, this doesn't make IO go any faster, it just allows metadata
    to be written asynchronously.  If you are creating a 100 M file, this
    won't help much.  If, on the other hand, you are writing 100000 1k
    files, this will help enormously.

    Remember to restore the safe mode before shutting the system down!

    Think of this as a large chainsaw; it can be useful but has significant
    chance of unintended side effects when used by the inexperienced.

    Last Updated:  April 14, 1995.

107)     I just added a new device (ie harddisk) to Solaris I have rebooted
    but the system still can not find it. What do I do?

    You need to do a reconfigure reboot which requires
    you to do the following:

    Either:
         touch /reconfigure
        reboot
    Or
        reboot -- -r
    Or

    If you are at the prom prompt you can do:

        ok boot -r
    or
         > b -r


    Last Updated:  Sept 18, 1995.