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1993-12-07
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GZIP(1) GZIP(1)
NNAAMMEE
gzip, gunzip, zcat - compress or expand files
SSYYNNOOPPSSIISS
ggzziipp [ --aaccddffhhllLLnnNNrrttvvVV1199 ] [--SS ssuuffffiixx] [ _n_a_m_e _._._. ]
gguunnzziipp [ --aaccffhhllLLnnNNrrttvvVV ] [--SS ssuuffffiixx] [ _n_a_m_e _._._. ]
zzccaatt [ --ffhhLLVV ] [ _n_a_m_e _._._. ]
DDEESSCCRRIIPPTTIIOONN
_G_z_i_p reduces the size of the named files using Lempel-Ziv
coding (LZ77). Whenever possible, each file is replaced
by one with the extension ..ggzz,, while keeping the same own-
ership modes, access and modification times. (The default
extension is --ggzz for VMS, zz for MSDOS, OS/2 FAT, Windows
NT FAT and Atari.) If no files are specified, or if a
file name is "-", the standard input is compressed to the
standard output. _G_z_i_p will only attempt to compress regu-
lar files. In particular, it will ignore symbolic links.
If the compressed file name is too long for its file sys-
tem, _g_z_i_p truncates it. _G_z_i_p attempts to truncate only
the parts of the file name longer than 3 characters. (A
part is delimited by dots.) If the name consists of small
parts only, the longest parts are truncated. For example,
if file names are limited to 14 characters, gzip.msdos.exe
is compressed to gzi.msd.exe.gz. Names are not truncated
on systems which do not have a limit on file name length.
By default, _g_z_i_p keeps the original file name and times-
tamp in the compressed file. These are used when decom-
pressing the file with the --NN option. This is useful when
the compressed file name was truncated or when the time
stamp was not preserved after a file transfer.
Compressed files can be restored to their original form
using _g_z_i_p _-_d or _g_u_n_z_i_p or _z_c_a_t_. If the original name
saved in the compressed file is not suitable for its file
system, a new name is constructed from the original one to
make it legal.
_g_u_n_z_i_p takes a list of files on its command line and
replaces each file whose name ends with .gz, -gz, .z, -z,
_z or .Z and which begins with the correct magic number
with an uncompressed file without the original extension.
_g_u_n_z_i_p also recognizes the special extensions ..ttggzz and
..ttaazz as shorthands for ..ttaarr..ggzz and ..ttaarr..ZZ respectively.
When compressing, _g_z_i_p uses the ..ttggzz extension if neces-
sary instead of truncating a file with a ..ttaarr extension.
_g_u_n_z_i_p can currently decompress files created by _g_z_i_p_,
_z_i_p_, _c_o_m_p_r_e_s_s_, _c_o_m_p_r_e_s_s _-_H or _p_a_c_k_. The detection of the
input format is automatic. When using the first two for-
mats, _g_u_n_z_i_p checks a 32 bit CRC. For _p_a_c_k_, _g_u_n_z_i_p checks
the uncompressed length. The standard _c_o_m_p_r_e_s_s format was
local 1
GZIP(1) GZIP(1)
not designed to allow consistency checks. However _g_u_n_z_i_p
is sometimes able to detect a bad .Z file. If you get an
error when uncompressing a .Z file, do not assume that the
.Z file is correct simply because the standard _u_n_c_o_m_p_r_e_s_s
does not complain. This generally means that the standard
_u_n_c_o_m_p_r_e_s_s does not check its input, and happily generates
garbage output. The SCO compress -H format (lzh compres-
sion method) does not include a CRC but also allows some
consistency checks.
Files created by _z_i_p can be uncompressed by gzip only if
they have a single member compressed with the 'deflation'
method. This feature is only intended to help conversion
of tar.zip files to the tar.gz format. To extract zip
files with several members, use _u_n_z_i_p instead of _g_u_n_z_i_p_.
_z_c_a_t is identical to _g_u_n_z_i_p --cc.. (On some systems, _z_c_a_t
may be installed as _g_z_c_a_t to preserve the original link to
_c_o_m_p_r_e_s_s_._) _z_c_a_t uncompresses either a list of files on
the command line or its standard input and writes the
uncompressed data on standard output. _z_c_a_t will uncom-
press files that have the correct magic number whether
they have a ..ggzz suffix or not.
_G_z_i_p uses the Lempel-Ziv algorithm used in _z_i_p and PKZIP.
The amount of compression obtained depends on the size of
the input and the distribution of common substrings. Typ-
ically, text such as source code or English is reduced by
60-70%. Compression is generally much better than that
achieved by LZW (as used in _c_o_m_p_r_e_s_s), Huffman coding (as
used in _p_a_c_k), or adaptive Huffman coding (_c_o_m_p_a_c_t).
Compression is always performed, even if the compressed
file is slightly larger than the original. The worst case
expansion is a few bytes for the gzip file header, plus 5
bytes every 32K block, or an expansion ratio of 0.015% for
large files. Note that the actual number of used disk
blocks almost never increases. _g_z_i_p preserves the mode,
ownership and timestamps of files when compressing or
decompressing.
OOPPTTIIOONNSS
--aa ----aasscciiii
Ascii text mode: convert end-of-lines using local
conventions. This option is supported only on some
non-Unix systems. For MSDOS, CR LF is converted to
LF when compressing, and LF is converted to CR LF
when decompressing.
--cc ----ssttddoouutt ----ttoo--ssttddoouutt
Write output on standard output; keep original
files unchanged. If there are several input files,
the output consists of a sequence of independently
local 2
GZIP(1) GZIP(1)
compressed members. To obtain better compression,
concatenate all input files before compressing
them.
--dd ----ddeeccoommpprreessss ----uunnccoommpprreessss
Decompress.
--ff ----ffoorrccee
Force compression or decompression even if the file
has multiple links or the corresponding file
already exists, or if the compressed data is read
from or written to a terminal. If the input data is
not in a format recognized by _g_z_i_p_, and if the
option --stdout is also given, copy the input data
without change to the standard ouput: let _z_c_a_t
behave as _c_a_t_. If --ff is not given, and when not
running in the background, _g_z_i_p prompts to verify
whether an existing file should be overwritten.
--hh ----hheellpp
Display a help screen and quit.
--ll ----lliisstt
For each compressed file, list the following
fields:
compressed size: size of the compressed file
uncompressed size: size of the uncompressed
file
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