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deflate.c
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1993-08-13
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/* deflate.c -- compress data using the deflation algorithm
* Copyright (C) 1992-1993 Jean-loup Gailly
* This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
* terms of the GNU General Public License, see the file COPYING.
*/
/*
* PURPOSE
*
* Identify new text as repetitions of old text within a fixed-
* length sliding window trailing behind the new text.
*
* DISCUSSION
*
* The "deflation" process depends on being able to identify portions
* of the input text which are identical to earlier input (within a
* sliding window trailing behind the input currently being processed).
*
* The most straightforward technique turns out to be the fastest for
* most input files: try all possible matches and select the longest.
* The key feature of this algorithm is that insertions into the string
* dictionary are very simple and thus fast, and deletions are avoided
* completely. Insertions are performed at each input character, whereas
* string matches are performed only when the previous match ends. So it
* is preferable to spend more time in matches to allow very fast string
* insertions and avoid deletions. The matching algorithm for small
* strings is inspired from that of Rabin & Karp. A brute force approach
* is used to find longer strings when a small match has been found.
* A similar algorithm is used in comic (by Jan-Mark Wams) and freeze
* (by Leonid Broukhis).
* A previous version of this file used a more sophisticated algorithm
* (by Fiala and Greene) which is guaranteed to run in linear amortized
* time, but has a larger average cost, uses more memory and is patented.
* However the F&G algorithm may be faster for some highly redundant
* files if the parameter max_chain_length (described below) is too large.
*
* ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
*
* The idea of lazy evaluation of matches is due to Jan-Mark Wams, and
* I found it in 'freeze' written by Leonid Broukhis.
* Thanks to many info-zippers for bug reports and testing.
*
* REFERENCES
*
* APPNOTE.TXT documentation file in PKZIP 1.93a distribution.
*
* A description of the Rabin and Karp algorithm is given in the book
* "Algorithms" by R. Sedgewick, Addison-Wesley, p252.
*
* Fiala,E.R., and Greene,D.H.
* Data Compression with Finite Windows, Comm.ACM, 32,4 (1989) 490-595
*
* INTERFACE
*
* void lm_init (int pack_level, ush *flags)
* Initialize the "longest match" routines for a new file
*
* ulg deflate (void)
* Processes a new input file and return its compressed length. Sets
* the compressed length, crc, deflate flags and internal file
* attributes.
*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include "tailor.h"
#include "gzip.h"
#include "lzw.h" /* just for consistency checking */
#ifdef RCSID
static char rcsid[] = "$Id: deflate.c,v 0.15 1993/06/24 10:53:53 jloup Exp $";
#endif
/* ===========================================================================
* Configuration parameters
*/
/* Compile with MEDIUM_MEM to reduce the memory requirements or
* with SMALL_MEM to use as little memory as possible. Use BIG_MEM if the
* entire input file can be held in memory (not possible on 16 bit systems).
* Warning: defining these symbols affects HASH_BITS (see below) and thus
* affects the compression ratio. The compressed output
* is still correct, and might even be smaller in some cases.
*/
#ifdef SMALL_MEM
# define HASH_BITS 13 /* Number of bits used to hash strings */
#endif
#ifdef MEDIUM_MEM
# define HASH_BITS 14
#endif
#ifndef HASH_BITS
# define HASH_BITS 15
/* For portability to 16 bit machines, do not use values above 15. */
#endif
/* To save space (see unlzw.c), we overlay prev+head with tab_prefix and
* window with tab_suffix. Check that we can do this:
*/
#if (WSIZE<<1) > (1<<BITS)
error: cannot overlay window with tab_suffix and prev with tab_prefix0
#endif
#if HASH_BITS > BITS-1
error: cannot overlay head with tab_prefix1
#endif
#define HASH_SIZE (unsigned)(1<<HASH_BITS)
#define HASH_MASK (HASH_SIZE-1)
#define WMASK (WSIZE-1)
/* HASH_SIZE and WSIZE must be powers of two */
#define NIL 0
/* Tail of hash chains */
#define FAST 4
#define SLOW 2
/* speed options for the general purpose bit flag */
#ifndef TOO_FAR
# define TOO_FAR 4096
#endif
/* Matches of length 3 are discarded if their distance exceeds TOO_FAR */
/* ===========================================================================
* Local data used by the "longest match" routines.
*/
typedef ush Pos;
typedef unsigned IPos;
/* A Pos is an index in the character window. We use short instead of int to
* save space in the various tables. IPos is used only for parameter passing.
*/
/* DECLARE(uch, window, 2L*WSIZE); */
/* Sliding window. Input bytes are read into the second half of the window,
* and move to the first half later to keep a dictionary of at least WSIZE
* bytes. With this organization, matches are limited to a distance of
* WSIZE-MAX_MATCH bytes, but this ensures that IO is always
* performed with a length multiple of the block size. Also, it limits
* the window size to 64K, which is quite useful on MSDOS.
* To do: limit the window size to WSIZE+BSZ if SMALL_MEM (the code would
* be less efficient).
*/
/* DECLARE(Pos, prev, WSIZE); */
/* Link to older string with same hash index. To limit the size of this
* array to 64K, this link is maintained only for the last 32K strings.
* An index in this array is thus a window index modulo 32K.
*/
/* DECLARE(Pos, head, 1<<HASH_BITS); */
/* Heads of the hash chains or NIL. */
ulg window_size = (ulg)2*WSIZE;
/* window size, 2*WSIZE except for MMAP or BIG_MEM, where it is the
* input file length plus MIN_LOOKAHEAD.
*/
long block_start;
/* window position at the beginning of the current output block. Gets
* negative when the window is moved backwards.
*/
local unsigned ins_h; /* hash index of string to be inserted */
#define H_SHIFT ((HASH_BITS+MIN_MATCH-1)/MIN_MATCH)
/* Number of bits by which ins_h and del_h must be shifted at each
* input step. It must be such that after MIN_MATCH steps, the oldest
* byte no longer takes part in the hash key, that is:
* H_SHIFT * MIN_MATCH >= HASH_BITS
*/
unsigned int near prev_length;
/* Length of the best match at previous step. Matches not greater than this
* are discarded. This is used in the lazy match evaluation.
*/
unsigned near strstart; /* start of string to insert */
unsigned near match_start; /* start of matching string */
local int eofile; /* flag set at end of input file */
local unsigned lookahead; /* number of valid bytes ahead in window */
unsigned near max_chain_length;
/* To speed up deflation, hash chains are never searched beyond this length.
* A higher limit improves compression ratio but degrades the speed.
*/
local unsigned int max_lazy_match;
/* Attempt to find a better match only when the current match is strictly
* smaller than this value. This mechanism is used only for compression
* levels >= 4.
*/
#define max_insert_length max_lazy_match
/* Insert new strings in the hash table only if the match length
* is not greater than this length. This saves time but degrades compression.
* max_insert_length is used only for compression levels <= 3.
*/
local int compr_level;
/* compression level (1..9) */
unsigned near good_match;
/* Use a faster search when the previous match is longer than this */
/* Values for max_lazy_match, good_match and max_chain_length, depending on
* the desired pack level (0..9). The values given below have been tuned to
* exclude worst case performance for pathological files. Better values may be
* found for specific files.
*/
typedef struct config {
ush good_length; /* reduce lazy search above this match length */
ush max_lazy; /* do not perform lazy search above this match length */
ush nice_length; /* quit search above this match length */
ush max_chain;
} config;
#ifdef FULL_SEARCH
# de