BibleWare/BibWare.bin/bibref/mhc.exe/PS.TXT

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$-$-$- PS:1

** David was the penman of most of the psalms, but some
evidently were composed by other writers, and the writers of
some are doubtful. But all were written by the inspiration of
the Holy Ghost; and no part of the Old Testament is more
frequently quoted or referred to in the New. Every psalm either
points directly to Christ, in his person, his character, and
offices; or may lead the believer's thoughts to Him. And the
psalms are the language of the believer's heart, whether
mourning for sin, thirsting after God, or rejoicing in Him.
Whether burdened with affliction, struggling with temptation, or
triumphing in the hope or enjoyment of deliverance; whether
admiring the Divine perfections, thanking God for his mercies,
mediating on his truths, or delighting in his service; they form
a Divinely appointed standard of experience, by which we may
judge ourselves. Their value, in this view, is very great, and
the use of them will increase with the growth of the power of
true religion in the heart. By the psalmist's expressions, the
Spirit helps us to pray. If we make the psalms familiar to us,
whatever we have to ask at the throne of grace, by way of
confession, petition, or thanksgiving, we may be assisted from
thence. Whatever devout affection is working in us, holy desire
or hope, sorrow or joy, we may here find words to clothe it;
sound speech which cannot be condemned. In the language of this
Divine book, the prayers and praises of the church have been
offered up to the throne of grace from age to age.

* The holiness and happiness of a godly man. (1-3) The
sinfulness and misery of a wicked man, The ground and reason of
both. (4-6)

#1-3 To meditate in God's word, is to discourse with ourselves
concerning the great things contained in it, with close
application of mind and fixedness of thought. We must have
constant regard to the word of God, as the rule of our actions,
and the spring of our comforts; and have it in our thoughts
night and day. For this purpose no time is amiss.

#4-6 The ungodly are the reverse of the righteous, both in
character and condition. The ungodly are not so, ver. 4; they
are led by the counsel of the wicked, in the way of sinners, to
the seat of the scornful; they have no delight in the law of
God; they bring forth no fruit but what is evil. The righteous
are like useful, fruitful trees: the ungodly are like the chaff
which the wind drives away: the dust which the owner of the
floor desires to have driven away, as not being of any use. They
are of no worth in God's account, how highly soever they may
value themselves. They are easily driven to and fro by every
wind of temptation. The chaff may be, for a while, among the
wheat, but He is coming, whose fan is in his hand, and who will
thoroughly purge his floor. Those that, by their own sin and
folly, make themselves as chaff, will be found so before the
whirlwind and fire of Divine wrath. The doom of the ungodly is
fixed, but whenever the sinner becomes sensible of this guilt
and misery, he may be admitted into the company of the righteous
by Christ the living way, and become in Christ a new creature.
He has new desires, new pleasures, hopes, fears, sorrows,
companions, and employments. His thoughts, words, and actions
are changed. He enters on a new state, and bears a new
character. Behold, all things are become new by Divine grace,
which changes his soul into the image of the Redeemer. How
different the character and end of the ungodly!
$-$-$- PS:2

* Threatenings against the enemies of Christ's kingdom. (1-6)
Promise to Christ as the Head of this kingdom. (7-9) Counsel to
all, to espouse its interests. (10-12)

#1-6 We are here told who would appear as adversaries to Christ.
As this world is the kingdom of Satan, unconverted men, of every
rank, party, and character, are stirred up by him to oppose the
cause of God. But the rulers of the earth generally have been
most active. The truths and precepts of Christianity are against
ambitious projects and worldly lusts. We are told what they aim
at in this opposition. They would break asunder the bands of
conscience, and the cords of God's commandments; they will not
receive, but cast them away as far as they can. These enemies
can show no good cause for opposing so just and holy a
government, which, if received by all, would bring a heaven upon
earth. They can hope for no success in so opposing so powerful a
kingdom. The Lord Jesus has all power both in heaven and in
earth, and is Head over all things to the church,
notwithstanding the restless endeavours of his enemies. Christ's
throne is set up in his church, that is, in the hearts of all
believers.

#7-9 The kingdom of the Messiah is founded upon an eternal
decree of God the Father. This our Lord Jesus often referred to,
as what he governed himself by. God hath said unto him, Thou art
my Son, and it becomes each of us to say to him, Thou art my
Lord, my Sovereign'. The Son, in asking the heathen for his
inheritance, desires their happiness in him; so that he pleads
for them, ever lives to do so, and is able to save to the
uttermost, and he shall have multitudes of willing, loyal
subjects, among them. Christians are the possession of the Lord
Jesus; they are to him for a name and a praise. God the Father
gives them to him, when, by his Spirit and grace, he works upon
them to submit to the Lord Jesus.

#10-12 Whatever we rejoice in, in this world, it must always be
with trembling, because of the uncertainty of all things in it.
To welcome Jesus Christ, and to submit to him, is our wisdom and
interest. Let him be very dear and precious; love him above all,
love him in sincerity, love him much, as she did, to whom much
was forgiven, and, in token of it, kissed his feet, #Lu 7:38|.
And with a kiss of loyalty take this yoke upon you, and give up
yourselves to be governed by his laws, disposed of by his
providence, and entirely devoted to his cause. Unbelief is a sin
against the remedy. It will be utter destruction to yourselves;
lest ye perish in the way of your sins, and from the way of your
vain hopes; lest your way perish, lest you prove to have missed
the way of happiness. Christ is the way; take heed lest ye be
cut off from Him as your way to God. They thought themselves in
the way; but neglecting Christ, they perish from it. Blessed
will those be in the day of wrath, who, by trusting in Christ,
have made him their Refuge.
$-$-$- PS:3

* David complains to God of his enemies, and confides in God.
(1-3) He triumphs over his fears, and gives God the glory, and
takes to himself the comfort. (4-8)

#1-3 An active believer, the more he is beaten off from God,
either by the rebukes of providence, or the reproaches of
enemies, the faster hold he will take, and the closer will he
cleave to him. A child of God startles at the very thought of
despairing of help in God. See what God is to his people, what
he will be, what they have found him, what David found in him.
1. Safety; a shield for me; which denotes the advantage of that
protection. 2. Honour; those whom God owns for his, have true
honour put upon them. 3. Joy and deliverance. If, in the worst
of times, God's people can lift up their heads with joy, knowing
that all shall work for good to them, they will own God as
giving them both cause and hearts to rejoice.

#4-8 Care and grief do us good, when they engage us to pray to
God, as in earnest. David had always found God ready to answer
his prayers. Nothing can fix a gulf between the communications
of God's grace towards us, and the working of his grace in us;
between his favour and our faith. He had always been very safe
under the Divine protection. This is applicable to the common
mercies of every night, for which we ought to give thanks every
morning. Many lie down, and cannot sleep, through pain of body,
or anguish of mind, or the continual alarms of fear in the
night. But it seems here rather to be meant of the calmness of
David's spirit, in the midst of his dangers. The Lord, by his
grace and the consolations of his Spirit, made him easy. It is a
great mercy, when we are in trouble, to have our minds stayed
upon God. Behold the Son of David composing himself to his rest
upon the cross, that bed of sorrows; commending his Spirit into
the Father's hands in full confidence of a joyful resurrection.
Behold this, O Christian: let faith teach thee how to sleep, and
how to die; while it assures thee that as sleep is a short
death, so death is only a longer sleep; the same God watches
over thee, in thy bed and in thy grave. David's faith became
triumphant. He began the psalm with complaints of the strength
and malice of his enemies; but concludes with rejoicing in the
power and grace of his God, and now sees more with him than
against him. Salvation belongeth unto the Lord; he has power to
save, be the danger ever so great. All that have the Lord for
their God, are sure of salvation; for he who is their God, is
the God of Salvation.
$-$-$- PS:4

* The children of men proved, and the happiness of godly people.
(1-5) God's favour is happiness. (6-8)

#1-5 Hear me for thy mercy-sake, is our best plea. He who will
not ask such blessings as pardon, and justifying righteousness,
and eternal life, must perish for the want of them. Alas! that
so many should make so fearful a choice. The psalmist warns
against sin. Keep up holy reverence of the glory and majesty of
God. You have a great deal to say to your hearts, they may be
spoken with, let it not be unsaid. Examine them by serious
self-reflection; let your thoughts fasten upon that which is
good, and keep close to it. Consider your ways, and before you
turn to sleep at night, examine your consciences with respect to
what you have done in the day; particularly what you have done
amiss, that you may repent of it. when you awake in the night,
meditate upon God, and the things that belong to your peace.
Upon a sick-bed, particularly, we should consider our ways. Be
still. when you have asked conscience a question, be serious, be
silent, wait for an answer. Open not the mouth to excuse sin.
All confidence must be pan answer. Open not the mouth to excuse
sin. All confidence only: therefore, after commanding the
sacrifices of righteousness, the psalmist says, Put your trust
in the Lord.

#6-8 Wordly people inquire for good, not for the chief good; all
they want is outward good, present good, partial good, good
meat, good drink, a good trade, and a good estate; but what are
all these worth? Any good will serve the turn of most men, but a
gracious soul will not be put off so. Lord, let us have thy
favour, and let us know that we have it, we desire no more; let
us be satisfied of thy loving-kindness, and will be satisfied
with it. Many inquire after happiness, but David had found it.
When God puts grace in the heart, he puts gladness in the heart.
Thus comforted, he pitied, but neither envied nor feared the
most prosperous sinner. He commits all his affairs to God, and
is prepared to welcome his holy will. But salvation is in Christ
alone; where will those appear who despise him as their
Mediator, and revile him in his disciples? May they stand in
awe, and no longer sin against the only remedy.
$-$-$- PS:5

* God will certainly hear prayer: David gives to God the glory,
and takes to himself the comfort. (1-6) He prayed for himself,
that God would guide him, and for all the Lord's people, that
God would give them joy, and keep them safe. (7-12)

#1-6 God is a prayer-hearing God. Such he has always been, and
he is still as ready to hear prayer as ever. The most
encouraging principle of prayer, and the most powerful plea in
prayer, is, to look upon him as our King and our God. David also
prays to a sin-hating God. sin is folly, and sinners are the
greatest of all fools; fools of their own making. Wicked people
hate God; justly are they hated of him, and this will be their
endless misery and ruin. Let us learn the importance of truth
and sincerity, in all the affairs of life. Liars and murderers
resemble the devil, and are his children, therefore it may well
be expected that God should abhor them. These were the
characters of David's enemies; and such as these are still the
enemies of Christ and his people.

#7-12 David prayed often alone, yet was very constant in
attendance on public worship. The mercy of God should ever be
the foundation both of our hope and of our joy, in every thing
wherein we have to do with him. Let us learn to pray, not for
ourselves only, but for others; grace be with all that love
Christ in sincerity. The Divine blessing comes down upon us
through Jesus Christ, the righteous or just One, as of old it
did upon Israel through David, whom God protected, and placed
upon the throne. Thou, O Christ, art the righteous Saviour, thou
art the King of Israel, thou art the Fountain of blessing to all
believers; thy favour is the defence and protection of thy
church.
$-$-$- PS:6

* The psalmist deprecates God's wrath, and begs for the return
of his favour. (1-7) He assures himself of an answer of peace.
(8-10)

#1-7 These verses speak the language of a heart truly humbled,
of a broken and contrite spirit under great afflictions, sent to
awaken conscience and mortify corruption. Sickness brought sin
to his remembrance, and he looked upon it as a token of God's
displeasure against him. The affliction of his body will be
tolerable, if he has comfort in his soul. Christ's sorest
complaint, in his sufferings, was of the trouble of his soul,
and the want of his Father's smiles. Every page of Scripture
proclaims the fact, that salvation is only of the Lord. Man is a
sinner, his case can only be reached by mercy; and never is
mercy more illustrious than in restoring backsliders. With good
reason we may pray, that if it be the will of God, and he has
any further work for us or our friends to do in this world, he
will yet spare us or them to serve him. To depart and be with
Christ is happiest for the saints; but for them to abide in the
flesh is more profitable for the church.

#8-10 What a sudden change is here! Having made his request
known to God, the psalmist is confident that his sorrow will be
turned into joy. By the workings of God's grace upon his heart,
he knew his prayer was accepted, and did not doubt but it would,
in due time, be answered. His prayers will be accepted, coming
up out of the hands of Christ the Mediator. The word signifies
prayer made to God, the righteous Judge, as the God of his
righteousness, who would plead his cause, and right his wrongs.
A believer, through the blood and righteousness of Christ, can
go to God as a righteous God, and plead with him for pardon and
cleansing, who is just and faithful to grant both. He prays for
the conversion of his enemies, or foretells their ruin.
$-$-$- PS:7

* The psalmist prays to God to plead his cause, and judge for
him. (1-9) He expresses confidence in God, and will give him the
glory of his deliverance. (10-17)

#1-9 David flees to God for succour. But Christ alone could call
on Heaven to attest his uprightness in all things. All His works
were wrought in righteousness; and the prince of this world
found nothing whereof justly to accuse him. Yet for our sakes,
submitting to be charged as guilty, he suffered all evils, but,
being innocent, he triumphed over them all. The plea is, "For
the righteous God trieth the hearts and the reins." He knows the
secret wickedness of the wicked, and how to bring it to an end;
he is witness to the secret sincerity of the just, and has ways
of establishing it. When a man has made peace with God about all
his sins, upon the terms of grace and mercy, through the
sacrifice of the Mediator, he may, in comparison with his
enemies, appeal to God's justice to decide.

#10-17 David is confident that he shall find God his powerful
Saviour. The destruction of sinners may be prevented by their
conversion; for it is threatened, If he turn not from his evil
way, let him expect it will be his ruin. But amidst the
threatenings of wrath, we have a gracious offer of mercy. God
gives sinners warning of their danger, and space to repent, and
prevent it. He is slow to punish, and long-suffering to us-ward,
not willing that any should perish. The sinner is described,
ver. #14-16|, as taking more pains to ruin his soul than, if
directed aright, would save it. This is true, in a sense, of all
sinners. Let us look to the Saviour under all our trials.
Blessed Lord, give us grace to look to thee in the path of
tribulation, going before thy church and people, and marking the
way by thine own spotless example. Under all the persecutions
which in our lesser trials mark our way, let the looking to
Jesus animate our minds and comfort our hearts.
$-$-$- PS:8

* God is to be glorified, for making known himself to us. (1,2)
And for making even the heavenly bodies useful to man, thereby
placing him but little lower than the angels. (3-9)

#1,2 The psalmist seeks to give unto God the glory due to his
name. How bright this glory shines even in this lower world! He
is ours, for he made us, protects us, and takes special care of
us. The birth, life, preaching, miracles, suffering, death,
resurrection, and ascension of Jesus are known through the
world. No name is so universal, no power and influence so
generally felt, as those of the Saviour of mankind. But how much
brighter it shines in the upper world! We, on this earth, only
hear God's excellent name, and praise that; the angels and
blessed spirits above, see his glory, and praise that; yet he is
exalted far above even their blessing and praise. Sometimes the
grace of God appears wonderfully in young children. Sometimes
the power of God brings to pass great things in his church, by
very weak and unlikely instruments, that the excellency of the
power might the more evidently appear to be of God, and not of
man. This he does, because of his enemies, that he may put them
to silence.

#3-9 We are to consider the heavens, that man thus may be
directed to set his affections on things above. What is man, so
mean a creature, that he should be thus honoured! so sinful a
creature, that he should be thus favoured! Man has sovereign
dominion over the inferior creatures, under God, and is
appointed their lord. This refers to Christ. In #Heb 2:6-8|, the
apostle, to prove the sovereign dominion of Christ, shows he is
that Man, that Son of man, here spoken of, whom God has made to
have dominion over the works of his hands. The greatest favour
ever showed to the human race, and the greatest honour ever put
upon human nature, were exemplified in the Lord Jesus. With good
reason does the psalmist conclude as he began, Lord, how
excellent is thy name in all the earth, which has been honoured
with the presence of the Redeemer, and is still enlightened by
his gospel, and governed by his wisdom and power! What words can
reach his praises, who has a right to our obedience as our
Redeemer?
$-$-$- PS:9

* David praises God for protecting his people. (1-10) And for
cause to praise him. (11-20)

#1-10 If we would praise God acceptably, we must praise him in
sincerity, with our whole heart. When we give thanks for some
one particular mercy, we should remember former mercies. Our joy
must not be in the gift, so much as in the Giver. The triumphs
of the Redeemer ought to be the triumphs of the redeemed. The
almighty power of God is that which the strongest and stoutest
of his enemies are no way able to stand before. We are sure that
the judgment of God is according to truth, and that with him
there is no unrighteousness. His people may, by faith, flee to
him as their Refuge, and may depend on his power and promise for
their safety, so that no real hurt shall be done to them. Those
who know him to be a God of truth and faithfulness, will rejoice
in his word of promise, and rest upon that. Those who know him
to be an everlasting Father, will trust him with their souls as
their main care, and trust in him at all times, even to the end;
and by constant care seek to approve themselves to him in the
whole course of their lives. Who is there that would not seek
him, who never hath forsaken those that seek Him?

#11-20 Those who believe that God is greatly to be praised, not
only desire to praise him better themselves, but desire that
others may join with them. There is a day coming, when it will
appear that he has not forgotten the cry of the humble; neither
the cry of their blood, or the cry of their prayers. We are
never brought so low, so near to death, but God can raise us up.
If he has saved us from spiritual and eternal death, we may
thence hope, that in all our distresses he will be a very
present help to us. The overruling providence of God frequently
so orders it, that persecutors and oppressors are brought to
ruin by the projects they formed to destroy the people of God.
Drunkards kill themselves; prodigals beggar themselves; the
contentious bring mischief upon themselves: thus men's sins may
be read in their punishment, and it becomes plain to all, that
the destruction of sinners is of themselves. All wickedness came
originally with the wicked one from hell; and those who continue
in sin, must go to that place of torment. The true state, both
of nations and of individuals, may be correctly estimated by
this one rule, whether in their doings they remember or forget
God. David encourages the people of God to wait for his
salvation, though it should be long deferred. God will make it
appear that he never did forget them: it is not possible he
should. Strange that man, dust in his and about him, should yet
need some sharp affliction, some severe visitation from God, to
bring him to the knowledge of himself, and make him feel who and
what he is.
$-$-$- PS:10

* The psalmist complains of the wickedness of the wicked. (1-11)
He prays to God to appear for the relief of his people. (12-18)

#1-11 God's withdrawings are very grievous to his people,
especially in times of trouble. We stand afar off from God by
our unbelief, and then complain that God stands afar off from
us. Passionate words against bad men do more hurt than good; if
we speak of their badness, let it be to the Lord in prayer; he
can make them better. The sinner proudly glories in his power
and success. Wicked people will not seek after God, that is,
will not call upon him. They live without prayer, and that is
living without God. They have many thoughts, many objects and
devices, but think not of the Lord in any of them; they have no
submission to his will, nor aim for his glory. The cause of this
is pride. Men think it below them to be religious. They could
not break all the laws of justice and goodness toward man, if
they had not first shaken off all sense of religion.

#12-18 The psalmist speaks with astonishment, at the wickedness
of the wicked, and at the patience and forbearance of God. God
prepares the heart for prayer, by kindling holy desires, and
strengthening our most holy faith, fixing the thoughts, and
raising the affections, and then he graciously accepts the
prayer. The preparation of the heart is from the Lord, and we
must seek unto him for it. Let the poor, afflicted, persecuted,
or tempted believer recollect, that Satan is the prince of this
world, and that he is the father of all the ungodly. The
children of God cannot expect kindness, truth, or justice from
such persons as crucified the Lord of glory. But this once
suffering Jesus, now reigns as King over all the earth, and of
his dominion there shall be no end. Let us commit ourselves unto
him, humbly trusting in his mercy. He will rescue the believer
from every temptation, and break the arm of every wicked
oppressor, and bruise Satan under our feet shortly. But in
heaven alone will all sin and temptation be shut out, though in
this life the believer has a foretaste of deliverance.
$-$-$- PS:11

* David's struggle with, and triumph over a strong temptation to
distrust God, and betake himself to indirect means for his own
safety, in a time of danger.

- Those that truly fear God and serve him, are welcome to put
their trust in him. The psalmist, before he gives an account of
his temptation to distrust God, records his resolution to trust
in Him, as that by which he was resolved to live and die. The
believer, though not terrified by his enemies, may be tempted,
by the fears of his friends, to desert his post, or neglect his
work. They perceive his danger, but not his security; they give
him counsel that savours of worldly policy, rather than of
heavenly wisdom. The principles of religion are the foundations
on which the faith and hope of the righteous are built. We are
concerned to hold these fast against all temptations to
unbelief; for believers would be undone, if they had not God to
go to, God to trust in, and future bliss to hope for. The
prosperity of wicked people in their wicked, evil ways, and the
straits and distresses which the best men are sometimes brought
into, tried David's faith. We need not say, Who shall go up to
heaven, to fetch us thence a God to trust in? The word is nigh
us, and God in the word; his Spirit is in his saints, those
living temples, and the Lord is that Spirit. This God governs
the world. We may know what men seem to be, but God knows what
they are, as the refiner knows the value of gold when he has
tried it. God is said to try with his eyes, because he cannot
err, or be imposed upon. If he afflicts good people, it is for
their trial, therefore for their good. However persecutors and
oppressors may prosper awhile, they will for ever perish. God is
a holy God, and therefore hates them. He is a righteous Judge,
and will therefore punish them. In what a horrible tempest are
the wicked hurried away at death! Every man has the portion of
his cup assigned him. Impenitent sinner, mark your doom! The
last call to repentance is about to be addressed to you,
judgement is at hand; through the gloomy shade of death you pass
into the region of eternal wrath. Hasten then, O sinner, to the
cross of Christ. How stands the case between God and our souls?
Is Christ our hope, our consolation, our security? Then, not
otherwise, will the soul be carried through all its difficulties
and conflicts.
$-$-$- PS:12

* The psalmist begs help of God, because there were none among
men whom he durst trust.

- This psalm furnishes good thoughts for bad times; a man may
comfort himself with such meditations and prayers. Let us see
what makes the times bad, and when they may be said to be so.
Ask the children of this world, What makes the times bad? they
will tell you, Scarcity of money, decay of trade, and the
desolations of war, make the times bad: but the Scripture lays
the badness of the times on causes of another nature, #2Ti 3:1,
&c.|: perilous times shall come, for sin shall abound; and of
this David complains. When piety decays times really are bad. He
who made man's mouth will call him to an account for his proud,
profane, dissembling, or even useless words. When the poor and
needy are oppressed, then the times are very bad. God himself
takes notice of the oppression of the poor, and the sighing of
the needy. When wickedness abounds, and is countenanced by those
in authority, then the times are very bad. See with what good
things we are here furnished for such bad times; and we cannot
tell what times we may be reserved for. 1. We have a God to go
to, from whom we may ask and expect the redress of all our
grievances. 2. God will certainly punish and restrain false and
proud men. 3. God will work deliverance for his oppressed
people. His help is given in the fittest time. Though men are
false, God is faithful; though they are not to be trusted, God
is. The preciousness of God's word is compared to silver refined
to the highest degree. How many proofs have been given of its
power and truth! God will secure his chosen remnant, however bad
the times are. As long as the world stands, there will be a
generation of proud and wicked men. But all God's people are put
into the hands of Christ our Saviour; there they are in safety,
for none can pluck them thence; being built on Him, the Rock,
they are safe, notwithstanding temptation or persecution come
with ever so much force upon them.
$-$-$- PS:13

* The psalmist complains that God had long withdrawn. He
earnestly prays for comfort. He assures himself of an answer of
peace.

- God sometimes hides his face, and leaves his own children in
the dark concerning their interest in him: and this they lay to
heart more than any outward trouble whatever. But anxious cares
are heavy burdens with which believers often load themselves
more than they need. The bread of sorrows is sometimes the
saint's daily bread; our Master himself was a man of sorrows. It
is a common temptation, when trouble lasts long, to think that
it will last always. Those who have long been without joy, begin
to be without hope. We should never allow ourselves to make any
complaints but what drive us to our knees. Nothing is more
killing to a soul than the want of God's favour; nothing more
reviving than the return of it. The sudden, delightful changes
in the book of Psalms, are often very remarkable. We pass from
depth of despondency to the height of religious confidence and
joy. It is thus, ver. 5. All is gloomy dejection in ver. 4; but
here the mind of the despondent worshipper rises above all its
distressing fears, and throws itself, without reserve, on the
mercy and care of its Divine Redeemer. See the power of faith,
and how good it is to draw near to God. If we bring our cares
and griefs to the throne of grace, and leave them there, we may
go away like Hannah, and our countenances will be no more said,
#1Sa 1:18|. God's mercy is the support of the psalmist's faith.
Finding I have that to trust to, I am comforted, though I have
no merit of my own. His faith in God's mercy filled his heart
with joy in his salvation; for joy and peace come by believing.
He has dealt bountifully with me. By faith he was as confident
of salvation, as if it had been completed already. In this way
believers pour out their prayers, renouncing all hopes but in
the mercy of God through the Saviour's blood: and sometimes
suddenly, at others gradually, they will find their burdens
removed, and their comforts restored; they then allow that their
fears and complaints were unnecessary, and acknowledge that the
Lord hath dealt bountifully with them.
$-$-$- PS:14

* A description of the depravity of human nature, and the
deplorable corruption of a great part of mankind.

- The fool hath said in his heart, There is no God. The sinner
here described is an atheist, one that saith there is no Judge
or Governor of the world, no Providence ruling over the affairs
of men. He says this in his heart. He cannot satisfy himself
that there is none, but wishes there were none, and pleases
himself that it is possible there may be none; he is willing to
think there is none. This sinner is a fool; he is simple and
unwise, and this is evidence of it: he is wicked and profane,
and this is the cause. The word of God is a discerner of these
thoughts. No man will say, There is no God, till he is so
hardened in sin, that it is become his interest that there
should be none to call him to an account. The disease of sin has
infected the whole race of mankind. They are all gone aside,
there is none that doeth good, no, not one. Whatever good is in
any of the children of men, or is done by them, it is not of
themselves, it is God's work in them. They are gone aside from
the right way of their duty, the way that leads to happiness,
and are turned into the paths of the destroyer. Let us lament
the corruption of our nature, and see what need we have of the
grace of God: let us not marvel that we are told we must be born
again. And we must not rest in any thing short of union with
Christ, and a new creation to holiness by his Spirit. The
psalmist endeavours to convince sinners of the evil and danger
of their way, while they think themselves very wise, and good,
and safe. Their wickedness is described. Those that care not for
God's people, for God's poor, care not for God himself. People
run into all manner of wickedness, because they do not call upon
God for his grace. What good can be expected from those that
live without prayer? But those that will not fear God, may be
made to fear at the shaking of a leaf. All our knowledge of the
depravity of human nature should endear to us salvation out of
Zion. But in heaven alone shall the whole company of the
redeemed rejoice fully, and for evermore. The world is bad; oh
that the Messiah would come and change its character! There is
universal corruption; oh for the times of reformation! The
triumphs of Zion's King will be the joys of Zion's children. The
second coming of Christ, finally to do away the dominion of sin
and Satan, will be the completing of this salvation, which is
the hope, and will be the joy of every Israelite indeed. With
this assurance we should comfort ourselves and one another,
under the sins of sinners and sufferings of saints.
$-$-$- PS:15

* The way to heaven, if we would be happy, we must be holy. We
are encouraged to walk in that way.

- Here is a very serious question concerning the character of a
citizen of Zion. It is the happiness of glorified saints, that
they dwell in the holy hill; they are at home there, they shall
be for ever there. It concerns us to make it sure to ourselves
that we have a place among them. A very plain and particular
answer is here given. Those who desire to know their duty, will
find the Scripture a very faithful director, and conscience a
faithful monitor. A citizen of Zion is sincere in his religion.
He is really what he professes to be, and endeavours to stand
complete in all the will of God. He is just both to God and man;
and, in speaking to both, speaks the truth in his heart. He
scorns and abhors wrong and fraud; he cannot reckon that a good
bargain, nor a saving one, which is made with a lie; and knows
that he who wrongs his neighbour will prove, in the end, to have
most injured himself. He is very careful to do hurt to no man.
He speaks evil of no man, makes not others' faults the matter of
his common talk; he makes the best of every body, and the worst
of nobody. If an ill-natured story be told him, he will disprove
it if he can; if not, it goes no further. He values men by their
virtue and piety. Wicked people are vile people, worthless, and
good for nothing; so the word signifies. He thinks the worse of
no man's piety for his poverty and mean condition. He reckons
that serious piety puts honour upon a man, more than wealth, or
a great name. He honours such, desires their conversation and an
interest in their prayers, is glad to show them respect, or do
them a kindness. By this we may judge of ourselves in some
measure. Even wise and good men may swear to their own hurt: but
see how strong the obligation is, a man must rather suffer loss
to himself and his family, than wrong his neighbour. He will not
increase his estate by extortion, or by bribery. He will not,
for any gain, or hope of it to himself, do any thing to hurt a
righteous cause. Every true living member of the church, like
the church itself, is built upon a Rock. He that doeth these
things shall not be moved for ever. The grace of God shall
always be sufficient for him. The union of these tempers and
this conduct, can only spring from repentance for sin, faith in
the Saviour, and love to him. In these respects let us examine
and prove our own selves.
$-$-$- PS:16

* This psalm begins with expressions of devotion, which may be
applied to Christ; but ends with such confidence of a
resurrection, as must be applied to Christ, and to him only.

- David flees to God's protection, with cheerful, believing
confidence. Those who have avowed that the Lord is their Lord,
should often put themselves in mind of what they have done, take
the comfort of it, and live up to it. He devotes himself to the
honour of God, in the service of the saints. Saints on earth we
must be, or we shall never be saints in heaven. Those renewed by
the grace of God, and devoted to the glory of God, are saints on
earth. The saints in the earth are excellent ones, yet some of
them so poor, that they needed to have David's goodness extended
to them. David declares his resolution to have no fellowship
with the works of darkness; he repeats the solemn choice he had
made of God for his portion and happiness, takes to himself the
comfort of the choice, and gives God the glory of it. This is
the language of a devout and pious soul. Most take the world for
their chief good, and place their happiness in the enjoyments of
it; but how poor soever my condition is in this world, let me
have the love and favour of God, and be accepted of him; let me
have a title by promise to life and happiness in the future
state; and I have enough. Heaven is an inheritance; we must take
that for our home, our rest, our everlasting good, and look upon
this world to be no more ours, than the country through which is
our road to our Father's house. Those that have God for their
portion, have a goodly heritage. Return unto thy rest, O my
soul, and look no further. Gracious persons, though they still
covet more of God, never covet more than God; but, being
satisfied of his loving-kindness, are abundantly satisfied with
it: they envy not any their carnal mirth and delights. But so
ignorant and foolish are we, that if left to ourselves, we shall
forsake our own mercies for lying vanities. God having given
David counsel by his word and Spirit, his own thoughts taught
him in the night season, and engaged him by faith to live to
God.
 Verses #8-11|, are quoted by St. Peter in his first sermon,
after the pouring out of the Spirit on the day of Pentecost, #Ac
2:25-31|; he declared that David in them speaks concerning
Christ, and particularly of his resurrection. And Christ being
the Head of the body, the church, these verses may be applied to
all Christians, guided and animated by the Spirit of Christ; and
we may hence learn, that it is our wisdom and duty to set the
Lord always before us. And if our eyes are ever toward God, our
hearts and tongues may ever rejoice in him. Death destroys the
hope of man, but not the hope of a real Christian. Christ's
resurrection is an earnest of the believer's resurrection. In
this world sorrow is our lot, but in heaven there is joy, a
fulness of joy; our pleasures here are for a moment, but those
at God's right hand are pleasures for evermore. Through this thy
beloved Son, and our dear Saviour, thou wilt show us, O Lord,
the path of life; thou wilt justify our souls now, and raise our
bodies by thy power at the last day; when earthly sorrow shall
end in heavenly joy, pain in everlasting happiness.
$-$-$- PS:17

* David's integrity. (1-7) The character of his enemies. His
hope of happiness. (8-15)

#1-7 This psalm is a prayer. Feigned prayers are fruitless; but
if our hearts lead our prayers, God will meet them with his
favour. The psalmist had been used to pray, so that it was not
his distress and danger that now first brought him to his duty.
And he was encouraged by his faith to expect God would notice
his prayers. Constant resolution and watchfulness against sins
of the tongue, will be a good evidence of our integrity. Aware
of man's propensity to wicked works, and of his own peculiar
temptations, David had made God's word his preservative from the
paths of Satan, which lead to destruction. If we carefully avoid
the paths of sin, it will be very lead to destruction. If we
carefully avoid the paths of sin, it will be very comfortable in
the reflection, when we are in trouble. Those that are, through
grace, going in God's paths, should pray that their goings may
be held up in those paths. David prays, Lord, still hold me up.
Those who would proceed and persevere in the ways of God, must,
by faith prayer, get daily fresh supplies of grace and strength
from him. Show thy marvellous loving-kindness, distinguishing
favours, not common mercies, but be gracious to me; do as thou
usest to do to those who love thy name.

#8-15 Being compassed with enemies, David prays to God to keep
him in safety. This prayer is a prediction that Christ would be
preserved, through all the hardships and difficulties of his
humiliation, to the glories and joys of his exalted state, and
is a pattern to Christians to commit the keeping of their souls
to God, trusting him to preserve them to his heavenly kingdom.
Those are our worst enemies, that are enemies to our souls. They
are God's sword, which cannot move without him, and which he
will sheathe when he has done his work with it. They are his
hand, by which he chastises his people. There is no fleeing from
God's hand, but by fleeing to it. It is very comfortable, when
we are in fear of the power of man, to see it dependent upon,
and in subjection to the power of God. Most men look on the
things of this world as the best things; and they look no
further, nor show any care to provide for another life. The
things of this world are called treasures, they are so
accounted; but to the soul, and when compared with eternal
blessings, they are trash. The most afflicted Christian need not
envy the most prosperous men of the world, who have their
portion in this life. Clothed with Christ's righteousness,
having through his grace a good heart and a good life, may we by
faith behold God's face, and set him always before us. When we
awake every morning, may we be satisfied with his likeness set
before us in his word, and with his likeness stamped upon us by
his renewing grace. Happiness in the other world is prepared
only for those that are justified and sanctified: they shall be
put in possession of it when the soul awakes, at death, out of
its slumber in the body, and when the body awakes, at the
resurrection, out of its slumber in the grave. There is no
satisfaction for a soul but in God, and in his good will towards
us, and his good work in us; yet that satisfaction will not be
perfect till we come to heaven.
$-$-$- PS:18

* David rejoices in the deliverances God wrought for him. (1-19)
He takes the comfort of his integrity, which God had cleared up.
(20-28) He gives to God the glory of all his mighty deeds.
(29-50)

#1-19 The first words, "I will love thee, O Lord, my strength,"
are the scope and contents of the psalm. Those that truly love
God, may triumph in him as their Rock and Refuge, and may with
confidence call upon him. It is good for us to observe all the
circumstances of a mercy which magnify the power of God and his
goodness to us in it. David was a praying man, and God was found
a prayer-hearing God. If we pray as he did, we shall speed as he
did. God's manifestation of his presence is very fully
described, ver. #7-15|. Little appeared of man, but much of God,
in these deliverances. It is not possible to apply to the
history of the son of Jesse those awful, majestic, and
stupendous words which are used through this description of the
Divine manifestation. Every part of so solemn a scene of terrors
tells us, a greater than David is here. God will not only
deliver his people out of their troubles in due time, but he
will bear them up under their troubles in the mean time. Can we
meditate on ver. 18, without directing one thought to Gethsemane
and Calvary? Can we forget that it was in the hour of Christ's
deepest calamity, when Judas betrayed, when his friends forsook,
when the multitude derided him, and the smiles of his Father's
love were withheld, that the powers of darkness prevented him?
The sorrows of death surrounded him, in his distress he prayed,
#Heb 5:7|. God made the earth to shake and tremble, and the
rocks to cleave, and brought him out, in his resurrection,
because he delighted in him and in his undertaking.

#20-28 Those that forsake the ways of the Lord, depart from
their God. But though conscious to ourselves of many a false
step, let there not be a wicked departure from our God. David
kept his eye upon the rule of God's commands. Constant care to
keep from that sin, whatever it be, which most easily besets us,
proves that we are upright before God. Those who show mercy to
others, even they need mercy. Those who are faithful to God,
shall find him all that to them which he has promised to be. The
words of the Lord are pure words, very sure to be depended on,
and very sweet to be delighted in. Those who resist God, and
walk contrary to him, shall find that he will walk contrary to
them, #Le 26:21-24|. The gracious recompence of which David
spoke, may generally be expected by those who act from right
motives. Hence he speaks comfort to the humble, and terror to
the proud; "Thou wilt bring down high looks." And he speaks
encouragement to himself; "Thou wilt light my candle:" thou wilt
revive and comfort my sorrowful spirit; thou wilt guide my way,
that I may avoid the snares laid for me. Thou wilt light my
candle to work by, and give me an opportunity of serving thee.
Let those that walk in darkness, and labour under
discouragements, take courage; God himself will be a Light to
them.

#29-50 When we praise for one mercy, we must observe the many
more, with which we have been compassed all our days. Many
things had contributed to David's advancement, and he owns the
hand of God in them all, to teach us to do likewise. In verse
#32|, and the following verses, are the gifts of God to the
spiritual warrior, whereby he is prepared for the contest, after
the example of his victorious Leader. Learn that we must seek
release being made through Christ, shall be rejected. In David
the type, we behold out of trouble through Christ. The prayer
put up, without reconciliation Jesus our Redeemer, conflicting
with enemies, compassed with sorrows and with floods of ungodly
men, enduring not only the pains of death, but the wrath of God
for us; yet calling upon the Father with strong cries and tears;
rescued from the grave; proceeding to reconcile, or to put under
his feet all other enemies, till death, the last enemy, shall be
destroyed. We should love the Lord, our Strength, and our
Salvation; we should call on him in every trouble, and praise
him for every deliverance; we should aim to walk with him in all
righteousness and true holiness, keeping from sin. If we belong
to him, he conquers and reigns for us, and we shall conquer and
reign through him, and partake of the mercy of our anointed
King, which is promised to all his seed for evermore. Amen.
$-$-$- PS:19

* The glory of God's works. (1-6) His holiness and grace as
shown in his word. (7-10) Prayer for the benefit of them.
(11-14)

#1-6 The heavens so declare the glory of God, and proclaim his
wisdom, power, and goodness, that all ungodly men are left
without excuse. They speak themselves to be works of God's
hands; for they must have a Creator who is eternal, infinitely
wise, powerful, and good. The counter-changing of day and night
is a great proof of the power of God, and calls us to observe,
that, as in the kingdom of nature, so in that of providence, he
forms the light, and creates the darkness, #Isa 45:7|, and sets
the one against the other. The sun in the firmament is an emblem
of the Sun of righteousness, the Bridegroom of the church, and
the Light of the world, diffusing Divine light and salvation by
his gospel to the nations of the earth. He delights to bless his
church, which he has espoused to himself; and his course will be
unwearied as that of the sun, till the whole earth is filled
with his light and salvation. Let us pray for the time when he
shall enlighten, cheer, and make fruitful every nation on earth,
with the blessed salvation. They have no speech or language, so
some read it, and yet their voice is heard. All people may hear
these preachers speak in their own tongue the wonderful works of
God. Let us give God the glory of all the comfort and benefit we
have by the lights of heaven, still looking above and beyond
them to the Sun of righteousness.

#7-10 The Holy Scripture is of much greater benefit to us than
day or night, than the air we breathe, or the light of the sun.
To recover man out of his fallen state, there is need of the
word of God. The word translated "law," may be rendered
doctrine, and be understood as meaning all that teaches us true
religion. The whole is perfect; its tendency is to convert or
turn the soul from sin and the world, to God and holiness. It
shows our sinfulness and misery in departing from God, and the
necessity of our return to him. This testimony is sure, to be
fully depended on: the ignorant and unlearned believing what God
saith, become wise unto salvation. It is a sure direction in the
way of duty. It is a sure fountain of living comforts, and a
sure foundation of lasting hopes. The statues of the Lord are
right, just as they should be; and, because they are right, they
rejoice the heart. The commandments of the Lord are pure, holy,
just, and good. By them we discover our need of a Saviour; and
then learn how to adorn his gospel. They are the means which the
Holy Spirit uses in enlightening the eyes; they bring us to a
sight and sense of our sin and misery, and direct us in the way
of duty. The fear of the Lord, that is, true religion and
godliness, is clean, it will cleanse our way; and it endureth
for ever. The ceremonial law is long since done away, but the
law concerning the fear of God is ever the same. The judgments
of the Lord, his precepts, are true; they are righteous, and
they are so altogether; there is no unrighteousness in any of
them. Gold is only for the body, and the concerns of time; but
grace is for the soul, and the concerns of eternity. The word of
God, received by faith, is more precious than gold; it is sweet
to the soul, sweeter than honey. The pleasure of sense soon
surfeit, yet never satisfy; but those of religion are
substantial and satisfying; there is no danger of excess.

#11-14 God's word warns the wicked not to go on in his wicked
way, and warns the righteous not to turn from his good way.
There is a reward, not only after keeping, but in keeping God's
commandments. Religion makes our comforts sweet, and our crosses
easy, life truly valuable, and death itself truly desirable.
David not only desired to be pardoned and cleansed from the sins
he had discovered and confessed, but from those he had forgotten
or overlooked. All discoveries of sin made to us by the law,
should drive us to the throne of grace, there to pray. His
dependence was the same with that of every Christian who says,
Surely in the Lord Jesus have I righteousness and strength. No
prayer can be acceptable before God which is not offered in the
strength of our Redeemer or Divine Kinsman, through Him who took
our nature upon him, that he might redeem us unto God, and
restore the long-lost inheritance. May our hearts be much
affected with the excellence of the word of God; and much
affected with the evil of sin, and the danger we are in of it,
and the danger we are in by it.
$-$-$- PS:20

* This psalm is a prayer for the kings of Israel, but with
relation to Christ.

- Even the greatest of men may be much in trouble. Neither the
crown on the king's head, nor the grace in his heart, would make
him free from trouble. Even the greatest of men must be much in
prayer. Let none expect benefit by the prayers of the church, or
their friends, who are capable of praying for themselves, yet
neglect it. Pray that God would protect his person, and preserve
his life. That God would enable him to go on in his undertakings
for the public good. We may know that God accepts our spiritual
sacrifices, if by his Spirit he kindles in our souls a holy fire
of piety and love to God. Also, that the Lord would crown his
enterprises with success. Our first step to victory in spiritual
warfare is to trust only in the mercy and grace of God; all who
trust in themselves will soon be cast down. Believers triumph in
God, and his revelation of himself to them, by which they
distinguish themselves from those that live without God in the
world. Those who make God and his name their praise, may make
God and his name their trust. This was the case when the pride
and power of Jewish unbelief, and pagan idolatry, fell before
the sermons and lives of the humble believers in Jesus. This is
the case in every conflict with our spiritual enemies, when we
engage them in the name, the spirit, and the power of Christ;
and this will be the case at the last day, when the world, with
the prince of it, shall be brought down and fall; but believers,
risen-from the dead, through the resurrection of the Lord, shall
stand, and sing his praises in heaven. In Christ's salvation let
us rejoice; and set up our banners in the name of the Lord our
God, assured that by the saving strength of his right hand we
shall be conquerors over every enemy.
$-$-$- PS:21

* Thanksgiving for victory. (1-6) Confidence of further success.
(7-13)

#1-6 Happy the people whose king makes God's strength his
confidence, and God's salvation his joy; who is pleased with all
the advancements of God kingdom, and trusts God to support him
in all he does for the service of it. All our blessings are
blessings of goodness, and are owing, not to any merit of ours,
but only to God's goodness. But when God's blessings come
sooner, and prove richer than we imagine; when they are given
before we prayed for them, before we were ready for them, nay,
when we feared the contrary; then it may be truly said that he
prevented, or went before us, with them. Nothing indeed
prevented, or went before Christ, but to mankind never was any
favour more preventing than our redemption by Christ. Thou hast
made him to be a universal, everlasting blessing to the world,
in whom the families of the earth are, and shall be blessed; and
so thou hast made him exceeding glad with the countenance thou
hast given to his undertaking, and to him in the prosecution of
it. The Spirit of prophecy rises from what related to the king,
to that which is peculiar to Christ; none other is blessed for
ever, much less a blessing for ever.

#7-13 The psalmist teaches to look forward with faith, and hope,
and prayer upon what God would further do. The success with
which God blessed David, was a type of the total overthrow of
all Christ's enemies. Those who might have had Christ to rule
and save them, but rejected him and fought against him, shall
find the remembrance of it a worm that dies not. God makes
sinners willing by his grace, receives them to his favour, and
delivers them from the wrath to come. May he exalt himself, by
his all-powerful grace, in our hearts, destroying all the
strong-holds of sin and Satan. How great should be our joy and
praise to behold our Brother and Friend upon the throne, and for
all the blessings we may expect from him! yet he delights in his
exalted state, as enabling him to confer happiness and glory on
poor sinners, who are taught to love and trust in him.
$-$-$- PS:22

* Complaints of discouragement. (1-10) With prayer for
deliverance. (11-21) Praises for mercies and redemption. (22-31)

#1-10 The Spirit of Christ, which was in the prophets, testifies
in this psalm, clearly and fully, the sufferings of Christ, and
the glory that should follow. We have a sorrowful complaint of
God's withdrawings. This may be applied to any child of God,
pressed down, overwhelmed with grief and terror. Spiritual
desertions are the saints' sorest afflictions; but even their
complaint of these burdens is a sign of spiritual life, and
spiritual senses exercised. To cry our, My God, why am I sick?
why am I poor? savours of discontent and worldliness. But, "Why
hast thou forsaken me?" is the language of a heart binding up
its happiness in God's favour. This must be applied to Christ.
In the first words of this complaint, he poured out his soul
before God when he was upon the cross, #Mt 27:46|. Being truly
man, Christ felt a natural unwillingness to pass through such
great sorrows, yet his zeal and love prevailed. Christ declared
the holiness of God, his heavenly Father, in his sharpest
sufferings; nay, declared them to be a proof of it, for which he
would be continually praised by his Israel, more than for all
other deliverances they received. Never any that hoped in thee,
were made ashamed of their hope; never any that sought thee,
sought thee in vain. Here is a complaint of the contempt and
reproach of men. The Saviour here spoke of the abject state to
which he was reduced. The history of Christ's sufferings, and of
his birth, explains this prophecy.

#11-21 In these verses we have Christ suffering, and Christ
praying; by which we are directed to look for crosses, and to
look up to God under them. The very manner of Christ's death is
described, though not in use among the Jews. They pierced his
hands and his feet, which were nailed to the accursed tree, and
his whole body was left so to hang as to suffer the most severe
pain and torture. His natural force failed, being wasted by the
fire of Divine wrath preying upon his spirits. Who then can
stand before God's anger? or who knows the power of it? The life
of the sinner was forfeited, and the life of the Sacrifice must
be the ransom for it. Our Lord Jesus was stripped, when he was
crucified, that he might clothe us with the robe of his
righteousness. Thus it was written, therefore thus it behoved
Christ to suffer. Let all this confirm our faith in him as the
true Messiah, and excite our love to him as the best of friends,
who loved us, and suffered all this for us. Christ in his agony
prayed, prayed earnestly, prayed that the cup might pass from
him. When we cannot rejoice in God as our song, yet let us stay
ourselves upon him as our strength; and take the comfort of
spiritual supports, when we cannot have spiritual delights. He
prays to be delivered from the Divine wrath. He that has
delivered, doth deliver, and will do so. We should think upon
the sufferings and resurrection of Christ, till we feel in our
souls the power of his resurrection, and the fellowship of his
sufferings.

#22-31 The Saviour now speaks as risen from the dead. The first
words of the complaint were used by Christ himself upon the
cross; the first words of the triumph are expressly applied to
him, #Heb 2:12|. All our praises must refer to the work of
redemption. The suffering of the Redeemer was graciously
accepted as a full satisfaction for sin. Though it was offered
for sinful men, the Father did not despise or abhor it for our
sakes. This ought to be the matter of our thanksgiving. All
humble, gracious souls should have a full satisfaction and
happiness in him. Those that hunger and thirst after
righteousness in Christ, shall not labour for that which
satisfies not. Those that are much in praying, will be much in
thanksgiving. Those that turn to God, will make conscience of
worshipping before him. Let every tongue confess that he is
Lord. High and low, rich and poor, bond and free, meet in
Christ. Seeing we cannot keep alive our own souls, it is our
wisdom, by obedient faith, to commit our souls to Christ, who is
able to save and keep them alive for ever. A seed shall serve
him. God will have a church in the world to the end of time.
They shall be accounted to him for a generation; he will be the
same to them that he was to those who went before them. His
righteousness, and not any of their own, they shall declare to
be the foundation of all their hopes, and the fountain of all
their joys. Redemption by Christ is the Lord's own doing. Here
we see the free love and compassion of God the Father, and of
our Lord Jesus Christ, for us wretched sinners, as the source of
all grace and consolation; the example we are to follow, the
treatment as Christians we are to expect, and the conduct under
it we are to adopt. Every lesson may here be learned that can
profit the humbled soul. Let those who go about to establish
their own righteousness inquire, why the beloved Son of God
should thus suffer, if their own doings could atone for sin? Let
the ungodly professor consider whether the Saviour thus honoured
the Divine law, to purchase him the privilege of despising it.
Let the careless take warning to flee from the wrath to come,
and the trembling rest their hopes upon this merciful Redeemer.
Let the tempted and distressed believer cheerfully expect a
happy end of every trial.
$-$-$- PS:23

* Confidence in God's grace and care.

- "The Lord is my shepherd." In these words, the believer is
taught to express his satisfaction in the care of the great
Pastor of the universe, the Redeemer and Preserver of men. With
joy he reflects that he has a shepherd, and that shepherd is
Jehovah. A flock of sheep, gentle and harmless, feeding in
verdant pastures, under the care of a skilful, watchful, and
tender shepherd, forms an emblem of believers brought back to
the Shepherd of their souls. The greatest abundance is but a dry
pasture to a wicked man, who relishes in it only what pleases
the senses; but to a godly man, who by faith tastes the goodness
of God in all his enjoyments, though he has but little of the
world, it is a green pasture. The Lord gives quiet and
contentment in the mind, whatever the lot is. Are we blessed
with the green pastures of the ordinances, let us not think it
enough to pass through them, but let us abide in them. The
consolations of the Holy Spirit are the still waters by which
the saints are led; the streams which flow from the Fountain of
living waters. Those only are led by the still waters of
comfort, who walk in the paths of righteousness. The way of duty
is the truly pleasant way. The work of righteousness in peace.
In these paths we cannot walk, unless. God lead us into them,
and lead us on in them. Discontent and distrust proceed from
unbelief; an unsteady walk is the consequence: let us then
simply trust our Shepherd's care, and hearken to his voice. The
valley of the shadow of death may denote the most severe and
terrible affliction, or dark dispensation of providence, that
the psalmist ever could come under. Between the part of the
flock on earth and that which is gone to heaven, death lies like
a dark valley that must be passed in going from one to the
other. But even in this there are words which lessen the terror.
It is but the shadow of death: the shadow of a serpent will not
sting, nor the shadow of a sword kill. It is a valley, deep
indeed, and dark, and miry; but valleys are often fruitful, and
so is death itself fruitful of comforts to God's people. It is a
walk through it: they shall not be lost in this valley, but get
safe to the mountain on the other side. Death is a king of
terrors, but not to the sheep of Christ. When they come to die,
God will rebuke the enemy; he will guide them with his rod, and
sustain them with his staff. There is enough in the gospel to
comfort the saints when dying, and underneath them are the
everlasting arms. The Lord's people feast at his table, upon the
provisions of his love. Satan and wicked men are not able to
destroy their comforts, while they are anointed with the Holy
Spirit, and drink of the cup of salvation which is ever full.
Past experience teaches believers to trust that the goodness and
mercy of God will follow them all the days of their lives, and
it is their desire and determination, to seek their happiness in
the service of God here, and they hope to enjoy his love for
ever in heaven. While here, the Lord can make any situation
pleasant, by the anointing of his Spirit and the joys of his
salvation. But those that would be satisfied with the blessings
of his house, must keep close to the duties of it.
$-$-$- PS:24

* Concerning the kingdom of Christ, and the subjects of that
kingdom. (1-6) Concerning the King of that kingdom. (7-10)

#1-6 We ourselves are not our own; our bodies, our souls, are
not. Even those of the children of men are God's, who know him
not, nor own their relation to him. A soul that knows and
considers its own nature, and that it must live for ever, when
it has viewed the earth and the fulness thereof, will sit down
unsatisfied. It will think of ascending toward God, and will
ask, What shall I do, that I may abide in that happy, holy
place, where he makes his people holy and happy? We make nothing
of religion, if we do not make heart-work of it. We can only be
cleansed from our sins, and renewed unto holiness, by the blood
of Christ and the washing of the Holy Ghost. Thus we become his
people; thus we receive blessing from the Lord, and
righteousness from the God of our salvation. God's peculiar
people shall be made truly and for ever happy. Where God gives
righteousness, he designs salvation. Those that are made meet
for heaven, shall be brought safe to heaven, and will find what
they have been seeking.

#7-10 The splendid entry here described, refers to the solemn
bringing in of the ark into the tent David pitched for it, or
the temple Solomon built for it. We may also apply it to the
ascension of Christ into heaven, and the welcome given to him
there. Our Redeemer found the gates of heaven shut, but having
by his blood made atonement for sin, as one having authority, he
demanded entrance. The angels were to worship him, #Heb 1:6|:
they ask with wonder, Who is he? It is answered, that he is
strong and mighty; mighty in battle to save his people, and to
subdue his and their enemies. We may apply it to Christ's
entrance into the souls of men by his word and Spirit, that they
may be his temples. Behold, he stands at the door, and knocks,
#Rev 3:20|. The gates and doors of the heart are to be opened to
him, as possession is delivered to the rightful owner. We may
apply it to his second coming with glorious power. Lord, open
the everlasting door of our souls by thy grace, that we may now
receive thee, and be wholly thine; and that, at length, we may
be numbered with thy saints in glory.
$-$-$- PS:25

* Confidence in prayer. (1-7) Prayer for remission of sins.
(8-14) For help in affliction. (15-22)

#1-7 In worshipping God, we must lift up our souls to him. It is
certain that none who, by a believing attendance, wait on God,
and, by a believing hope, wait for him, shall be ashamed of it.
The most advanced believer both needs and desires to be taught
of God. If we sincerely desire to know our duty, with resolution
to do it, we may be sure that God will direct us in it. The
psalmist is earnest for the pardon of his sins. When God pardons
sin, he is said to remember it no more, which denotes full
remission. It is God's goodness, and not ours, his mercy, and
not our merit, that must be our plea for the pardon of sin, and
all the good we need. This plea we must rely upon, feeling our
own unworthiness, and satisfied of the riches of God's mercy and
grace. How boundless is that mercy which covers for ever the
sins and follies of a youth spent without God and without hope!
Blessed be the Lord, the blood of the great Sacrifice can wash
away every stain.

#8-14 We are all sinners; and Christ came into the world to save
sinners, to teach sinners, to call sinners to repentance. We
value a promise by the character of him that makes it; we
therefore depend upon God's promises. All the paths of the Lord,
that is, all his promises and all his providences, are mercy and
truth. In all God's dealings his people may see his mercy
displayed, and his word fulfilled, whatever afflictions they are
now exercised with. All the paths of the Lord are mercy and
truth; and so it will appear when they come to their journey's
end. Those that are humble, that distrust themselves, and desire
to be taught and to follow Divine guidance, these he will guide
in judgment, that is, by the rule of the written word, to find
rest for their souls in the Saviour. Even when the body is sick,
and in pain, the soul may be at ease in God.

#15-22 The psalmist concludes, as he began, with expressing
dependence upon God, and desire toward him. It is good thus to
hope, and quietly to wait for the salvation of the Lord. And if
God turns to us, no matter who turns from us. He pleads his own
integrity. Though guilty before God, yet, as to his enemies, he
had the testimony of conscience that he had done them no wrong.
God would, at length, give Israel rest from all their enemies
round about. In heaven, God's Israel will be perfectly redeemed
from all troubles. Blessed Saviour, thou hast graciously taught
us that without thee we can do nothing. Do thou teach us how to
pray, how to appear before thee in the way which thou shalt
choose, and how to lift up our whole hearts and desires after
thee, for thou art the Lord our righteousness.
$-$-$- PS:26

* David, in this psalm, appeals to God touching his integrity.

- David here, by the Spirit of prophecy, speaks of himself as a
type of Christ, of whom what he here says of his spotless
innocence was fully and eminently true, and of Christ only, and
to Him we may apply it. We are complete in him. The man that
walks in his integrity, yet trusting wholly in the grace of God,
is in a state of acceptance, according to the covenant of which
Jesus was the Mediator, in virtue of his spotless obedience even
unto death. This man desires to have his inmost soul searched
and proved by the Lord. He is aware of the deceitfulness of his
own heart; he desires to detect and mortify every sin; and he
longs to be satisfied of his being a true believer, and to
practise the holy commands of God. Great care to avoid bad
company, is both a good evidence of our integrity, and a good
means to keep us in it. Hypocrites and dissemblers may be found
attending on God's ordinances; but it is a good sign of
sincerity, if we attend upon them, as the psalmist here tells us
he did, in the exercise of repentance and conscientious
obedience. He feels his ground firm under him; and, as he
delights in blessing the Lord with his congregations on earth,
he trusts that shortly he shall join the great assembly in
heaven, in singing praises to God and to the Lamb for evermore.
$-$-$- PS:27

* The psalmist's faith. (1-6) His desire toward God, and
expectation from him. (7-14)

#1-6 The Lord, who is the believer's light, is the strength of
his life; not only by whom, but in whom he lives and moves. In
God let us strengthen ourselves. The gracious presence of God,
his power, his promise, his readiness to hear prayer, the
witness of his Spirit in the hearts of his people; these are the
secret of his tabernacle, and in these the saints find cause for
that holy security and peace of mind in which they dwell at
ease. The psalmist prays for constant communion with God in holy
ordinances. All God's children desire to dwell in their Father's
house. Not to sojourn there as a wayfaring man, to tarry but for
a night; or to dwell there for a time only, as the servant that
abides not in the house for ever; but to dwell there all the
days of their life, as children with a father. Do we hope that
the praising of God will be the blessedness of our eternity?
Surely then we ought to make it the business of our time. This
he had at heart more than any thing. Whatever the Christian is
as to this life, he considers the favour and service of God as
the one thing needful. This he desires, prays for and seeks
after, and in it he rejoices.

#7-14 Wherever the believer is, he can find a way to the throne
of grace by prayer. God calls us by his Spirit, by his word, by
his worship, and by special providences, merciful and
afflicting. When we are foolishly making court to lying
vanities, God is, in love to us, calling us to seek our own
mercies in him. The call is general, "Seek ye my face;" but we
must apply it to ourselves, "I will seek it." The word does us
no good, when we do not ourselves accept the exhortation: a
gracious heart readily answers to the call of a gracious God,
being made willing in the day of his power. The psalmist
requests the favour of the Lord; the continuance of his presence
with him; the benefit of Divine guidance, and the benefit of
Divine protection. God's time to help those that trust in him,
is, when all other helpers fail. He is a surer and better Friend
than earthly parents are, or can be. What was the belief which
supported the psalmist? That he should see the goodness of the
Lord. There is nothing like the believing hope of eternal life,
the foresights of that glory, and foretastes of those pleasures,
to keep us from fainting under all calamities. In the mean time
he should be strengthened to bear up under his burdens. Let us
look unto the suffering Saviour, and pray in faith, not to be
delivered into the hands of our enemies. Let us encourage each
other to wait on the Lord, with patient expectation, and fervent
prayer.
$-$-$- PS:28

* A prayer in distress. (1-5) Thanksgiving for deliverance.
(6-9)

#1-5 David is very earnest in prayer. Observe his faith in
prayer; God is my rock, on whom I build my hope. Believers
should not rest till they have received some token that their
prayers are heard. He prays that he may not be numbered with the
wicked. Save me from being entangled in the snares they have
laid for me. Save me from being infected with their sins, and
from doing as they do. Lord, never leave me to use such arts of
deceit and treachery for my safety, as they use for my ruin.
Believers dread the way of sinners; the best are sensible of the
danger they are in of being drawn aside: we should all pray
earnestly to God for his grace to keep us. Those who are careful
not to partake with sinners in their sins, have reason to hope
that they shall not receive their plagues. He speaks of the just
judgments of the Lord on the workers of iniquity, ver. #4|. This
is not the language of passion or revenge. It is a prophecy that
there will certainly come a day, when God will punish every man
who persists in his evil deeds. Sinners shall be reckoned with,
not only for the mischief they have done, but for the mischief
they designed, and did what they could to effect. Disregard of
the works of the Lord, is the cause of the sin of sinners, and
becomes the cause of their ruin.

#6-9 Has God heard our supplications? Let us then bless his
name. The Lord is my strength, to support me, and carry me on
through all my services and sufferings. The heart that truly
believes, shall in due time greatly rejoice: we are to expect
joy and peace in believing. God shall have the praise of it:
thus must we express our gratitude. The saints rejoice in
others' comfort as well as their own: we have the less benefit
from the light of the sun, nor from the light of God's
countenance, for others' sharing therein. The psalmist concludes
with a short, but comprehensive prayer. God's people are his
inheritance, and precious in his eyes. He prays that God would
save them; that he would bless them with all good, especially
the plenty of his ordinances, which are food to the soul. And
direct their actions and overrule their affairs for good. Also,
lift them up for ever; not only those of that age, but his
people in every age to come; lift them up as high as heaven.
There, and there only, will saints be lifted up for ever, never
more to sink, or be depressed. Save us, Lord Jesus, from our
sins; bless us, thou Son of Abraham, with the blessing of
righteousness; feed us, thou good Shepherd of the sheep, and
lift us up for ever from the dust, O thou, who art the
Resurrection and the Life.
$-$-$- PS:29

* Exhortation to give glory to God.

- The mighty and honourable of the earth are especially bound to
honour and worship him; but, alas, few attempt to worship him in
the beauty of holiness. When we come before him as the Redeemer
of sinners, in repentance faith, and love, he will accept our
defective services, pardon the sin that cleaves to them, and
approve of that measure of holiness which the Holy Spirit
enables us to exercise. We have here the nature of religious
worship; it is giving to the Lord the glory due to his name. We
must be holy in all our religious services, devoted to God, and
to his will and glory. There is a beauty in holiness, and that
puts beauty upon all acts of worship. The psalmist here sets
forth God's dominion in the kingdom of nature. In the thunder,
and lightning, and storm, we may see and hear his glory. Let our
hearts be thereby filled with great, and high, and honourable
thoughts of God, in the holy adoring of whom, the power of
godliness so much consists. O Lord our God, thou art very great!
The power of the lightning equals the terror of the thunder. The
fear caused by these effects of the Divine power, should remind
us of the mighty power of God, of man's weakness, and of the
defenceless and desperate condition of the wicked in the day of
judgment. But the effects of the Divine word upon the souls of
men, under the power of the Holy Spirit, are far greater than
those of thunder storms in the nature world. Thereby the
stoutest are made to tremble, the proudest are cast down, the
secrets of the heart are brought to light, sinners are
converted, the savage, sensual, and unclean, become harmless,
gentle, and pure. If we have heard God's voice, and have fled
for refuge to the hope set before us, let us remember that
children need not fear their Father's voice, when he speaks in
anger to his enemies. While those tremble who are without
shelter, let those who abide in his appointed refuge bless him
for their security, looking forward to the day of judgment
without dismay, safe as Noah in the ark.
$-$-$- PS:30

* Praise to God for deliverance. (1-5) Others encouraged by his
example. (6-12)

#1-5. The great things the Lord has done for us, both by his
providence and by his grace, bind us in gratitude to do all we
can to advance his kingdom among men, though the most we can do
is but little. God's saints in heaven sing to him; why should
not those on earth do the same? Not one of all God's perfections
carries in it more terror to the wicked, or more comfort to the
godly, than his holiness. It is a good sign that we are in some
measure partakers of his holiness, if we can heartily rejoice at
the remembrance of it. Our happiness is bound up in the Divine
favour; if we have that, we have enough, whatever else we want;
but as long as God's anger continues, so long the saints'
weeping continues.

#6-12 When things are well with us, we are very apt to think
that they will always be so. When we see our mistake, it becomes
us to think with shame upon our carnal security as our folly. If
God hide his face, a good man is troubled, though no other
calamity befal him. But if God, in wisdom and justice, turn from
us, it will be the greatest folly if we turn from him. No; let
us learn to pray in the dark. The sanctified spirit, which
returns to God, shall praise him, shall be still praising him;
but the services of God's house cannot be performed by the dust;
it cannot praise him; there is none of that device or working in
the grave, for it is the land of silence. We ask aright for
life, when we do so that we may live to praise him. In due time
God delivered the psalmist out of his troubles. Our tongue is
our glory, and never more so than when employed in praising God.
He would persevere to the end in praise, hoping that he should
shortly be where this would be the everlasting work. But let all
beware of carnal security. Neither outward prosperity, nor
inward peace, here, are sure and lasting. The Lord, in his
favour, has fixed the believer's safety firm as the deep-rooted
mountains, but he must expect to meet with temptations and
afflictions. When we grow careless, we fall into sin, the Lord
hides his face, our comforts droop, and troubles assail us.
$-$-$- PS:31

* Confidence in God. (1-8) Prayer in trouble. (9-18) Praise for
God's goodness. (19-24)

#1-8 Faith and prayer must go together, for the prayer of faith
is the prevailing prayer. David gave up his soul in a special
manner to God. And with the words, ver. 5, our Lord Jesus
yielded up his last breath on the cross, and made his soul a
free-will offering for sin, laying down his life as a ransom.
But David is here as a man in distress and trouble. And his
great care is about his soul, his spirit, his better part. Many
think that while perplexed about their worldly affairs, and
their cares multiply, they may be excused if they neglect their
souls; but we are the more concerned to look to our souls, that,
though the outward man perish, the inward man may suffer no
damage. The redemption of the soul is so precious, that it must
have ceased for ever, if Christ had not undertaken it. Having
relied on God's mercy, he will be glad and rejoice in it. God
looks upon our souls, when we are in trouble, to see whether
they are humbled for sin, and made better by the affliction.
Every believer will meet with such dangers and deliverances,
until he is delivered from death, his last enemy.

#9-18 David's troubles made him a man of sorrows. Herein he was
a type of Christ, who was acquainted with grief. David
acknowledged that his afflictions were merited by his own sins,
but Christ suffered for ours. David's friends durst not give him
any assistance. Let us not think it strange if thus deserted,
but make sure of a Friend in heaven who will not fail. God will
be sure to order and dispose all for the best, to all those who
commit their spirits also into his hand. The time of life is in
God's hands, to lengthen or shorten, make bitter or sweet,
according to the counsel of his will. The way of man is not in
himself, nor in our friend's hands, nor in our enemies' hands,
but in God's. In this faith and confidence he prays that the
Lord would save him for his mercies's sake, and not for any
merit of his own. He prophesies the silencing of those that
reproach and speak evil of the people of God. There is a day
coming, when the Lord will execute judgment upon them. In the
mean time, we should engage ourselves by well-doing, if
possible, to silence the ignorance of foolish men.

#19-24 Instead of yielding to impatience or despondency under
our troubles, we should turn our thoughts to the goodness of the
Lord towards those who fear and trust in Him. All comes to
sinners through the wondrous gift of the only-begotten Son of
God, to be the atonement for their sins. Let not any yield to
unbelief, or think, under discouraging circumstances, that they
are cut off from before the eyes of the Lord, and left to the
pride of men. Lord, pardon our complaints and fears; increase
our faith, patience, love, and gratitude; teach us to rejoice in
tribulation and in hope. The deliverance of Christ, with the
destruction of his enemies, ought to strengthen and comfort the
hearts of believers under all their afflictions here below, that
having suffered courageously with their Master, they may
triumphantly enter into his joy and glory.
$-$-$- PS:32

* The happiness of a pardoned sinner. (1,2) The misery that went
before, and the comfort that followed the confession of sins.
(3-7) Sinners instructed, believers encouraged. (8-11)

#1,2 Sin is the cause of our misery; but the true believer's
transgressions of the Divine law are all forgiven, being covered
with the atonement. Christ bare his sins, therefore they are not
imputed to him. The righteousness of Christ being reckoned to
us, and we being made the righteousness of God in him, our
iniquity is not imputed, God having laid upon him the iniquity
of us all, and made him a sin-offering for us. Not to impute
sin, is God's act, for he is the Judge. It is God that
justifies. Notice the character of him whose sins are pardoned;
he is sincere, and seeks sanctification by the power of the Holy
Ghost. He does not profess to repent, with an intention to
indulge in sin, because the Lord is ready to forgive. He will
not abuse the doctrine of free grace. And to the man whose
iniquity is forgiven, all manner of blessings are promised.

#3-7 It is very difficult to bring sinful man humbly to accept
free mercy, with a full confession of his sins and
self-condemnation. But the true and only way to peace of
conscience, is, to confess our sins, that they may be forgiven;
to declare them that we may be justified. Although repentance
and confession do not merit the pardon of transgression, they
are needful to the real enjoyment of forgiving mercy. And what
tongue can tell the happiness of that hour, when the soul,
oppressed by sin, is enabled freely to pour forth its sorrows
before God, and to take hold of his covenanted mercy in Christ
Jesus! Those that would speed in prayer, must seek the Lord,
when, by his providence, he calls them to seek him, and, by his
Spirit, stirs them up to seek him. In a time of finding, when
the heart is softened with grief, and burdened with guilt; when
all human refuge fails; when no rest can be found to the
troubled mind, then it is that God applies the healing balm by
his Spirit.

#8-11 God teaches by his word, and guides with the secret
intimations of his will. David gives a word of caution to
sinners. The reason for this caution is, that the way of sin
will certainly end in sorrow. Here is a word of comfort to
saints. They may see that a life of communion with God is far
the most pleasant and comfortable. Let us rejoice, O Lord Jesus,
in thee, and in thy salvation; so shall we rejoice indeed.
$-$-$- PS:33

* God to be praised. (1-11) His people encouraged by his power.
(12-22)

#1-11 Holy joy is the heart and soul of praise, and that is here
pressed upon the righteous. Thankful praise is the breath and
language of holy joy. Religious songs are proper expressions of
thankful praise. Every endowment we possess, should be employed
with all our skill and earnestness in God's service. His
promises are all wise and good. His word is right, and therefore
we are only in the right when we agree with it. His works are
all done in truth. He is the righteous Lord, therefore loveth
righteousness. What a pity it is that this earth, which is so
full of the proofs and instances of God's goodness, should be so
empty of his praises; and that of the multitudes who live upon
his bounty, there are so few who live to his glory! What the
Lord does, he does to purpose; it stands fast. He overrules all
the counsels of men, and makes them serve his counsels; even
that is fulfilled, which to us is most surprising, the eternal
counsel of God, nor can any thing prevent its coming to pass.

#12-22 All the motions and operations of the souls of men, which
no mortals know but themselves, God knows better than they do.
Their hearts, as well as their times, are all in his hand; he
formed the spirit of each man within him. All the powers of the
creature depend upon him, and are of no account, of no avail at
all, without him. If we make God's favour sure towards us, then
we need not fear whatever is against us. We are to give to him
the glory of his special grace. All human devices for the
salvation of our souls are vain; but the Lord's watchful eye is
over those whose conscientious fear of his name proceeds from a
believing hope in his mercy. In difficulties they shall be
helped; in dangers they shall not receive any real damage. Those
that fear God and his wrath, must hope in God and his mercy; for
there is no flying from him, but by flying to him. Let thy
mercy, O Lord, be upon us; let us always have the comfort and
benefit, not according to our merits, but according to the
promise which thou hast in thy word given to us, and according
to the faith thou hast by thy Spirit and grace wrought in us.
$-$-$- PS:34

* David praises God, and encourages to trust him. (1-10) He
exhorts to fear. (11-22)

#1-10 If we hope to spend eternity in praising God, it is fit
that we should spend much of our time here in this work. He
never said to any one, Seek ye me in vain. David's prayers
helped to silence his fears; many besides him have looked unto
the Lord by faith and prayer, and it has wonderfully revived and
comforted them. When we look to the world, we are perplexed, and
at a loss. But on looking to Christ depends our whole salvation,
and all things needful thereunto do so also. This poor man, whom
no man looked upon with any respect, or looked after with any
concern, was yet welcome to the throne of grace; the Lord heard
him, and saved him out of all his troubles. The holy angels
minister to the saints, and stand for them against the powers of
darkness. All the glory be to the Lord of the angels. By taste
and sight we both make discoveries, and have enjoyment; Taste
and see God's goodness; take notice of it, and take the comfort
of it. He makes all truly blessed that trust in him. As to the
things of the other world, they shall have grace sufficient for
the support of spiritual life. And as to this life, they shall
have what is necessary from the hand of God. Paul had all, and
abounded, because he was content, #Php 4:11-18|. Those who trust
to themselves, and think their own efforts sufficient for them,
shall want; but they shall be fed who trust in the Lord. Those
shall not want, who with quietness work, and mind their own
business.

#11-22 Let young persons set out in life with learning the fear
of the Lord, if they desire true comfort here, and eternal
happiness hereafter. Those will be most happy who begin the
soonest to serve so good a Master. All aim to be happy. Surely
this must look further than the present world; for man's life on
earth consists but of few days, and those full of trouble. What
man is he that would see the good of that where all bliss is
perfect? Alas! few have this good in their thoughts. That
religion promises best which creates watchfulness over the heart
and over the tongue. It is not enough not to do hurt, we must
study to be useful, and to live to some purpose; we must seek
peace and pursue it; be willing to deny ourselves a great deal
for peace' sake. It is the constant practice of real believers,
when in distress, to cry unto God, and it is their constant
comfort that he hears them. The righteous are humbled for sin,
and are low in their own eyes. Nothing is more needful to true
godliness than a contrite heart, broken off from every
self-confidence. In this soil every grace will flourish, and
nothing can encourage such a one but the free, rich grace of the
gospel of Jesus Christ. The righteous are taken under the
special protection of the Lord, yet they have their share of
crosses in this world, and there are those that hate them. Both
from the mercy of Heaven, and the malice of hell, the
afflictions of the righteous must be many. But whatever troubles
befal them, shall not hurt their souls, for God keeps them from
sinning in troubles. No man is desolate, but he whom God has
forsaken.
$-$-$- PS:35

* David prays for safety. (1-10) He complains of his enemies.
(11-16) And calls upon God to support him. (17-28)

#1-10 It is no new thing for the most righteous men, and the
most righteous cause, to meet with enemies. This is a fruit of
the old enmity in the seed of the serpent against the Seed of
the woman. David in his afflictions, Christ in his sufferings,
the church under persecution, and the Christian in the hour
temptation, all beseech the Almighty to appear in their behalf,
and to vindicate their cause. We are apt to justify uneasiness
at the injuries men do us, by our never having given them cause
to use us so ill; but this should make us easy, for then we may
the more expect that God will plead our cause. David prayed to
God to manifest himself in his trial. Let me have inward comfort
under all outward troubles, to support my soul. If God, by his
Spirit, witness to our spirits that he is our salvation, we need
desire no more to make us happy. If God is our Friend, no matter
who is our enemy. By the Spirit of prophecy, David foretells the
just judgments of God that would come upon his enemies for their
great wickedness. These are predictions, they look forward, and
show the doom of the enemies of Christ and his kingdom. We must
not desire or pray for the ruin of any enemies, except our lusts
and the evil spirits that would compass our destruction. A
traveller benighted in a bad road, is an expressive emblem of a
sinner walking in the slippery and dangerous ways of temptation.
But David having committed his cause to God, did not doubt of
his own deliverance. The bones are the strongest parts of the
body. The psalmist here proposes to serve and glorify God with
all his strength. If such language may be applied to outward
salvation, how much more will it apply to heavenly things in
Christ Jesus!

#11-16 Call a man ungrateful, and you can call him no worse:
this was the character of David's enemies. Herein he was a type
of Christ. David shows how tenderly he had behaved towards them
in afflictions. We ought to mourn for the sins of those who do
not mourn for themselves. We shall not lose by the good offices
we do to any, how ungrateful soever they may be. Let us learn to
possess our souls in patience and meekness like David, or rather
after Christ's example.

#17-28 Though the people of God are, and study to be, quiet, yet
it has been common for their enemies to devise deceitful matters
against them. David prays, My soul is in danger, Lord, rescue
it; it belongs to thee the Father of spirits, therefore claim
thine own; it is thine, save it! Lord, be not far from me, as if
I were a stranger. He who exalted the once suffering Redeemer,
will appear for all his people: the roaring lion shall not
destroy their souls, any more than he could that of Christ,
their Surety. They trust their souls in his hands, they are one
with him by faith, are precious in his sight, and shall be
rescued from destruction, that they may give thanks in heaven.
$-$-$- PS:36

* The bad state of the wicked. (1-4) The goodness of God. (5-12)

#1-4 From this psalm our hearts should be duly affected with
hatred of sin, and seek satisfaction in God's loving-kindness.
Here is the root of bitterness, from which all the wickedness of
wicked men comes. It takes rise from contempt of God, and the
want of due regard to him. Also from the deceit they put upon
their own souls. Let us daily beg of God to preserve us from
self-flattery. Sin is very hurtful to the sinner himself, and
therefore ought to be hateful; but it is not so. It is no
marvel, if those that deceive themselves, seek to deceive all
mankind; to whom will they be true, who are false to their own
souls? It is bad to do mischief, but worse to devise it, to do
it with plot and management. If we willingly banish holy
meditations in our solitary hours, Satan will soon occupy our
minds with sinful imaginations. Hardened sinners stand to what
they have done, as though they could justify it before God
himself.

#5-12 Men may shut up their compassion, yet, with God we shall
find mercy. This is great comfort to all believers, plainly to
be seen, and not to be taken away. God does all wisely and well;
but what he does we know not now, it is time enough to know
hereafter. God's loving-kindness is precious to the saints. They
put themselves under his protection, and then are safe and easy.
Gracious souls, though still desiring more of God, never desire
more than God. The gifts of Providence so far satisfy them, that
they are content with such things as they have. The benefit of
holy ordinances is sweet to a sanctified soul, and strengthening
to the spiritual and Divine life. But full satisfaction is
reserved for the future state. Their joys shall be constant. God
not only works in them a gracious desire for these pleasures,
but by his Spirit fills their souls with joy and peace in
believing. He quickens whom he will; and whoever will, may come,
and take from him of the waters of life freely. May we know, and
love, and uprightly serve the Lord; then no proud enemy, on
earth or from hell, shall separate us from his love. Faith
calleth things that are not, as though they were. It carries us
forward to the end of time; it shows us the Lord, on his throne
of judgment; the empire of sin fallen to rise no more.
$-$-$- PS:37

* David persuades to patience and confidence in God, by the
state of the godly and of the wicked.

#1-6 When we look abroad we see the world full of evil-doers,
that flourish and live in ease. So it was seen of old, therefore
let us not marvel at the matter. We are tempted to fret at this,
to think them the only happy people, and so we are prone to do
like them: but this we are warned against. Outward prosperity is
fading. When we look forward, with an eye of faith, we shall see
no reason to envy the wicked. Their weeping and wailing will be
everlasting. The life of religion is a believing trust in the
Lord, and diligent care to serve him according to his will. It
is not trusting God, but tempting him, if we do not make
conscience of our duty to him. A man's life consists not in
abundance, but, Thou shalt have food convenient for thee. This
is more than we deserve, and it is enough for one that is going
to heaven. To delight in God is as much a privilege as a duty.
He has not promised to gratify the appetites of the body, and
the humours of the fancy, but the desires of the renewed,
sanctified soul. What is the desire of the heart of a good man?
It is this, to know, and love, and serve God. Commit thy way
unto the Lord; roll thy way upon the Lord, so the margin reads
it. Cast thy burden upon the Lord, the burden of thy care. We
must roll it off ourselves, not afflict and perplex ourselves
with thoughts about future events, but refer them to God. By
prayer spread thy case and all thy cares before the Lord, and
trust in him. We must do our duty, and then leave the event with
God. The promise is very sweet: He shall bring that to pass,
whatever it is, which thou has committed to him.

#7-20 Let us be satisfied that God will make all to work for
good to us. Let us not discompose ourselves at what we see in
this world. A fretful, discontented spirit is open to many
temptations. For, in all respects, the little which is allotted
to the righteous, is more comfortable and more profitable than
the ill-gotten and abused riches of ungodly men. It comes from a
hand of special love. God provides plentifully and well, not
only for his working servants, but for his waiting servants.
They have that which is better than wealth, peace of mind, peace
with God, and then peace in God; that peace which the world
cannot give, and which the world cannot have. God knows the
believer's days. Not one day's work shall go unrewarded. Their
time on earth is reckoned by days, which will soon be numbered;
but heavenly happiness shall be for ever. This will be a real
support to believers in evil times. Those that rest on the Rock
of ages, have no reason to envy the wicked the support of their
broken reeds.

#21-33 The Lord our God requires that we do justly, and render
to all their due. It is a great sin for those that are able, to
deny the payment of just debts; it is a great misery not to be
able to pay them. He that is truly merciful, will be ever
merciful. We must leave our sins; learn to do well, and cleave
to it. This is true religion. The blessing of God is the spring,
sweetness, and security of all earthly enjoyments. And if we are
sure of this, we are sure not to want any thing good for us in
this world. By his grace and Holy Spirit, he directs the
thoughts, affections, and designs of good men. By his providence
he overrules events, so as to make their way plain. He does not
always show them his way for a distance, but leads them step by
step, as children are led. God will keep them from being ruined
by their falls, either into sin or into trouble, though such as
fall into sin will be sorely hurt. Few, if any, have known the
consistent believer, or his children, reduced to abject,
friendless want. God forsakes not his saints in affliction; and
in heaven only the righteous shall dwell for ever; that will be
their everlasting habitation. A good man may fall into the hands
of a messenger of Satan, and be sorely buffeted, but God will
not leave him in his enemy's hands.

#34-40 Duty is ours, and we must mind it; but events are God's,
we must refer the disposal of them to him. What a striking
picture is in ver. #35,36|, of many a prosperous enemy of God!
But God remarkably blights the projects of the prosperous
wicked, especially persecutors. None are perfect in themselves,
but believers are so in Christ Jesus. If all the saint's days
continue dark and cloudy, his dying day may prove comfortable,
and his sun set bright; or, if it should set under a cloud, yet
his future state will be everlasting peace. The salvation of the
righteous will be the Lord's doing. He will help them to do
their duties, to bear their burdens; help them to bear their
troubles well, and get good by them, and, in due time, will
deliver them out of their troubles. Let sinners then depart from
evil, and do good; repent of and forsake sin, and trust in the
mercy of God through Jesus Christ. Let them take his yoke upon
them, and learn of him, that they may dwell for evermore in
heaven. Let us mark the closing scenes of different characters,
and always depend on God's mercy.
$-$-$- PS:38

* God's displeasure at sin. (1-11) The psalmist's sufferings and
prayers. (12-22)

#1-11 Nothing will disquiet the heart of a good man so much as
the sense of God's anger. The way to keep the heart quiet, is to
keep ourselves in the love of God. But a sense of guilt is too
heavy to bear; and would sink men into despair and ruin, unless
removed by the pardoning mercy of God. If there were not sin in
our souls, there would be no pain in our bones, no illness in
our bodies. The guilt of sin is a burden to the whole creation,
which groans under it. It will be a burden to the sinners
themselves, when they are heavy-laden under it, or a burden of
ruin, when it sinks them to hell. When we perceive our true
condition, the Good Physician will be valued, sought, and
obeyed. Yet many let their wounds rankle, because they delay to
go to their merciful Friend. When, at any time, we are
distempered in our bodies, we ought to remember how God has been
dishonoured in and by our bodies. The groanings which cannot be
uttered, are not hid from Him that searches the heart, and knows
the mind of the Spirit. David, in his troubles, was a type of
Christ in his agonies, of Christ on his cross, suffering and
deserted.

#12-22 Wicked men hate goodness, even when they benefit by it.
David, in the complaints he makes of his enemies, seems to refer
to Christ. But our enemies do us real mischief only when they
drive us from God and our duty. The true believer's trouble will
be made useful; he will learn to wait for his God, and will not
seek relief from the world or himself. The less we notice the
unkindness and injuries that are done us, the more we consult
the quiet of our own minds. David's troubles were the
chastisement and the consequence of his transgressions, whilst
Christ suffered for our sins and ours only. What right can a
sinner have to yield to impatience or anger, when mercifully
corrected for his sins? David was very sensible of the present
workings of corruption in him. Good men, by setting their sorrow
continually before them, have been ready to fall; but by setting
God always before them, they have kept their standing. If we are
truly penitent for sin, that will make us patient under
affliction. Nothing goes nearer to the heart of a believer when
in affliction, than to be under the apprehension of God's
deserting him; nor does any thing come more feelingly from his
heart than this prayer, "Be not far from me." The Lord will
hasten to help those who trust in him as their salvation.
$-$-$- PS:39

* David meditates on man's frailty. (1-6) He applies for pardon
and deliverance. (7-13)

#1-6 If an evil thought should arise in the mind, suppress it.
Watchfulness in the habit, is the bridle upon the head;
watchfulness in acts, is the hand upon the bridle. When not able
to separate from wicked men, we should remember they will watch
our words, and turn them, if they can, to our disadvantage.
Sometimes it may be necessary to keep silence, even from good
words; but in general we are wrong when backward to engage in
edifying discourse. Impatience is a sin that has its cause
within ourselves, and that is, musing; and its ill effects upon
ourselves, and that is no less than burning. In our greatest
health and prosperity, every man is altogether vanity, he cannot
live long; he may die soon. This is an undoubted truth, but we
are very unwilling to believe it. Therefore let us pray that God
would enlighten our minds by his Holy Spirit, and fill our
hearts with his grace, that we may be ready for death every day
and hour.

#7-13 There is no solid satisfaction to be had in the creature;
but it is to be found in the Lord, and in communion with him; to
him we should be driven by our disappointments. If the world be
nothing but vanity, may God deliver us from having or seeking
our portion in it. When creature-confidences fail, it is our
comfort that we have a God to go to, a God to trust in. We may
see a good God doing all, and ordering all events concerning us;
and a good man, for that reason, says nothing against it. He
desires the pardoning of his sin, and the preventing of his
shame. We must both watch and pray against sin. When under the
correcting hand of the Lord, we must look to God himself for
relief, not to any other. Our ways and our doings bring us into
trouble, and we are beaten with a rod of our own making. What a
poor thing is beauty! and what fools are those that are proud of
it, when it will certainly, and may quickly, be consumed! The
body of man is as a garment to the soul. In this garment sin has
lodged a moth, which wears away, first the beauty, then the
strength, and finally the substance of its parts. Whoever has
watched the progress of a lingering distemper, or the work of
time alone, in the human frame, will feel at once the force of
this comparison, and that, surely every man is vanity.
Afflictions are sent to stir up prayer. If they have that
effect, we may hope that God will hear our prayer. The believer
expects weariness and ill treatment on his way to heaven; but he
shall not stay here long : walking with God by faith, he goes
forward on his journey, not diverted from his course, nor cast
down by the difficulties he meets. How blessed it is to sit
loose from things here below, that while going home to our
Father's house, we may use the world as not abusing it! May we
always look for that city, whose Builder and Maker is God.
$-$-$- PS:40

* Confidence for deliverance. (1-5) Christ's work of redemption.
(6-10) Prayer for mercy and grace. (11-17)

#1-5 Doubts and fears about the eternal state, are a horrible
pit and miry clay, and have been so to many a dear child of God.
There is power enough in God to help the weakest, and grace
enough to help the unworthiest of all that trust in him. The
psalmist waited patiently; he continued believing, hoping, and
praying. This is applicable to Christ. His agony, in the garden
and on the cross, was a horrible pit and miry clay. But those
that wait patiently for God do not wait in vain. Those that have
been under religious melancholy, and by the grace of God have
been relieved, may apply ver. #2| very feelingly to themselves;
they are brought up out of a horrible pit. Christ is the Rock on
which a poor soul can alone stand fast. Where God has given
stedfast hope, he expects there should be a steady, regular walk
and conduct. God filled the psalmist with joy, as well as peace
in believing. Multitudes, by faith beholding the sufferings and
glory of Christ, have learned to fear the justice and trust in
the mercy of God through Him. Many are the benefits with which
we are daily loaded, both by the providence and by the grace of
God.

#6-10 The psalmist foretells that work of wonder, redemption by
our Lord Jesus Christ. The Substance must come, which is Christ,
who must bring that glory to God, and that grace to man, which
it was impossible the sacrifices should ever do. Observe the
setting apart of our Lord Jesus to the work and office of
Mediator. In the volume, or roll, of the book it was written of
him. In the close rolls of the Divine decrees and counsel, the
covenant of redemption was recorded. Also, in all the volumes of
the Old Testament something was written of him, #Joh 19:28|. Now
the purchase of our salvation is made, the proclamation is sent
forth, calling us to come and accept it. It was preached freely
and openly. Whoever undertook to preach the gospel of Christ,
would be under great temptation to conceal it; but Christ, and
those he calls to that work, are carried on in it. May we
believe his testimony, trust his promise, and submit to his
authority.

#11-17 The best saints see themselves undone, unless continually
preserved by the grace of God. But see the frightful view the
psalmist had of sin. This made the discovery of a Redeemer so
welcome. In all his reflections upon each step of his life, he
discovered something amiss. The sight and sense of our sins in
their own colours, must distract us, if we have not at the same
time some sight of a Saviour. If Christ has triumphed over our
spiritual enemies, then we, through him, shall be more than
conquerors. This may encourage all that seek God and love his
salvation, to rejoice in him, and to praise him. No griefs nor
poverty can render those miserable who fear the Lord. Their God,
and all that he has or does, is the ground of their joy. The
prayer of faith can unlock his fulness, which is adapted to all
their wants. The promises are sure, the moment of fulfilment
hastens forward. He who once came in great humility, shall come
again in glorious majesty.
$-$-$- PS:41

* God's care for his people. (1-4) The treachery of David's
enemies. (5-13)

#1-4 The people of God are not free from poverty, sickness, or
outward affliction, but the Lord will consider their case, and
send due supplies. From his Lord's example the believer learns
to consider his poor and afflicted brethren. This branch of
godliness is usually recompensed with temporal blessings. But
nothing is so distressing to the contrite believer, as a fear or
sense of the Divine displeasure, or of sin in his heart. Sin is
the sickness of the soul; pardoning mercy heals it, renewing
grace heals it, and for this spiritual healing we should be more
earnest than for bodily health.

#5-13 We complain, and justly, of the want of sincerity, and
that there is scarcely any true friendship to be found among
men; but the former days were no better. One particularly, in
whom David had reposed great confidence, took part with his
enemies. And let us not think it strange, if we receive evil
from those we suppose to be friends. Have not we ourselves thus
broken our words toward God? We eat of his bread daily, yet lift
up the heel against him. But though we may not take pleasure in
the fall of our enemies, we may take pleasure in the making vain
their designs. When we can discern the Lord's favour in any
mercy, personal or public, that doubles it. If the grace of God
did not take constant care of us, we should not be upheld. But
let us, while on earth, give heartfelt assent to those praises
which the redeemed on earth and in heaven render to their God
and Saviour.
$-$-$- PS:42

* The conflict in the soul of a believer.

#1-5 The psalmist looked to the Lord as his chief good, and set
his heart upon him accordingly; casting anchor thus at first, he
rides out the storm. A gracious soul can take little
satisfaction in God's courts, if it do not meet with God himself
there. Living souls never can take up their rest any where short
of a living God. To appear before the Lord is the desire of the
upright, as it is the dread of the hypocrite. Nothing is more
grievous to a gracious soul, than what is intended to shake its
confidence in the Lord. It was not the remembrance of the
pleasures of his court that afflicted David; but the remembrance
of the free access he formerly had to God's house, and his
pleasure in attending there. Those that commune much with their
own hearts, will often have to chide them. See the cure of
sorrow. When the soul rests on itself, it sinks; if it catches
hold on the power and promise of God, the head is kept above the
billows. And what is our support under present woes but this,
that we shall have comfort in Him. We have great cause to mourn
for sin; but being cast down springs from unbelief and a
rebellious will; we should therefore strive and pray against it.

#6-11 The way to forget our miseries, is to remember the God of
our mercies. David saw troubles coming from God's wrath, and
that discouraged him. But if one trouble follow hard after
another, if all seem to combine for our ruin, let us remember
they are all appointed and overruled by the Lord. David regards
the Divine favour as the fountain of all the good he looked for.
In the Saviour's name let us hope and pray. One word from him
will calm every storm, and turn midnight darkness into the light
of noon, the bitterest complaints into joyful praises. Our
believing expectation of mercy must quicken our prayers for it.
At length, is faith came off conqueror, by encouraging him to
trust in the name of the Lord, and to stay himself upon his God.
He adds, And my God; this thought enabled him to triumph over
all his griefs and fears. Let us never think that the God of our
life, and the Rock of our salvation, has forgotten us, if we
have made his mercy, truth, and power, our refuge. Thus the
psalmist strove against his despondency: at last his faith and
hope obtained the victory. Let us learn to check all unbelieving
doubts and fears. Apply the promise first to ourselves, and then
plead it to God.
$-$-$- PS:43

* David endeavours to still his spirit, with hope and confidence
in God.

- As to the quarrel God had with David for sin, he prays, Enter
not into judgment with me, if Thou doest so I shall be
condemned; but as to the quarrel his enemies had with him, he
prays, Lord, judge me, and in thy providence appear on my
behalf. If we cannot comfort ourselves in God, we may stay
ourselves upon him, and may have spiritual supports, when we
want spiritual delights. He never cast off any that trusted in
him, whatever fears they may have had of their own state. We
need desire no more to make us happy, than the good that flow
from God's favour, and is included in his promise. Those whom
God leads, he leads to his holy hill; those, therefore, who
pretend to be led by the Spirit, and yet turn their backs upon
ordinance, deceive themselves. We are still to pray for the
Spirit of light and truth, who supplies the want of Christ's
bodily presence, to guide us in the way to heaven. Whatever we
rejoice or triumph in, the Lord must be the joy of it. David
applies to God as his never-failing hope. Let us pray earnestly,
that the Lord would send forth the truth of his word, and the
light of his Spirit, to guide us into the way of holiness,
peace, and salvation. The desire of the Christian, like that of
the prophet in distress, is to be saved from sin as well as
sorrow; to be taught in the way of righteousness by the light of
heavenly wisdom, shining in Jesus Christ, and to be led by this
light and truth to the New Jerusalem.
$-$-$- PS:44

* A petition for succour and relief.

#1-8 Former experiences of God's power and goodness are strong
supports to faith, and powerful pleas in prayer under present
calamities. The many victories Israel obtained, were not by
their own strength or merit, but by God's favour and free grace.
The less praise this allows us, the more comfort it affords,
that we may see all as coming from the favour of God. He fought
for Israel, else they had fought in vain. This is applicable to
the planting of the Christian church in the world, which was not
by any human policy or power. Christ, by his Spirit, went forth
conquering and to conquer; and he that planted a church for
himself in the world, will support it by the same power and
goodness. They trusted and triumphed in and through him. Let him
that glories, glory in the Lord. But if they have the comfort of
his name, let them give unto him the glory due unto it.

#9-16 The believer must have times of temptation, affliction,
and discouragement; the church must have seasons of persecution.
At such times the people of God will be ready to fear that he
has cast them off, and that his name and truth will be
dishonoured. But they should look above the instruments of their
trouble, to God, well knowing that their worst enemies have no
power against them, but what is permitted from above.

#17-26 In afflictions, we must not seek relief by any sinful
compliance; but should continually meditate on the truth,
purity, and knowledge of our heart-searching God. Hearts sins
and secret sins are known to God, and must be reckoned for. He
knows the secret of the heart, therefore judges of the words and
actions. While our troubles do not drive us from our duty to
God, we should not suffer them to drive us from our comfort in
God. Let us take care that prosperity and ease do not render us
careless and lukewarm. The church of God cannot be prevailed on
by persecution to forget God; the believer's heart does not turn
back from God. The Spirit of prophecy had reference to those who
suffered unto death, for the testimony of Christ. Observe the
pleas used, ver. #25,26|. Not their own merit and righteousness,
but the poor sinner's pleas. None that belong to Christ shall be
cast off, but every one of them shall be saved, and that for
ever. The mercy of God, purchased, promised, and constantly
flowing forth, and offered to believers, does away every doubt
arising from our sins; while we pray in faith, Redeem us for thy
mercies' sake.
$-$-$- PS:45

* This psalm is a prophecy of Messiah the Prince, and points to
him as a Bridegroom espousing the church to himself, and as a
King ruling in it, and for it.

#1-5 The psalmist's tongue was guided by the Spirit of God, as
the pen is by the hand of a ready writer. This psalm is touching
the King Jesus, his kingdom and government. It is a shame that
this good matter is not more the subject of our discourse. There
is more in Christ to engage our love, than there is or can be in
any creature. This world and its charms are ready to draw away
our hearts from Christ; therefore we are concerned to understand
how much more worthy he is of our love. By his word, his
promise, his gospel, the good will of God is made known to us,
and the good work of God is begun and carried on in us. The
psalmist, ver. #3-5|, joyfully foretells the progress and
success of the Messiah. The arrows of conviction are very
terrible in the hearts of sinners, till they are humbled and
reconciled; but the arrows of vengeance will be more so to his
enemies who refuse to submit. All who have seen his glory and
tasted his grace, rejoice to see him, by his word and Spirit,
bring enemies and strangers under his dominion.

#6-9 The throne of this almighty King is established for ever.
While the Holy Spirit leads Christ's people to look to his
cross, he teaches them to see the evil of sin and the beauty of
holiness; so that none of them can feel encouragement to
continue in sin. The Mediator is God, else he had been neither
able to do the Mediator's work, nor fit to wear the Mediator's
crown. God the Father, as his God in respect to his human nature
and mediatorial offices, has given to him the Holy Spirit
without measure. Thus anointed to be a Prophet, Priest, and
King, Christ has pre-eminence in the gladdening gifts and graces
of the spirit, and from his fulness communicates them to his
brethren in human nature. The Spirit is called the oil of
gladness, because of the delight wherewith Christ was filled, in
carrying on his undertakings. The salvation of sinners is the
joy of angels, much more of the Son. And in proportion as we are
conformed to his holy image, we may expect the gladdening gifts
influences of the Comforter. The excellences of the Messiah, the
suitableness of his offices, and the sufficiency of his grace,
seem to be intended by the fragrance of his garments. The church
formed of true believers, is here compared to the queen, whom,
by an everlasting covenant, the Lord Jesus has betrothed to
himself. This is the bride, the Lamb's wife, whose graces are
compared to fine linen, for their purity; to gold, for their
costliness: for as we owe our redemption, so we owe our
adorning, to the precious blood of the Son of God.

#10-17 If we desire to share these blessings, we must hearken to
Christ's word. We must forget our carnal and sinful attachments
and pursuits. He must be our Lord as well as our Saviour; all
idols must be thrown away, that we may give him our whole heart.
And here is good encouragement, thus to break off from former
alliances. The beauty of holiness, both on the church and on
particular believers, is, in the sight of Christ, of great
price, and very amiable. The work of grace is the workmanship of
the Spirit, it is the image of Christ upon the soul, a partaking
of the Divine nature. It is clear of all sin, there is none in
it, nor any comes from it. There is nothing glorious in the old
man or corrupt nature; but in the new man, or work of grace upon
the soul, every thing is glorious. The robe of Christ's
righteousness, which he has wrought out for his church, the
Father imputes unto her, and bestows upon her. None are brought
to Christ, but those whom the Father brings. This notes the
conversion of souls to him. The robe of righteousness, and
garments of salvation, the change of raiment Christ has put upon
her. Such as strictly cleave to Christ, loving him in singleness
of heart, are companions of the bride, who partake of the very
same grace, enjoy the same privileges, and share in one common
salvation. These, every one, shall be brought to the King; not
one lost or left behind. Instead of the Old Testament church,
there shall be a New Testament church, a Gentile church. In the
believing hope of our everlasting happiness in the other world,
let us always keep up the remembrance of Christ, as our only way
thither; and transmit the remembrance of him to succeeding
generations, that his name may endure for ever.
$-$-$- PS:46

* Confidence in God. (1-5) An exhortation to behold it. (6-11)

#1-5 This psalm encourages to hope and trust in God; in his
power and providence, and his gracious presence with his church
in the worst of times. We may apply it to spiritual enemies, and
the encouragement we have that, through Christ, we shall be
conquerors over them. He is a Help, a present Help, a Help
found, one whom we have found to be so; a Help at hand, one that
is always near; we cannot desire a better, nor shall we ever
find the like in any creature. Let those be troubled at the
troubling of the waters, who build their confidence on a
floating foundation; but let not those be alarmed who are led to
the Rock, and there find firm footing. Here is joy to the
church, even in sorrowful times. The river alludes to the graces
and consolations of the Holy Spirit, which flow through every
part of the church, and through God's sacred ordinances,
gladdening the heart of every believer. It is promised that the
church shall not be moved. If God be in our hearts, by his word
dwelling richly in us, we shall be established, we shall be
helped; let us trust and not be afraid.

#6-11 Come and see the effects of desolating judgments, and
stand in awe of God. This shows the perfect security of the
church, and is an assurance of lasting peace. Let us pray for
the speedy approach of these glorious days, and in silent
submission let us worship and trust in our almighty Sovereign.
Let all believers triumph in this, that the Lord of hosts, the
God of Jacob, has been, is, and will be with us; and will be our
Refuge. Mark this, take the comfort, and say, If God be for us,
who can be against us? With this, through life and in death, let
us answer every fear.
$-$-$- PS:47

* The people exhorted to praise God.

#1-4 The God with whom we have to do, is a God of awful majesty.
The universal and absolute sovereignty of a holy God would be
too terrible for us even to think of, were it not exercised by
his Son from a mercy-seat; but now it is only terrible to the
workers of iniquity. While his people express confidence and
joy, and animate each other in serving him, let sinners submit
to his authority, and accept his salvation. Jesus Christ shall
subdue the Gentiles; he shall bring them as sheep into the fold,
not for slaughter, but for preservation. He shall subdue their
affections, and make them a willing people in the day of his
power. Also it speaks of his giving them rest and settlement.
Apply this spiritually; the Lord himself has undertaken to be
the inheritance of his people. It shows the faith and submission
of the saints. This is the language of every gracious soul, The
Lord shall choose my inheritance for me; he knows what is good
for me better than I do.

#5-9 Praise is a duty in which we ought to be frequent and
abundant. But here is a needful rule; Sing ye praises with
understanding. As those that understand why and for what reasons
they praise God, and what is the meaning of the service. It is
not an acceptable service, if it is not a reasonable service. We
are never to forget the end of Messiah's exaltation, so
continually do the prophets dwell upon the conversion of the
nations to the gospel of Christ. Why do we vainly fancy that we
belong to him, unless the Spirit reign in our hearts by faith?
Lord, is it not thy glory and delight to give repentance to
Israel and remission of sins, now that thou art exalted as a
Prince and a Saviour? Set up thy kingdom in our hearts. Bring
into captivity every thought to the obedience of Christ. And so
sweetly constrain all the powers and faculties of the souls of
thy redeemed, into holy love, fear, and delight in thee, that
praise with the understanding may rise from every heart, both
here and for ever, to Thee, our God.
$-$-$- PS:48

* The glories of the church of Christ.

#1-7 Jerusalem is the city of our God: none on earth render him
due honour except the citizens of the spiritual Jerusalem. Happy
the kingdom, the city, the family, the heart, in which God is
great, in which he is all. There God is known. The clearer
discoveries are made to us of the Lord and his greatness, the
more it is expected that we should abound in his praises. The
earth is, by sin, covered with deformity, therefore justly might
that spot of ground, which was beautified with holiness, be
called the joy of the whole earth; that which the whole earth
has reason to rejoice in, that God would thus in very deed dwell
with man upon the earth. The kings of the earth were afraid of
it. Nothing in nature can more fitly represent the overthrow of
heathenism by the Spirit of the gospel, than the wreck of a
fleet in a storm. Both are by the mighty power of the Lord.

#8-14 We have here the improvement which the people of God are
to make of his glorious and gracious appearances for them. Let
our faith in the word of God be hereby confirmed. Let our hope
of the stability of the church be encouraged. Let our minds be
filled with good thoughts of God. All the streams of mercy that
flow down to us, must be traced to the fountain of His
loving-kindness. Let us give to God the glory of the great
things he has done for us. Let all the members of the church
take comfort from what the Lord does for his church. Let us
observe the beauty, strength, and safety of the church. Consider
its strength; see it founded on Christ the Rock, fortified by
the Divine power, guarded by Him who neither slumbers nor
sleeps. See what precious ordinances are its palaces, what
precious promises are its bulwarks, that you may be encouraged
to join yourselves to it: and tell this to others. This God, who
has now done such great things for us, is unchangeable in his
love to us, and his care for us. If he is our God, he will lead
and keep us even to the last. He will so guide us, as to set us
above the reach of death, so that it shall not do us any real
hurt. He will lead us to a life in which there shall be no more
death.
$-$-$- PS:49

* A call for attention. (1-5) Folly of worldlings. (6-14)
Against fear of death. (15-20)

#1-5 We seldom meet with a more solemn introduction: there is no
truth of greater importance. Let all hear this with application
to ourselves. The poor are in danger from undue desire toward
the wealth of the world, as rich people from undue delight in
it. The psalmist begins with applying it to himself, and that is
the right method in which to treat of Divine things. Before he
sets down the folly of carnal security, he lays down, from his
own experience, the benefit and comfort of a holy, gracious
security, which they enjoy who trust in God, and not in their
worldly wealth. In the day of judgment, the iniquity of our
heels, or of our steps, our past sins, will compass us. In those
days, worldly, wicked people will be afraid; but wherefore
should a man fear death who has God with him?

#6-14 Here is a description of the spirit and way of worldly
people. A man may have wealth, and may have his heart enlarged
in love, thankfulness, and obedience, and may do good with it.
Therefore it is not men's having riches that proves them to be
worldly, but their setting their hearts upon them as the best
things. Worldly men have only some floating thoughts of the
things of God, while their fixed thoughts, their inward
thoughts, are about the world; that lies nearest the heart. But
with all their wealth they cannot save the life of the dearest
friend they have. This looks further, to the eternal redemption
to be wrought out by the Messiah. The redemption of the soul
shall cost very dear; but, being once wrought, it shall never
need to be repeated. And he, the Redeemer, shall rise again
before he sees corruption, and then shall live for evermore, #Re
1:18|. This likewise shows the folly of worldly people, who sell
their souls for that which will never buy them. With all their
wealth they cannot secure themselves from the stroke of death.
Yet one generation after another applaud their maxims; and the
character of a fool, as drawn by heavenly Wisdom itself, #Lu
12:16-21|, continues to be followed even among professed
Christians. Death will ask the proud sinner, Where is thy
wealth, thy pomp? And in the morning of the resurrection, when
all that sleep in the dust shall awake, the upright shall be
advanced to the highest honour, when the wicked shall be filled
with everlasting shame and contempt, #Da 12:2|. Let us now judge
of things as they will appear in that day. The beauty of
holiness is that alone which the grave cannot touch, or damage.

#15-20 Believers should not fear death. The distinction of men's
outward conditions, how great soever in life, makes none at
death; but the difference of men's spiritual states, though in
this life it may seem of small account, yet at and after death
is very great. The soul is often put for the life. The God of
life, who was its Creator at first, can and will be its Redeemer
at last. It includes the salvation of the soul from eternal
ruin. Believers will be under strong temptation to envy the
prosperity of sinners. Men will praise thee, and cry thee up, as
having done well for thyself in raising an estate and family.
But what will it avail to be approved of men, if God condemn us?
Those that are rich in the graces and comforts of the Spirit,
have something of which death cannot strip them, nay, which
death will improve; but as for worldly possessions, as we
brought nothing into the world, so it is certain that we shall
carry nothing out; we must leave all to others. The sum of the
whole matter is, that it can profit a man nothing to gain the
whole world, to become possessed of all its wealth and all its
power, if he lose his own soul, and is cast away for want of
that holy and heavenly wisdom which distinguishes man from the
brutes, in his life and at his death. And are there men who can
prefer the lot of the rich sinner to that of poor Lazarus, in
life and death, and to eternity? Assuredly there are. What need
then we have of the teaching of the Holy Ghost; when, with all
our boasted powers, we are prone to such folly in the most
important of all concerns!
$-$-$- PS:50

* The glory of God. (1-6) Sacrifices to be changed for prayers.
(7-15) Sincere obedience required. (16-23)

#1-6 This psalm is a psalm of instruction. It tells of the
coming of Christ and the day of judgment, in which God will call
men to account; and the Holy Ghost is the Spirit of judgement.
All the children of men are concerned to know the right way of
worshipping the Lord, in spirit and in truth. In the great day,
our God shall come, and make those hear his judgement who would
not hearken to his law. Happy are those who come into the
covenant of grace, by faith in the Redeemer's atoning sacrifice,
and show the sincerity of their love by fruits of righteousness.
When God rejects the services of those who rest in outside
performances, he will graciously accept those who seek him
aright. It is only by sacrifice, by Christ, the great Sacrifice,
from whom the sacrifices of the law derived what value they had,
that we can be accepted of God. True and righteous are his
judgments; even sinners' own consciences will be forced to
acknowledge the righteousness of God.

#7-15 To obey is better than sacrifice, and to love God and our
neighbour better than all burnt-offerings. We are here warned
not to rest in these performances. And let us beware of resting
in any form. God demands the heart, and how can human inventions
please him, when repentance, faith, and holiness are neglected?
In the day of distress we must apply to the Lord by fervent
prayer. Our troubles, though we see them coming from God's hand,
must drive us to him, not drive us from him. We must acknowledge
him in all our ways, depend upon his wisdom, power, and
goodness, and refer ourselves wholly to him, and so give him
glory. Thus must we keep up communion with God; meeting him with
prayers under trials, and with praises in deliverances. A
believing supplicant shall not only be graciously answered as to
his petition, and so have cause for praising God, but shall also
have grace to praise him.

#16-23 Hypocrisy is wickedness, which God will judge. And it is
too common, for those who declare the Lord's statutes to others,
to live in disobedience to them themselves. This delusion arises
from the abuse of God's long-suffering, and a wilful mistake of
his character and the intention of his gospel. The sins of
sinners will be fully proved on them in the judgment of the
great day. The day is coming when God will set their sins in
order, sins of childhood and youth, of riper age and old age, to
their everlasting shame and terror. Let those hitherto forgetful
of God, given up to wickedness, or in any way negligent of
salvation, consider their urgent danger. The patience of the
Lord is very great. It is the more wonderful, because sinners
make such ill use of it; but if they turn not, they shall be
made to see their error when it is too late. Those that forget
God, forget themselves; and it will never be right with them
till they consider. Man's chief end is to glorify God: whoso
offers praise, glorifies him, and his spiritual sacrifices shall
be accepted. We must praise God, sacrifice praise, put it into
the hands of the Priest, our Lord Jesus, who is also the altar:
we must be fervent in spirit, praising the Lord. Let us
thankfully accept God's mercy, and endeavour to glorify him in
word and deed.
$-$-$- PS:51

* The psalmist prays for mercy, humbly confessing and lamenting
his sins. (1-6) He pleads for pardon, that he may promote the
glory of God and the conversion of sinners. (7-15) God is
pleased with a contrite heart, A prayer for the prosperity of
Zion. (16-19)

#1-6 David, being convinced of his sin, poured out his soul to
God in prayer for mercy and grace. Whither should backsliding
children return, but to the Lord their God, who alone can heal
them? he drew up, by Divine teaching, an account of the workings
of his heart toward God. Those that truly repent of their sins,
will not be ashamed to own their repentance. Also, he instructs
others what to do, and what to say. David had not only done
much, but suffered much in the cause of God; yet he flees to
God's infinite mercy, and depends upon that alone for pardon and
peace. He begs the pardon of sin. The blood of Christ, sprinkled
upon the conscience, blots out the transgression, and, having
reconciled us to God, reconciles us to ourselves. The believer
longs to have the whole debt of his sins blotted out, and every
stain cleansed; he would be thoroughly washed from all his sins;
but the hypocrite always has some secret reserve, and would have
some favorite lust spared. David had such a deep sense of his
sin, that he was continually thinking of it, with sorrow and
shame. His sin was committed against God, whose truth we deny by
wilful sin; with him we deal deceitfully. And the truly penitent
will ever trace back the streams of actual sin to the fountain
of original depravity. He confesses his original corruption.
This is that foolishness which is bound in the heart of a child,
that proneness to evil, and that backwardness to good, which is
the burden of the regenerate, and the ruin of the unregenerate.
He is encouraged, in his repentance, to hope that God would
graciously accept him. Thou desirest truth in the inward part;
to this God looks, in a returning sinner. Where there is truth,
God will give wisdom. Those who sincerely endeavour to do their
duty shall be taught their duty; but they will expect good only
from Divine grace overcoming their corrupt nature.

#7-15 Purge me with hyssop, with the blood of Christ applied to
my soul by a lively faith, as the water of purification was
sprinkled with a bunch of hyssop. The blood of Christ is called
the blood of sprinkling, #Heb 12:24|. If this blood of Christ,
which cleanses from all sin, cleanse us from our sin, then we
shall be clean indeed, #Heb 10:2|. He asks not to be comforted,
till he is first cleansed; if sin, the bitter root of sorrow, be
taken away, he can pray in faith, Let me have a well-grounded
peace, of thy creating, so that the bones broken by convictions
may rejoice, may be comforted. Hide thy face from my sins; blot
out all mine iniquities out of thy book; blot them out, as a
cloud is blotted out and dispelled by the beams of the sun. And
the believer desires renewal to holiness as much as the joy of
salvation. David now saw, more than ever, what an unclean heart
he had, and sadly laments it; but he sees it is not in his own
power to amend it, and therefore begs God would create in him a
clean heart. When the sinner feels this change is necessary, and
reads the promise of God to that purpose, he begins to ask it.
He knew he had by his sin grieved the Holy Spirit, and provoked
him to withdraw. This he dreads more than anything. He prays
that Divine comforts may be restored to him. When we give
ourselves cause to doubt our interest in salvation, how can we
expect the joy of it? This had made him weak; he prays, I am
ready to fall, either into sin or into despair, therefore uphold
me with thy Spirit. Thy Spirit is a free Spirit, a free Agent
himself, working freely. And the more cheerful we are in our
duty, the more constant we shall be to it. What is this but the
liberty wherewith Christ makes his people free, which is
contrasted with the yoke of bondage? #Ga 5:1|. It is the Spirit
of adoption spoken to the heart. Those to whom God is the God of
salvation, he will deliver from guilt; for the salvation he is
the God of, is salvation from sin. We may therefore plead with
him, Lord, thou art the God of my salvation, therefore deliver
me from the dominion of sin. And when the lips are opened, what
should they speak but the praises of God for his forgiving
mercy?

#16-19 Those who are thoroughly convinced of their misery and
danger by sin, would spare no cost to obtain the remission of
it. But as they cannot make satisfaction for sin, so God cannot
take any satisfaction in them, otherwise than as expressing love
and duty to him. The good work wrought in every true penitent,
is a broken spirit, a broken and a contrite heart, and sorrow
for sin. It is a heart that is tender, and pliable to God's
word. Oh that there were such a heart in every one of us! God is
graciously pleased to accept this; it is instead of all
burnt-offering and sacrifice. The broken heart is acceptable to
God only through Jesus Christ; there is no true repentance
without faith in him. Men despise that which is broken, but God
will not. He will not overlook it, he will not refuse or reject
it; though it makes God no satisfaction for the wrong done to
him by sin. Those who have been in spiritual troubles, know how
to pity and pray for others afflicted in like manner. David was
afraid lest his sin should bring judgements upon the city and
kingdom. No personal fears or troubles of conscience can make
the soul, which has received grace, careless about the interests
of the church of God. And let this be the continued joy of all
the redeemed, that they have redemption through the blood of
Christ, the forgiveness of sins according to the riches of his
grace.
$-$-$- PS:52

* The enemies of the truth and the church described, Their
destruction. (1-5) The righteous rejoice. (6-9)

#1-5 Those that glory in sin, glory in their shame. The patience
and forbearance of God are abused by sinners, to the hardening
of their hearts in their wicked ways. But the enemies in vain
boast in their mischief, while we have God's mercy to trust in.
It will not save us from the guilt of lying, to be able to say,
there was some truth in what we said, if we make it appear
otherwise than it was. The more there is of craft and
contrivance in any wickedness, the more there is of Satan in it.
When good men die, they are transplanted from the land of the
living on earth, to heaven, the garden of the Lord, where they
shall take root for ever; but when wicked men die, they are
rooted out, to perish for ever. The believer sees that God will
destroy those who make not him their strength.

#6-9 Those wretchedly deceive themselves, who think to support
themselves in power and wealth without God. The wicked man
trusted in the abundance of his riches; he thought his
wickedness would help him to keep his wealth. Right or wrong, he
would get what he could, and keep what he had, and ruin any one
that stood in his way; this he thought would strengthen him; but
see what it comes to! Those who by faith and love dwell in the
house of God, shall be like green olive-trees there. And that we
may be as green olive-trees, we must live a life of faith and
holy confidence in God and his grace. It adds much to the beauty
of our profession, and to fruitfulness in every grace, to be
much in praising God; and we never can want matter for praise.
His name alone can be our refuge and strong tower. It is very
good for us to wait on that saving name; there is nothing better
to calm and quiet our spirits, when disturbed, and to keep us in
the way of duty, when tempted to use any crooked courses for our
relief, than to hope, and quietly wait for the salvation of the
Lord. None ever followed his guidance but it ended well.
$-$-$- PS:53

* The corruption of man by nature.

- This psalm is almost the same as the 14th. The scope of it is
to convince us of our sins. God, by the psalmist, here shows us
how bad we are, and proves this by his own certain knowledge. He
speaks terror to persecutors, the worst of sinners. He speaks
encouragement to God's persecuted people. How comes it that men
are so bad? Because there is no fear of God before their eyes.
Men's bad practices flow from their bad principles; if they
profess to know God, yet in works, because in thoughts, they
deny him. See the folly of sin; he is a fool, in the account of
God, whose judgment we are sure is right, that harbours such
corrupt thoughts. And see the fruit of sin; to what it brings
men, when their hearts are hardened through the deceitfulness of
sin. See also the faith of the saints, and their hope and power
as to the cure of this great evil. There will come a Saviour, a
great salvation, a salvation from sin. God will save his church
from its enemies. He will save all believers from their own
sins, that they may not be led captive by them, which will be
everlasting joy to them. From this work the Redeemer had his
name JESUS, for he shall save his people from their sins, #Mt
1:21|.
$-$-$- PS:54

* David complains of the malice of his enemies. (1-3) Assurance
of the Divine favour and protection. (4-7)

#1-3 God is faithful, though men are not to be trusted, and it
is well for us it is so. David has no other plea to depend upon
than God's name, no other power to depend upon than God's
strength, and these he makes his refuge and confidence. This
would be the effectual answer to his prayers. Looking unto
David, betrayed by the men of Judah, and to Jesus, betrayed by
one of his apostles, what can we expect from any who have not
set God before them, save ingratitude, treachery, malice, and
cruelty? What bonds of nature, or friendship, or gratitude, or
covenant, will hold those that have broken through the fear of
God? Selah; Mark this. Let us set God before us at all times;
for if we do not, we are in danger of despair.

#4-7 Behold, God is mine Helper. If we are for him, he is for
us; and if he is for us, we need not fear. Every creature is
that to us, and no more, which God makes it to be. The Lord will
in due time save his people, and in the mean time he sustains
them, and bears them up, so that the spirit he has made shall
not fail. There is truth in God's threatenings, as well as in
his promises; sinners that repent not, will find it so to their
cost. David's present deliverance was an earnest of further
deliverance. He speaks of the completion of his deliverance as a
thing done, though he had as yet many troubles before him;
because, having God's promise for it, he was as sure of it as if
it was done already. The Lord would deliver him out of all his
troubles. May he help us to bear our cross without repining, and
at length bring us to share his victories and glory. Christians
never should suffer the voice of praise and thanksgiving to
cease in the church of the redeemed.
$-$-$- PS:55

* Prayer to God to manifest his favour. (1-8) The great
wickedness and treachery of his enemies. (9-15) He is sure that
God would in due time appear for him. (16-23)

#1-8 In these verses we have, 1. David praying. Prayer is a
salve for every sore, and a relief to the spirit under every
burden. 2. David weeping. Griefs are thus, in some measure,
lessened, while those increase that have no vent given them.
David in great alarm. We may well suppose him to be so, upon the
breaking out of Absalom's conspiracy, and the falling away of
the people. Horror overwhelmed him. Probably the remembrance of
his sin in the matter of Uriah added much to the terror. When
under a guilty conscience we must mourn in our complaint, and
even strong believers have for a time been filled with horror.
But none ever was so overwhelmed as the holy Jesus, when it
pleased the Lord to put him to grief, and to make his soul an
offering for our sins. In his agony he prayed more earnestly,
and was heard and delivered; trusting in him, and following him,
we shall be supported under, and carried through all trials. See
how David was weary of the treachery and ingratitude of men, and
the cares and disappointments of his high station: he longed to
hide himself in some desert from the fury and fickleness of his
people. He aimed not at victory, but rest; a barren wilderness,
so that he might be quiet. The wisest and best of men most
earnestly covet peace and quietness, and the more when vexed and
wearied with noise and clamour. This makes death desirable to a
child of God, that it is a final escape from all the storms and
tempests of this world, to perfect and everlasting rest.

#9-15 No wickedness so distresses the believer, as that which he
witnesses in those who profess to be of the church of God. Let
us not be surprised at the corruptions and disorders of the
church on earth, but long to see the New Jerusalem. He complains
of one that had been very industrious against him. God often
destroys the enemies of the church by dividing them. And an
interest divided against itself cannot long stand. The true
Christian must expect trials from professed friends, from those
with whom he has been united; this will be very painful; but by
looking unto Jesus we shall be enabled to bear it. Christ was
betrayed by a companion, a disciple, an apostle, who resembled
Ahithophel in his crimes and doom. Both were speedily overtaken
by Divine vengeance. And this prayer is a prophecy of the utter,
the everlasting ruin, of all who oppose and rebel against the
Messiah.

#16-23 In every trial let us call upon the Lord, and he will
save us. He shall hear us, and not blame us for coming too
often; the oftener the more welcome. David had thought all were
against him; but now he sees there were many with him, more than
he supposed; and the glory of this he gives to God, for it is he
that raises us up friends, and makes them faithful to us. There
are more true Christians, and believers have more real friends,
than in their gloomy hours they suppose. His enemies should be
reckoned with, and brought down; they could not ease themselves
of their fears, as David could, by faith in God. Mortal men,
though ever so high and strong, will easily be crushed by an
eternal God. Those who are not reclaimed by the rod of
affliction, will certainly be brought down to the pit of
destruction. The burden of afflictions is very heavy, especially
when attended with the temptations of Satan; there is also the
burden of sin and corruption. The only relief under it is, to
look to Christ, who bore it. Whatever it is that thou desirest
God should give thee, leave it to him to give it in his own way
and time. Care is a burden, it makes the heart stoop. We must
commit our ways and works to the Lord; let him do as seemeth him
good, and let us be satisfied. To cast our burden upon God, is
to rest upon his providence and promise. And if we do so, he
will carry us in the arms of his power, as a nurse carries a
child; and will strengthen our spirits by his Spirit, so that
they shall sustain the trial. He will never suffer the righteous
to be moved; to be so shaken by any troubles, as to quit their
duty to God, or their comfort in him. He will not suffer them to
be utterly cast down. He, who bore the burden of our sorrows,
desires us to leave to him to bear the burden of our cares,
that, as he knows what is best for us, he may provide it
accordingly. Why do not we trust Christ to govern the world
which he redeemed?
$-$-$- PS:56

* David seeks mercy from God, amidst the malice of his enemies.
(1-7) He rests his faith on God's promises, and declares his
obligation to praise him for mercies. (8-13)

#1-7 Be merciful unto me, O God. This petition includes all the
good for which we come to throne of grace. If we obtain mercy
there, we need no more to make us happy. It implies likewise our
best plea, not our merit, but God's mercy, his free, rich mercy.
We may flee to, and trust the mercy of God, when surrounded on
all sides by difficulties and dangers. His enemies were too hard
for him, if God did not help him. He resolves to make God's
promises the matter of his praises, and so we have reason to
make them. As we must not trust an arm of flesh when engaged for
us, so we must not be afraid of an arm of flesh when stretched
out against us. The sin of sinners will never be their security.
Who knows the power of God's anger; how high it can reach, how
forcibly it can strike?

#8-13 The heavy and continued trials through which many of the
Lord's people have passed, should teach us to be silent and
patient under lighter crosses. Yet we are often tempted to
repine and despond under small sorrows. For this we should check
ourselves. David comforts himself, in his distress and fear,
that God noticed all his grievances and all his griefs. God has
a bottle and a book for his people's tears, both the tears for
their sins, and those for their afflictions. He observes them
with tender concern. Every true believer may boldly say, The
Lord is my helper, and then I will not fear what man shall do
unto me; for man has no power but what is given him from above.
Thy vows are upon me, O Lord; not as a burden, but as that by
which I am known to be thy servant; as a bridle that restrains
me from what would be hurtful, and directs me in the way of my
duty. And vows of thankfulness properly accompany prayers for
mercy. If God deliver us from sin, either from doing it, or by
his pardoning mercy, he has delivered our souls from death,
which is the wages of sin. Where the Lord has begun a good work
he will carry it on and perfect it. David hopes that God would
keep him even from the appearance of sin. We should aim in all
our desires and expectations of deliverance, both from sin and
trouble, that we may do the better service to the Lord; that we
may serve him without fear. If his grace has delivered our souls
from the death of sin, he will bring us to heaven, to walk
before him for ever in light.
$-$-$- PS:57

* David begins with prayer and complaint. (1-6) He concludes
with joy and praise. (7-11)

#1-6 All David's dependence is upon God. The most eminent
believers need often repeat the publican's prayer, "God be
merciful to me a sinner." But if our souls trust in the Lord,
this may assure us, in our utmost dangers, that our calamities
will at length be overpast, and in the mean time, by faith and
prayer, we must make him our refuge. Though God be most high,
yet he condescends so low, as to take care that all things are
made to work for good to his people. This is a good reason why
we should pray earnestly. Look which way we will on this earth,
refuge fails, no help appears; but we may look for it from
heaven. If we have fled from the wrath to come, unto Jesus
Christ, he that performed all things needful to purchase the
salvation of his people, will do for us and in us all things
needful for our enjoyment of it. It made David droop to think
there should be those that bore him so much ill-will. But the
mischief they designed against him, returned on themselves. And
when David was in the greatest distress and disgrace, he did not
pray, Lord, exalt me, but, Lord, exalt thine own name. Our best
encouragement in prayer, is taken from the glory of God, and to
that, more than to our own comfort, we should have regard in all
our petitions for mercy.

#7-11 By lively faith, David's prayers and complaints are at
once turned into praises. His heart is fixed; it is prepared for
every event, being stayed upon God. If by the grace of God we
are brought into this even, composed frame of mind, we have
great reason to be thankful. Nothing is done to purpose, in
religion, unless it is done with the heart. The heart must be
fixed for the duty, put in frame for it; fixed in the duty by
close attention. Our tongue is our glory, and never more so than
when praising God; dull and sleepy devotions will never be
acceptable to God. Let us awake early in the morning, to begin
the day with God; early in the beginning of a mercy. When God
comes toward us with his favours, let us go forth to meet him
with our praises. David desired to bring others to join in
praising God; and in his psalms, he is still praising God among
the people, singing to Him among the nations. Let us seek to
have our hearts fixed to praise his boundless mercy and
unfailing faithfulness; and to glorify him with body, soul, and
spirit, which are his. Let us earnestly pray that the blessings
of the gospel may be sent through every land.
$-$-$- PS:58

* Wicked judges described and reproved. (1-5) A prayer that they
may be disabled, and their ruin predicted. (6-11)

#1-5 When wrong is done under the form of law, it is worse than
any other; especially it is grievous to behold those who profess
to be children of God, joining together against any of his
people. We should thank the Lord for merciful restraints; we
should be more earnest in seeking renewing grace, more watchful
over ourselves, and more patient under the effects of fallen
nature in others. The corruption of their nature was the root of
bitterness. We may see in children the wickedness of the world
beginning. They go astray from God and their duty as soon as
possibly they can. And how soon will little children tell lies!
It is our duty to take pains to teach them, and above all,
earnestly to pray for converting grace to make our children new
creatures. Though the poison be within, much of it may be kept
from breaking forth to injure others. When the Saviour's words
are duly regarded, the serpent becomes harmless. But those who
refuse to hear heavenly wisdom, must perish miserably, for ever.

#6-11 David prayed that the enemies of God's church and people
might be disabled to do further mischief. We may, in faith, pray
against the designs of the enemies of the church. He foretells
their ruin. And who knows the power of God's anger? The
victories of the Just One, in his own person and that of his
servants, over the enemies of man's salvation, produce a joy
which springs not from revenge, but from a view of the Divine
mercy, justice, and truth, shown in the redemption of the elect,
the punishment of the ungodly, and the fulfilment of the
promises. Whoever duly considers these things, will diligently
seek the reward of righteousness, and adore the Providence which
orders all thing aright in heaven and in earth.
$-$-$- PS:59

* David prays for deliverance from his enemies. (1-7) He
foresees their destruction. (8-17)

#1-7 In these words we hear the voice of David when a prisoner
in his own house; the voice of Christ when surrounded by his
merciless enemies; the voice of the church when under bondage in
the world; and the voice of the Christian when under temptation,
affliction, and persecution. And thus earnestly should we pray
daily, to be defended and delivered from our spiritual enemies,
the temptations of Satan, and the corruptions of our own hearts.
We should fear suffering as evil-doers, but not be ashamed of
the hatred of workers of iniquity. It is not strange, if those
regard not what they themselves say, who have made themselves
believe that God regards not what they say. And where there is
no fear of God, there is nothing to secure proper regard to man.

#8-17 It is our wisdom and duty, in times of danger and
difficulty, to wait upon God; for he is our defence, in whom we
shall be safe. It is very comfortable to us, in prayer, to look
to God as the God of our mercy, the Author of all good in us,
and the Giver of all good to us. The wicked can never be
satisfied, which is the greatest misery in a poor condition. A
contented man, if he has not what he would have, yet he does not
quarrel with Providence, nor fret within himself. It is not
poverty, but discontent that makes a man unhappy. David would
praise God because he had many times, and all along, found Him
his refuge in the day of trouble. He that is all this to us, is
certainly worthy of our best affections, praises, and services.
The trials of his people will end in joy and praise. When the
night of affliction is over, they will sing of the Lord's power
and mercy in the morning. Let believers now, in assured faith
and hope, praise Him for those mercies, for which they will
rejoice and praise him for ever.
$-$-$- PS:60

* David prays for the deliverance of Israel from their enemies.
(1-5) He entreats God to carry on and complete their victories.
(6-12)

#1-5 David owns God's displeasure to be the cause of all the
hardships he had undergone. And when God is turning his hand in
our favour, it is good to remember our former troubles. In God's
displeasure their troubles began, therefore in his favour their
prosperity must begin. Those breaches and divisions which the
folly and corruption of man make, nothing but the wisdom and
grace of God can repair, by pouring out a spirit of love and
peace, by which only a kingdom is saved from ruin. The anger of
God against sin, is the only cause of all misery, private or
public, that has been, is, or shall be. In all these cases there
is no remedy, but by returning to the Lord with repentance,
faith, and prayer; beseeching him to return to us. Christ, the
Son of David, is given for a banner to those that fear God; in
him they are gathered together in one, and take courage. In his
name and strength they wage war with the powers of darkness.

#6-12 If Christ be ours, all things, one way or another, shall
be for our eternal good. The man who is a new creature in
Christ, may rejoice in all the precious promises God has spoken
in his holiness. His present privileges, and the sanctifying
influences of the Spirit, are sure earnests of heavenly glory.
David rejoices in conquering the neighbouring nations, which had
been enemies to Israel. The Israel of God are through Christ
more than conquerors. Though sometimes they think that the Lord
has cast them off, yet he will bring them into the strong city
at last. Faith in the promise will assure us that it is our
Father's good pleasure to give us the kingdom: But we are not
yet made complete conquerors, and no true believer will abuse
these truths to indulge sloth, or vain confidence. Hope in God
is the best principle of true courage, for what need those fear
who have God on their side? All our victories are from him, and
while those who willingly submit to our anointed King shall
share his glories, all his foes shall be put under his feet.
$-$-$- PS:61

* David seeks God upon former experience. (1-4) He vows to serve
God. (5-8)

#1-4 David begins with prayers and tears, but ends with praise.
Thus the soul, being lifted up to God, returns to the enjoyment
of itself. Wherever we are, we have liberty to draw near to God,
and may find a way open to the throne of grace. And that which
separates us from other comforts, should drive us nearer to God,
the fountain of all comfort. Though the heart is overwhelmed,
yet it may be lifted up to God in prayer. Nay, I will cry unto
thee, for by that means it will be supported and relieved.
Weeping must quicken praying, and not deaden it. God's power and
promise are a rock that is higher than we are. This rock is
Christ. On the Divine mercy, as on a rock, David desired to rest
his soul; but he was like a ship-wrecked sailor, exposed to the
billows at the bottom of a rock too high for him to climb
without help. David found that he could not be fixed on the Rock
of salvation, unless the Lord placed him upon it. As there is
safety in Him, and none in ourselves, let us pray to be led to
and fixed upon Christ our Rock. The service of God shall be his
constant work and business: all must make it so who expect to
find God their shelter and strong tower. The grace of God shall
be his constant comfort.

#5-8 There is a people in the world that fear God's name. There
is a heritage peculiar to that people; present comforts in the
soul, earnests of future bliss. Those that fear God have enough
in him, and must not complain. We need desire no better heritage
than that of those who fear God. Those abide to good purpose in
this world, who abide before God, serve him, and walk in his
fear; those who do so, shall abide before him for ever. And
these words are to be applied to Him of whom the angel said, the
Lord shall give unto him the throne of his father David, and of
his kingdom there shall be no end, #Lu 1:32|. God's promises,
and our faith in them, are not to do away, but to encourage
prayer. We need not desire to be better secured than under the
protection of God's mercy and truth. And if we partake of that
grace and truth which came by Jesus Christ, we may praise him,
whatever be our outward circumstances. But renewed experience of
God's mercy and truth towards his people in Christ, is the main
matter of our joy in him, and our praise unto him.
$-$-$- PS:62

* David's confidence in God. (1-7) No trust to be put in worldly
things. (8-12)

#1-7 We are in the way both of duty and comfort, when our souls
wait upon God; when we cheerfully give up ourselves, and all our
affairs, to his will and wisdom; when we leave ourselves to all
the ways of his providence, and patiently expect the event, with
full satisfaction in his goodness. See the ground and reason of
this dependence. By his grace he has supported me, and by his
providence delivered me. He only can be my Rock and my
salvation; creatures are nothing without him, therefore I will
look above them to him. Trusting in God, the heart is fixed. If
God be for us, we need not fear what man can do against us.
David having put his confidence in God, foresees the overthrow
of his enemies. We have found it good to wait upon the Lord, and
should charge our souls to have such constant dependence upon
him, as may make us always easy. If God will save my soul, I may
well leave every thing else to his disposal, knowing all shall
turn to my salvation. And as David's faith in God advances to an
unshaken stedfastness, so his joy in God improves into a holy
triumph. Meditation and prayer are blessed means of
strengthening faith and hope.

#8-12 Those who have found the comfort of the ways of God
themselves, will invite others into those ways; we shall never
have the less for others sharing with us. the good counsel given
is, to trust wholly in God. We must so trust in him at all
times, as not at any time to put that trust in ourselves, or in
any creature, which is to be put in him only. Trust in him to
guide us when in doubt, to protect us when in danger, to supply
us when in want, to strengthen us for every good word and work.
We must lay out wants and our wishes before him, and then
patiently submit our wills to his: this is pouring out our
hearts. God is a refuge for all, even for as many as will take
shelter in him. The psalmist warns against trusting in men. The
multitude, those of low degree, are changeable as the wind. The
rich and noble seem to have much in their power, and lavish
promises; but those that depend on them, are disappointed.
Weighed in the balance of Scripture, all that man can do to make
us happy is lighter than vanity itself. It is hard to have
riches, and not to trust in them if they increase, though by
lawful and honest means; but we must take heed, lest we set our
affections unduly upon them. A smiling world is the most likely
to draw the heart from God, on whom alone it should be set. The
consistent believer receives all from God as a trust; and he
seeks to use it to his glory, as a steward who must render an
account. God hath spoken as it were once for all, that power
belongs to him alone. He can punish and destroy. Mercy also
belongs to him; and his recompensing the imperfect services of
those that believe in him, blotting out their transgressions for
the Redeemer's sake, is a proof of abundant mercy, and
encourages us to trust in him. Let us trust in his mercy and
grace, and abound in his work, expecting mercies from him alone.
$-$-$- PS:63

* David's desire toward God. (1,2) His satisfaction in God.
(3-6) His dependence upon God, and assurance of safety. (7-11)

#1,2 Early will I seek thee. The true Christian devotes to God
the morning hour. He opens the eyes of his understanding with
those of his body, and awakes each morning to righteousness. He
arises with a thirst after those comforts which the world cannot
give, and has immediate recourse by prayer to the Fountain of
the water of life. The true believer is convinced, that nothing
in this sinful world can satisfy the wants and desires of his
immortal soul; he expects his happiness from God, as his
portion. When faith and hope are most in exercise, the world
appears a weary desert, and the believer longs for the joys of
heaven, of which he has some foretastes in the ordinances of God
upon earth.

#3-6 Even in affliction we need not want matter for praise. When
this is the regular frame of a believer's mind, he values the
loving-kindness of God more than life. God's loving-kindness is
our spiritual life, and that is better than temporal life. We
must praise God with joyful lips; we must address ourselves to
the duties of religion with cheerfulness, and speak forth the
praises of God from a principle of holy joy. Praising lips must
be joyful lips. David was in continual danger; care and fear
held his eyes waking, and gave him wearisome nights; but he
comforted himself with thoughts of God. The mercies of God, when
called to mind in the night watches, support the soul, making
darkness cheerful. How happy will be that last morning, when the
believer, awaking up after the Divine likeness, shall be
satisfied with all the fulness of God, and praise him with
joyful lips, where there is no night, and where sorrow and
sighing flee away!

#7-11 True Christians can, in some measure, and at some times,
make use of the strong language of David, but too commonly our
souls cleave to the dust. Having committed ourselves to God, we
must be easy and pleased, and quiet from the fear of evil. Those
that follow hard after God, would soon fail, if God's right hand
did not uphold them. It is he that strengthens us and comforts
us. The psalmist doubts not but that though now sowing in tears,
he should reap in joy. Messiah the Prince shall rejoice in God;
he is already entered into the joy set before him, and his glory
will be completed at his second coming. Blessed Lord, let our
desire towards thee increase every hour; let our love be always
upon thee; let all our enjoyment be in thee, and all our
satisfaction from thee. Be thou all in all to us while we remain
in the present wilderness state, and bring us home to the
everlasting enjoyment of thee for ever.
$-$-$- PS:64

* Prayer for deliverance. (1-6) The destruction of the wicked,
encouragement to the righteous. (7-10)

#1-6 The psalmist earnestly begs of God to preserve him from
disquieting fear. The tongue is a little member, but it boasts
great things. The upright man is the mark at which the wicked
aim, they cannot speak peaceably either of him or to him. There
is no guard against a false tongue. It is bad to do wrong, but
worse to encourage ourselves and one another in it. It is a sign
that the heart is hardened to the greatest degree, when it is
thus fully set to do evil. A practical disbelief of God's
knowledge of all things, is at the bottom of every wickedness.
The benefit of a good cause and a good conscience, appears most
when nothing can help a man against his enemies, save God alone,
who is always a present help.

#7-10 When God brings upon men the mischiefs they have desired
on others, it is weight enough to sink a man to the lowest hell.
Those who love cursing, it shall come upon them. Those who
behold this shall understand, and observe God's hand in all;
unless we do so, we are not likely to profit by the
dispensations of Providence. The righteous shall be glad in the
Lord; not glad of the misery and ruin of their fellow-creatures,
but glad that God is glorified, and his word fulfilled, and the
cause of injured innocence pleaded effectually. They rejoice not
in men, nor in themselves, nor in any creature, or creature
enjoyments, nor in their wisdom, strength, riches, or
righteousness; but in Christ, in whom all the seed of Israel are
justified and glory, and in what he is to them, and has done for
them.
$-$-$- PS:65

* God is to be praised in the kingdom of grace. (1-5) In the
kingdom of providence. (6-13)

#1-5 All the praise the Lord receives from this earth is from
Zion, being the fruit of the Spirit of Christ, and acceptable
through him. Praise is silent unto thee, as wanting words to
express the great goodness of God. He reveals himself upon a
mercy-seat, ready to hear and answer the prayers of all who come
unto him by faith in Jesus Christ. Our sins prevail against us;
we cannot pretend to balance them with any righteousness of our
own: yet, as for our transgressions, of thine own free mercy,
and for the sake of a righteousness of thine own providing, we
shall not come into condemnation for them. Observe what it is to
come into communion with God in order to blessedness. It is to
converse with him as one we love and value; it is to apply
ourselves closely to religion as to the business of our
dwelling-place. Observe how we come into communion with God;
only by God's free choice. There is abundance of goodness in
God's house, and what is satisfying to the soul; there is enough
for all, enough for each: it is always ready; and all without
money and without price. By faith and prayer we may keep up
communion with God, and bring in comfort from him, wherever we
are. But it is only through that blessed One, who approaches the
Father as our Advocate and Surety, that sinners may expect or
can find this happiness.

#6-13 That Almighty strength which sets fast the mountains,
upholds the believer. That word which stills the stormy ocean,
and speaks it into a calm, can silence our enemies. How contrary
soever light and darkness are to each other, it is hard to say
which is most welcome. Does the watchman wait for the morning?
so does the labourer earnestly desire the shades of evening.
Some understand it of the morning and evening sacrifices. We are
to look upon daily worship, both alone and with our families, to
be the most needful of our daily occupations, the most
delightful of our daily comforts. How much the fruitfulness of
this lower part of the creation depends upon the influence of
the upper, is easy to observe; every good and perfect gift is
from above. He who enriches the earth, which is filled with
man's sins, by his abundant and varied bounty, can neither want
power nor will to feed the souls of his people. Temporal mercies
to us unworthy creatures, shadow forth more important blessings.
The rising of the Sun of righteousness, and the pouring forth of
the influences of the Holy Spirit, that river of God, full of
the waters of life and salvation, render the hard, barren,
worthless hearts of sinners fruitful in every good work, and
change the face of nations more than the sun and rain change the
face of nature. Wherever the Lord passes, by his preached
gospel, attended by his Holy Spirit, his paths drop fatness, and
numbers are taught to rejoice in and praise him. They will
descend upon the pastures of the wilderness, all the earth shall
hear and embrace the gospel, and bring forth abundantly the
fruits of righteousness which are, through Jesus Christ, to the
glory of the Father. Manifold and marvellous, O Lord, are thy
works, whether of nature or of grace; surely in loving-kindness
hast thou made them all.
$-$-$- PS:66

* Praise for God's sovereign power in the creation. (1-7) For
his favour to his church. (8-12) And the psalmist's praise for
his experience of God's goodness. (13-20)

#1-7 The holy church throughout all the world lifts up her
voice, to laud that Name which is above every name, to make the
praise of Jesus glorious, both by word and deed; that others may
be led to glorify him also. But nothing can bring men to do this
aright, unless his effectual grace create their hearts anew unto
holiness; and in the redemption by the death of Christ, and the
glorious deliverances it effects, are more wondrous works than
Israel's deliverance from Egyptian bondage.

#8-12 The Lord not only preserves our temporal life, but
maintains the spiritual life which he has given to believers. By
afflictions we are proved, as silver in the fire. The troubles
of the church will certainly end well. Through various conflicts
and troubles, the slave of Satan escapes from his yoke, and
obtains joy and peace in believing: through much tribulation the
believer must enter into the kingdom of God.

#13-20 We should declare unto those that fear God, what he has
done for our souls, and how he has heard and answered our
prayers, inviting them to join us in prayer and praise; this
will turn to our mutual comfort, and to the glory of God. We
cannot share these spiritual privileges, if we retain the love
of sin in our hearts, though we refrain from the gross practice,
Sin, regarded in the heart, will spoil the comfort and success
of prayer; for the sacrifice of the wicked is an abomination of
the Lord. But if the feeling of sin in the heart causes desires
to be rid of it; if it be the presence of one urging a demand we
know we must not, cannot comply with, this is an argument of
sincerity. And when we pray in simplicity and godly sincerity,
our prayers will be answered. This will excite gratitude to Him
who hath not turned away our prayer nor his mercy from us. It
was not prayer that fetched the deliverance, but his mercy that
sent it. That is the foundation of our hopes, the fountain of
our comforts; and ought to be the matter of our praises.
$-$-$- PS:67

* A prayer for the enlargement of Christ's kingdom.

- All our happiness comes from God's mercy; therefore the first
thing prayed for is, God be merciful to us, to us sinners, and
pardon our sins. Pardon is conveyed by God's blessing, and
secured in that. If we, by faith, walk with God, we may hope
that his face will shine on us. The psalmist passes on to a
prayer for the conversion of the Gentiles, which shows that the
Old Testament saints desired that their advantages might also be
enjoyed by others. And many Scripture prophecies and promises
are wrapped up in prayers: the answer to the prayer of the
church is as sure as the performance of God's promises. The joy
wished to the nations, is holy joy. Let them be glad that by his
providence the Lord will overrule the affairs of kingdoms; that
even the kingdoms of this world shall became the kingdom of the
Lord, and of his Christ. Then is declared a joyful prospect of
all good when God shall do this. The success of the gospel
brings outward mercies with it; righteousness exalts a nation.
The blessing of the Lord sweetens all our creature-comforts to
us, and makes them comforts indeed. All the world shall be
brought to worship Him. When the gospel begins to spread, it
shall go forward more and more, till it reaches to the ends of
the earth. It is good to cast in our lot with those that are the
blessed of the Lord. If nothing had been spoken in Scripture
respecting the conversion of the heathen, we might think it vain
to attempt so hopeless a work. But when we see with what
confidence it is declared in the Scriptures, we may engage in
missionary labours, assured that God will fulfil his own word.
And shall we be backward to make known to the heathen the
knowledge with which we are favoured, and the salvation we
profess to glory in? They cannot learn unless they are taught.
Then let us go forward in the strength of the Lord, and look to
him to accompany the word the Holy Ghost; then Satan's kingdom
shall be destroyed, and the kingdom of our Redeemer established.
$-$-$- PS:68

* A prayer-- The greatness and goodness of God. (1-6) The
wonderful works God wrought for his people. (7-14) The presence
of God in his church. (15-21) The victories of Christ. (22-28)
Enlargement of the church. (29-31) The glory and grace of God.
(32-35)

#1-6 None ever hardened his heart against God, and prospered.
God is the joy of his people, then let them rejoice when they
come before him. He who derives his being from none, but gives
being to all, is engaged by promise and covenant to bless his
people. He is to be praised as a God of mercy and tender
compassion. He ever careth for the afflicted and oppressed:
repenting sinners, who are helpless and exposed more than any
fatherless children, are admitted into his family, and share all
their blessings.

#7-14 Fresh mercies should put us in mind of former mercies. If
God bring his people into a wilderness, he will be sure to go
before them in it, and to bring them out of it. He provided for
them, both in the wilderness and in Canaan. The daily manna
seems here meant. And it looks to the spiritual provision for
God's Israel. The Spirit of grace and the gospel of grace are
the plentiful rain, with which God confirms his inheritance, and
from which their fruit is found. Christ shall come as showers
that water the earth. The account of Israel's victories is to be
applied to the victories over death and hell, by the exalted
Redeemer, for those that are his. Israel in Egypt among the
kilns appeared wretched, but possessed of Canaan, during the
reigns of David and Solomon, appeared glorious. Thus the slaves
of Satan, when converted to Christ, when justified and
sanctified by him, look honourable. When they reach heaven, all
remains of their sinful state disappear, they shall be as the
wings of the dove, covered with silver, and her feathers as
gold. Full salvation will render those white as snow, who were
vile and loathsome through the guilt and defilement of sin.

#15-21 The ascension of Christ must here be meant, and thereto
it is applied, #Eph 4:8|. He received as the purchase of his
death, the gifts needful for the conversion of sinners, and the
salvation of believers. These he continually bestows, even on
rebellious men, that the Lord God might dwell among them, as
their Friend and Father. He gave gifts to men. Having received
power to give eternal life, the Lord Jesus bestows it on as many
as were given him, #Joh 17:2|. Christ came to a rebellious
world, not to condemn it, but that through him it might be
saved. The glory of Zion's King is, that he is a Saviour and
Benefactor to all his willing people, and a consuming fire to
all that persist in rebellion against him. So many, so weighty
are the gifts of God's bounty, that he may be truly said to load
us with them. He will not put us off with present things for a
portion, but will be the God of our salvation. The Lord Jesus
has authority and power to rescue his people from the dominion
of death, by taking away the sting of it from them when they
die, and giving them complete victory over it when they rise
again. The crown of the head, the chief pride and glory of the
enemy, shall be smitten; Christ shall crush the head of the
serpent.

#22-28 The victories with which God blessed David over the
enemies of Israel, are types of Christ's victory, for himself
and for all believers. Those who take him for theirs, may see
him acting as their God, as their King, for their good, and in
answer to their prayers; especially in and by his word and
ordinances. The kingdom of the Messiah shall be submitted to by
all the rulers and learned in the world. The people seem to
address the king, ver. #28|. But the words are applicable to the
Redeemer, to his church, and every true believer. We pray, that
thou, O God the Son, wilt complete thine undertaking for us, by
finishing thy good work in us.

#29-31 A powerful invitation is given to those that are without,
to join the church. Some shall submit from fear; overcome by
their consciences, and the checks of Providence, they are
brought to make peace with the church. Others will submit
willingly, ver. #29,31|. There is that beauty and benefit in the
service of God, and in the gospel of Christ which went forth
from Jerusalem, which is enough to invite sinners out of all
nations.

#32-35 God is to be admired and adored with reverence and godly
fear, by all that attend in his holy places. The God of Israel
gives strength and power unto his people. Through Christ
strengthening us we can do all things, not otherwise; therefore
he must have the glory of all we do, with our humble thanks for
enabling us to do it, and for accepting the work of his hands in
us.
$-$-$- PS:69

* David complains of great distress. (1-12) And begs for
succour. (13-21) He declares the judgments of God. (22-29) He
concludes with joy and praise. (30-36)

#1-12 We should frequently consider the person of the Sufferer
here spoken of, and ask why, as well as what he suffered, that,
meditating thereon, we may be more humbled for sin, and more
convinced of our danger, so that we may feel more gratitude and
love, constraining us to live to His glory who died for our
salvation. Hence we learn, when in affliction, to commit the
keeping of our souls to God, that we may not be soured with
discontent, or sink into despair. David was hated wrongfully,
but the words far more fully apply to Christ. In a world where
unrighteousness reigns so much, we must not wonder if we meet
with those that are our enemies wrongfully. Let us take care
that we never do wrong; then if we receive wrong, we may the
better bear it. By the satisfaction Christ made to God for our
sin by his blood, he restored that which he took not away, he
paid our debt, suffered for our offences. Even when we can plead
Not guilty, as to men's unjust accusations, yet before God we
must acknowledge ourselves to deserve all that is brought upon
us. All our sins take rise from our foolishness. They are all
done in God's sight. David complains of the unkindness of
friends and relations. This was fulfilled in Christ, whose
brethren did not believe on him, and who was forsaken by his
disciples. Christ made satisfaction for us, not only by putting
off the honours due to God, but by submitting to the greatest
dishonours that could be done to any man. We need not be
discouraged if our zeal for the truths, precepts, and worship of
God, should provoke some, and cause others to mock our godly
sorrow and deadness to the world.

#13-21 Whatever deep waters of affliction or temptation we sink
into, whatever floods of trouble or ungodly men seem ready to
overwhelm us, let us persevere in prayer to our Lord to save us.
The tokens of God's favour to us are enough to keep our spirits
from sinking in the deepest outward troubles. If we think well
of God, and continue to do so under the greatest hardships, we
need not fear but he will do well for us. And if at any time we
are called on to suffer reproach and shame, for Christ's sake,
this may be our comfort, that he knows it. It bears hard on one
that knows the worth of a good name, to be oppressed with a bad
one; but when we consider what a favour it is to be accounted
worthy to suffer shame for the name of Jesus, we shall see that
there is no reason why it should be heart-breaking to us. The
sufferings of Christ were here particularly foretold, which
proves the Scripture to be the word of God; and how exactly
these predictions were fulfilled in Jesus Christ, which proves
him to be the true Messiah. The vinegar and the gall given to
him, were a faint emblem of that bitter cup which he drank up,
that we might drink the cup of salvation. We cannot expect too
little from men, miserable comforters are they all; nor can we
expect too much from the God of all comfort and consolation.

#22-29 These are prophecies of the destruction of Christ's
persecutors. Verses #22,23|, are applied to the judgments of God
upon the unbelieving Jews, in #Ro 11:9,10|. When the supports of
life and delights of sense, through the corruption of our
nature, are made the food and fuel of sin, then our table is a
snare. Their sin was, that they would not see, but shut their
eyes against the light, loving darkness rather; their punishment
was, that they should not see, but should be given up to their
own hearts' lusts which hardened them. Those who reject God's
great salvation proffered to them, may justly fear that his
indignation will be poured out upon them. If men will sin, the
Lord will reckon for it. But those that have multiplied to sin,
may yet find mercy, through the righteousness of the Mediator.
God shuts not out any from that righteousness; the gospel
excludes none who do not, by unbelief, shut themselves out. But
those who are proud and self-willed, so that they will not come
in to God's righteousness, shall have their doom accordingly;
they themselves decide it. Let those not expect any benefit
thereby, who are not glad to be beholden to it. It is better to
be poor and sorrowful, with the blessing of the Lord, than rich
and jovial, and under his curse. This may be applied to Christ.
He was, when on earth, a man of sorrows that had not where to
lay his head; but God exalted him. Let us call upon the Lord,
and though poor and sorrowful, guilty and defiled, his salvation
will set us up on high.

#30-36 The psalmist concludes the psalm with holy joy and
praise, which he began with complaints of his grief. It is a
great comfort to us, that humble and thankful praises are more
pleasing to God than the most costly, pompous sacrifices. The
humble shall look to him, and be glad; those that seek him
through Christ shall live and be comforted. God will do great
things for the gospel church, in which let all who wish well to
it rejoice. A seed shall serve him on earth, and his servants
shall inherit his heavenly kingdom. Those that love his name
shall dwell before him for ever. He that spared not his own Son,
but delivered him up for us all, how shall he not with him also
freely give us all things? Arise, thou great Restorer of the
ancient places to dwell in, and turn away ungodliness from thy
people.
$-$-$- PS:70

* The speedy destruction of the wicked, and the preservation of
the godly.

- This psalm is almost the same as the last five verses of #Ps
40|. While here we behold Jesus Christ set forth in poverty and
distress, we also see him denouncing just and fearful punishment
on his Jewish, heathen, and antichristian enemies; and pleading
for the joy and happiness of his friends, to his Father's
honour. Let us apply these things to our own troubled
circumstances, and in a believing manner bring them, and the
sinful causes thereof, to our remembrance. Urgent trials should
always awake fervent prayers.
$-$-$- PS:71

* Prayers that God would deliver and save. (1-13) Believing
praises. (14-24)

#1-13 David prays that he might never be made ashamed of
dependence upon God. With this petition every true believer may
come boldly to the throne of grace. The gracious care of Divine
providence in our birth and infancy, should engage us to early
piety. He that was our Help from our birth, ought to be our Hope
from our youth. Let none expect ease or comfort from the world.
Those who love the Lord, often are hated and persecuted; men
wondered at for their principles and conduct; but the Lord has
been their strong refuge. The faithful servants of God may be
assured that he will not cast them off in old age, nor forsake
them when their strength fails.

#14-24 The psalmist declares that the righteousness of Christ,
and the great salvation obtained thereby, shall be the chosen
subject of his discourse. Not on a sabbath only, but on every
day of the week, of the year, of his life. Not merely at stated
returns of solemn devotion, but on every occasion, all the day
long. Why will he always dwell on this? Because he knew not the
numbers thereof. It is impossible to measure the value or the
fulness of these blessings. The righteousness is unspeakable,
the salvation everlasting. God will not cast off his grey-headed
servants when no longer capable of labouring as they have done.
The Lord often strengthens his people in their souls, when
nature is sinking into decay. And it is a debt which the old
disciples of Christ owe to succeeding generations, to leave
behind them a solemn testimony to the advantage of religion, and
the truth of God's promises; and especially to the everlasting
righteousness of the Redeemer. Assured of deliverance and
victory, let us spend our days, while waiting the approach of
death, in praising the Holy One of Israel with all our powers.
And while speaking of his righteousness, and singing his
praises, we shall rise above fears and infirmities, and have
earnests of the joys of heaven. The work of redemption ought,
above all God's works, to be spoken of by us in our praises. The
Lamb that was slain, and has redeemed us to God, is worthy of
all blessing and praise.
$-$-$- PS:72

* David begins with a prayer for Solomon. (1) He passes into a
prophecy of the glories of his reign, and of Christ's kingdom.
(2-17) Praise to God. (18-20)

#1 This psalm belongs to Solomon in part, but to Christ more
fully and clearly. Solomon was both the king and the king's son,
and his pious father desired that the wisdom of God might be in
him, that his reign might be a remembrance of the kingdom of the
Messiah. It is the prayer of a father for his child; a dying
blessing. The best we can ask of God for our children is, that
God would give them wisdom and grace to know and to do their
duty.

#2-17 This is a prophecy of the kingdom of Christ; many passages
in it cannot be applied to the reign of Solomon. There were
righteousness and peace at first in the administration of his
government; but, before the end of his reign, there were
troubles and unrighteousness. The kingdom here spoken of is to
last as long as the sun, but Solomon's was soon at an end. Even
the Jewish expositors understood it of the kingdom of the
Messiah. Observe many great and precious promises here made,
which were to have full accomplishment only in the kingdom of
Christ. As far as his kingdom is set up, discord and contentions
cease, in families, churches, and nations. The law of Christ,
written in the heart, disposes men to be honest and just, and to
render to all their due; it likewise disposes men to live in
love, and so produces abundance of peace. Holiness and love
shall be lasting in Christ's kingdom. Through all the changes of
the world, and all the changes of life, Christ's kingdom will
support itself. And he shall, by the graces and comforts of his
Spirit, come down like rain upon the mown grass; not on that cut
down, but that which is left growing, that it may spring again.
His gospel has been, or shall be, preached to all nations.
Though he needs not the services of any, yet he must be served
with the best. Those that have the wealth of this world, must
serve Christ with it, do good with it. Prayer shall be made
through him, or for his sake; whatever we ask of the Father,
should be in his name. Praises shall be offered to him: we are
under the highest obligations to him. Christ only shall be
feared throughout all generations. To the end of time, and to
eternity, his name shall be praised. All nations shall call HIM
blessed.

#18-20 We are taught to bless God in Christ, for all he has done
for us by him. David is earnest in prayer for the fulfilment of
this prophecy and promise. It is sad to think how empty the
earth is of the glory of God, how little service and honour he
has from a world to which he is so bountiful. May we, like
David, submit to Christ's authority, and partake of his
righteousness and peace. May we bless him for the wonders of
redeeming love. May we spend our days, and end our lives,
praying for the spread of his gospel.
$-$-$- PS:73

* The psalmist's temptation. (1-14) How he gained a victory over
it. (15-20) How he profited by it. (21-28)

#1-14 The psalmist was strongly tempted to envy the prosperity
of the wicked; a common temptation, which has tried the graces
of many saints. But he lays down the great principle by which he
resolved to abide. It is the goodness of God. This is a truth
which cannot be shaken. Good thoughts of God will fortify
against Satan's temptations. The faith even of strong believers
may be sorely shaken, and ready to fail. There are storms that
will try the firmest anchors. Foolish and wicked people have
sometimes a great share of outward prosperity. They seem to have
the least share of the troubles of this life; and they seem to
have the greatest share of its comforts. They live without the
fear of God, yet they prosper, and get on in the world. Wicked
men often spend their lives without much sickness, and end them
without great pain; while many godly persons scarcely know what
health is, and die with great sufferings. Often the wicked are
not frightened, either by the remembrance of their sins, or the
prospect of their misery, but they die without terror. We cannot
judge men's state beyond death, by what passes at their death.
He looked abroad, and saw many of God's people greatly at a
loss. Because the wicked are so very daring, therefore his
people return hither; they know not what to say to it, and the
rather, because they drink deep of the bitter cup of affliction.
He spoke feelingly when he spoke of his own troubles; there is
no disputing against sense, except by faith. From all this arose
a strong temptation to cast off religion. But let us learn that
the true course of sanctification consists in cleansing a man
from all pollution both of soul and body. The heart is cleansed
by the blood of Christ laid hold upon by faith; and by the begun
works of the Lord's Spirit, manifested in the hearty resolution,
purpose, and study of holiness, and a blameless course of life
and actions, the hands are cleansed. It is not in vain to serve
God and keep his ordinances.

#15-20 The psalmist having shown the progress of his temptation,
shows how faith and grace prevailed. He kept up respect for
God's people, and with that he restrained himself from speaking
what he had thought amiss. It is a sign that we repent of the
evil thoughts of the heart, if we suppress them. Nothing gives
more offence to God's children, than to say it is vain to serve
God; for there is nothing more contrary to their universal
experience. He prayed to God to make this matter plain to him;
and he understood the wretched end of wicked people; even in the
height of their prosperity they were but ripening for ruin. The
sanctuary must be the resort of a tempted soul. The righteous
man's afflictions end in peace, therefore he is happy; the
wicked man's enjoyments end in destruction, therefore he is
miserable. The prosperity of the wicked is short and uncertain,
slippery places. See what their prosperity is; it is but a vain
show, it is only a corrupt imagination, not substance, but a
mere shadow; it is as a dream, which may please us a little
while we are slumbering, yet even then it disturbs our repose.

#21-28 God would not suffer his people to be tempted, if his
grace were not sufficient, not only to save them from harm, but
to make them gainers by it. This temptation, the working of envy
and discontent, is very painful. In reflecting upon it, the
psalmist owns it was his folly and ignorance thus to vex
himself. If good men, at any time, through the surprise and
strength of temptation, think, or speak, or act amiss, they will
reflect upon it with sorrow and shame. We must ascribe our
safety in temptation, and our victory, not to our own wisdom,
but to the gracious presence of God with us, and Christ's
intercession for us. All who commit themselves to God, shall be
guided with the counsel both of his word and of his Spirit, the
best counsellors here, and shall be received to his glory in
another world; the believing hopes and prospects of which will
reconcile us to all dark providences. And the psalmist was
hereby quickened to cleave the closer to God. Heaven itself
could not make us happy without the presence and love of our
God. The world and all its glory vanishes. The body will fail by
sickness, age, and death; when the flesh fails, the conduct,
courage, and comfort fail. But Christ Jesus, our Lord, offers to
be all in all to every poor sinner, who renounces all other
portions and confidences. By sin we are all far from God. And a
profession Christ, if we go on in sin, will increase our
condemnation. May we draw near, and keep near, to our God, by
faith and prayer, and find it good to do so. Those that with an
upright heart put their trust in God, shall never want matter
for thanksgiving to him. Blessed Lord, who hast so graciously
promised to become our portion in the next world, prevent us
from choosing any other in this.
$-$-$- PS:74

* The desolations of the sanctuary. (1-11) Pleas for encouraging
faith. (12-17) Petitions for deliverances. (18-23)

#1-11 This psalm appears to describe the destruction of
Jerusalem and the temple by the Chaldeans. The deplorable case
of the people of God, at the time, is spread before the Lord,
and left with him. They plead the great things God had done for
them. If the deliverance of Israel out of Egypt was
encouragement to hope that he would not cast them off, much more
reason have we to believe, that God will not cast off any whom
Christ has redeemed with his own blood. Infidels and persecutors
may silence faithful ministers, and shut up places of worship,
and say they will destroy the people of God and their religion
together. For a long time they may prosper in these attempts,
and God's oppressed servants may see no prospect of deliverance;
but there is a remnant of believers, the seed of a future
harvest, and the despised church has survived those who once
triumphed over her. When the power of enemies is most
threatening, it is comfortable to flee to the power of God by
earnest prayer.

#12-17 The church silences her own complaints. What God had done
for his people, as their King of old, encouraged them to depend
on him. It was the Lord's doing, none besides could do it. This
providence was food to faith and hope, to support and encourage
in difficulties. The God of Israel is the God of nature. He that
is faithful to his covenant about the day and the night, will
never cast off those whom he has chosen. We have as much reason
to expect affliction, as to expect night and winter. But we have
no more reason to despair of the return of comfort, than to
despair of day and summer. And in the world above we shall have
no more changes.

#18-23 The psalmist begs that God would appear for the church
against their enemies. The folly of such as revile his gospel
and his servants will be plain to all. Let us call upon our God
to enlighten the dark nations of the earth; and to rescue his
people, that the poor and needy may praise his name. Blessed
Saviour, thou art the same yesterday, to-day, and for ever. Make
thy people more than conquerors. Be thou, Lord, all in all to
them in every situation and circumstances; for then thy poor and
needy people will praise thy name.
$-$-$- PS:75

* The psalmist declares his resolution of executing judgment.
(1-5) He rebukes the wicked, and concludes with resolutions to
praise God. (6-10)

#1-5 We often pray for mercy, when in pursuit of it; and shall
we only once or twice give thanks, when we obtain it? God shows
that he is nigh to us in what we call upon him for. Public
trusts are to be managed uprightly. This may well be applied to
Christ and his government. Man's sin threatened to destroy the
whole creation; but Christ saved the world from utter ruin. He
who is made of God to us wisdom, bids us be wise. To the proud,
daring sinners he says, Boast not of your power, persist not in
contempt. All the present hopes and future happiness of the
human race spring from the Son of God.

#6-10. No second causes will raise men to preferment without the
First Cause. It comes neither from the east, nor from the west,
nor from the south. He mentions not the north; the same word
that signifies the north, signifies the secret place; and from
the secret of God's counsel it does come. From God alone all
must receive their doom. There are mixtures of mercy and grace
in the cup of affliction, when it is put into the hands of God's
people; mixtures of the curse, when it is put into the hands of
the wicked. God's people have their share in common calamities,
but the dregs of the cup are for the wicked. The exaltation of
the Son of David will be the subject of the saints' everlasting
praises. Then let sinners submit to the King of righteousness,
and let believers rejoice in and obey him.
$-$-$- PS:76

* The psalmist speaks of God's power. (1-6) All have to fear and
to trust in him. (7-12)

#1-6 Happy people are those who have their land filled with the
knowledge of God! happy persons that have their hearts filled
with that knowledge! It is the glory and happiness of a people
to have God among them by his ordinances. Wherein the enemies of
the church deal proudly, it will appear that God is above them.
See the power of God's rebukes. With pleasure may Christians
apply this to the advantages bestowed by the Redeemer.

#7-12 God's people are the meek of the earth, the quiet in the
land, that suffer wrong, but do none. The righteous God seems to
keep silence long, yet, sooner or later, he will make judgment
to be heard. We live in an angry, provoking world; we often feel
much, and are apt to fear more, from the wrath of man. What will
not turn to his praise, shall not be suffered to break out. He
can set bounds to the wrath of man, as he does to the raging
sea; hitherto it shall come, and no further. Let all submit to
God. Our prayers and praises, and especially our hearts, are the
presents we should bring to the Lord. His name is glorious, and
he is the proper object of our fear. He shall cut off the spirit
of princes; he shall slip it off easily, as we slip off a flower
from the stalk, or a bunch of grapes from the vine; so the word
signifies. He can dispirit the most daring: since there is no
contending with God, it is our wisdom, as it is our duty, to
submit to him. Let us seek his favour as our portion, and commit
all our concerns to him.
$-$-$- PS:77

* The psalmist's troubles and temptation. (1-10) He encourages
himself by the remembrance of God's help of his people. (11-20)

#1-10 Days of trouble must be days of prayer; when God seems to
have withdrawn from us, we must seek him till we find him. In
the day of his trouble the psalmist did not seek for the
diversion of business or amusement, but he sought God, and his
favor and grace. Those that are under trouble of mind, must pray
it away. He pored upon the trouble; the methods that should have
relieved him did but increase his grief. When he remembered God,
it was only the Divine justice and wrath. His spirit was
overwhelmed, and sank under the load. But let not the
remembrance of the comforts we have lost, make us unthankful for
those that are left. Particularly he called to remembrance the
comforts with which he supported himself in former sorrows. Here
is the language of a sorrowful, deserted soul, walking in
darkness; a common case even among those that fear the Lord,
#Isa 50:10|. Nothing wounds and pierces like the thought of
God's being angry. God's own people, in a cloudy and dark day,
may be tempted to make wrong conclusions about their spiritual
state, and that of God's kingdom in the world. But we must not
give way to such fears. Let faith answer them from the
Scripture. The troubled fountain will work itself clear again;
and the recollection of former times of joyful experience often
raises a hope, tending to relief. Doubts and fears proceed from
the want and weakness of faith. Despondency and distrust under
affliction, are too often the infirmities of believers, and, as
such, are to be thought upon by us with sorrow and shame. When,
unbelief is working in us, we must thus suppress its risings.

#11-20 The remembrance of the works of God, will be a powerful
remedy against distrust of his promise and goodness; for he is
God, and changes not. God's way is in the sanctuary. We are sure
that God is holy in all his works. God's ways are like the deep
waters, which cannot be fathomed; like the way of a ship, which
cannot be tracked. God brought Israel out of Egypt. This was
typical of the great redemption to be wrought out in the fulness
of time, both by price and power. If we have harboured doubtful
thoughts, we should, without delay, turn our minds to meditate
on that God, who spared not his own Son, but delivered him up
for us all, that with him, he might freely give us all things.
$-$-$- PS:78

* Attention called for. (1-8) The history of Israel. (9-39)
Their settlement in Canaan. (40-55) The mercies of God to Israel
contrasted with their ingratitude. (56-72)

#1-8 These are called dark and deep sayings, because they are
carefully to be looked into. The law of God was given with a
particular charge to teach it diligently to their children, that
the church may abide for ever. Also, that the providences of
God, both in mercy and in judgment, might encourage them to
conform to the will of God. The works of God much strengthen our
resolution to keep his commandments. Hypocrisy is the high road
to apostacy; those that do not set their hearts right, will not
be stedfast with God. Many parents, by negligence and
wickedness, become murderers of their children. But young
persons, though they are bound to submit in all things lawful,
must not obey sinful orders, or copy sinful examples.

#9-39. Sin dispirits men, and takes away the heart.
Forgetfulness of God's works is the cause of disobedience to his
laws. This narrative relates a struggle between God's goodness
and man's badness. The Lord hears all our murmurings and
distrusts, and is much displeased. Those that will not believe
the power of God's mercy, shall feel the fire of his
indignation. Those cannot be said to trust in God's salvation as
their happiness at last, who can not trust his providence in the
way to it. To all that by faith and prayer, ask, seek, and
knock, these doors of heaven shall at any time be opened; and
our distrust of God is a great aggravation of our sins. He
expressed his resentment of their provocation; not in denying
what they sinfully lusted after, but in granting it to them.
Lust is contented with nothing. Those that indulge their lust,
will never be estranged from it. Those hearts are hard indeed,
that will neither be melted by the mercies of the Lord, nor
broken by his judgments. Those that sin still, must expect to be
in trouble still. And the reason why we live with so little
comfort, and to so little purpose, is, because we do not live by
faith. Under these rebukes they professed repentance, but they
were not sincere, for they were not constant. In Israel's
history we have a picture of our own hearts and lives. God's
patience, and warnings, and mercies, imbolden them to harden
their hearts against his word. And the history of kingdoms is
much the same. Judgments and mercies have been little attended
to, until the measure of their sins has been full. And higher
advantages have not kept churches from declining from the
commandments of God. Even true believers recollect, that for
many a year they abused the kindness of Providence. When they
come to heaven, how will they admire the Lord's patience and
mercy in bringing them to his kingdom!

#40-55. Let not those that receive mercy from God, be thereby
made bold to sin, for the mercies they receive will hasten its
punishment; yet let not those who are under Divine rebukes for
sin, be discouraged from repentance. The Holy One of Israel will
do what is most for his own glory, and what is most for their
good. Their forgetting former favours, led them to limit God for
the future. God made his own people to go forth like sheep; and
guided them in the wilderness, as a shepherd his flock, with all
care and tenderness. Thus the true Joshua, even Jesus, brings
his church out of the wilderness; but no earthly Canaan, no
worldly advantages, should make us forget that the church is in
the wilderness while in this world, and that there remaineth a
far more glorious rest for the people of God.

#56-72 After the Israelites were settled in Canaan, the children
were like their fathers. God gave them his testimonies, but they
turned back. Presumptuous sins render even Israelites hateful to
God's holiness, and exposed to his justice. Those whom the Lord
forsakes become an easy prey to the destroyer. And sooner or
later, God will disgrace his enemies. He set a good government
over his people; a monarch after his own heart. With good reason
does the psalmist make this finishing, crowning instance of
God's favour to Israel; for David was a type of Christ, the
great and good Shepherd, who was humbled first, and then
exalted; and of whom it was foretold, that he should be filled
with the Spirit of wisdom and understanding. On the uprightness
of his heart, and the skilfulness of his hands, all his subjects
may rely; and of the increase of his government and peace there
shall be no end. Every trial of human nature hitherto, confirms
the testimony of Scripture, that the heart is deceitful above
all things, and desperately wicked, and nothing but being
created anew by the Holy Ghost can cure the ungodliness of any.
$-$-$- PS:79

* The deplorable condition of the people of God. (1-5) A
petition for relief. (6-13)

#1-5 God is complained to: whither should children go but to a
Father able and willing to help them? See what a change sin made
in the holy city, when the heathen were suffered to pour in upon
them. God's own people defiled it by their sins, therefore he
suffered their enemies to defile it by their insolence. They
desired that God would be reconciled. Those who desire God's
favour as better than life, cannot but dread his wrath as worse
than death. In every affliction we should first beseech the Lord
to cleanse away the guilt of our sins; then he will visit us
with his tender mercies.

#6-13 Those who persist in ignorance of God, and neglect of
prayer, are the ungodly. How unrighteous soever men were, the
Lord was righteous in permitting them to do what they did.
Deliverances from trouble are mercies indeed, when grounded upon
the pardon of sin; we should therefore be more earnest in prayer
for the removal of our sins than for the removal of afflictions.
They had no hopes but from God's mercies, his tender mercies.
They plead no merit, they pretend to none, but, Help us for the
glory of thy name; pardon us for thy name's sake. The Christian
forgets not that he is often bound in the chain of his sins. The
world to him is a prison; sentence of death is passed upon him,
and he knows not how soon it may be executed. How fervently
should he at all times pray, O let the sighing of a prisoner
come before thee, according to the greatness of thy power
preserve thou those that are appointed to die! How glorious will
the day be, when, triumphant over sin and sorrow, the church
beholds the adversary disarmed for ever! while that church
shall, from age to age, sing the praises of her great Shepherd
and Bishop, her King and her God.
$-$-$- PS:80

* The psalmist complains of the miseries of the church. (1-7)
Its former prosperity and present desolation. (8-16) A prayer
for mercy. (17-19)

#1-7 He that dwelleth upon the mercy-seat, is the good Shepherd
of his people. But we can neither expect the comfort of his
love, nor the protection of his arm, unless we partake of his
converting grace. If he is really angry at the prayers of his
people, it is because, although they pray, their ends are not
right, or there is some secret sin indulged in them, or he will
try their patience and perseverance in prayer. When God is
displeased with his people, we must expect to see them in tears,
and their enemies in triumph. There is no salvation but from
God's favour; there is no conversion to God but by his own
grace.

#8-16 The church is represented as a vine and a vineyard. The
root of this vine is Christ, the branches are believers. The
church is like a vine, needing support, but spreading and
fruitful. If a vine do not bring forth fruit, no tree is so
worthless. And are not we planted as in a well-cultivated
garden, with every means of being fruitful in works of
righteousness? But the useless leaves of profession, and the
empty boughs of notions and forms, abound far more than real
piety. It was wasted and ruined. There was a good reason for
this change in God's way toward them. And it is well or ill with
us, according as we are under God's smiles or frowns. When we
consider the state of the purest part of the visible church, we
cannot wonder that it is visited with sharp corrections. They
request that God would help the vine. Lord, it is formed by
thyself, and for thyself, therefore it may, with humble
confidence, be committed to thyself.

#17-19 The Messiah, the Protector and Saviour of the church, is
the Man of God's right hand; he is the Arm of the Lord, for all
power is given to him. In him is our strength, by which we are
enabled to persevere to the end. The vine, therefore, cannot be
ruined, nor can any fruitful branch perish; but the unfruitful
will be cut off and cast into the fire. The end of our
redemption is, that we should serve Him who hath redeemed us,
and not go back to our old sins.
$-$-$- PS:81

* God is praised for what he has done for his people. (1-7)
Their obligations to him. (8-16)

#1-7 All the worship we can render to the Lord is beneath his
excellences, and our obligations to him, especially in our
redemption from sin and wrath. What God had done on Israel's
behalf, was kept in remembrance by public solemnities. To make a
deliverance appear more gracious, more glorious, it is good to
observe all that makes the trouble we are delivered from appear
more grievous. We ought never to forget the base and ruinous
drudgery to which Satan, our oppressor, brought us. But when, in
distress of conscience, we are led to cry for deliverance, the
Lord answers our prayers, and sets us at liberty. Convictions of
sin, and trials by affliction, prove his regard to his people.
If the Jews, on their solemn feast-days, were thus to call to
mind their redemption out of Egypt, much more ought we, on the
Christian sabbath, to call to mind a more glorious redemption,
wrought out for us by our Lord Jesus Christ, from worse bondage.

#8-16 We cannot look for too little from the creature, nor too
much from the Creator. We may have enough from God, if we pray
for it in faith. All the wickedness of the world is owing to
man's wilfulness. People are not religious, because they will
not be so. God is not the Author of their sin, he leaves them to
the lusts of their own hearts, and the counsels of their own
heads; if they do not well, the blame must be upon themselves.
The Lord is unwilling that any should perish. What enemies
sinners are to themselves! It is sin that makes our troubles
long, and our salvation slow. Upon the same conditions of faith
and obedience, do Christians hold those spiritual and eternal
good things, which the pleasant fields and fertile hills of
Canaan showed forth. Christ is the Bread of life; he is the Rock
of salvation, and his promises are as honey to pious minds. But
those who reject him as their Lord and Master, must also lose
him as their Saviour and their reward.
$-$-$- PS:82

* An exhortation to judges. (1-5) The doom of evil rulers. (6-8)

#1-5 Magistrates are the mighty in authority for the public
good. Magistrates are the ministers of God's providence, for
keeping up order and peace, and particularly in punishing
evil-doers, and protecting those that do well. Good princes and
good judges, who mean well, are under Divine direction; and bad
ones, who mean ill, are under Divine restraint. The authority of
God is to be submitted to, in those governors whom his
providence places over us. But when justice is turned from what
is right, no good can be expected. The evil actions of public
persons are public mischiefs.

#6-8 It is hard for men to have honour put upon them, and not to
be proud of it. But all the rulers of the earth shall die, and
all their honour shall be laid in the dust. God governs the
world. There is a righteous God to whom we may go, and on whom
we may depend. This also has respect to the kingdom of the
Messiah. Considering the state of affairs in the world, we have
need to pray that the Lord Jesus would speedily rule over all
nations, in truth, righteousness, and peace.
$-$-$- PS:83

* The designs of the enemies of Israel. (1-8) Earnest prayer for
their defeat. (9-18)

#1-8 Sometimes God seems not to be concerned at the unjust
treatment of his people. But then we may call upon him, as the
psalmist here. All wicked people are God's enemies, especially
wicked persecutors. The Lord's people are his hidden one; the
world knows them not. He takes them under his special
protection. Do the enemies of the church act with one consent to
destroy it, and shall not the friends of the church be united?
Wicked men wish that there might be no religion among mankind.
They would gladly see all its restraints shaken off, and all
that preach, profess, or practise it, cut off. This they would
bring to pass if it were in their power. The enemies of God's
church have always been many: this magnifies the power of the
Lord in preserving to himself a church in the world.

#9-18 All who oppose the kingdom of Christ may here read their
doom. God is the same still that ever he was; the same to his
people, and the same against his and their enemies. God would
make their enemies like a wheel; unsettled in all their counsels
and resolves. Not only let them be driven away as stubble, but
burnt as stubble. And this will be the end of wicked men. Let
them be made to fear thy name, and perhaps that will bring them
to seek thy name. We should desire no confusion to our enemies
and persecutors but what may forward their conversion. The
stormy tempest of Divine vengeance will overtake them, unless
they repent and seek the pardoning mercy of their offended Lord.
God's triumphs over his enemies, clearly prove that he is,
according to his name JEHOVAH, an almighty Being, who has all
power and perfection in himself. May we fear his wrath, and
yield ourselves to be his willing servants. And let us seek
deliverance by the destruction of our fleshly lusts, which war
against the soul.
$-$-$- PS:84

* The psalmist expresses his affection to the ordinances of God.
(1-7) His desire towards the God of the ordinances. (8-12)

#1-7 The ordinances of God are the believer's solace in this
evil world; in them he enjoys the presence of the living God:
this causes him to regret his absence from them. They are to his
soul as the nest to the bird. Yet they are only an earnest of
the happiness of heaven; but how can men desire to enter that
holy habitation, who complain of Divine ordinances as wearisome?
Those are truly happy, who go forth, and go on in the exercise
of religion, in the strength of the grace of Jesus Christ, from
whom all our sufficiency is. The pilgrims to the heavenly city
may have to pass through many a valley of weeping, and many a
thirsty desert; but wells of salvation shall be opened for them,
and consolations sent for their support. Those that press
forward in their Christian course, shall find God add grace to
their graces. And those who grow in grace, shall be perfect in
glory.

#8-12 In all our addresses to God, we must desire that he would
look on Christ, his Anointed One, and accept us for his sake: we
must look to Him with faith, and then God will with favour look
upon the face of the Anointed: we, without him, dare not show
our faces. The psalmist pleads love to God's ordinances. Let us
account one day in God's courts better than a thousand spent
elsewhere; and deem the meanest place in his service preferable
to the highest earthly preferment. We are here in darkness, but
if God be our God, he will be to us a Sun, to enlighten and
enliven us, to guide and direct us. We are here in danger, but
he will be to us a Shield, to secure us from the fiery darts
that fly thick about us. Through he has not promised to give
riches and dignities, he has promised to give grace and glory to
all that seek them in his appointed way. And what is grace, but
heaven begun below, in the knowledge, love, and service of God?
What is glory, but the completion of this happiness, in being
made like to him, and in fully enjoying him for ever? Let it be
our care to walk uprightly, and then let us trust God to give us
every thing that is good for us. If we cannot go to the house of
the Lord, we may go by faith to the Lord of the house; in him we
shall be happy, and may be easy. That man is really happy,
whatever his outward circumstances may be, who trusts in the
Lord of hosts, the God of Jacob.
$-$-$- PS:85

* Prayers for the continuance of former mercies. (1-7) Trust in
God's goodness. (8-13)

#1-7 The sense of present afflictions should not do away the
remembrance of former mercies. The favour of God is the fountain
of happiness to nations, as well as to particular persons. When
God forgives sin, he covers it; and when he covers the sin of
his people, he covers it all. See what the pardon of sin is. In
compassion to us, when Christ our Intercessor has stood before
thee, thou hast turned away thine anger. When we are reconciled
to God, then, and not till then, we may expect the comfort of
his being reconciled to us. He shows mercy to those to whom he
grants salvation; for salvation is of mere mercy. The Lord's
people may expect sharp and tedious afflictions when they commit
sin; but when they return to him with humble prayer, he will
make them again to rejoice in him.

#8-13 Sooner or later, God will speak peace to his people. If he
do not command outward peace, yet he will suggest inward peace;
speaking to their hearts by his Spirit. Peace is spoken only to
those who turn from sin. All sin is folly, especially
backsliding; it is the greatest folly to return to sin. Surely
God's salvation is nigh, whatever our difficulties and
distresses are. Also, his honour is secured, that glory may
dwell in our land. And the truth of the promises is shown by the
Divine mercy in sending the Redeemer. The Divine justice is now
satisfied by the great atonement. Christ, the way, truth, and
life, sprang out of the earth when he took our nature upon him,
and Divine justice looked upon him well pleased and satisfied.
For his sake all good things, especially his Holy Spirit, are
given to those who ask him. Through Christ, the pardoned sinner
becomes fruitful in good works, and by looking to and trusting
in the Saviour's righteousness, finds his feet set in the way of
his steps. Righteousness is a sure guide, both in meeting God,
and in following him
$-$-$- PS:86

* The psalmist pleads his earnestness, and the mercy of God, as
reasons why his prayer should be heard. (1-7) He renews his
requests for help and comfort. (8-17)

#1-7 Our poverty and wretchedness, when felt, powerfully plead
in our behalf at the throne of grace. The best self-preservation
is to commit ourselves to God's keeping. I am one whom thou
favourest, hast set apart for thyself, and made partaker of
sanctifying grace. It is a great encouragement to prayer, to
feel that we have received the converting grace of God, have
learned to trust in him, and to be his servants. We may expect
comfort from God, when we keep up our communion with God. God's
goodness appears in two things, in giving and forgiving.
Whatever others do, let us call upon God, and commit our case to
him; we shall not seek in vain.

#8-17 Our God alone possesses almighty power and infinite love.
Christ is the way and the truth. And the believing soul will be
more desirous to be taught the way and the truth. And the
believing soul will be more desirous to be taught the way and
the truth of God, in order to walk therein, than to be delivered
out of earthly distress. Those who set not the Lord before them,
seek after believers' souls; but the compassion, mercy, and
truth of God, will be their refuge and consolation. And those
whose parents were the servants of the Lord, may urge this as a
plea why he should hear and help them. In considering David's
experience, and that of the believer, we must not lose sight of
Him, who though he was rich, for our sakes became poor, that we
through his poverty might be rich.
$-$-$- PS:87

* The glory of the church. (1-3) It is filled with the Divine
blessing. (4-7)

#1-3 Christ himself is the Foundation of the church, which God
has laid. Holiness is the strength and firmness of the church.
Let us not be ashamed of the church of Christ in its meanest
condition, nor of those that belong to it, since such glorious
things are spoken of it. Other foundation can no man lay than
that is laid, even Jesus Christ. The glorious things spoken of
Zion by the Spirit, were all typical of Christ, and his work and
offices; of the gospel church, its privileges and members; of
heaven, its glory and perfect happiness.

#4-7 The church of Christ is more glorious and excellent than
the nations of the earth. In the records of heaven, the meanest
of those who are born again stand registered. When God renders
to every man according to his works, he shall observe who
enjoyed the privileges of his sanctuary. To them much was given,
and of them much will be required. Let those that dwell in Zion,
mark this, and live up to their profession. Zion's songs shall
be sung with joy and triumph. The springs of the joy of a carnal
worldling are in wealth and pleasure; but of a gracious soul, in
the word of God and prayer. All grace and consolation are
derived from Christ, through his ordinances, to the souls of
believers.
$-$-$- PS:88

* The psalmist pours out his soul to God in lamentation. (1-9)
He wrestles by faith, in his prayer to God for comfort. (10-18)

#1-9 The first words of the psalmist are the only words of
comfort and support in this psalm. Thus greatly may good men be
afflicted, and such dismal thoughts may they have about their
afflictions, and such dark conclusion may they make about their
end, through the power of melancholy and the weakness of faith.
He complained most of God's displeasure. Even the children of
God's love may sometimes think themselves children of wrath and
no outward trouble can be so hard upon them as that. Probably
the psalmist described his own case, yet he leads to Christ.
Thus are we called to look unto Jesus, wounded and bruised for
our iniquities. But the wrath of God poured the greatest
bitterness into his cup. This weighed him down into darkness and
the deep.

#10-18 Departed souls may declare God's faithfulness, justice,
and lovingkindness; but deceased bodies can neither receive
God's favours in comfort, nor return them in praise. The
psalmist resolved to continue in prayer, and the more so,
because deliverance did not come speedily. Though our prayers
are not soon answered, yet we must not give over praying. The
greater our troubles, the more earnest and serious we should be
in prayer. Nothing grieves a child of God so much as losing
sight of him; nor is there any thing he so much dreads as God's
casting off his soul. If the sun be clouded, that darkens the
earth; but if the sun should leave the earth, what a dungeon
would it be! Even those designed for God's favours, may for a
time suffer his terrors. See how deep those terrors wounded the
psalmist. If friends are put far from us by providences, or
death, we have reason to look upon it as affliction. Such was
the calamitous state of a good man. But the pleas here used were
peculiarly suited to Christ. And we are not to think that the
holy Jesus suffered for us only at Gethsemane and on Calvary.
His whole life was labour and sorrow; he was afflicted as never
man was, from his youth up. He was prepared for that death of
which he tasted through life. No man could share in the
sufferings by which other men were to be redeemed. All forsook
him, and fled. Oftentimes, blessed Jesus, do we forsake thee;
but do not forsake us, O take not thy Holy Spirit from us.
$-$-$- PS:89

* God's mercy and truth, and his covenant. (1-4) The glory and
perfection of God. (5-14) The happiness of those in communion
with him. (15-18) God's covenant with David, as a type of
Christ. (19-37) A calamitous state lamented, Prayer for redress.
(38-52)

#1-4 Though our expectations may be disappointed, yet God's
promises are established in the heavens, in his eternal
counsels; they are out of the reach of opposers in hell and
earth. And faith in the boundless mercy and everlasting truth of
God, may bring comfort even in the deepest trials.

#5-14 The more God's works are known, the more they are admired.
And to praise the Lord, is to acknowledge him to be such a one
that there is none like him. Surely then we should feel and
express reverence when we worship God. But how little of this
appears in our congregations, and how much cause have we to
humble ourselves on this account! That almighty power which
smote Egypt, will scatter the enemies of the church, while all
who trust in God's mercy will rejoice in his name; for mercy and
truth direct all he does. His counsels from eternity, and their
consequences to eternity, are all justice and judgment.

#15-18 Happy are those who so know the joyful sound of the
gospel as to obey it; who experience its power upon their
hearts, and bring forth the fruit of it in their lives. Though
believers are nothing in themselves, yet having all in Christ
Jesus, they may rejoice in his name. May the Lord enable us to
do so. The joy of the Lord is the strength of his people;
whereas unbelief dispirits ourselves and discourages others.
Though it steals upon us under a semblance of humility, yet it
is the very essence of pride. Christ is the Holy One of Israel;
and in him was that peculiar people more blessed than in any
other blessing.

#19-37 The Lord anointed David with the holy oil, not only as an
emblem of the graces and gifts he received, but as a type of
Christ, the King Priest, and Prophet, anointed with the Holy
Ghost without measure. David after his anointing, was
persecuted, but none could gain advantage against him. Yet all
this was a faint shadow of the Redeemer's sufferings,
deliverance, glory, and authority, in whom alone these
predictions and promises are fully brought to pass. He is the
mighty God. This is the Redeemer appointed for us, who alone is
able to complete the work of our salvation. Let us seek an
interest in these blessings, by the witness of the Holy Spirit
in our hearts. As the Lord corrected the posterity of David for
their transgressions, so his people shall be corrected for their
sins. Yet it is but a rod, not a sword; it is to correct, not to
destroy. It is a rod in the hand of God, who is wise, and knows
what he does; gracious, and will do what is best. It is a rod
which they shall never feel, but when there is need. As the sun
and moon remain in heaven, whatever changes there seem to be in
them, and again appear in due season; so the covenant of grace
made in Christ, whatever alteration seems to come to it, should
not be questioned.

#38-52 Sometimes it is not easy to reconcile God's providences
with his promises, yet we are sure that God's works fulfil his
word. When the great Anointed One, Christ himself, was upon the
cross, God seemed to have cast him off, yet did not make void
his covenant, for that was established for ever. The honour of
the house of David was lost. Thrones and crowns are often laid
in the dust; but there is a crown of glory reserved for Christ's
spiritual seed, which fadeth not away. From all this complaint
learn what work sin makes with families, noble families, with
families in which religion has appeared. They plead with God for
mercy. God's unchangeableness and faithfulness assure us that He
will not cast off those whom he has chosen and covenanted with.
They were reproached for serving him. The scoffers of the latter
days, in like manner, reproach the footsteps of the Messiah when
they ask, Where is the promise of his coming? #2Pe 3:3,4|. The
records of the Lord's dealings with the family of David, show us
his dealings with his church, and with believers. Their
afflictions and distresses may be grievous, but he will not
finally cast them off. Self-deceivers abuse this doctrine, and
others by a careless walk bring themselves into darkness and
distress; yet let the true believer rely on it for encouragement
in the path of duty, and in bearing the cross. The psalm ends
with praise, even after this sad complaint. Those who give God
thanks for what he has done, may give him thanks for what he
will do. God will follow those with his mercies, who follow him
with praises.
$-$-$- PS:90

* The eternity of God, the frailty of man. (1-6) Submission to
Divine chastisements. (7-11) Prayer for mercy and grace. (12-17)

#1-6 It is supposed that this psalm refers to the sentence
passed on Israel in the wilderness, #Nu 14|. The favour and
protection of God are the only sure rest and comfort of the soul
in this evil world. Christ Jesus is the refuge and
dwelling-place to which we may repair. We are dying creatures,
all our comforts in the world are dying comforts, but God is an
ever-living God, and believers find him so. When God, by
sickness, or other afflictions, turns men to destruction, he
thereby calls men to return unto him to repent of their sins,
and live a new life. A thousand years are nothing to God's
eternity: between a minute and a million of years there is some
proportion; between time and eternity there is none. All the
events of a thousand years, whether past or to come, are more
present to the Eternal Mind, than what was done in the last hour
is to us. And in the resurrection, the body and soul shall both
return and be united again. Time passes unobserved by us, as
with men asleep; and when it is past, it is as nothing. It is a
short and quickly-passing life, as the waters of a flood. Man
does but flourish as the grass, which, when the winter of old
age comes, will wither; but he may be mown down by disease or
disaster.

#7-11 The afflictions of the saints often come from God's love;
but the rebukes of sinners, and of believers for their sins,
must be seen coming from the displeasure of God. Secret sins are
known to God, and shall be reckoned for. See the folly of those
who go about to cover their sins, for they cannot do so. Our
years, when gone, can no more be recalled than the words that we
have spoken. Our whole life is toilsome and troublesome; and
perhaps, in the midst of the years we count upon, it is cut off.
We are taught by all this to stand in awe. The angels that
sinned know the power of God's anger; sinners in hell know it;
but which of us can fully describe it? Few seriously consider it
as they ought. Those who make a mock at sin, and make light of
Christ, surely do not know the power of God's anger. Who among
us can dwell with that devouring fire?

#12-17 Those who would learn true wisdom, must pray for Divine
instruction, must beg to be taught by the Holy Spirit; and for
comfort and joy in the returns of God's favour. They pray for
the mercy of God, for they pretend not to plead any merit of
their own. His favour would be a full fountain of future joys.
It would be a sufficient balance to former griefs. Let the grace
of God in us produce the light of good works. And let Divine
consolations put gladness into our hearts, and a lustre upon our
countenances. The work of our hands, establish thou it; and, in
order to that, establish us in it. Instead of wasting our
precious, fleeting days in pursuing fancies, which leave the
possessors for ever poor, let us seek the forgiveness of sins,
and an inheritance in heaven. Let us pray that the work of the
Holy Spirit may appear in converting our hearts, and that the
beauty of holiness may be seen in our conduct.
$-$-$- PS:91

* The safety of those who have God for their refuge. (1-8) Their
favour with Him. (9-16)

#1-8 He that by faith chooses God for his protector, shall find
all in him that he needs or can desire. And those who have found
the comfort of making the Lord their refuge, cannot but desire
that others may do so. The spiritual life is protected by Divine
grace from the temptations of Satan, which are as the snares of
the fowler, and from the contagion of sin, which is a noisome
pestilence. Great security is promised to believers in the midst
of danger. Wisdom shall keep them from being afraid without
cause, and faith shall keep them from being unduly afraid.
Whatever is done, our heavenly Father's will is done; and we
have no reason to fear. God's people shall see, not only God's
promises fulfilled, but his threatenings. Then let sinners come
unto the Lord upon his mercy-seat, through the Redeemer's name;
and encourage others to trust in him also.

#9-16 Whatever happens, nothing shall hurt the believer; though
trouble and affliction befal, it shall come, not for his hurt,
but for good, though for the present it be not joyous but
grievous. Those who rightly know God, will set their love upon
him. They by prayer constantly call upon him. His promise is,
that he will in due time deliver the believer out of trouble,
and in the mean time be with him in trouble. The Lord will
manage all his worldly concerns, and preserve his life on earth,
so long as it shall be good for him. For encouragement in this
he looks unto Jesus. He shall live long enough; till he has done
the work he was sent into this world for, and is ready for
heaven. Who would wish to live a day longer than God has some
work to do, either by him or upon him? A man may die young, yet
be satisfied with living. But a wicked man is not satisfied even
with long life. At length the believer's conflict ends; he has
done for ever with trouble, sin, and temptation.
$-$-$- PS:92

* Praise is the business of the sabbath. (1-6) The wicked shall
perish, but God's people shall be exalted. (7-15)

#1-6 It is a privilege that we are admitted to praise the Lord,
and hope to be accepted in the morning, and every night; not
only on sabbath days, but every day; not only in public, but in
private, and in our families. Let us give thanks every morning
for the mercies of the night, and every night for the mercies of
the day; going out, and coming in, let us bless God. As He makes
us glad, through the works of his providence for us, and of his
grace in us, and both through the great work of redemption, let
us hence be encouraged. As there are many who know not the
designs of Providence, nor care to know them, those who through
grace do so, have the more reason to be thankful. And if distant
views of the great Deliverer so animated believers of old, how
should we abound in love and praise!

#7-15 God sometimes grants prosperity to wicked men in
displeasure; yet they flourish but for a moment. Let us seek for
ourselves the salvation and grace of the gospel, that being
daily anointed by the Holy Spirit, we may behold and share the
Redeemer's glory. It is from his grace, by his word and Spirit,
that believers receive all the virtue that keeps them alive, and
makes them fruitful. Other trees, when old, leave off bearing,
but in God's trees the strength of grace does not fail with the
strength of nature. The last days of the saints are sometimes
their best days, and their last work their best work:
perseverance is sure evidence of sincerity. And may every
sabbath, while it shows forth the Divine faithfulness, find our
souls resting more and more upon the Lord our righteousness.
$-$-$- PS:93

* The majesty, power, and holiness of Christ's kingdom.

- The Lord might have displayed only his justice, holiness, and
awful power, in his dealings with fallen men; but he has been
pleased to display the riches of his mercy, and the power of his
renewing grace. In this great work, the Father has given all
power to his Son, the Lord from heaven, who has made atonement
for our sins. He not only can pardon, but deliver and protect
all who trust in him. His word is past, and all the saints may
rely upon it. Whatever was foretold concerning the kingdom of
the Messiah, must be fulfilled in due time. All his people ought
to be very strictly pure. God's church is his house; it is a
holy house, cleansed from sin, and employed in his service.
Where there is purity, there shall be peace. Let all carefully
look if this kingdom is set up in their hearts.
$-$-$- PS:94

* The danger and folly of persecutors. (1-11) Comfort and peace
to the persecuted. (12-23)

#1-11 We may with boldness appeal to God; for he is the almighty
Judge by whom every man is judged. Let this encourage those who
suffer wrong, to bear it with silence, committing themselves to
Him who judges righteously. These prayers are prophecies, which
speak terror to the sons of violence. There will come a day of
reckoning for all the hard speeches which ungodly sinners have
spoken against God, his truths, and ways, and people. It would
hardly be believed, if we did not witness it, that millions of
rational creatures should live, move, speak, hear, understand,
and do what they purpose, yet act as if they believed that God
would not punish the abuse of his gifts. As all knowledge is
from God, no doubt he knows all the thoughts of the children of
men, and knows that the imaginations of the thoughts of men's
hearts are only evil, and that continually. Even in good
thoughts there is a want of being fixed, which may be called
vanity. It concerns us to keep a strict watch over our thoughts,
because God takes particular notice of them. Thoughts are words
to God.

#12-23 That man is blessed, who, under the chastening of the
Lord, is taught his will and his truths, from his holy word, and
by the Holy Spirit. He should see mercy through his sufferings.
There is a rest remaining for the people of God after the days
of their adversity, which shall not last always. He that sends
the trouble, will send the rest. The psalmist found succour and
relief only in the Lord, when all earthly friends failed. We are
beholden, not only to God's power, but to his pity, for
spiritual supports; and if we have been kept from falling into
sin, or shrinking from our duty, we should give him the glory,
and encourage our brethren. The psalmist had many troubled
thoughts concerning the case he was in, concerning the course he
should take, and what was likely to be the end of it. The
indulgence of such contrivances and fears, adds to care and
distrust, and renders our views more gloomy and confused. Good
men sometimes have perplexed and distressed thoughts concerning
God. But let them look to the great and precious promises of the
gospel. The world's comforts give little delight to the soul,
when hurried with melancholy thoughts; but God's comforts bring
that peace and pleasure which the smiles of the world cannot
give, and which the frowns of the world cannot take away. God is
his people's Refuge, to whom they may flee, in whom they are
safe, and may be secure. And he will reckon with the wicked. A
man cannot be more miserable than his own wickedness will make
him, if the Lord visit it upon him.
$-$-$- PS:95

* part. An exhortation to praise God. (1-7) A warning not to
tempt Him. (7-11)

#1-7 Whenever we come into God's presence, we must come with
thanksgiving. The Lord is to be praised; we do not want matter,
it were well if we did not want a heart. How great is that God,
whose the whole earth is, and the fulness thereof; who directs
and disposes of all!, The Lord Jesus, whom we are here taught to
praise, is a great God; the mighty God is one of his titles, and
God over all, blessed for evermore. To him all power is given,
both in heaven and earth. He is our God, and we should praise
him. He is our Saviour, and the Author of our blessedness. The
gospel church is his flock, Christ is the great and good
Shepherd of believers; he sought them when lost, and brought
them to his fold.

#7-11 Christ calls upon his people to hear his voice. You call
him Master, or Lord; then be his willing, obedient people. Hear
the voice of his doctrine, of his law, and in both, of his
Spirit: hear and heed; hear and yield. Christ's voice must be
heard to-day. This day of opportunity will not last always;
improve it while it is called to-day. Hearing the voice of
Christ is the same with believing. Hardness of heart is at the
bottom of all distrust of the Lord. The sins of others ought to
be warnings to us not to tread in their steps. The murmurings of
Israel were written for our admonition. God is not subject to
such passions as we are; but he is very angry at sin and
sinners. That certainly is evil, which deserves such a
recompence; and his threatenings are as sure as his promises.
Let us be aware of the evils of our hearts, which lead us to
wander from the Lord. There is a rest ordained for believers,
the rest of everlasting refreshment, begun in this life, and
perfected in the life to come. This is the rest which God calls
his rest.
$-$-$- PS:96

* A call to all people to praise God. (1-9) God's government and
judgment. (10-13)

#1-9 When Christ finished his work on earth, and was received
into his glory in heaven, the church began to sing a new song
unto him, and to bless his name. His apostles and evangelists
showed forth his salvation among the heathen, his wonders among
all people. All the earth is here summoned to worship the Lord.
We must worship him in the beauty of holiness, as God in Christ,
reconciling the world unto himself. Glorious things are said of
him, both as motives to praise and matter of praise.

#10-13 We are to hope and pray for that time, when Christ shall
reign in righteousness over all nations. He shall rule in the
hearts of men, by the power of truth, and the Spirit of
righteousness. His coming draws nigh; this King, this Judge
standeth before the door, but he is not yet come. The Lord will
accept the praises of all who seek to promote the kingdom of
Christ. The sea can but roar, and how the trees of the wood can
show that they rejoice we know not; but He that searches the
heart knows what is the mind of the Spirit, and understands the
words, the broken language of the weakest. Christ will come to
judge the earth, to execute just vengeance on his enemies, and
to fulfil his largest promises to his people. What then are we?
Would that day be welcome to us? If this be not our case, let us
now begin to prepare to meet our God, by seeking the pardon of
our sins, and the renewal of our souls to holiness.
$-$-$- PS:97

* The Lord Jesus reigns in power that cannot be resisted. (1-7)
His care of his people, and his provision for them. (8-12)

#1-7 Though many have been made happy in Christ, still there is
room. And all have reason to rejoice in Christ's government.
There is a depth in his counsels, which we must not pretend to
fathom; but still righteousness and judgment are the habitation
of his throne. Christ's government, though it might be matter of
joy to all, will yet be matter of terror to some; but it is
their own fault that it is so. The most resolute and daring
opposition will be baffled at the presence of the Lord. And the
Lord Jesus will ere long come, and put an end to idol worship of
every kind.

#8-12 The faithful servants of God may well rejoice and be glad,
because he is glorified; and whatever tends to his honour, is
his people's pleasure. Care is taken for their safety. But
something more is meant than their lives. The Lord will preserve
the souls of his saints from sin, from apostacy, and despair,
under their greatest trials. He will deliver them out of the
hands of the wicked one, and preserve them safe to his heavenly
kingdom. And those that rejoice in Christ Jesus, and in his
exaltation, have fountains of joy prepared for them. Those that
sow in tears, shall reap in joy. Gladness is sure to the upright
in heart; the joy of the hypocrite is but for a moment. Sinners
tremble, but saints rejoice at God's holiness. As he hates sin,
yet freely loves the person of the repentant sinner who believes
in Christ, he will make a final separation between the person he
loves and the sin he hates, and sanctify his people wholly,
body, soul, and spirit.
$-$-$- PS:98

* The glory of the Redeemer. (1-3) The joy of the Redeemer.
(4-9)

#1-3 A song of praise for redeeming love is a new song, a
mystery hidden from ages and generations. Converts sing a new
song, very different from what they had sung. If the grace of
God put a new heart into our breasts, it will put a new song
into our mouths. Let this new song be sung to the praise of God,
in consideration of the wonders he has wrought. The Redeemer has
overcome all difficulties in the way of our redemption, and was
not discouraged by the services or sufferings appointed him. Let
us praise him for the discoveries made to the world of the work
of redemption; his salvation and his righteousness fulfilling
the prophecies and promises of the Old Testament. In pursuance
of this design, God raised up his Son Jesus to be not only a
Light to lighten the Gentiles, but the glory of his people
Israel. Surely it behoves us to inquire whether his holy arm
hath gotten the victory in our hearts, over the power of Satan,
unbelief, and sin? If this be our happy case, we shall exchange
all light songs of vanity for songs of joy and thanksgiving; our
lives will celebrate the Redeemer's praise.

#4-9 Let all the children of men rejoice in the setting up the
kingdom of Christ, for all may benefit by it. The different
orders of rational creatures in the universe, seem to be
described in figurative language in the reign of the great
Messiah. The kingdom of Christ will be a blessing to the whole
creation. We expect his second coming to begin his glorious
reign. Then shall heaven and earth rejoice, and the joy of the
redeemed shall be full. But sin and its dreadful effects will
not be utterly done away, till the Lord come to judge the world
in righteousness. Seeing then that we look for such things, let
us give diligence that we may be found of him in peace, without
spot, and blameless.
$-$-$- PS:99

* The happy government God's people are under. (1-5) Its happy
administration. (6-9)

#1-5 God governs the world by his providence, governs the church
by his grace, and both by his Son. The inhabitants of the earth
have cause to tremble, but the Redeemer still waits to be
gracious. Let all who hear, take warning, and seek his mercy.
The more we humble ourselves before God, the more we exalt him;
and let us be thus reverent, for he is holy.

#6-9 The happiness of Israel is made out by referring to the
most useful governors of that people. They in every thing made
God's word and law their rule, knowing that they could not else
expect that their prayers should be answered. They all
wonderfully prevailed with God in prayer; miracles were wrought
at their request. They pleaded for the people, and obtained
answers of peace. Our Prophet and High Priest, of infinitely
greater dignity than Moses, Aaron, or Samuel, has received and
declared to us the will of the Father. Let us not only exalt the
Lord with our lips, but give him the throne in our heart; and
while we worship him upon his mercy-seat, let us never forget
that he is holy.
$-$-$- PS:100

* An exhortation to praise God, and rejoice in him.

- This song of praise should be considered as a prophecy, and
even used as a prayer, for the coming of that time when all
people shall know that the Lord he is God, and shall become his
worshippers, and the sheep of his pasture. Great encouragement
is given us, in worshipping God, to do it cheerfully. If, when
we strayed like wandering sheep, he has brought us again to his
fold, we have indeed abundant cause to bless his name. The
matter of praise, and the motives to it, are very important.
Know ye what God is in himself, and what he is to you. Know it;
consider and apply it, then you will be more close and constant,
more inward and serious, in his worship. The covenant of grace
set down in the Scriptures of the Old and New Testament, with so
many rich promises, to strengthen the faith of every weak
believer, makes the matter of God's praise and of his people's
joys so sure, that how sad soever our spirits may be when we
look to ourselves, yet we shall have reason to praise the Lord
when we look to his goodness and mercy, and to what he has said
in his word for our comfort.
$-$-$- PS:101

* David's vow and profession of godliness.

- In this psalm we have David declaring how he intended to
regulate his household, and to govern his kingdom, that he might
stop wickedness, and encourage godliness. It is also applicable
to private families, and is the householder's psalm. It teaches
all that have any power, whether more or less, to use it so as
to be a terror to evil-doers, and a praise to them that do well.
The chosen subject of the psalm is God's mercy and judgment. The
Lord's providences concerning his people are commonly mixed;
mercy and judgment. God has set the one over against the other,
both to do good, like showers and sunshine. When, in his
providence, he exercises us with the mixture of mercy and
judgment, we must make suitable acknowledgments to him for both.
Family mercies and family afflictions are both calls to family
religion. Those who are in public stations are not thereby
excused from care in governing their families; they are the more
concerned to set a good example of ruling their own houses well.
Whenever a man has a house of his own, let him seek to have God
to dwell with him; and those may expect his presence, who walk
with a perfect heart, in a perfect way. David resolves to
practise no evil himself. He further resolves not to keep bad
servants, nor to employ those about him that are wicked. He will
not admit them into his family, lest they spread the infection
of sin. A froward heart, one that delights to be cross and
perverse, is not fit for society, the bond of which is Christian
love. Nor will he countenance slanderers, those who take
pleasure in wounding their neighbour's reputation. Also, God
resists the proud, and false, deceitful people, who scruple not
to tell lies, or commit frauds. Let every one be zealous and
diligent to reform his own heart and ways, and to do this early;
ever mindful of that future, most awful morning, when the King
of righteousness shall cut off all wicked doers from the
heavenly Jerusalem.
$-$-$- PS:102

* A sorrowful complaint of great afflictions. (1-11)
Encouragement by expecting the performances of God's promises to
his church. (12-22) The unchangeableness of God. (23-28)

#1-11 The whole word of God is of use to direct us in prayer;
but here, is often elsewhere, the Holy Ghost has put words into
our mouths. Here is a prayer put into the hands of the
afflicted; let them present it to God. Even good men may be
almost overwhelmed with afflictions. It is our duty and interest
to pray; and it is comfort to an afflicted spirit to unburden
itself, by a humble representation of its griefs. We must say,
Blessed be the name of the Lord, who both gives and takes away.
The psalmist looked upon himself as a dying man; My days are
like a shadow.

#12-22 We are dying creatures, but God is an everlasting God,
the protector of his church; we may be confident that it will
not be neglected. When we consider our own vileness, our
darkness and deadness, and the manifold defects in our prayers,
we have cause to fear that they will not be received in heaven;
but we are here assured of the contrary, for we have an Advocate
with the Father, and are under grace, not under the law.
Redemption is the subject of praise in the Christian church; and
that great work is described by the temporal deliverance and
restoration of Israel. Look down upon us, Lord Jesus; and bring
us into the glorious liberty of thy children, that we may bless
and praise thy name.

#23-28 Bodily distempers soon weaken our strength, then what can
we expect but that our months should be cut off in the midst;
and what should we do but provide accordingly? We must own God's
hand in it; and must reconcile this to his love, for often those
that have used their strength well, have it weakened; and those
who, as we think, can very ill be spared, have their days
shortened. It is very comfortable, in reference to all the
changes and dangers of the church, to remember that Jesus Christ
is the same yesterday, to-day, and for ever. And in reference to
the death of our bodies, and the removal of friends, to remember
that God is an everlasting God. Do not let us overlook the
assurance this psalm contains of a happy end to all the
believer's trials. Though all things are changing, dying,
perishing, like a vesture folding up and hastening to decay, yet
Jesus lives, and thus all is secure, for he hath said, Because I
live ye shall live also.
$-$-$- PS:103

* An exhortation to bless God for his mercy. (1-5) And to the
church and to all men. (6-14) For the constancy of his mercy.
(15-18) For the government of the world. (19-22)

#1-5 By the pardon of sin, that is taken away which kept good
things from us, and we are restored to the favor of God, who
bestows good things on us. Think of the provocation; it was sin,
and yet pardoned: how many the provocations, yet all pardoned!
God is still forgiving, as we are still sinning and repenting.
The body finds the melancholy consequences of Adam's offence, it
is subject to many infirmities, and the soul also. Christ alone
forgives all our sins; it is he alone who heals all our
infirmities. And the person who finds his sin cured, has a
well-grounded assurance that it is forgiven. When God, by the
graces and comforts of his Spirit, recovers his people from
their decays, and fills them with new life and joy, which is to
them an earnest of eternal life and joy, they may then be said
to return to the days of their youth, #Job 33:25|.

#6-14 Truly God is good to all: he is in a special manner good
to Israel. He has revealed himself and his grace to them. By his
ways we may understand his precepts, the ways he requires us to
walk in; and his promises and purposes. He always has been full
of compassion. How unlike are those to God, who take every
occasion to chide, and never know when to cease! What would
become of us, if God should deal so with us? The Scripture says
a great deal of the mercy of God, and we all have experienced
it. The father pities his children that are weak in knowledge,
and teaches them; pities them when they are froward, and bears
with them; pities them when they are sick, and comforts them;
pities them when they are fallen, and helps them to rise; pities
them when they have offended, and, upon their submission,
forgives them; pities them when wronged, and rights them: thus
the Lord pities those that fear him. See why he pities. He
considers the frailty of our bodies, and the folly of our souls,
how little we can do, how little we can bear; in all which his
compassion appears.

#15-18 How short is man's life, and uncertain! The flower of the
garden is commonly more choice, and will last the longer, for
being sheltered by the garden-wall, and the gardener's care; but
the flower of the field, to which life is here compared, is not
only withering in itself, but exposed to the cold blasts, and
liable to be cropt and trod on by the beasts of the field. Such
is man. God considers this, and pities him; let him consider it
himself. God's mercy is better than life, for it will outlive
it. His righteousness, the truth of his promise, shall be unto
children's children, who tread in the footsteps of their
forefathers' piety. Then shall mercy be preserved to them.

#19-22 He who made all, rules all, and both by a word of power.
He disposes all persons and things to his own glory. There is a
world of holy angels who are ever praising him. Let all his
works praise him. Such would have been our constant delight, if
we had not been fallen creatures. Such it will in a measure
become, if we are born of God. Such it will be for ever in
heaven; nor can we be perfectly happy till we can take unwearied
pleasure in perfect obedience to the will of our God. And let
the feeling of each redeemed heart be, Bless the Lord, O my
soul.
$-$-$- PS:104

* God's majesty in the heavens, The creation of the sea, and the
dry land. (1-9) His provision for all creatures. (10-18) The
regular course of day and night, and God's sovereign power over
all the creatures. (19-30) A resolution to continue praising
God. (31-35)

#1-9 Every object we behold calls on us to bless and praise the
Lord, who is great. His eternal power and Godhead are clearly
shown by the things which he hath made. God is light, and in him
is no darkness at all. The Lord Jesus, the Son of his love, is
the Light of the world.

#10-18 When we reflect upon the provision made for all
creatures, we should also notice the natural worship they render
to God. Yet man, forgetful ungrateful man, enjoys the largest
measure of his Creator's kindness. the earth, varying in
different lands. Nor let us forget spiritual blessings; the
fruitfulness of the church through grace, the bread of
everlasting life, the cup of salvation, and the oil of gladness.
Does God provide for the inferior creatures, and will he not be
a refuge to his people?

#19-30 We are to praise and magnify God for the constant
succession of day and night. And see how those are like to the
wild beasts, who wait for the twilight, and have fellowship with
the unfruitful works of darkness. Does God listen to the
language of mere nature, even in ravenous creatures, and shall
he not much more interpret favourably the language of grace in
his own people, though weak and broken groanings which cannot be
uttered? There is the work of every day, which is to be done in
its day, which man must apply to every morning, and which he
must continue in till evening; it will be time enough to rest
when the night comes, in which no man can work. The psalmist
wonders at the works of God. The works of art, the more closely
they are looked upon, the more rough they appear; the works of
nature appear more fine and exact. They are all made in wisdom,
for they all answer the end they were designed to serve. Every
spring is an emblem of the resurrection, when a new world rises,
as it were, out of the ruins of the old one. But man alone lives
beyond death. When the Lord takes away his breath, his soul
enters on another state, and his body will be raised, either to
glory or to misery. May the Lord send forth his Spirit, and
new-create our souls to holiness.

#31-35 Man's glory is fading; God's glory is everlasting:
creatures change, but with the Creator there is no variableness.
And if mediation on the glories of creation be so sweet to the
soul, what greater glory appears to the enlightened mind, when
contemplating the great work of redemption! There alone can a
sinner perceive ground of confidence and joy in God. While he
with pleasure upholds all, governs all, and rejoices in all his
works, let our souls, touched by his grace, meditate on and
praise him.
$-$-$- PS:105

* A solemn call to praise and serve the Lord. (1-7) His gracious
dealings with Israel. (8-23) Their deliverance from Egypt, and
their settlement in Canaan. (24-45)

#1-7 Our devotion is here stirred up, that we may stir up
ourselves to praise God. Seek his strength; that is, his grace;
the strength of his Spirit to work in us that which is good,
which we cannot do but by strength derived from him, for which
he will be sought. Seek to have his favour to eternity,
therefore continue seeking it while living in this world; for he
will not only be found, but he will reward those that diligently
seek him.

#8-23 Let us remember the Redeemer's marvellous works, his
wonders, and the judgments of his mouth. Though true Christians
are few number, strangers and pilgrims upon earth, yet a far
better inheritance than Canaan is made sure to them by the
covenant of God; and if we have the anointing of the Holy
Spirit, none can do us any harm. Afflictions are among our
mercies. They prove our faith and love, they humble our pride,
they wean us from the world, and quicken our prayers. Bread is
the staff which supports life; when that staff is broken, the
body fails and sinks to the earth. The word of God is the staff
of spiritual life, the food and support of the soul: the sorest
judgment is a famine of hearing the word of the Lord. Such a
famine was sore in all lands when Christ appeared in the flesh;
whose coming, and the blessed effect of it, are shadowed forth
in the history of Joseph. At the appointed time Christ was
exalted as Mediator; all the treasures of grace and salvation
are at his disposal, perishing sinners come to him, and are
relieved by him.

#24-45 As the believer commonly thrives best in his soul when
under the cross; so the church also flourishes most in true
holiness, and increases in number, while under persecution. Yet
instruments shall be raised up for their deliverance, and
plagues may be expected by persecutors. And see the special care
God took of his people in the wilderness. All the benefits
bestowed on Israel as a nation, were shadows of spiritual
blessings with which we are blessed in Christ Jesus. Having
redeemed us with his blood, restored our souls to holiness, and
set us at liberty from Satan's bondage, he guides and guards us
all the way. He satisfies our souls with the bread of heaven,
and the water of life from the Rock of salvation, and will bring
us safely to heaven. He redeems his servants from all iniquity,
and purifies them unto himself, to be a peculiar people, zealous
of good works.
$-$-$- PS:106

* The happiness of God's people. (1-5) Israel's sins. (6-12)
Their provocations. (13-33) Their rebellions in Canaan. (34-46)
Prayer for more complete deliverance. (47,48)

#1-5 None of our sins or sufferings should prevent our ascribing
glory and praise to the Lord. The more unworthy we are, the more
is his kindness to be admired. And those who depend on the
Redeemer's righteousness will endeavour to copy his example, and
by word and deed to show forth his praise. God's people have
reason to be cheerful people; and need not envy the children of
men their pleasure or pride.

#6-12 Here begins a confession of sin; for we must acknowledge
that the Lord has done right, and we have done wickedly. We are
encouraged to hope that though justly corrected, yet we shall
not be utterly forsaken. God's afflicted people own themselves
guilty before him. God is distrusted because his favours are not
remembered. If he did not save us for his own name's sake, and
to the praise of his power and grace, we should all perish.

#13-33 Those that will not wait for God's counsel, shall justly
be given up to their own hearts' lusts, to walk in their own
counsels. An undue desire, even for lawful things, becomes
sinful. God showed his displeasure for this. He filled them with
uneasiness of mind, terror of conscience, and self-reproach.
Many that fare deliciously every day, and whose bodies are
healthful, have leanness in their souls: no love to God, no
thankfulness, no appetite for the Bread of life, and then the
soul must be lean. Those wretchedly forget themselves, that
feast their bodies and starve their souls. Even the true
believer will see abundant cause to say, It is of the Lord's
mercies that I am not consumed. Often have we set up idols in
our hearts, cleaved to some forbidden object; so that if a
greater than Moses had not stood to turn away the anger of the
Lord, we should have been destroyed. If God dealt severely with
Moses for unadvised words, what do those deserve who speak many
proud and wicked words? It is just in God to remove those
relations that are blessings to us, when we are peevish and
provoking to them, and grieve their spirits.

#34-48 The conduct of the Israelites in Canaan, and God's
dealings with them, show that the way of sin is down-hill;
omissions make way for commissions: when they neglected to
destroy the heathen, they learned their works. One sin led to
many more, and brought the judgments of God on them. Their sin
was, in part, their own punishment. Sinners often see themselves
ruined by those who led them into evil. Satan, who is a tempter,
will be a tormentor. At length, God showed pity to his people
for his covenant's sake. The unchangeableness of God's merciful
nature and love to his people, makes him change the course of
justice into mercy; and no other change is meant by God's
repentance. Our case is awful when the outward church is
considered. When nations professing Christianity, are so guilty
as we are, no wonder if the Lord brings them low for their sins.
Unless there is general and deep repentance, there can be no
prospect but of increasing calamities. The psalm concludes with
prayer for completing the deliverance of God's people, and
praise for the beginning and progress of it. May all the people
of the earth, ere long, add their Amen.
$-$-$- PS:107

* God's providential care of the children of men in distresses,
in banishment, and dispersion. (1-9) In captivity. (10-16) In
sickness. (17-22) Danger at sea.(23-32) God's hand is to be seen
by his own people. (33-43)

#1-9 In these verses there is reference to the deliverance from
Egypt, and perhaps that from Babylon: but the circumstances of
travellers in those countries are also noted. It is scarcely
possible to conceive the horrors suffered by the hapless
traveller, when crossing the trackless sands, exposed to the
burning rays of the sum. The words describe their case whom the
Lord has redeemed from the bondage of Satan; who pass through
the world as a dangerous and dreary wilderness, often ready to
faint through troubles, fears, and temptations. Those who hunger
and thirst after righteousness, after God, and communion with
him, shall be filled with the goodness of his house, both in
grace and glory.

#10-16 This description of prisoners and captives intimates that
they are desolate and sorrowful. In the eastern prisons the
captives were and are treated with much severity. Afflicting
providences must be improved as humbling providences; and we
lose the benefit, if our hearts are unhumbled and unbroken under
them. This is a shadow of the sinner's deliverance from a far
worse confinement. The awakened sinner discovers his guilt and
misery. Having struggled in vain for deliverance, he finds there
is no help for him but in the mercy and grace of God. His sin is
forgiven by a merciful God, and his pardon is accompanied by
deliverance from the power of sin and Satan, and by the
sanctifying and comforting influences of God the Holy Spirit.

#17-22 If we knew no sin, we should know no sickness. Sinners
are fools. They hurt their bodily health by intemperance, and
endanger their lives by indulging their appetites. This their
way is their folly. The weakness of the body is the effect of
sickness. It is by the power and mercy of God that we are
recovered from sickness, and it is our duty to be thankful. All
Christ's miraculous cures were emblems of his healing diseases
of the soul. It is also to be applied to the spiritual cures
which the Spirit of grace works. He sends his word, and heals
souls; convinces, converts them, makes them holy, and all by the
word. Even in common cases of recovery from sickness, God in his
providence speaks, and it is done; by his word and Spirit the
soul is restored to health and holiness.

#23-32 Let those who go to sea, consider and adore the Lord.
Mariners have their business upon the tempestuous ocean, and
there witness deliverances of which others cannot form an idea.
How seasonable it is at such a time to pray! This may remind us
of the terrors and distress of conscience many experience, and
of those deep scenes of trouble which many pass through, in
their Christian course. Yet, in answer to their cries, the Lord
turns their storm into a calm, and causes their trials to end in
gladness.

#33-43 What surprising changes are often made in the affairs of
men! Let the present desolate state of Judea, and of other
countries, explain this. If we look abroad in the world, we see
many greatly increase, whose beginning was small. We see many
who have thus suddenly risen, as suddenly brought to nothing.
Worldly wealth is uncertain; often those who are filled with it,
ere they are aware, lose it again. God has many ways of making
men poor. The righteous shall rejoice. It shall fully convince
all those who deny the Divine Providence. When sinners see how
justly God takes away the gifts they have abused, they will not
have a word to say. It is of great use to us to be fully assured
of God's goodness, and duly affected with it. It is our wisdom
to mind our duty, and to refer our comfort to him. A truly wise
person will treasure in his heart this delightful psalm. From
it, he will fully understand the weakness and wretchedness of
man, and the power and loving-kindness of God, not for our
merit, but for his mercy's sake.
$-$-$- PS:108

- We may usefully select passages from different psalms, as
here, #Ps 57; 60|, to help our devotions, and enliven our
gratitude. When the heart is firm in faith and love, the tongue,
being employed in grateful praises, is our glory. Every gift of
the Lord honours and profits the possessor, as it is employed in
God's service and to his glory. Believers may pray with assured
faith and hope, for all the blessings of salvation; which are
secured to them by the faithful promise and covenant of God.
Then let them expect from him help in every trouble, and victory
in every conflict. Whatever we do, whatever we gain, God must
have all the glory. Lord, visit all our souls with this
salvation, with this favour which thou bearest to thy chosen
people.
$-$-$- PS:109

* David complains of his enemies. (1-5) He prophesies their
destruction. (6-20) Prayers and praises. (21-31)

#1-5. It is the unspeakable comfort of all believers, that
whoever is against them, God is for them; and to him they may
apply as to one pleased to concern himself for them. David's
enemies laughed at him for his devotion, but they could not
laugh him out of it.

#6-20 The Lord Jesus may speak here as a Judge, denouncing
sentence on some of his enemies, to warn others. When men reject
the salvation of Christ, even their prayers are numbered among
their sins. See what hurries some to shameful deaths, and brings
the families and estates of others to ruin; makes them and
theirs despicable and hateful, and brings poverty, shame, and
misery upon their posterity: it is sin, that mischievous,
destructive thing. And what will be the effect of the sentence,
"Go, ye cursed," upon the bodies and souls of the wicked! How it
will affect the senses of the body, and the powers of the soul,
with pain, anguish, horror, and despair! Think on these things,
sinners, tremble and repent.

#21-31 The psalmist takes God's comforts to himself, but in a
very humble manner. He was troubled in mind. His body was
wasted, and almost worn away. But it is better to have leanness
in the body, while the soul prospers and is in health, than to
have leanness in the soul, while the body is feasted. He was
ridiculed and reproached by his enemies. But if God bless us, we
need not care who curses us; for how can they curse whom God has
not cursed; nay, whom he has blessed? He pleads God's glory, and
the honour of his name. Save me, not according to my merit, for
I pretend to none, but according to thy-mercy. He concludes with
the joy of faith, in assurance that his present conflicts would
end in triumphs. Let all that suffer according to the will of
God, commit the keeping of their souls to him. Jesus, unjustly
put to death, and now risen again, is an Advocate and
Intercessor for his people, ever ready to appear on their behalf
against a corrupt world, and the great accuser.
$-$-$- PS:110

* Christ's kingdom.

- Glorious things are here spoken of Christ. Not only he should
be superior to all the kings of the earth, but he then existed
in glory as the eternal Son of God. Sitting is a resting
posture: after services and sufferings, to give law, to give
judgment. It is a remaining posture: he sits like a king for
ever. All his enemies are now in a chain, but not yet made his
footstool. And his kingdom, being set up, shall be kept up in
the world, in despite of all the powers of darkness. Christ's
people are a willing people. The power of the Spirit, going with
the power of the world, to the people of Christs, is effectual
to make them willing. They shall attend him in the beautiful
attire of holiness; which becomes his house for ever. And he
shall have many devoted to him. The dew of our youth, even in
the morning of our days, ought to be consecrated to our Lord
Jesus. Christ shall not only be a King, but a Priest. He is
God's Minister to us, and our Advocate with the Father, and so
is the Mediator between God and man. He is a Priest of the order
of Melchizedek, which was before that of Aaron, and on many
accounts superior to it, and a more lively representation of
Christ's priesthood. Christ's sitting at the right hand of God,
speaks as much terror to his enemies as happiness to his people.
The effect of this victory shall be the utter ruin of his
enemies. We have here the Redeemer saving his friends, and
comforting them. He shall be humbled; he shall drink of the
brook in the way. The wrath of God, running in the curse of the
law, may be considered as the brook in the way of his
undertaking. Christ drank of the waters of affliction in his way
to the throne of glory. But he shall be exalted. What then are
we? Has the gospel of Christ been to us the power of God unto
salvation? Has his kingdom been set up in our hearts? Are we his
willing subjects? Once we knew not our need of his salvation,
and we were not willing that he should reign over us. Are we
willing to give up every sin, to turn from a wicked, insnaring
world, and rely only on his merits and mercy, to have him for
our Prophet, Priest, and King? and do we desire to be holy? To
those who are thus changed, the Saviour's sacrifice,
intercession, and blessing belong.
$-$-$- PS:111

* The Lord is to be praised for his works.

- The psalmist resolves to praise God himself. Our exhortations
and our examples should agree together. He recommends the works
of the Lord, as the proper subject, when we are praising him;
and the dealings of his providence toward the world, the church,
and particular persons. All the works of the Lord are spoken of
as one, it is his work; so admirably do all the dispensations of
his providence centre in one design. The works of God, humbly
and diligently sought into, shall all be found just and holy.
God's pardoning sin is the most wonderful of all his works, and
ought to be remembered to his glory. He will ever be mindful of
his covenant; he has ever been so, and he ever will be so. His
works of providence were done according to the truth of the
Divine promises and prophecies, and so were verity, or truth;
and by him who has a right to dispose of the earth as he
pleases, and so are judgment, or righteous: and this holds good
of the work of grace upon the heart of man, ver. #7,8|. All
God's commandments are sure; all have been fulfilled by Christ,
and remain with him for a rule of walk and conversation to us.
He sent redemption unto his people, out of Egypt at first, and
often afterwards; and these were typical of the great
redemption, which in the fulness of time was to be wrought out
by the Lord Jesus. Here his everlasting righteousness shines
forth in union with his boundless mercy. No man is wise who does
not fear the Lord; no man acts wisely except as influenced by
that fear. This fear will lead to repentance, to faith in
Christ, to watchfulness and obedience. Such persons are of a
good understanding, however poor, unlearned, or despised.
$-$-$- PS:112

* The blessedness of the righteous.

- We have to praise the Lord that there are a people in the
world, who fear him and serve him, and that they are a happy
people; which is owing entirely to his grace. Their fear is not
that which love casts out, but that which love brings in. It
follows and flows from love. It is a fear to offend. This is
both fear and trust. The heart touched by the Spirit of God, as
the needle touched with the loadstone, turns direct and speedily
to God, yet still with trembling, being filled with this holy
fear. Blessings are laid up for the faithful and their
children's children; and true riches are bestowed on them, with
as much of this world's possessions as is profitable for them.
In the darkest hours of affliction and trial, the light of hope
and peace will spring up within them, and seasonable relief
shall turn mourning into joy. From their Lord's example they
learn to be kind and full of compassion, as well as just in all
their dealings; they use discretion, that they may be liberal in
that manner which appears most likely to do good. Envy and
slander may for a time hide their true characters here, but they
shall be had in everlasting remembrance. They need not fear evil
tidings. A good man shall have a settled spirit. And it is the
endeavour of true believers to keep their minds stayed upon God,
and so to keep them calm and undisturbed; and God has promised
them both cause to do so, and grace to do so. Trusting in the
Lord is the best and surest way of establishing the heart. The
heart of man cannot fix any where with satisfaction, but in the
truth of God, and there it finds firm footing. And those whose
hearts are established by faith, will patiently wait till they
gain their point. Compare all this with the vexation of sinners.
The happiness of the saints is the envy of the wicked. The
desire of the wicked shall perish; their desire was wholly to
the world and the flesh, therefore when these perish, their joy
is gone. But the blessings of the gospel are spiritual and
eternal, and are conferred upon the members of the Christian
church, through Christ their Head, who is the Pattern of all
righteousness, and the Giver of all grace.
$-$-$- PS:113

* An exhortation to praise God.

- God has praise from his own people. They have most reason to
praise him; for those who attend him as his servants, know him
best, and receive most of his favours, and it is easy, pleasant
work to speak well of their Master. God's name ought to be
praised in every place, from east to west. Within this wide
space the Lord's name is to be praised; it ought to be so,
though it is not. Ere long it will be, when all nations shall
come and worship before him. God is exalted above all blessing
and praise. We must therefore say, with holy admiration, Who is
like unto the Lord our God? How condescending in him to behold
the things in the earth! And what amazing condescension was it
for the Son of God to come from heaven to earth, and take our
nature upon him, that he might seek and save those that were
lost! How vast his love in taking upon him the nature of man, to
ransom guilty souls! God sometimes makes glorious his own wisdom
and power, when, having some great work to do, he employs those
least likely, and least thought of for it by themselves or
others. The apostles were sent from fishing to be fishers of
men. And this is God's constant method in his kingdom of grace.
He takes men, by nature beggars, and even traitors, to be his
favourites, his children, kings and priests unto him; and
numbers them with the princes of his chosen people. He gives us
all our comforts, which are generally the more welcome when long
delayed, and no longer expected. Let us pray that those lands
which are yet barren, may speedily become fruitful, and produce
many converts to join in praising the Lord.
$-$-$- PS:114

* An exhortation to fear God.

- Let us acknowledge God's power and goodness in what he did for
Israel, applying it to that much greater work of wonder, our
redemption by Christ; and encourage ourselves and others to
trust in God in the greatest straits. When Christ comes for the
salvation of his people , he redeems them from the power of sin
and Satan, separates them from an ungodly world, forms them to
be his people, and becomes their King. There is no sea, no
Jordan, so deep, so broad, but, when God's time is come, it
shall be divided and driven back. Apply this to the planting the
Christian church in the world. What ailed Satan and his
idolatries, that they trembled as they did? But especially apply
it to the work of grace in the heart. What turns the stream in a
regenerate soul? What affects the lusts and corruptions, that
they fly back; that prejudices are removed, and the whole man
becomes new? It is at the presence of God's Spirit. At the
presence of the Lord, not only mountains, but the earth itself
may well tremble, since it has lain under a curse for man's sin.
As the Israelites were protected, so they were provided for by
miracles; such was that fountain of waters into which the flinty
rock was turned, and that rock was Christ. The Son of God, the
Rock of ages, gave himself to death, to open a fountain to wash
away sins, and to supply believers with waters of life and
consolation; and they need not fear that any blessing is too
great to expect from his love. But let sinners fear before their
just and holy Judge. Let us now prepare to meet our God, that we
may have boldness before him at his coming.
$-$-$- PS:115

* Glory to be ascribed to God. (1-8) by trusting in him and
praising him. (9-18)

#1-8 Let no opinion of our own merits have any place in our
prayers or in our praises. All the good we do, is done by the
power of his grace; and all the good we have, is the gift of his
mere mercy, and he must have all the praise. Are we in pursuit
of any mercy, and wrestling with God for it, we must take
encouragement in prayer from God only. Lord, do so for us; not
that we may have the credit and comfort of it, but that they
mercy and truth may have the glory of it. The heathen gods are
senseless things. They are the works of men's hands: the
painter, the carver, the statuary, can put no life into them,
therefore no sense. The psalmist hence shows the folly of the
worshippers of idols.

#9-18 It is folly to trust in dead images, but it is wisdom to
trust in the living God, for he is a help and a shield to those
that trust in him. Wherever there is right fear of God, there
may be cheerful faith in him; those who reverence his word, may
rely upon it. He is ever found faithful. The greatest need his
blessing, and it shall not be denied to the meanest that fear
him. God's blessing gives an increase, especially in spiritual
blessings. And the Lord is to be praised: his goodness is large,
for he has given the earth to the children of men for their use.
The souls of the faithful, after they are delivered from the
burdens of the flesh, are still praising him; but the dead body
cannot praise God: death puts an end to our glorifying him in
this world of trial and conflict. Others are dead, and an end is
thereby put to their service, therefore we will seek to do the
more for God. We will not only do it ourselves, but will engage
others to do it; to praise him when we are gone. Lord, thou art
the only object for faith and love. Help us to praise thee while
living and when dying, that thy name may be the first and last
upon our lips: and let the sweet savour of thy name refresh our
souls for ever.
$-$-$- PS:116

* The psalmist declares his love to the Lord. (1-9) His desire
to be thankful. (10-19)

#1-9 We have many reasons for loving the Lord, but are most
affected by his loving-kindness when relieved out of deep
distress. When a poor sinner is awakened to a sense of his
state, and fears that he must soon sink under the just wrath of
God, then he finds trouble and sorrow. But let all such call
upon the Lord to deliver their souls, and they will find him
gracious and true to his promise. Neither ignorance nor guilt
will hinder their salvation, when they put their trust in the
Lord. Let us all speak of God as we have found him; and have we
ever found him otherwise than just and good? It is of his
mercies that we are not consumed. Let those who labour and are
heavy laden come to him, that they may find rest to their souls;
and if at all drawn from their rest, let them haste to return,
remembering how bountifully the Lord has dealt with them. We
should deem ourselves bound to walk as in his presence. It is a
great mercy to be kept from being swallowed up with over-much
sorrow. It is a great mercy for God to hold us by the right
hand, so that we are not overcome and overthrown by a
temptation. But when we enter the heavenly rest, deliverance
from sin and sorrow will be complete; we shall behold the glory
of the Lord, and walk in his presence with delight we cannot now
conceive.

#10-19 When troubled, we do best to hold our peace, for we are
apt to speak unadvisedly. Yet there may be true faith where
there are workings of unbelief; but then faith will prevail; and
being humbled for our distrust of God's word, we shall
experience his faithfulness to it. What can the pardoned sinner,
or what can those who have been delivered from trouble or
distress, render to the Lord for his benefits? We cannot in any
way profit him. Our best is unworthy of his acceptance; yet we
ought to devote ourselves and all we have to his service. I will
take the cup of salvation; I will offer the drink-offerings
appointed by the law, in token of thankfulness to God, and
rejoice in God's goodness to me. I will receive the cup of
affliction; that cup, that bitter cup, which is sanctified to
the saints, so that to them it is a cup of salvation; it is a
means of spiritual health. The cup of consolation; I will
receive the benefits God bestows upon me, as from his hand, and
taste his love in them, as the portion not only of mine
inheritance in the other world, but of my cup in this. Let
others serve what masters they will, truly I am thy servant. Two
ways men came to be servants. By birth. Lord, I was born in thy
house; I am the son of thine handmaid, and therefore thine. It
is a great mercy to be children of godly parents. By redemption.
Lord, thou hast loosed my bonds, thou hast discharged me from
them, therefore I am thy servant. The bonds thou hast loosed
shall tie me faster unto thee. Doing good is sacrifice, with
which God is well pleased; and this must accompany giving thanks
to his name. Why should we offer that to the Lord which cost us
nothing? The psalmist will pay his vows now; he will not delay
the payment: publicly, not to make a boast, but to show he is
not ashamed of God's service, and to invite others to join him.
Such are true saints of God, in whose lives and deaths he will
be glorified.
$-$-$- PS:117

* All people called upon to praise God.

- Here is a solemn call to all nations to praise the Lord, and
proper matter for that praise is suggested. We are soon weary of
well-doing, if we keep not up the pious and devout affections
with which the spiritual sacrifice of praise ought to be kindled
and kept burning. This is a gospel psalm. The apostle, #Ro
15:11|, quotes it as a proof that the gospel was to be preached
to the Gentile nations, and that it would be entertained by
them. For many ages, in Judah only was God known, and his name
praised; this call was not then given to any Gentiles. But the
gospel of Christ is ordered to be preached to all nations, and
by him those that were afar off are made nigh. We are among the
persons to whom the Holy Spirit here speaks, whom he calls upon
to join his ancient people in praising the Lord. Grace has thus
abounded to millions of perishing sinners. Let us then listen to
the offers of the grace of God, and pray for that time when all
nations of the earth shall show forth his praises. And let us
bless God for the unsearchable riches of gospel grace.
$-$-$- PS:118

* It is good to trust in the Lord. (1-18) The coming of Christ
in his kingdom. (19-29)

#1-18 The account the psalmist here gives of his troubles is
very applicable to Christ: many hated him without a cause; nay,
the Lord himself chastened him sorely, bruised him, and put him
to grief, that by his stripes we might be healed. God is
sometimes the strength of his people, when he is not their song;
they have spiritual supports, though they want spiritual
delights. Whether the believer traces back his comfort to the
everlasting goodness and mercy of God, or whether he looks
forward to the blessing secured to him, he will find abundant
cause for joy and praise. Every answer to our prayers is an
evidence that the Lord is on our side; and then we need not fear
what man can do unto us; we should conscientiously do our duty
to all, and trust in him alone to accept and bless us. Let us
seek to live to declare the works of God, and to encourage
others to serve him and trust in him. Such were the triumphs of
the Son of David, in the assurance that the good pleasure of the
Lord should prosper in his hand.

#19-29 Those who saw Christ's day at so great a distance, saw
cause to praise God for the prospect. The prophecy, ver.
#22,23|, may refer to David's preferment; but principally to
Christ. 1. His humiliation; he is the Stone which the builders
refused: they would go on in their building without him. This
proved the ruin of those who thus made light of him. Rejecters
of Christ are rejected of God. 2. His exaltation; he is the
chief Cornerstone in the foundation. He is the chief Top-stone,
in whom the building is completed, who must, in all things, have
the pre-eminence. Christ's name is Wonderful; and the redemption
he wrought out is the most amazing of all God's wondrous works.
We will rejoice and be glad in the Lord's day; not only that
such a day is appointed, but in the occasion of it, Christ's
becoming the Head. Sabbath days ought to be rejoicing days, then
they are to us as the days of heaven. Let this Saviour be my
Saviour, my Ruler. Let my soul prosper and be in health, in that
peace and righteousness which his government brings. Let me have
victory over the lusts that war against my soul; and let Divine
grace subdue my heart. The duty which the Lord has made, brings
light with it, true light. The duty this privilege calls for, is
here set forth; the sacrifices we are to offer to God in
gratitude for redeeming love, are ourselves; not to be slain
upon the altar, but living sacrifices, to be bound to the altar;
spiritual sacrifices of prayer and praise, in which our hearts
must be engaged. The psalmist praises God, and calls upon all
about him to give thanks to God for the glad tidings of great
joy to all people, that there is a Redeemer, even Christ the
Lord. In him the covenant of grace is made sure and everlasting.
$-$-$- PS:119

* The general scope and design of this psalm is to magnify the
Divine law, and make it honourable. There are ten words by which
Divine revelation is called in this psalm, and each expresses
what God expects from us, and what we may expect from him.
 1. God's law; this is enacted by him as our Sovereign.
 2. His way; this is the rule of his providence.
 3. His testimonies; they are solemnly declared to the world.
 4. His commandments; given with authority.
 5. His precepts; not left as indifferent matters to us.
 6. His word, or saying; it is the declaration of his mind.
 7. His judgments; framed in infinite wisdom.
 8. His righteousness; it is the rule and standard of what is
    right.
 9. His statutes; they are always binding.
 10. His truth or faithfulness; it is eternal truth, it shall
     endure for ever.

#1-8 This psalm may be considered as the statement of a
believer's experience. As far as our views, desires, and
affections agree with what is here expressed, they come from the
influences of the Holy Spirit, and no further. The pardoning
mercy of God in Christ, is the only source of a sinner's
happiness. And those are most happy, who are preserved most free
from the defilement of sin, who simply believe God's
testimonies, and depend on his promises. If the heart be divided
between him and the world, it is evil. But the saints carefully
avoid all sin; they are conscious of much evil that clogs them
in the ways of God, but not of that wickedness which draws them
out of those ways. The tempter would make men think they are at
them out of those ways. The tempter would make men think they
are at liberty to follow the word of God or not, as they please.
But the desire and prayer of a good man agree with the will and
command of God. If a man expects by obedience in one thing to
purchase indulgence for disobedience in others, his hypocrisy
will be detected; if he is not ashamed in this world,
everlasting shame will be his portion. The psalmist coveted to
learn the laws of God, to give God the glory. And believers see
that if God forsakes them, the temper will be too hard for them.

#9-16 To original corruption all have added actual sin. The ruin
of the young is either living by no rule at all, or choosing
false rules: let them walk by Scripture rules. To doubt of our
own wisdom and strength, and to depend upon God, proves the
purpose of holiness is sincere. God's word is treasure worth
laying up, and there is no laying it up safe but in our hearts,
that we may oppose God's precepts to the dominion of sin, his
promises to its allurements, and his threatenings to its
violence. Let this be our plea with Him to teach us his
statutes, that, being partakers of his holiness, we may also
partake of his blessedness. And those whose hearts are fed with
the bread of life, should with their lips feed many. In the way
of God's commandments there is the unsearchable riches of
Christ. But we do not meditate on God's precepts to good
purpose, unless our good thoughts produce good works. I will not
only think of thy statutes, but do them with delight. And it
will be well to try the sincerity of our obedience by tracing
the spring of it; the reality of our love by cheerfulness in
appointed duties.

#17-24 If God deals in strict justice with us, we all perish. We
ought to spend our lives in his service; we shall find true life
in keeping his word. Those that would see the wondrous things of
God's law and gospel, must beg him to give them understanding,
by the light of his Spirit. Believers feel themselves strangers
on earth; they fear missing their way, and losing comfort by
erring from God's commandments. Every sanctified soul hungers
after the word of God, as food which there is no living without.
There is something of pride at the bottom of every wilful sin.
God can silence lying lips; reproach and contempt may humble and
do us good, and then they shall be removed. Do we find the
weight of the cross is above that we are able to bear? He that
bore it for us will enable us to bear it; upheld by him we
cannot sink. It is sad when those who should protect the
innocent, are their betrayers. The psalmist went on in duty, and
he found comfort in the word of God. The comforts of the word of
God are most pleasant to a gracious soul, when other comforts
are made bitter; and those that would have God's testimonies to
be their delight, must be advised by them. May the Lord direct
us in exercising repentance of sin, and faith in Christ.

#25-32 While the souls of the children of this world cleave to
the earth as their portion, the children of light are greatly
burdened, because of the remains of carnal affections in their
hearts. It is unspeakable comfort to a gracious soul, to think
with what tenderness all its complaints are received by a
gracious God. We can talk of the wonders of redeeming love, when
we understand the way of God's precepts, and walk in that way.
The penitent melts in sorrow for sin: even the patient spirit
may melt in the sense of affliction, it is then its interest to
pour out its soul before God. The way of lying means all false
ways by which men deceive themselves and others, or are deceived
by Satan and his instruments. Those who know and love the law of
the Lord, desire to know it more, and love it better. The way of
serious godliness is the way of truth; the only true way to
happiness: we must always have actual regard to it. Those who
stick to the word of God, may in faith expect and pray for
acceptance with God. Lord, never leave me to do that by which I
shall shame myself, and do not thou reject my services. Those
that are going to heaven, should still press forward. God, by
his Spirit, enlarges the hearts of his people when he gives them
wisdom. The believer prays to be set free from sin.

#33-40 Teach me thy statutes, not the mere words, but the way of
applying them to myself. God, by his Spirit, gives a right
understanding. But the Spirit of revelation in the word will not
suffice, unless we have the Spirit of wisdom in the heart. God
puts his Spirit within us, causing us to walk in his statutes.
The sin here prayed against is covetousness. Those that would
have the love of God rooted in them, must get the love of the
world rooted out; for the friendship of the world is enmity with
God. Quicken me in thy way; to redeem time, and to do every duty
with liveliness of spirit. Beholding vanity deadens us, and
slackens our pace; a traveller must not stand gazing upon every
object that presents itself to his view. The promises of God's
word greatly relate to the preservation of the true believer.
When Satan has drawn a child of God into worldly compliances, he
will reproach him with the falls into which he led him. Victory
must come from the cross of Christ. When we enjoy the sweetness
of God's precepts, it will make us long for more acquaintance
with them. And where God has wrought to will, he will work to
do.

#41-48 Lord, I have by faith thy mercies in view; let me by
prayer prevail to obtain them. And when the salvation of the
saints is completed, it will plainly appear that it was not in
vain to trust in God's word. We need to pray that we may never
be afraid or ashamed to own God's truths and ways before men.
And the psalmist resolves to keep God's law, in a constant
course of obedience, without backsliding. The service of sin is
slavery; the service of God is liberty. There is no full
happiness, or perfect liberty, but in keeping God's law. We must
never be ashamed or afraid to own our religion. The more delight
we take in the service of God, the nearer we come to perfection.
Not only consent to his law as good, but take pleasure in it as
good for us. Let me put forth all the strength I have, to do it.
Something of this mind of Christ is in every true disciple.

#49-56 Those that make God's promises their portion, may with
humble boldness make them their plea. He that by his Spirit
works faith in us, will work for us. The word of God speaks
comfort in affliction. If, through grace, it makes us holy,
there is enough in it to make us easy, in all conditions. Let us
be certain we have the Divine law for what we believe, and then
let not scoffers prevail upon us to decline from it. God's
judgments of old comfort and encourage us, for he is still the
same. Sin is horrible in the eyes of all that are sanctified.
Ere long the believer will be absent from the body, and present
with the Lord. In the mean time, the statutes of the Lord supply
subjects for grateful praise. In the season of affliction, and
in the silent hours of the night, he remembers the name of the
Lord, and is stirred up to keep the law. All who have made
religion the first thing, will own that they have been
unspeakable gainers by it.

#57-64 True believers take the Lord for the portion of their
inheritance, and nothing less will satisfy them. The psalmist
prayed with his whole heart, knowing how to value the blessing
he prayed for: he desired the mercy promised, and depended on
the promise for it. He turned from by-paths, and returned to
God's testimonies. He delayed not. It behoves sinners to hasten
to escape; and the believer will be equally in haste to glorify
God. No care or grief should take away God's word out of our
minds, or hinder the comfort it bestows. There is no situation
on earth in which a believer has not cause to be thankful. Let
us feel ashamed that others are more willing to keep from sleep
to spend the time in sinful pleasures, than we are to praise
God. And we should be more earnest in prayer, that our hearts
may be filled with his mercy, grace, and peace.

#65-72 However God has dealt with us, he has dealt with us
better than we deserve; and all in love, and for our good. Many
have knowledge, but little judgment; those who have both, are
fortified against the snares of Satan, and furnished for the
service of God. We are most apt to wander from God, when we are
easy in the world. We should leave our concerns to the disposal
of God, seeing we know not what is good for us. Lord, thou art
our bountiful Benefactor; incline our hearts to faith and
obedience. The psalmist will go on in his duty with constancy
and resolution. The proud are full of the world, and its wealth
and pleasures; these make them senseless, secure, and stupid.
God visits his people with affliction, that they may learn his
statutes. Not only God's promises, but even his law, his
percepts, though hard to ungodly men, are desirable, and
profitable, because they lead us with safety and delight unto
eternal life.

#73-80 God made us to serve him, and enjoy him; but by sin we
have made ourselves unfit to serve him, and to enjoy him. We
ought, therefore, continually to beseech him, by his Holy
Spirit, to give us understanding. The comforts some have in God,
should be matter of joy to others. But it is easy to own, that
God's judgments are right, until it comes to be our own case.
All supports under affliction must come from mercy and
compassion. The mercies of God are tender mercies; the mercies
of a father, the compassion of a mother to her son. They come to
us when we are not able to go to them. Causeless reproach does
not hurt, and should not move us. The psalmist could go on in
the way of his duty, and find comfort in it. He valued the good
will of saints, and was desirous to keep up his communion with
them. Soundness of heart signifies sincerity in dependence on
God, and devotedness to him.

#81-88 The psalmist sought deliverance from his sins, his foes,
and his fears. Hope deferred made him faint; his eyes failed by
looking out for this expected salvation. But when the eyes fail,
yet faith must not. His affliction was great. He was become like
a leathern bottle, which, if hung up in the smoke, is dried and
shrivelled up. We must ever be mindful of God's statutes. The
days of the believer's mourning shall be ended; they are but for
a moment, compared with eternal happiness. His enemies used
craft as well as power for his ruin, in contempt of the law of
God. The commandments of God are true and faithful guides in the
path of peace and safety. We may best expect help from God when,
like our Master, we do well and suffer for it. Wicked men may
almost consume the believer upon earth, but he would sooner
forsake all than forsake the word of the Lord. We should depend
upon the grace of God for strength to do every good work. The
surest token of God's good-will toward us, is his good work in
us.

#89-96 The settling of God's word in heaven, is opposed to the
changes and revolutions of the earth. And the engagements of
God's covenant are established more firmly than the earth
itself. All the creatures answer the ends of their creation:
shall man, who alone is endued with reason, be the only
unprofitable burden of the earth? We may make the Bible a
pleasant companion at any time. But the word, without the grace
of God, would not quicken us. See the best help for bad
memories, namely, good affections; and though the exact words be
lost, if the meaning remain, that is well. I am thine, not my
own, not the world's; save me from sin, save me from ruin. The
Lord will keep the man in peace, whose mind is stayed on him. It
is poor perfection which one sees and end of. Such are all
things in this world, which pass for perfections. The glory of
man is but as the flower of the grass. The psalmist had seen the
fulness of the word of God, and its sufficiency. The word of the
Lord reaches to all cases, to all times. It will take us from
all confidence in man, or in our own wisdom, strength, and
righteousness. Thus shall we seek comfort and happiness from
Christ alone.

#97-104 What we love, we love to think of. All true wisdom is
from God. A good man carries his Bible with him, if not in his
hands, yet in his head and in his heart. By meditation on God's
testimonies we understand more than our teachers, when we
understand our own hearts. The written word is a more sure guide
to heaven, than all the fathers, the teachers, and ancients of
the church. We cannot, with any comfort or boldness, attend God
in holy duties, while under guilt, or in any by-way. It was
Divine grace in his heart, that enabled the psalmist to receive
these instructions. The soul has its tastes as well as the body.
Our relish for the word of God will be greatest, when that for
the world and the flesh is least. The way of sin is a wrong way;
and the more understanding we get by the precepts of God, the
more rooted will be our hatred of sin; and the more ready we are
in the Scriptures, the better furnished we are with answers to
temptation.

#105-112 The word of God directs us in our work and way, and a
dark place indeed the world would be without it. The commandment
is a lamp kept burning with the oil of the Spirit, as a light to
direct us in the choice of our way, and the steps we take in
that way. The keeping of God's commands here meant, was that of
a sinner under a dispensation of mercy, of a believer having
part in the covenant of grace. The psalmist is often afflicted;
but with longing desires to become more holy, offers up daily
prayers for quickening grace. We cannot offer any thing to God,
that he will accept but what he is pleased to teach us to do. To
have our soul or life continually in our hands, implies constant
danger of life; yet he did not forget God's promises nor his
precepts. Numberless are the snares laid by the wicked; and
happy is that servant of God, whom they have not caused to err
from his Master's precepts. Heavenly treasures are a heritage
for ever; all the saints accept them as such, therefore they can
be content with little of this world. We must look for comfort
only in the way of duty, and that duty must be done. A good man,
by the grace of God, brings his heart to his work, then it is
done well.

#113-120 Here is a dread of the risings of sin, and the first
beginnings of it. The more we love the law of God, the more
watchful we shall be, lest vain thoughts draw us from what we
love. Would we make progress in keeping God's commands, we must
be separate from evil-doers. The believer could not live without
the grace of God; but, supported by his hand, his spiritual life
shall be maintained. Our holy security is grounded on Divine
supports. All departure from God's statutes is error, and will
prove fatal. Their cunning is falsehood. There is a day coming
which will put the wicked into everlasting fire, the fit place
for the dross. See what comes of sin Surely we who fall so low
in devout affections, should fear, lest a promise being left us
of entering into heavenly rest, any of us should be found to
come short of it, #Heb 4:1|.

#121-128 Happy is the man, who, acting upon gospel principles,
does justice to all around. Christ our Surety, having paid our
debt and ransom, secures all the blessings of salvation to every
true believer. The psalmist expects the word of God's
righteousness, and no other salvation than what is secured by
that word, which cannot fall to the ground. We deserve no favour
form God; we are most easy when we cast ourselves upon God's
mercy, and refer ourselves to it. If any man resolve to do God's
will as his servant, he shall be made to know his testimonies.
We must do what we can for the support of religion, and, after
all, must beg of God to take the work into his own hands. It is
hypocrisy to say we love God's commandments more than our
worldly interests. The way of sin is a false way, being directly
contrary to God's precepts, which are right: those that love and
esteem God's law, hate sin, and will not be reconciled to it.

#129-136 The wonders of redeeming love will fix the heart in
adoration of them. The Scriptures show us what we were, what we
are, and what we shall be. They show us the mercy and the
justice of the Lord, the joys of heaven, and the pains of hell.
Thus they give to the simple, in a few days, understanding of
those matters, which philosophers for ages sought in vain. The
believer, wearied with the cares of life and his conflicts with
sin, pants for the consolations conveyed to him by means of the
sacred word. And every one may pray, Look thou upon me, and be
merciful unto me as thou usest to do unto those that love thy
name. We must beg that the Holy Spirit would order our steps.
The dominion of sin is to be dreaded and prayed against by every
one. The oppression of men is often more than flesh and blood
can bear; and He who knoweth our frame, will not refuse to
remove it in answer to the prayers of his people. Whatever
obscurity may appear as to the faith of the Old Testament
believers, their confidence at the throne of grace can only be
explained by their having obtained more distinct views of gospel
privileges, through the sacrifices and services of their law,
than is generally imagined. Go to the same place, plead the name
and merits of Jesus, and you will not, you cannot plead in vain.
Commonly, where there is a gracious heart, there is a weeping
eye. Accept, O Lord, the tears our blessed Redeemer shed in the
days of his flesh, for us who should weep for our brethren or
ourselves.

#137-144 God never did, and never can do wrong to any. The
promises are faithfully performed by Him that made them. Zeal
against sin should constrain us to do what we can against it, at
least to do more in religion ourselves. Our love to the word of
God is evidence of our love to God, because it is designed to
make us partake his holiness. Men's real excellency always makes
them low in their own eyes. When we are small and despised, we
have the more need to remember God's precepts, that we may have
them to support us. The law of God is the truth, the standard of
holiness, the rule of happiness; but the obedience of Christ
alone justifies the believer. Sorrows are often the lot of
saints in this vale of tears; they are in heaviness through
manifold temptations. There are delights in the word of God,
which the saints often most sweetly enjoy when in trouble and
anguish. This is life eternal, to know God and Jesus Christ whom
he has sent, #Joh 17:3|. May we live the life of faith and grace
here, and be removed to the life of glory hereafter.

#145-152 Supplications with the whole heart are presented only
by those who desire God's salvation, and who love his
commandments. Whither should the child go but to his father?
Save me from my sins, my corruptions, my temptations, all the
hinderances in my way, that I may keep thy testimonies.
Christians who enjoy health, should not suffer the early hours
of the morning to glide away unimproved. Hope in God's word
encourages us to continue in prayer. It is better to take time
from sleep, than not to find time for prayer. We have access to
God at all hours; and if our first thoughts in the morning are
of God, they will help to keep us in his fear all the day long.
Make me lively and cheerful. God knows what we need and what is
good for us, and will quicken us. If we are employed in God's
service, we need not fear those who try to set themselves as far
as they can out of the reach of the convictions and commands of
his law. When trouble is near, God is near. He is never far to
seek. All his commandments are truth. And God's promises will be
performed. All that ever trusted in God have found him faithful.

#153-160 The closer we cleave to the word of God, both as our
rule and as our stay, the more assurance we have of deliverance.
Christ is the Advocate of his people, their Redeemer. Those who
were quickened by his Spirit and grace, when they were dead in
trespasses and sins, often need to have the work of grace
revived in them, according to the word of promise. The wicked
not only do not God's statutes, but they do not even seek them.
They flatter themselves that they are going to heaven; but the
longer they persist in sin, the further it is from them. God's
mercies are tender; they are a fountain that can never be
exhausted. The psalmist begs for God's reviving, quickening
grace. A man, steady in the way of his duty, though he may have
many enemies, needs to fear none. Those that hate sin truly,
hate it as sin, as a transgression of the law of God, and a
breaking of his word. Our obedience is only pleasing to God, and
pleasant to ourselves, when it comes from a principle of love.
All, in every age, who receive God's word in faith and love,
find every saying in it faithful.

#161-168 Those whose hearts stand in awe of God's word, will
rather endure the wrath of man, than break the law of God. By
the word of God we are unspeakable gainers. Every man hates to
have a lie told him, but we should more hate telling a lie; by
the latter we give an affront to God. The more we see the beauty
of truth, the more we shall see the hateful deformity of a lie.
We are to praise God even for afflictions; through grace we get
good from them. Those that love the world have great vexation,
for it does not answer what they expect; those that love God's
word have great peace, for it outdoes what they expect. Those in
whom this holy love reigns, will not perplex themselves with
needless scruples, or take offence at their brethren. A good
hope of salvation will engage the heart in doing the
commandments. And our love to the word of God must subdue our
lusts, and root out carnal affections: we must make heart work
of it, or we make nothing of it. We must keep the commandments
of God by obedience to them, and his promises by reliance on
them. God's eye is on us at all times; this should make us very
careful to keep his commandments.

#169-176 The psalmist desired grace and strength to lift up his
prayers, and that the Lord would receive and notice them. He
desired to know more of God in Christ; to know more of the
doctrines of the word, and the duties of religion. He had a deep
sense of unworthiness, and holy fear that his prayer should not
come before God; Lord, what I pray for is, what thou hast
promised. We have learned nothing to purpose, if we have not
learned to praise God. We should always make the word of God the
rule of our discourse, so as never to transgress it by sinful
speaking, or sinful silence. His own hands are not sufficient,
nor can any creature lend him help; therefore he looks up to
God, that the hand that had made him may help him. He had made
religion his deliberate choice. There is an eternal salvation
all the saints long for, and therefore they pray that God would
help their way to it. Let thy judgments help me; let all
ordinances and all providences, (both are God's judgments,)
further me in glorifying God; let them help me for that work. He
often looks back with shame and gratitude to his lost estate. He
still prays for the tender care of Him who purchased his flock
with his own blood, that he may receive from him the gift of
eternal life. Seek me, that is, Find me; for God never seeks in
vain. Turn me, and I shall be turned. Let this psalm be a
touchstone by which to try our hearts, and our lives. Do our
hearts, cleansed in Christ's blood, make these prayers,
resolutions and confessions our own? Is God's word the standard
of our faith, and the law of our practice? Do we use it as pleas
with Christ for what we need? Happy those who live in such
delightful exercises.
$-$-$- PS:120

* The psalmist prays to God to deliver him from false and
malicious tongues. (1-4) He complains of wicked neighbours.
(5-7)

#1-4 The psalmist was brought into great distress by a deceitful
tongue. May every good man be delivered from lying lips. They
forged false charges against him. In this distress, he sought
God by fervent prayer. God can bridle their tongues. He obtained
a gracious answer to this prayer. Surely sinners durst not act
as they do, if they knew, and would be persuaded to think, what
will be in the end thereof. The terrors of the Lord are his
arrows; and his wrath is compared to burning coals of juniper,
which have a fierce heat, and keep fire very long. This is the
portion of the false tongue; for all that love and make a lie,
shall have their portion in the lake that burns eternally.

#5-7 It is very grievous to a good man, to be cast into, and
kept in the company of the wicked, from whom he hopes to be for
ever separated. See here the character of a good man; he is for
living peaceably with all men. And let us follow David as he
prefigured Christ; in our distress let us cry unto the Lord, and
he will hear us. Let us follow after peace and holiness,
striving to overcome evil with good.
$-$-$- PS:121

* The safety of the godly.

- We must not rely upon men and means, instruments and second
causes. Shall I depend upon the strength of the hills? upon
princes and great men? No; my confidence is in God only. Or, we
must lift up our eyes above the hills; we must look to God who
makes all earthly things to us what they are. We must see all
our help in God; from him we must expect it, in his own way and
time. This psalm teaches us to comfort ourselves in the Lord,
when difficulties and dangers are greatest. It is almighty
wisdom that contrives, and almighty power that works the safety
of those that put themselves under God's protection. He is a
wakeful, watchful Keeper; he is never weary; he not only does
not sleep, but he does not so much as slumber. Under this shade
they may sit with delight and assurance. He is always near his
people for their protection and refreshment. The right hand is
the working hand; let them but turn to their duty, and they
shall find God ready to give them success. He will take care
that his people shall not fall. Thou shalt not be hurt, neither
by the open assaults, nor by the secret attempts of thine
enemies. The Lord shall prevent the evil thou fearest, and
sanctify, remove, or lighten the evil thou feelest. He will
preserve the soul, that it be not defiled by sin, and disturbed
by affliction; he will preserve it from perishing eternally. He
will keep thee in life and death; going out to thy labour in the
morning of thy days, and coming home to thy rest when the
evening of old age calls thee in. It is a protection for life.
The Spirit, who is their Preserver and Comforter, shall abide
with them for ever. Let us be found in our work, assured that
the blessings promised in this psalm are ours.
$-$-$- PS:122

* Esteem for Jerusalem. (1-5) Concern for its welfare. (6-9)

#1-5 The pleasure and profit from means of grace, should make us
disregard trouble and fatigue in going to them; and we should
quicken one another to what is good. We should desire our
Christian friends, when they have any good work in hand, to call
for us, and take us with them. With what readiness should we
think of the heavenly Jerusalem! How cheerfully should we bear
the cross and welcome death, in hopes of a crown of glory!
Jerusalem is called the beautiful city. It was a type of the
gospel church, which is compact together in holy love and
Christian communion, so that it is all as one city. If all the
disciples of Christ were of one mind, and kept the unity of the
Spirit in the bond of peace, their enemies would be deprived of
their chief advantages against them. But Satan's maxim always
has been, to divide that he may conquer; and few Christians are
sufficiently aware of his designs.

#6-9 Those who can do nothing else for the peace of Jerusalem,
may pray for it. Let us consider all who seek the glory of the
Redeemer, as our brethren and fellow-travellers, without
regarding differences which do not affect our eternal welfare.
Blessed Spirit of peace and love, who didst dwell in the soul of
the holy Jesus, descend into his church, and fill those who
compose it with his heavenly tempers; cause bitter contentions
to cease, and make us to be of one mind. Love of the brethren
and love to God, ought to stir us up to seek to be like the Lord
Jesus in fervent prayer and unwearied labour, for the salvation
of men, and the Divine glory.
$-$-$- PS:123

* Confidence in God under contempt.

- Our Lord Jesus has taught us to look unto God in prayer as our
Father in heaven. In every prayer a good man lifts up his soul
to God; especially when in trouble. We desire mercy from him; we
hope he will show us mercy, and we will continue waiting on him
till it come. The eyes of a servant are to his master's
directing hand, expecting that he will appoint him his work. And
also to his supplying hand. Servants look to their master or
their mistress for their portion of meat in due season. And to
God we must look for daily bread, for grace sufficient; from him
we must receive it thankfully. Where can we look for help but to
our Master? And, further, to his protecting hand. If the servant
is wronged and injured in his work, who should right him, but
his master? And to his correcting hand. Whither should sinners
turn but to him that smote them? They humble themselves under
God's mighty hand. And lastly, to his rewarding hand. Hypocrites
look to the world's hand, thence they have their reward; but
true Christians look to God as their Master and their Rewarder.
God's people find little mercy with men; but this is their
comfort, that with the Lord there is mercy. Scorning and
contempt have been, are, and are likely to be, the lot of God's
people in this world. It is hard to bear; but the servants of
God should not complain if they are treated as his beloved Son
was. Let us then, when ready to faint under trials, look unto
Jesus, and by faith and prayer cast ourselves upon the mercy of
God.
$-$-$- PS:124

* The deliverance of the church. (1-5) Thankfulness for the
deliverance. (6-8)

#1-5 God suffers the enemies of his people sometimes to prevail
very far against them, that his power may be seen the more in
their deliverance. Happy the people whose God is Jehovah, a God
all-sufficient. Besides applying this to any particular
deliverance wrought in our days and the ancient times, we should
have in our thoughts the great work of redemption by Jesus
Christ, by which believers were rescued from Satan.

#6-8 God is the Author of all our deliverances, and he must have
the glory. The enemies lay snares for God's people, to bring
them into sin and trouble, and to hold them there. Sometimes
they seem to prevail; but in the Lord let us put our trust, and
we shall not be put to confusion. The believer will ascribe all
the honour of his salvation, to the power, mercy, and truth of
God, and look back with wonder and thanksgiving on the way in
which the Lord has led him. Let us rejoice that our help for the
time to come is in him who made heaven and earth.
$-$-$- PS:125

* The security of the righteous. (1-3) Prayer for them, The ruin
of the wicked. (4,5)

#1-3 All those minds shall be truly stayed, that are stayed on
God. They shall be as Mount Zion, firm as it is; a mountain
supported by providence, much more as a holy mountain supported
by promise. They cannot be removed from confidence in God. They
abide for ever in that grace which is the earnest of their
everlasting continuance in glory. Committing themselves to God,
they shall be safe from their enemies. Even mountains may
moulder and come to nothing, and rocks be removed, but God's
covenant with his people cannot be broken, nor his care of them
cease. Their troubles shall last no longer than their strength
will bear them up under them. The rod of the wicked may come,
may fall upon the righteous, upon their persons, their estates,
their liberties, their families names, on any thing that falls
to their lot; only it cannot reach their souls. And though it
may come upon their lot, it shall not rest thereon. The Lord
will make all work together for their good. The wicked shall
only prove a correcting rod, not a destroying sword; even this
rod shall not remain upon them, lest they distrust the promise,
thinking God has cast them off.

#4,5 God's promises should quicken our prayers. The way of
holiness is straight; there are no windings or shiftings in it.
But the ways of sinners are crooked. They shift from one purpose
to another, and turn hither and thither to deceive; but
disappointment and misery shall befal them. Those who cleave to
the ways of God, though they may have trouble in their way,
their end shall be peace. The pleading of their Saviour for
them, secures to them the upholding power and preserving grace
of their God. Lord, number us with them, in time, and to
eternity.
$-$-$- PS:126

* Those returned out of captivity are to be thankful. (1-3)
Those yet in captivity are encouraged. (4-6)

#1-3 It is good to observe how God's deliverances of the church
are for us, that we may rejoice in them. And how ought
redemption from the wrath to come, from the power of sin and of
Satan, to be valued! The sinner convinced of his guilt and
danger, when by looking to a crucified Saviour he receives peace
to his conscience, and power to break off his sins, often can
scarcely believe that the prospect which opens to him is a
reality.

#4-6 The beginnings of mercies encourage us to pray for the
completion of them. And while we are in this world there will be
matter for prayer, even when we are most furnished with matter
for praise. Suffering saints are often in tears; they share the
calamities of human life, and commonly have a greater share than
others. But they sow in tears; they do the duty of an afflicted
state. Weeping must not hinder sowing; we must get good from
times of affliction. And they that sow, in the tears of godly
sorrow, to the Spirit, shall of the Spirit reap life
everlasting; and that will be a joyful harvest indeed. Blessed
are those that mourn, for they shall be for ever comforted. When
we mourn for our sins, or suffer for Christ's sake, we are
sowing in tears, to reap in joy. And remember that God is not
mocked; for whatever a man soweth that shall he reap, #Ga
6:7-9|. Here, O disciple of Jesus, behold an emblem of thy
present labour and future reward; the day is coming when thou
shalt reap in joy, plentiful shall be thy harvest, and great
shall be thy joy in the Lord.
$-$-$- PS:127

* The value of the Divine blessing.

- Let us always look to God's providence. In all the affairs and
business of a family we must depend upon his blessing. 1. For
raising a family. If God be not acknowledged, we have no reason
to expect his blessing; and the best-laid plans fail, unless he
crowns them with success. 2. For the safety of a family or a
city. Except the Lord keep the city, the watchmen, though they
neither slumber nor sleep, wake but in vain; mischief may break
out, which even early discoveries may not be able to prevent. 3.
For enriching a family. Some are so eager upon the world, that
they are continually full of care, which makes their comforts
bitter, and their lives a burden. All this is to get money; but
all in vain, except God prosper them: while those who love the
Lord, using due diligence in their lawful callings, and casting
all their care upon him, have needful success, without
uneasiness or vexation. Our care must be to keep ourselves in
the love of God; then we may be easy, whether we have little or
much of this world. But we must use the proper means very
diligently. Children are God's gifts, a heritage, and a reward;
and are to be accounted blessings, and not burdens: he who sends
mouths, will send meat, if we trust in him. They are a great
support and defence to a family. Children who are young, may be
directed aright to the mark, God's glory, and the service of
their generation; but when they are gone into the world, they
are arrows out of the hand, it is too late to direct them then.
But these arrows in the hand too often prove arrows in the
heart, a grief to godly parents. Yet, if trained according to
God's word, they generally prove the best defence in declining
years, remembering their obligations to their parents, and
taking care of them in old age. All earthly comforts are
uncertain, but the Lord will assuredly comfort and bless those
who serve him; and those who seek the conversion of sinners,
will find that their spiritual children are their joy and crown
in the day of Jesus Christ.
$-$-$- PS:128

* The blessings of those who fear God.

- Only those who are truly holy, are truly happy. In vain do we
pretend to be of those that fear God, if we do not make
conscience of keeping stedfastly to his ways. Blessed is every
one that fears the Lord; whether he be high or low, rich or poor
in the world. If thou fear him and walk in his ways, all shall
be well with thee while thou livest, better when thou diest,
best of all in eternity. By the blessing of God, the godly shall
get an honest livelihood. Here is a double promise; they shall
have something to do, for an idle life is a miserable,
uncomfortable life, and shall have health and strength, and
power of mind to do it. They shall not be forced to live upon
the labours of other people. It is as much a mercy as a duty,
with quietness to work and eat our own bread. They and theirs
shall enjoy what they get. Such as fear the Lord and walk in his
ways, are the only happy persons, whatever their station in life
may be. They shall have abundant comfort in their family
relations. And they shall have all the good things God has
promised, and which they pray for. A good man can have little
comfort in seeing his children's children, unless he sees peace
upon Israel. Every true believer rejoices in the prosperity of
the church. Hereafter we shall see greater things, with the
everlasting peace and rest that remain for the Israel of God.
$-$-$- PS:129

* Thankfulness for former deliverances. (1-4) A believing
prospect of the destruction of the enemies of Zion. (5-8)

#1-4 The enemies of God's people have very barbarously
endeavoured to wear out the saints of the Most High. But the
church has been always graciously delivered. Christ has built
his church upon a rock. And the Lord has many ways of disabling
wicked men from doing the mischief they design against his
church. The Lord is righteous in not suffering Israel to be
ruined; he has promised to preserve a people to himself.

#5-8 While God's people shall flourish as the loaded palm-tree,
or the green and fruitful olive, their enemies shall wither as
the grass upon the house-tops, which in eastern countries are
flat, and what grows there never ripens; so it is with the
designs of God's enemies. No wise man will pray the Lord to
bless these mowers or reapers. And when we remember how Jesus
arose and reigns; how his people have been supported, like the
burning but unconsumed bush, we shall not fear.
$-$-$- PS:130

* The psalmist's hope in prayer. (1-4) His patience in hope.
(5-8)

#1-4 The only way of relief for a sin-entangled soul, is by
applying to God alone. Many things present themselves as
diversions, many things offer themselves as remedies, but the
soul finds that the Lord alone can heal. And until men are
sensible of the guilt of sin, and quit all to come at once to
God, it is in vain for them to expect any relief. The Holy Ghost
gives to such poor souls a fresh sense of their deep necessity,
to stir them up in earnest applications, by the prayer of faith,
by crying to God. And as they love their souls, as they are
concerned for the glory of the Lord, they are not to be wanting
in this duty. Why is it that these matters are so long uncertain
with them? Is it not from sloth and despondency that they
content themselves with common and customary applications to
God? Then let us up and be doing; it must be done, and it is
attended with safety. We are to humble ourselves before God, as
guilty in his sight. Let us acknowledge our sinfulness; we
cannot justify ourselves, or plead not guilty. It is our
unspeakable comfort that there is forgiveness with him, for that
is what we need. Jesus Christ is the great Ransom; he is ever an
Advocate for us, and through him we hope to obtain forgiveness.
There is forgiveness with thee, not that thou mayest be presumed
upon, but that thou mayest be feared. The fear of God often is
put for the whole worship of God. The only motive and
encouragement for sinners is this, that there is forgiveness
with the Lord.

#5-8 It is for the Lord that my soul waits, for the gifts of his
grace, and the working of his power. We must hope for that only
which he has promised in his word. Like those who wish to see
the dawn, being very desirous that light would come long before
day; but still more earnestly does a good man long for the
tokens of God's favour, and the visits of his grace. Let all
that devote themselves to the Lord, cheerfully stay themselves
on him. This redemption is redemption from all sin. Jesus Christ
saves his people from their sins, both from the condemning and
from the commanding power of sin. It is plenteous redemption;
there is an all-sufficient fulness in the Redeemer, enough for
all, enough for each; therefore enough for me, says the
believer. Redemption from sin includes redemption from all other
evils, therefore it is a plenteous redemption, through the
atoning blood of Jesus, who shall redeem his people from all
their sins. All that wait on God for mercy and grace, are sure
to have peace.
$-$-$- PS:131

* The psalmist's humility. Believers encouraged to trust in God.

- The psalmist aimed at nothing high or great, but to be content
in every condition God allotted. Humble saints cannot think so
well of themselves as others think of them. The love of God
reigning in the heart, will subdue self-love. Where there is a
proud heart, there is commonly a proud look. To know God and our
duty, is learning sufficiently high for us. It is our wisdom not
to meddle with that which does not belong to us. He was well
reconciled to every condition the Lord placed him in. He had
been as humble as a little child about the age of weaning, and
as far from aiming at high things; as entirely at God's
disposal, as the child at the disposal of the mother or nurse.
We must become as little children, #Mt 18:3|. Our hearts are
desirous of worldly things, cry for them, and are fond of them;
but, by the grace of God, a soul that is made holy, is weaned
from these things. The child is cross and fretful while in the
weaning; but in a day or two it cares no longer for milk, and it
can bear stronger food. Thus does a converted soul quiet itself
under the loss of what it loved, and disappointments in what it
hoped for, and is easy whatever happens. When our condition is
not to our mind, we must bring our mind to our condition; then
we are easy to ourselves and all about us; then our souls are as
a weaned child. And thus the psalmist recommends confidence in
God, to all the Israel of God, from his own experience. It is
good to hope, and quietly to wait for the salvation of the Lord
under every trial.
$-$-$- PS:132

* David's care for the ark. (1-10) The promises of God. (11-18)

#1-10 David bound himself to find a place for the Lord, for the
ark, the token of God's presence. When work is to be done for
the Lord, it is good to tie ourselves to a time. It is good in
the morning to fix upon work for the day, with submission to
Providence, for we know not what a day may bring forth. And we
should first, and without delay, seek to have our own hearts
made a habitation of God through the Spirit. He prays that God
would take up his dwelling in the habitation he had built; that
he would give grace to the ministers of the sanctuary to do
their duty. David pleads that he was the anointed of the Lord,
and this he pleads as a type of Christ, the great Anointed. We
have no merit of our own to plead; but, for His sake, in whom
there is a fulness of merit, let us find favour. And every true
believer in Christ, is an anointed one, and has received from
the Holy One the oil of true grace. The request is, that God
would not turn away, but hear and answer their petitions for his
Son's sake.

#11-18 The Lord never turns from us when we plead the covenant
with his anointed Prophet, Priest, and King. How vast is the
love of God to man, that he should speak thus concerning his
church! It is his desire to dwell with us; yet how little do we
desire to dwell with him! He abode in Zion till the sins of
Israel caused him to give them up to the spoilers. Forsake us
not, O God, and deliver us not in like manner, sinful though we
are. God's people have a special blessing on common enjoyments,
and that blessing puts peculiar sweetness into them. Zion's poor
have reason to be content with a little of this world, because
they have better things prepared for them. God will abundantly
bless the nourishment of the new man, and satisfy the poor in
spirit with the bread of life. He gives more than we ask, and
when he gives salvation, he will give abundant joy. God would
bring to nothing every design formed to destroy the house of
David, until King Messiah should arise out of it, to sit upon
the throne of his Father. In him all the promises centre. His
enemies, who will not have him to reign over them, shall at the
last day be clothed with shame and confusion for ever.
$-$-$- PS:133

* The excellency of brotherly love.

- We cannot say too much, it were well if enough could be said,
to persuade people to live together in peace. It is good for us,
for our honour and comfort; and brings constant delight to those
who live in unity. The pleasantness of this is likened to the
holy anointing oil. This is the fruit of the Spirit, the proof
of our union with Christ, and adorns his gospel. It is
profitable as well as pleasing; it brings blessings numerous as
the drops of dew. It cools the scorching heat of men's passions,
as the dews cool the air and refresh the earth. It moistens the
heart, and makes it fit to receive the good seed of the word,
and to make it fruitful. See the proof of the excellency of
brotherly love: where brethren dwell together in unity, the Lord
commands the blessing. God commands the blessing; man can but
beg a blessing. Believers that live in love and peace, shall
have the God of love and peace with them now, and they shall
shortly be with him for ever, in the world of endless love and
peace. May all who love the Lord forbear and forgive one
another, as God, for Christ's sake, hath forgiven them.
$-$-$- PS:134

* An exhortation to bless the Lord.

- We must stir up ourselves to give glory to God, and encourage
ourselves to hope for mercy and grace from him. It is an
excellent plan to fill up all our spare minutes with pious
meditations, and prayers and praises. No time would then be a
burden, nor should we murder our hours by trifling conversation
and vain amusements, or by carnal indulgences. We need desire no
more to make us happy, than to be blessed of the Lord. We ought
to beg spiritual blessings, not only for ourselves, but for
others; not only, The Lord bless me, but, The Lord bless thee;
thus testifying our belief that there is enough for others as
well as for us, and showing our good will to others.
$-$-$- PS:135

* God to be praised for his mercy. (1-4) For his power and
judgments. (5-14) The vanity of idols. (15-21)

#1-4 The subject-matter of praise, is the blessings of grace
flowing from the everlasting love of God. The name of God as a
covenant God and Father in Christ, blessing us with all
spiritual blessings in him, is to be loved and praised. The Lord
chose a people to himself, that they might be unto him for a
name and a praise. If they do not praise him for this
distinguishing favour, they are the most unworthy and ungrateful
of all people.

#5-14 God is, and will be always, the same to his church, a
gracious, faithful, wonder-working God. And his church is, and
will be, the same to him, a thankful, praising people: thus his
name endures for ever. He will return in ways of mercy to them,
and will delight to do them good.

#15-21 These verses arm believers against idolatry and all false
worship, by showing what sort of gods the heathen worshipped.
And the more deplorable the condition of the Gentile nations
that worship idols, the more are we to be thankful that we know
better. Let us pity, and pray for, and seek to benefit benighted
heathens and deluded sinners. Let us endeavour to glorify his
name, and recommend his truth, not only with our lips, but by
holy lives, copying the example of Christ's goodness and truth.
$-$-$- PS:136

* God to be praised as the Creator of the world. (1-9) As
Israel's God and Saviour. (10-22) For his blessings to all.
(23-26)

#1-9 Forgetful as we are, things must be often repeated to us.
By "mercy" we understand the Lord's disposition to save those
whom sin has rendered miserable and vile, and all the provision
he has made for the redemption of sinners by Jesus Christ. The
counsels of this mercy have been from everlasting, and the
effects of it will endure for ever, to all who are interested in
it. The Lord continues equally ready to show mercy to all who
seek for it, and this is the source of all our hope and comfort.

#10-22 The great things God did for Israel, when he brought them
out of Egypt, were mercies which endured long to them; and our
redemption by Christ, which was typified thereby, endures for
ever. It is good to enter into the history of God's favours, and
in each to observe, and own, that his mercy endureth for ever.
He put them in possession of a good land; it was a figure of the
mercy of our Lord Jesus Christ.

#23-26 God's everlasting mercy is here praised for the
redemption of his church; in all his glories, and all his gifts.
Blessed be God, who has provided and made known to us salvation
through his Son. May we know and feel his redeeming power, that
we may serve him in righteousness all our days. May He who
giveth food to all flesh, feed our souls unto eternal life, and
enliven our affections by his grace, that we may give thanks and
praise to his holy name, for his mercy endureth for ever. Let us
trace up all the favours we receive to this true source, and
offer praise continually.
$-$-$- PS:137

* The Jews bewail their captivity. (1-4) Their affection for
Jerusalem. (5-9)

#1-4 Their enemies had carried the Jews captive from their own
land. To complete their woes, they insulted over them; they
required of them mirth and a song. This was very barbarous; also
profane, for no songs would serve but the songs of Zion.
Scoffers are not to be compiled with. They do not say, How shall
we sing, when we are so much in sorrow? but, It is the Lord's
song, therefore we dare not sing it among idolaters.

#5-9 What we love, we love to think of. Those that rejoice in
God, for his sake make Jerusalem their joy. They stedfastly
resolved to keep up this affection. When suffering, we should
recollect with godly sorrow our forfeited mercies, and our sins
by which we lost them. If temporal advantages ever render a
profession, the worst calamity has befallen him. Far be it from
us to avenge ourselves; we will leave it to Him who has said,
Vengeance is mine. Those that are glad at calamities, especially
at the calamities of Jerusalem, shall not go unpunished. We
cannot pray for promised success to the church of God without
looking to, though we do not utter a prayer for, the ruin of her
enemies. But let us call to mind to whose grace and finished
salvation alone it is, that we have any hopes of being brought
home to the heavenly Jerusalem.
$-$-$- PS:138

* The psalmist praises God for answering prayer. (1-5) The
Lord's dealing with the humble and the proud. (6-8)

#1-5 When we can praise God with our whole heart, we need not be
unwilling for the whole world to witness our gratitude and joy
in him. Those who rely on his loving-kindness and truth through
Jesus Christ, will ever find him faithful to his word. If he
spared not his own Son, how shall he not with him freely give us
all things? If God gives us strength in our souls, to bear the
burdens, resist the temptations, and to do the duties of an
afflicted state, if he strengthens us to keep hold of himself by
faith, and to wait with patience for the event, we are bound to
be thankful.

#6-8 Though the Lord is high, yet he has respect to every lowly,
humbled sinner; but the proud and unbelieving will be banished
far from his blissful presence. Divine consolations have enough
in them to revive us, even when we walk in the midst of
troubles. And God will save his own people that they may be
revived by the Holy Spirit, the Giver of life and holiness. If
we give to God the glory of his mercy, we may take to ourselves
the comfort. This confidence will not do away, but quicken
prayer. Whatever good there is in us, it is God works in us both
to will and to do. The Lord will perfect the salvation of every
true believer, and he will never forsake those whom he has
created anew in Christ Jesus unto good works.
$-$-$- PS:139

* God knows all things. (1-6) He is every where present. (7-16)
The psalmist's hatred to sin, and desire to be led aright.
(17-24)

#1-6 God has perfect knowledge of us, and all our thoughts and
actions are open before him. It is more profitable to meditate
on Divine truths, applying them to our own cases, and with
hearts lifted to God in prayer, than with a curious or disputing
frame of mind. That God knows all things, is omniscient; that he
is every where, is omnipresent; are truths acknowledged by all,
yet they are seldom rightly believed in by mankind. God takes
strict notice of every step we take, every right step and every
by step. He knows what rule we walk by, what end we walk toward,
what company we walk with. When I am withdrawn from all company,
thou knowest what I have in my heart. There is not a vain word,
not a good word, but thou knowest from what thought it came, and
with what design it was uttered. Wherever we are, we are under
the eye and hand of God. We cannot by searching find how God
searches us out; nor do we know how we are known. Such thoughts
should restrain us from sin.

#7-16 We cannot see God, but he can see us. The psalmist did not
desire to go from the Lord. Whither can I go? In the most
distant corners of the world, in heaven, or in hell, I cannot go
out of thy reach. No veil can hide us from God; not the thickest
darkness. No disguise can save any person or action from being
seen in the true light by him. Secret haunts of sin are as open
before God as the most open villanies. On the other hand, the
believer cannot be removed from the supporting, comforting
presence of his Almighty Friend. Should the persecutor take his
life, his soul will the sooner ascend to heaven. The grave
cannot separate his body from the love of his Saviour, who will
raise it a glorious body. No outward circumstances can separate
him from his Lord. While in the path of duty, he may be happy in
any situation, by the exercise of faith, hope, and prayer.

#17-24 God's counsels concerning us and our welfare are deep,
such as cannot be known. We cannot think how many mercies we
have received from him. It would help to keep us in the fear of
the Lord all the day long, if, when we wake in the morning, our
first thoughts were of him: and how shall we admire and bless
our God for his precious salvation, when we awake in the world
of glory! Surely we ought not to use our members and senses,
which are so curiously fashioned, as instruments of
unrighteousness unto sin. But our immortal and rational souls
are a still more noble work and gift of God. Yet if it were not
for his precious thoughts of love to us, our reason and our
living for ever would, through our sins, prove the occasion of
our eternal misery. How should we then delight to meditate on
God's love to sinners in Jesus Christ, the sum of which exceeds
all reckoning! Sin is hated, and sinners lamented, by all who
fear the Lord. Yet while we shun them we should pray for them;
with God their conversion and salvation are possible. As the
Lord knows us thoroughly, and we are strangers to ourselves, we
should earnestly desire and pray to be searched and proved by
his word and Spirit. if there be any wicked way in me, let me
see it; and do thou root it out of me. The way of godliness is
pleasing to God, and profitable to us; and will end in
everlasting life. It is the good old way. All the saints desire
to be kept and led in this way, that they may not miss it, turn
out of it, or tire in it.
$-$-$- PS:140

* David encourages himself in God. (1-7) He prays for, and
prophesies the destruction of, his persecutors. (8-13)

#1-7 The more danger appears, the more earnest we should be in
prayer to God. All are safe whom the Lord protects. If he be for
us, who can be against us? We should especially watch and pray,
that the Lord would hold up our goings in his ways, that our
footsteps slip not. God is as able to keep his people from
secret fraud as from open force; and the experience we have had
of his power and care, in dangers of one kind, may encourage us
to depend upon him in other dangers.

#8-13 Believers may pray that God would not grant the desires of
the wicked, nor further their evil devices. False accusers will
bring mischief upon themselves, even the burning coals of Divine
vengeance. And surely the righteous shall dwell in God's
presence, and give him thanks for evermore. This is true
thanksgiving, even thanks-living: this use we should make of all
our deliverances, we should serve God the more closely and
cheerfully. Those who, though evil spoken of and ill-used by
men, are righteous in the sight of God, being justified by the
righteousness of Christ, which is imputed to them, and received
by faith, as the effect of which, they live soberly and
righteously; these give thanks to the Lord, for the
righteousness whereby they are made righteous, and for every
blessing of grace, and mercy of life.
$-$-$- PS:141

* David prays for God's acceptance and assistance. (1-4) That
God would appear for his rescue. (5-10)

#1-4 Make haste unto me. Those that know how to value God's
gracious presence, will be the more fervent in their prayers.
When presented through the sacrifice and intercession of the
Saviour, they will be as acceptable to God as the daily
sacrifices and burnings of incense were of old. Prayer is a
spiritual sacrifice, it is the offering up the soul and its best
affections. Good men know the evil of tongue sins. When enemies
are provoking, we are in danger of speaking unadvisedly. While
we live in an evil world, and have such evil hearts, we have
need to pray that we may neither be drawn nor driven to do any
thing sinful. Sinners pretend to find dainties in sin; but those
that consider how soon sin will turn into bitterness, will dread
such dainties, and pray to God to take them out of their sight,
and by his grace to turn their hearts against them. Good men
pray against the sweets of sin.

#5-10 We should be ready to welcome the rebuke of our heavenly
Father, and also the reproof of our brethren. It shall not break
my head, if it may but help to break my heart: we must show that
we take it kindly. Those who slighted the word of God before,
will be glad of it when in affliction, for that opens the ear to
instruction. When the world is bitter, the word is sweet. Let us
lift our prayer unto God. Let us entreat him to rescue us from
the snares of Satan, and of all the workers of iniquity. In
language like this psalm, O Lord, would we entreat that our poor
prayers should set forth our only hope, our only dependence on
thee. Grant us thy grace, that we may be prepared for this
employment, being clothed with thy righteousness, and having all
the gifts of thy Spirit planted in our hearts.
$-$-$- PS:142

* David's comfort in prayer.

- There can be no situation so distressing or dangerous, in
which faith will not get comfort from God by prayer. We are apt
to show our troubles too much to ourselves, poring upon them,
which does us no service; whereas, by showing them to God, we
might cast the cares upon him who careth for us, and thereby
ease ourselves. Nor should we allow any complaint to ourselves
or others, which we cannot make to God. When our spirits are
overwhelmed by distress, and filled with discouragement; when we
see snares laid for us on every side, while we walk in his way,
we may reflect with comfort that the Lord knoweth our path.
Those who in sincerity take the Lord for their God, find him
all-sufficient, as a Refuge, and as a Portion: every thing else
is a refuge of lies, and a portion of no value. In this
situation David prayed earnestly to God. We may apply it
spiritually; the souls of believers are often straitened by
doubts and fears. And it is then their duty and interest to beg
of God to set them at liberty, that they may run the way of his
commandments. Thus the Lord delivered David from his powerful
persecutors, and dealt bountifully with him. Thus he raised the
crucified Redeemer to the throne of glory, and made him Head
over all things for his church. Thus the convinced sinner cries
for help, and is brought to praise the Lord in the company of
his redeemed people; and thus all believers will at length be
delivered from this evil world, from sin and death, and praise
their Saviour for ever.
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* David complains of his enemies and distresses. (1-6) He prays
for comfort, guidance, and deliverance. (7-12)

#1-6 We have no righteousness of our own to plead, therefore
must plead God's righteousness, and the word of promise which he
has freely given us, and caused us to hope in. David, before he
prays for the removal of his trouble, prays for the pardon of
his sin, and depends upon mercy alone for it. He bemoans the
weight upon his mind from outward troubles. But he looks back,
and remembers God's former appearance for his afflicted people,
and for him in particular. He looks round, and notices the works
of God. The more we consider the power of God, the less we shall
fear the face or force of man. He looks up with earnest desires
towards God and his favour. This is the best course we can take,
when our spirits are overwhelmed. The believer will not forget,
that in his best actions he is a sinner. Meditation and prayer
will recover us from distresses; and then the mourning soul
strives to return to the Lord as the infant stretches out its
hands to the indulgent mother, and thirsts for his consolations
as the parched ground for refreshing rain.

#7-12 David prays that God would be well pleased with him, and
let him know that he was so. He pleads the wretchedness of his
case, if God withdrew from him. But the night of distress and
discouragement shall end in a morning of consolation and praise.
He prays that he might be enlightened with the knowledge of
God's will; and this is the first work of the Spirit. A good man
does not ask the way in which is the most pleasant walking, but
what is the right way. Not only show me what thy will is, but
teach me how to do it. Those who have the Lord for their God,
have his Spirit for their Guide; they are led by the Spirit. He
prays that he might be enlivened to do God's will. But we should
especially seek the destruction of our sins, our worst enemies,
that we may be devotedly God's servants.
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* David acknowledges the great goodness of God, and prays for
help. (1-8) He prays for the prosperity of his kingdom. (9-15)

#1-8 When men become eminent for things as to which they have
had few advantages, they should be more deeply sensible that God
has been their Teacher. Happy those to whom the Lord gives that
noblest victory, conquest and dominion over their own spirits. A
prayer for further mercy is fitly begun with a thanksgiving for
former mercy. There was a special power of God, inclining the
people of Israel to be subject to David; it was typical of the
bringing souls into subjection to the Lord Jesus. Man's days
have little substance, considering how many thoughts and cares
of a never-dying soul are employed about a poor dying body.
Man's life is as a shadow that passes away. In their highest
earthly exaltation, believers will recollect how mean, sinful,
and vile they are in themselves; thus they will be preserved
from self-importance and presumption. God's time to help his
people is, when they are sinking, and all other helps fail.

#9-15 Fresh favours call for fresh returns of thanks; we must
praise God for the mercies we hope for by his promise, as well
as those we have received by his providence. To be saved from
the hurtful sword, or from wasting sickness, without deliverance
from the dominion of sin and the wrath to come, is but a small
advantage. The public prosperity David desired for his people,
is stated. It adds much to the comfort and happiness of parents
in this world, to see their children likely to do well. To see
them as plants, not as weeds, not as thorns; to see them as
plants growing, not withered and blasted; to see them likely to
bring forth fruit unto God in their day; to see them in their
youth growing strong in the Spirit. Plenty is to be desired,
that we may be thankful to God, generous to our friends, and
charitable to the poor; otherwise, what profit is it to have our
garners full? Also, uninterrupted peace. War brings abundance of
mischiefs, whether it be to attack others or to defend
ourselves. And in proportion as we do not adhere to the worship
and service of God, we cease to be a happy people. The subjects
of the Saviour, the Son of David, share the blessings of his
authority and victories, and are happy because they have the
Lord for their God.
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* David extols the power, goodness, and mercy of the Lord. (1-9)
The glory of God's kingdom, and his care of those that love him.
(10-21)

#1-9 Those who, under troubles and temptations, abound in
fervent prayer, shall in due season abound in grateful praise,
which is the true language of holy joy. Especially we should
speak of God's wondrous work of redemption, while we declare his
greatness. For no deliverance of the Israelites, nor the
punishment of sinners, so clearly proclaims the justice of God,
as the cross of Christ exhibits it to the enlightened mind. It
may be truly said of our Lord Jesus Christ, that his words are
words of goodness and grace; his works are works of goodness and
grace. He is full of compassion; hence he came into the world to
save sinners. When on earth, he showed his compassion both to
the bodies and souls of men, by healing the one, and making wise
the other. He is of great mercy, a merciful High Priest, through
whom God is merciful to sinners.

#10-21 All God's works show forth his praises. He satisfies the
desire of every living thing, except the unreasonable children
of men, who are satisfied with nothing. He does good to all the
children of men; his own people in a special manner. Many
children of God, who have been ready to fall into sin, to fall
into despair, have tasted his goodness in preventing their
falls, or recovering them speedily by his graces and comforts.
And with respect to all that are heavy laden under the burden of
sin, if they come to Christ by faith, he will ease them, he will
raise them. He is very ready to hear and answer the prayers of
his people. He is present every where; but in a special way he
is nigh to them, as he is not to others. He is in their hearts,
and dwells there by faith, and they dwell in him. He is nigh to
those that call upon him, to help them in all times of need. He
will be nigh to them, that they may have what they ask, and find
what they seek, if they call upon him in truth and sincerity.
And having taught men to love his name and holy ways, he will
save them from the destruction of the wicked. May we then love
his name, and walk in his ways, while we desire that all flesh
should bless his holy name for ever and ever.
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* Why we should not trust in men. (1-4) Why we should trust in
God. (5-10)

#1-4 If it is our delight to praise the Lord while we live, we
shall certainly praise him to all eternity. With this glorious
prospect before us, how low do worldly pursuits seem! There is a
Son of man in whom there is help, even him who is also the Son
of God, who will not fail those that trust in him. But all other
sons of men are like the man from whom they sprung, who, being
in honour, did not abide. God has given the earth to the
children of men, but there is great striving about it. Yet,
after a while, no part of the earth will be their own, except
that in which their dead bodies are laid. And when man returns
to his earth, in that very day all his plans and designs vanish
and are gone: what then comes of expectations from him?

#5-10 The psalmist encourages us to put confidence in God. We
must hope in the providence of God for all we need as to this
life, and in the grace of God for that which is to come. The God
of heaven became a man that he might become our salvation.
Though he died on the cross for our sins, and was laid in the
grave, yet his thoughts of love to us did not perish; he rose
again to fulfil them. When on earth, his miracles were examples
of what he is still doing every day. He grants deliverance to
captives bound in the chains of sin and Satan. He opens the eyes
of the understanding. He feeds with the bread of life those who
hunger for salvation; and he is the constant Friend of the poor
in spirit, the helpless: with him poor sinners, that are as
fatherless, find mercy; and his kingdom shall continue for ever.
Then let sinners flee to him, and believers rejoice in him. And
as the Lord shall reign for ever, let us stir up each other to
praise his holy name.
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* The people of God are exhorted to praise him for his mercies
and care. (1-11) For the salvation and prosperity of the church.
(12-20)

#1-11 Praising God is work that is its own wages. It is comely;
it becomes us as reasonable creatures, much more as people in
covenant with God. He gathers outcast sinners by his grace, and
will bring them into his holy habitation. To those whom God
heals with the consolations of his Spirit, he speaks peace,
assures them their sins are pardoned. And for this, let others
praise him also. Man's knowledge is soon ended; but God's
knowledge is a dept that can never be fathomed. And while he
telleth the number of the stars, he condescends to hear the
broken-hearted sinner. While he feeds the young ravens, he will
not leave his praying people destitute. Clouds look dull and
melancholy, yet without them we could have no rain, therefore no
fruit. Thus afflictions look black and unpleasant; but from
clouds of affliction come showers that make the soul to yield
the peaceable fruits of righteousness. The psalmist delights not
in things wherein sinners trust and glory; but a serious and
suitable regard to God is, in his sight, of very great price. We
are not to be in doubt between hope and fear, but to act under
the gracious influences of hope and fear united.

#12-20 The church, like Jerusalem of old, built up and preserved
by the wisdom, power, and goodness of God, is exhorted to praise
him for all the benefits and blessings vouchsafed to her; and
these are represented by his favours in the course of nature.
The thawing word may represent the gospel of Christ, and the
thawing wind the Spirit of Christ; for the Spirit is compared to
the wind, #Joh 3:8|. Converting grace softens the heart that was
hard frozen, and melts it into tears of repentance, and makes
good reflections to flow, which before were chilled and stopped
up. The change which the thaw makes is very evident, yet how it
is done no one can say. Such is the change wrought in the
conversion of a soul, when God's word and Spirit are sent to
melt it and restore it to itself.
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* The creatures placed in the upper world called on to praise
the Lord. (1-6) Also the creatures of this lower world,
especially his own people. (7-14)

#1-6 We, in this dark and sinful world, know little of the
heavenly world of light. But we know that there is above us a
world of blessed angels. They are always praising God, therefore
the psalmist shows his desire that God may be praised in the
best manner; also we show that we have communion with spirits
above, who are still praising him. The heavens, with all
contained in them, declare the glory of God. They call on us,
that both by word and deed, we glorify with them the Creator and
Redeemer of the universe.

#7-14 Even in this world, dark and bad as it is, God is praised.
The powers of nature, be they ever so strong, so stormy, do what
God appoints them, and no more. Those that rebel against God's
word, show themselves to be more violent than even the stormy
winds, yet they fulfil it. View the surface of the earth,
mountains and all hills; from the barren tops of some, and the
fruitful tops of others, we may fetch matter for praise. And
assuredly creatures which have the powers of reason, ought to
employ themselves in praising God. Let all manner of persons
praise God. Those of every rank, high and low. Let us show that
we are his saints by praising his name continually. He is not
only our Creator, but our Redeemer; who made us a people near
unto him. We may by "the Horn of his people" understand Christ,
whom God has exalted to be a Prince and a Saviour, who is indeed
the defence and the praise of all his saints, and will be so for
ever. In redemption, that unspeakable glory is displayed, which
forms the source of all our hopes and joys. May the Lord pardon
us, and teach our hearts to love him more and praise him better.
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* Joy to all the people of God. (1-5) Terror to their enemies.
(6-9)

#1-5 New mercies continually demand new songs of praise, upon
earth and in heaven. And the children of Zion have not only to
bless the God who made them, but to rejoice in him, as having
created them in Christ Jesus unto good works, and formed them
saints as well as men. The Lord takes pleasure in his people;
they should rejoice in Him. When the Lord has made sinners feel
their wants and unworthiness, he will adorn them with the graces
of his Spirit, and cause them to bear his image, and rejoice in
his happiness for ever. Let his saints employ their waking hours
upon their beds in songs of praise. Let them rejoice, even upon
the bed of death, assured that they are going to eternal rest
and glory.

#6-9 Some of God's servants of old were appointed to execute
vengeance according to his word. They did not do it from
personal revenge or earthly politics, but in obedience to God's
command. And the honour intended for all the saints of God,
consists in their triumphs over the enemies of their salvation.
Christ never intended his gospel should be spread by fire and
sword, or his righteousness by the wrath of man. But let the
high praises of God be in our mouths, while we wield the sword
of the word of God, with the shield of faith, in warfare with
the world, the flesh, and the devil. The saints shall be more
than conquerors over the enemies of their souls, through the
blood of the Lamb and the word of his testimony. The completing
of this will be in the judgement of the great day. Then shall
the judgement be executed. Behold Jesus, and his gospel church,
chiefly in her millennial state. He and his people rejoice in
each other; by their prayers and efforts they work with him,
while he goes forth in the chariots of salvation, conquering
sinners by grace, or in chariots of vengeance, to destroy his
enemies.
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* A psalm of praise.

- We are here stirred up to praise God. Praise God for his
sanctuary, and the privileges we enjoy by having it among us;
praise him because of his power and glory in the firmament.
Those who praise the Lord in heaven, behold displays of his
power and glory which we cannot now conceive. But the greatest
of all his mighty acts is known in his earthly sanctuary. The
holiness and the love of our God are more displayed in man's
redemption, than in all his other works. Let us praise our God
and Saviour for it. We need not care to know what instruments of
music are mentioned. Hereby is meant that in serving God we
should spare no cost or pains. Praise God with strong faith;
praise him with holy love and delight; praise him with entire
confidence in Christ; praise him with believing triumph over the
powers of darkness; praise him by universal respect to all his
commands; praise him by cheerful submission to all his
disposals; praise him by rejoicing in his love, and comforting
ourselves in his goodness; praise him by promoting the interests
of the kingdom of his grace; praise him by lively hope and
expectation of the kingdom of his glory. Since we must shortly
breathe our last, while we have breath let us praise the Lord;
then we shall breathe our last with comfort. Let every thing
that hath breath praise the Lord. Praise ye the Lord. Such is
the very suitable end of a book inspired by the Spirit of God,
written for the work of praise; a book which has supplied the
songs of the church for more than three thousand years; a book
which is quoted more frequently than any other by Christ and his
apostles; a book which presents the loftiest ideas of God and
his government, which is fitted to every state of human life,
which sets forth every state of religious experience, and which
bears simple and clear marks of its Divine origin.