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- NETDATE(8L) NETDATE(8L)
-
-
- NAME
- netdate - set date and time by ARPA Internet RFC 868
-
- SYNOPSIS
- netdate [ -v ] [ -l limit ] [ protocol ] hostname...
-
- DESCRIPTION
- Netdate takes a list of names of Internet hosts as argu-
- ments, selects the one which supplies the best time, and
- sets the system time accordingly. The invoker must be the
- super-user for the time to be set. Protocol names (either
- udp or tcp) may be interspersed with the host names, and
- determine the protocol which will be used to connect to
- the hosts whose names follow, up to the next protocol name
- or the end of the arguments. The default protocol is udp.
-
- The ``best'' time is chosen by polling the named hosts
- once each to find their times and taking their differences
- from the local host's time. These differences are used to
- find the largest group of hosts whose times agree with
- each other within a certain limit. The first host in the
- largest group is picked as the best host. (The assumption
- is that the hosts which are usually most accurate will be
- named first.) That host is polled again and the local
- host's time is set to the result. The chosen host's time
- is checked on this second poll to insure that its differ-
- ence from the local host's time has not varied more than
- the limit from its difference at the first poll.
-
- The default limit is five seconds. It may be set with the
- -l option. The -v option causes the groups to be shown.
- The host name localhost is recognized as a synonym for the
- name of the local host, no network connection is made for
- it, and its time difference is always zero. If localhost
- is chosen as having the best time, the system time will
- not be set. Hosts which do not respond are not counted in
- the groups. If the limit is set to zero, the time is set
- to that of the first host to respond and no other checking
- is done. Supplying only one host name argument also sets
- the limit to zero.
-
- While the RFC868 protocol only returns 32 bits of data,
- containing the time in seconds, netdate will accept an
- extra 32 bits, containing microseconds (expected to be
- accurate to no more than milliseconds). Delays on long
- haul networks may make this extra precision useless, but
- it is useful on local area networks. The extra precision
- is not used on the first poll of a host, but it is used on
- the second poll of the chosen host, if that host supplies
- it.
-
- EXAMPLE
- The most accurate hosts are named first in each example.
- Some such call on netdate should be put at the end of
- /etc/rc.d/rc.local, so that the time will be set properly
- on system startup. It is also useful to have a shell
- script, e.g., /sbin/timehosts, which contains a call on
- netdate with arguments appropriate to the local system, so
- that it is easy to set the time manually.
-
- netdate -l 30 udp dcn-gate tcp neighbor
- Dcn-gate is a hypothetical host which usually keeps time
- accurate to within milliseconds of Coordinated Universal
- Time, but may occasionally be eight hours off. Neighbor
- is a neighbor of the local host which keeps time with mod-
- erate accuracy. The time will be set to that of dcn-gate
- if that and neighbor agree to within thirty seconds, else
- it will not be set at all. This is almost good enough for
- most circumstances, but won't do when the local host's
- time is known to be wrong (e.g., after a long downtime or
- a bad crash) and must be set to something. If one of the
- hosts named is inaccurate or not responding, there is a
- problem.
-
- netdate -l 30 udp dcn-gate tcp neighbor neighbor2
- Only two of the three hosts named must agree on the time.
- The time will still be set (to that of the first neigh-
- bor), even if dcn-gate is far off as long as the two
- neighbors agree. This is probably good enough for most
- cases. One can arbitrarily gerrymander the vote for more
- insurance (and less clarity), as in the following example.
-
- netdate udp dcn-gate dcn1 tcp bbn-unix localhost neighbor
- Here dcn1 and bbn-unix are more hypothetical very accurate
- timekeepers, at least one of which keeps time indepen-
- dently from dcn-gate, one hopes. It is very likely that
- the time will be set to that one of those three very accu-
- rate hosts, as long as at least two of them agree, or at
- least one of them agrees with the neighbor or the local
- host's time. If all the foreign hosts disagree, the time
- will not be set, since localhost will be chosen as best.
-
- netdate -l 3 localhost localhost udp dcn-gate dcn1 tcp bbn-unix
- This example gives localhost two votes and declares it to
- usually have the most accurate time. All three foreign
- hosts must agree within three seconds and also differ from
- localhosts by more than three seconds for the time to be
- set. Thus the time will be set only if it really needs to
- be.
-
- FILES
- /etc/services for the time service port number
- /etc/protocols for the protocol numbers
- /var/adm/wtmp to record time-setting
-
- SEE ALSO
- ARPANET Request for Comments 868, gettimeofday(2),
- date(1), WWV (USA): 2.5,5,10,15 MHz AM for Coordinated
- Universal Time (UCT).
-
- DIAGNOSTICS
- 85/08/21 3
-