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OD(1L) OD(1L)
NNAAMMEE
od - dump files in octal and other formats
SSYYNNOOPPSSIISS
oodd [-abcCdfhiloxv] [-s[bytes]] [-w[bytes]] [-A radix] [-j
bytes] [-N bytes] [-t type] [--skip-bytes=bytes]
[--address-radix=radix] [--read-bytes=bytes] [--for-
mat=type] [--output-duplicates] [--strings[=bytes]]
[--width[=bytes]] [--compatible] [--help] [--version]
[file...]
DDEESSCCRRIIPPTTIIOONN
This manual page documents the GNU version of oodd. oodd
writes to the standard output the contents of the given
files, or of the standard input if the name `-' is given.
Each line of the output consists of the offset in the
input file in the leftmost column of each line, followed
by one or more columns of data from the file, in a format
controlled by the options. By default, oodd prints the file
offsets in octal and the file data as two-byte octal num-
bers.
OOPPTTIIOONNSS
_-_A_, _-_-_a_d_d_r_e_s_s_-_r_a_d_i_x_=_r_a_d_i_x
Select the base in which file offsets are printed.
_r_a_d_i_x can be one of the following:
d decimal
o octal
x hexadecimal
n none (do not print offsets)
The default is octal.
_-_j_, _-_-_s_k_i_p_-_b_y_t_e_s_=_b_y_t_e_s
Skip _b_y_t_e_s input bytes before formatting and writ-
ing. If bbyytteess begins with `0x' or `0X', it is
interpreted in hexadecimal; otherwise, if it begins
with `0', in octal; otherwise, in decimal. Append-
ing `b' multiplies it by 512, `k' by 1024, and `m'
by 1048576.
_-_N_, _-_-_r_e_a_d_-_b_y_t_e_s_=_b_y_t_e_s
Only output up to _b_y_t_e_s bytes of each input file.
Any prefixes and suffixes on bbyytteess are interpreted
as for the _-_j option.
_-_t_, _-_-_f_o_r_m_a_t_=_t_y_p_e
Select the format in which to output the file data.
_t_y_p_e is a string of one or more of the below type
FSF GNU Text Utilities 1
OD(1L) OD(1L)
indicator characters. If you include more than one
type indicator character in a single _t_y_p_e string or
use this option more than once, oodd writes one copy
of each output line using each of the data types
that you specified, in the order that you speci-
fied.
a named character
c ASCII character or backslash escape
d signed decimal
f floating point
o octal
u unsigned decimal
x hexadecimal
Except for types `a' and `c', you can specify the number
of bytes to use in interpreting each number in the given
data type by following the type indicator character with a
decimal integer. Alternately, you can specify the size of
one of the C compiler's built-in data types by following
the type indicator character with one of the following
characters. For integers (d, o, u, x):
C char
S short
I int
L long
For floating point (f):
F float
D double
L long double
_-_v_, _-_-_o_u_t_p_u_t_-_d_u_p_l_i_c_a_t_e_s
Output consecutive lines that are identical. By
default, when two or more consecutive output lines
would be equal, oodd outputs only the first line, and
puts just an asterisk on the following line to
indicate that identical lines have been elided.
_-_s_, _-_-_s_t_r_i_n_g_s_[_=_b_y_t_e_s_]
Instead of the normal output, output only string
FSF GNU Text Utilities 2
OD(1L) OD(1L)
constants in the input, which are a run of at least
_b_y_t_e_s ASCII graphic (or formatting) characters,
terminated by a NUL. If _b_y_t_e_s is omitted, it
defaults to 3.
_-_w_, _-_-_w_i_d_t_h_[_=_b_y_t_e_s_]
The number of input bytes to format per output
line. It must be a multiple of the least common
multiple of the sizes associated with the specified
output types. If _b_y_t_e_s is omitted, it defaults to
32. If this option is not given, it defaults to
16.
_-_-_h_e_l_p Print a usage message and exit with a non-zero sta-
tus.
_-_-_v_e_r_s_i_o_n
Print version information on standard error then
exit.
The next several options map the old, pre-POSIX format
specification options to the corresponding POSIX format
specs. GNU oodd accepts any combination of old- and new-
style options. Format specification options accumulate.
_-_a Output as named characters. Equivalent to _-_t _a.
_-_b Output as octal bytes. Equivalent to _-_t _o_C.
_-_c Output as ASCII characters or backslash escapes.
Equivalent to _-_t _c.
_-_d Output as unsigned decimal shorts. Equivalent to
_-_t _u_2.
_-_f Output as floats. Equivalent to _-_t _f_F.
_-_h Output as hexadecimal shorts. Equivalent to _-_t _x_2.
_-_i Output as decimal shorts. Equivalent to _-_t _d_2.
_-_l Output as decimal longs. Equivalent to _-_t _d_4.
_-_o Output as octal shorts. Equivalent to _-_t _o_2.
_-_x Output as hexadecimal shorts. Equivalent to _-_t _x_2.
_-_C_, _-_-_c_o_m_p_a_t_i_b_l_e
Recognize the pre-POSIX non-option arguments that
some older versions of od accepted. The following
syntax
oodd -C [file] [[+]offset[.][b] [[+]label[.][b]]]
can be used to specify at most one file and
optional arguments specifying an offset and a
FSF GNU Text Utilities 3
OD(1L) OD(1L)
pseudo-start address, _l_a_b_e_l_. By default, _o_f_f_s_e_t is
interpreted as an octal number specifying how many
input bytes to skip before formatting and writing.
The optional trailing decimal point forces the
interpretation of _o_f_f_s_e_t as a decimal number. If
no decimal is specified and the offset begins with
`0x' or `0x' it is interpreted as a hexadecimal
number. If there is a trailing `b', the number of
bytes skipped will be _o_f_f_s_e_t multiplied by 512.
The label argument is interpreted just like offset,
but it specifies an initial pseudo-address. The
pseudo addresses are displayed in parentheses fol-
lowing any normal address.
FSF GNU Text Utilities 4