BibleWare/BibWare.bin/bibref/mhc.exe/2KI.TXT

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* The revolt of Moab-Sickness of Ahaziah, king of Israel. (1-8)
Fire called from heaven by Elijah-Death of Ahaziah. (9-18)

#1-8 When Ahaziah rebelled against the Lord, Moab revolted from
him. Sin weakens and impoverishes us. Man's revolt from God is
often punished by the rebellion of those who owe subjection to
him. Ahaziah fell through a lattice, or railing. Wherever we go,
there is but a step between us and death. A man's house is his
castle, but not to secure him against God's judgments. The whole
creation, which groans under the burden of man's sin, will, at
length, sink and break under the weight like this lattice. He is
never safe that has God for his enemy. Those that will not
inquire of the word of God for their comfort, shall hear it to
their terror, whether they will or no.

#9-18 Elijah called for fire from heaven, to consume the
haughty, daring sinners; not to secure himself, but to prove his
mission, and to reveal the wrath of God from heaven, against the
ungodliness and unrighteousness of men. Elijah did this by a
Divine impulse, yet our Saviour would not allow the disciples to
do the like, #Lu 9:54|. The dispensation of the Spirit and of
grace by no means allowed it. Elijah was concerned for God's
glory, those for their own reputation. The Lord judges men's
practices by their principles, and his judgment is according to
truth. The third captain humbled himself, and cast himself upon
the mercy of God and Elijah. There is nothing to be got by
contending with God; and those are wise for themselves, who
learn submission from the fatal end of obstinacy in others. The
courage of faith has often struck terror into the heart of the
proudest sinner. So thunderstruck is Ahaziah with the prophet's
words, that neither he, nor any about him, offer him violence.
Who can harm those whom God shelters? Many who think to prosper
in sin, are called hence like Ahaziah, when they do not expect
it. All warns us to seek the Lord while he may be found.
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* Elijah divides Jordan. (1-8) Elijah is taken up into heaven.
(9-12) Elisha is manifested to be Elijah's successor. (13-18)
Elisha heals the waters of Jericho, Those that mocked Elisha
destroyed. (19-25)

#1-8 The Lord had let Elijah know that his time was at hand. He
therefore went to the different schools of the prophets to give
them his last exhortations and blessing. The removal of Elijah
was a type and figure of the ascension of Christ, and the
opening of the kingdom of heaven to all believers. Elisha had
long followed Elijah, and he would not leave him now when he
hoped for the parting blessing. Let not those who follow Christ
come short by tiring at last. The waters of Jordan, of old,
yielded to the ark; now, to the prophet's mantle, as a token of
God's presence. When God will take up his faithful ones to
heaven, death is the Jordan which they must pass through, and
they find a way through it. The death of Christ has divided
those waters, that the ransomed of the Lord may pass over. O
death, where is thy sting, thy hurt, thy terror!

#9-12 That fulness, from whence prophets and apostles had all
their supply, still exists as of old, and we are told to ask
large supplies from it. Diligent attendance upon Elijah,
particularly in his last hours, would be proper means for Elisha
to obtain much of his spirit. The comforts of departing saints,
and their experiences, help both to gild our comforts and to
strengthen our resolutions. Elijah is carried to heaven in a
fiery chariot. Many questions might be asked about this, which
could not be answered. Let it suffice that we are told, what his
Lord, when he came, found him doing. He was engaged in serious
discourse, encouraging and directing Elisha about the kingdom of
God among men. We mistake, if we think preparation for heaven is
carried on only by contemplation and acts of devotion. The
chariot and horses appeared like fire, something very glorious,
not for burning, but brightness. By the manner in which Elijah
and Enoch were taken from this world, God gave a glimpse of the
eternal life brought to light by the gospel, of the glory
reserved for the bodies of the saints, and of the opening of the
kingdom of heaven to all believers. It was also a figure of
Christ's ascension. Though Elijah was gone triumphantly to
heaven, yet this world could ill spare him. Surely their hearts
are hard, who feel not, when God, by taking away faithful,
useful men, calls for weeping and mourning. Elijah was to
Israel, by his counsels, reproofs, and prayers, better than the
strongest force of chariot and horse, and kept off the judgments
of God. Christ bequeathed to his disciples his precious gospel,
like Elijah's mantle; the token of the Divine power being
exerted to overturn the empire of Satan, and to set up the
kingdom of God in the world. The same gospel remains with us,
though the miraculous powers are withdrawn, and it has Divine
strength for the conversion and salvation of sinners.

#13-18 Elijah left his mantle to Elisha; as a token of the
descent of the Spirit upon him; it was more than if he had left
him thousands of gold and silver. Elisha took it up, not as a
sacred relic to be worshipped, but as a significant garment to
be worn. Now that Elijah was taken to heaven, Elisha inquired,
1. After God; when our creature-comforts are removed, we have a
God to go to, who lives for ever. 2. After the God that Elijah
served, and honoured, and pleaded for. The Lord God of the holy
prophets is the same yesterday, to-day, and for ever; but what
will it avail us to have the mantles of those that are gone,
their places, their books, if we have not their spirit, their
God? See Elisha's dividing the river; God's people need not fear
at last passing through the Jordan of death as on dry ground.
The sons of the prophets made a needless search for Elijah. Wise
men may yield to that, for the sake of peace, and the good
opinion of others, which yet their judgment is against, as
needless and fruitless. Traversing hills and valleys will never
bring us to Elijah, but following the example of his holy faith
and zeal will, in due time.

#19-25 Observe the miracle of healing the waters. Prophets
should make every place to which they come better for them,
endeavouring to sweeten bitter spirits, and to make barren souls
fruitful, by the word of God, which is like the salt cast into
the water by Elisha. It was an apt emblem of the effect produced
by the grace of God on the sinful heart of man. Whole families,
towns, and cities, sometimes have a new appearance through the
preaching of the gospel; wickedness and evil have been changed
into fruitfulness in the works of righteousness, which are,
through Christ, to the praise and glory of God. Here is a curse
on the youths of Bethel, enough to destroy them; it was not a
curse causeless, for it was Elisha's character, as God's
prophet, that they abused. They bade him "go up," reflecting on
the taking up of Elijah into heaven. The prophet acted by Divine
impulse. If the Holy Spirit had not directed Elisha's solemn
curse, the providence of God would not have followed it with
judgment. The Lord must be glorified as a righteous God who
hates sin, and will reckon for it. Let young persons be afraid
of speaking wicked words, for God notices what they say. Let
them not mock at any for defects in mind or body; especially it
is at their peril, if they scoff at any for well doing. Let
parents that would have comfort in their children, train them up
well, and do their utmost betimes to drive out the foolishness
that is bound up in their hearts. And what will be the anguish
of those parents, at the day of judgment, who witness the
everlasting condemnation of their offspring, occasioned by their
own bad example, carelessness, or wicked teaching!
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* Jehoram, king of Israel. (1-5) War with Moab, The intercession
of Elisha. (6-19) Water supplied, Moab overcome. (20-27)

#1-5 Jehoram took warning by God's judgment, and put away the
image of Baal, yet he maintained the worship of the calves.
Those do not truly repent or reform, who only part with the sins
they lose by, but continue to love the sins that they think to
gain by.

#6-19 The king of Israel laments their distress, and the danger
they were in. He called these kings together, yet he charges it
upon Providence. Thus the foolishness of man perverteth his way,
and then his heart fretteth against the Lord, #Pr 19:3|. It was
well that Jehoshaphat inquired of the Lord now, but it had been
much better if he had done it before he engaged in this war.
Good men sometimes neglect their duty, till necessity and
affliction drive them to it. Wicked people often fare the better
for the friendship and society of the godly. To try their faith
and obedience, Elisha bids them make the valley full of pits to
receive water. Those who expect God's blessings, must dig pools
for the rain to fill, as in the valley of Baca, and thus make
even that a well, #Ps 84:6|. We need not inquire whence the
water came. God is not tied to second causes. They that
sincerely seek for the dew of God's grace, shall have it, and by
it be made more than conquerors.

#20-27 It is a blessing to be favoured with the company of those
who have power with God, and can prevail by their prayers. A
kingdom may be upheld and prosper, in consequence of the fervent
prayers of those who are dear to God. May we place our highest
regard upon such as are most precious in his account. When
sinners are saying Peace, peace, destruction comes upon them:
despair will follow their mad presumption. In Satan's service
and at his suggestion, such horrid deeds have been done, as
cause the natural feelings of the heart to shudder; like the
king of Moab's sacrificing his son. It is well not to urge the
worst of men to extremities; we should rather leave them to the
judgment of God.
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* Elisha multiplies the widow's oil. (1-7) The Shunammite
obtains a son. (8-17) The Shunammite's son restored to life.
(18-37) The miracle of healing the pottage, and of feeding the
sons of the prophets. (38-44)

#1-7 Elisha's miracles were acts of real charity: Christ's were
so; not only great wonders, but great favours to those for whom
they were wrought. God magnifies his goodness with his power.
Elisha readily received a poor widow's complaint. Those that
leave their families under a load of debt, know not what trouble
they cause. It is the duty of all who profess to follow the
Lord, while they trust to God for daily bread, not to tempt him
by carelessness or extravagance, nor to contract debts; for
nothing tends more to bring reproach upon the gospel, or
distresses their families more when they are gone. Elisha put
the widow in a way to pay her debt, and to maintain herself and
her family. This was done by miracle, but so as to show what is
the best method to assist those who are in distress, which is,
to help them to improve by their own industry what little they
have. The oil, sent by miracle, continued flowing as long as she
had empty vessels to receive it. We are never straitened in God,
or in the riches of his grace; all our straitness is in
ourselves. It is our faith that fails, not his promise. He gives
more than we ask: were there more vessels, there is enough in
God to fill them; enough for all, enough for each; and the
Redeemer's all-sufficiency will only be stayed from the
supplying the wants of sinners and saving their souls, when no
more apply to him for salvation. The widow must pay her debt
with the money she received for her oil. Though her creditors
were too hard with her, yet they must be paid, even before she
made any provision for her children. It is one of the main laws
of the Christian religion, that we pay every just debt, and give
every one his own, though we leave ever so little for ourselves;
and this, not of constraint, but for conscience' sake. Those who
bear an honest mind, cannot with pleasure eat their daily bread,
unless it be their own bread. She and her children must live
upon the rest; that is, upon the money received for the oil,
with which they must put themselves into a way to get an honest
livelihood. We cannot now expect miracles, yet we may expect
mercies, if we wait on God, and seek to him. Let widows in
particular depend upon him. He that has all hearts in his hand,
can, without a miracle, send as effectual a supply.

#8-17 Elisha was well thought of by the king of Israel for his
late services; a good man can take as much pleasure in serving
others, as in raising himself. But the Shunammite needed not any
good offices of this kind. It is a happiness to dwell among our
own people, that love and respect us, and to whom we are able to
do good. It would be well with many, if they did but know when
they are really well off. The Lord sees the secret wish which is
suppressed in obedience to his will, and he will hear the
prayers of his servants in behalf of their benefactors, by
sending unasked-for and unexpected mercies; nor must the
professions of men of God be supposed to be delusive like those
of men of the world.

#18-37 Here is the sudden death of the child. All the mother's
tenderness cannot keep alive a child of promise, a child of
prayer, one given in love. But how admirably does the prudent,
pious mother, guard her lips under this sudden affliction! Not
one peevish word escapes from her. Such confidence had she of
God's goodness, that she was ready to believe that he would
restore what he had now taken away. O woman, great is thy faith!
He that wrought it, would not disappoint it. The sorrowful
mother begged leave of her husband to go to the prophet at once.
She had not thought it enough to have Elisha's help sometimes in
her own family, but, though a woman of rank, attended on public
worship. It well becomes the men of God, to inquire about the
welfare of their friends and their families. The answer was, It
is well. All well, and yet the child dead in the house! Yes! All
is well that God does; all is well with them that are gone, if
they are gone to heaven; and all well with us that stay behind,
if, by the affliction, we are furthered in our way thither. When
any creature-comfort is taken from us, it is well if we can say,
through grace, that we did not set our hearts too much upon it;
for if we did, we have reason to fear it was given in anger, and
taken away in wrath. Elisha cried unto God in faith; and the
beloved son was restored alive to his mother. Those who would
convey spiritual life to dead souls, must feel deeply for their
case, and labour fervently in prayer for them. Though the
minister cannot give Divine life to his fellow-sinners, he must
use every means, with as much earnestness as if he could do so.

#38-44 There was a famine of bread, but not of hearing the word
of God, for Elisha had the sons of the prophets sitting before
him, to hear his wisdom. Elisha made hurtful food to become safe
and wholesome. If a mess of pottage be all our dinner, remember
that this great prophet had no better for himself and his
guests. The table often becomes a snare, and that which should
be for our welfare, proves a trap: this is a good reason why we
should not feed ourselves without fear. When we are receiving
the supports and comforts of life, we must keep up an
expectation of death, and a fear of sin. We must acknowledge
God's goodness in making our food wholesome and nourishing; I am
the Lord that healeth thee. Elisha also made a little food go a
great way. Having freely received, he freely gave. God has
promised his church, that he will abundantly bless her
provision, and satisfy her poor with bread, #Ps 132:15|; whom he
feeds, he fills; and what he blesses, comes to much. Christ's
feeding his hearers was a miracle far beyond this, but both
teach us that those who wait upon God in the way of duty, may
hope to be supplied by Divine Providence.
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* Naaman's leprosy. (1-8) The cure of it. (9-14) Elisha refuses
Naaman's gifts. (15-19) Gehazi's covetousness and falsehood.
(20-27)

#1-8 Though the Syrians were idolaters, and oppressed God's
people, yet the deliverance of which Naaman had been the means,
is here ascribed to the Lord. Such is the correct language of
Scripture, while those who write common history, plainly show
that God is not in all their thoughts. No man's greatness, or
honour, can place him our of the reach of the sorest calamities
of human life: there is many a sickly, crazy body under rich and
gay clothing. Every man has some but or other, something that
blemishes and diminishes him, some allay to his grandeur, some
damp to his joy. This little maid, though only a girl, could
give an account of the famous prophet the Israelites had among
them. Children should be early told of the wondrous works of
God, that, wherever they go, they may talk of them. As became a
good servant, she desired the health and welfare of her master,
though she was a captive, a servant by force; much more should
servants by choice, seek their masters' good. Servants may be
blessings to the families where they are, by telling what they
know of the glory of God, and the honour of his prophets. Naaman
did not despise what she told, because of her meanness. It would
be well if men were as sensible of the burden of sin as they are
of bodily disease. And when they seek the blessings which the
Lord sends in answer to the prayers of his faithful people, they
will find nothing can be had, except they come as beggars for a
free gift, not as lords to demand or purchase.

#9-14 Elisha knew Naaman to be a proud man, and he would let him
know, that before the great God all men stand upon the same
level. All God's commands make trial of men's spirits,
especially those which direct a sinner how to apply for the
blessings of salvation. See in Naaman the folly of pride; a cure
will not content him, unless he be cured with pomp and parade.
He scorns to be healed, unless he be humoured. The way by which
a sinner is received and made holy, through the blood, and by
the Spirit of Christ, through faith alone in his name, does not
sufficiently humour or employ self, to please the sinner's
heart. Human wisdom thinks it can supply wiser and better
methods of cleansing. Observe, masters should be willing to hear
reason. As we should be deaf to the counsel of the ungodly,
though given by great and respected names, so we are to have our
ears open to good advice, though brought by those below us.
Wouldst thou not do any thing? When diseased sinners are content
to do any thing, to submit to any thing, to part with any thing,
for a cure, then, and not till then, is there any hope of them.
The methods for the healing of the leprosy of sin, are so plain,
that we are without excuse if we do not observe them. It is but,
Believe, and be saved; Repent, and be pardoned; Wash, and be
clean. The believer applies for salvation, not neglecting,
altering, or adding to the Saviour's directions; he is thus made
clean from guilt, while others, who neglect them, live and die
in the leprosy of sin.

#15-19 The mercy of the cure affected Naaman more than the
miracle. Those are best able to speak of the power of Divine
grace, who themselves experience it. He also shows himself
grateful to Elisha the prophet. Elijah refused any recompence,
not because he thought it unlawful, for he received presents
from others, but to show this new convert that the servants of
the God of Israel looked upon worldly wealth with a holy
contempt. The whole work was from God, in such a manner, that
the prophet would not give counsel when he had no directions
from the Lord. It is not well violently to oppose the lesser
mistakes which unite with men's first convictions; we cannot
bring men forward any faster than the Lord prepares them to
receive instruction. Yet as to us, if, in covenanting with God,
we desire to reserve any known sin, to continue to indulge
ourselves in it, that is a breach of his covenant. Those who
truly hate evil, will make conscience of abstaining from all
appearances of evil.

#20-27 Naaman, a Syrian, a courtier, a soldier, had many
servants, and we read how wise and good they were. Elisha, a
holy prophet, a man of God, has but one servant, and he proves a
base liar. The love of money, that root of all evil, was at the
bottom of Gehazi's sin. He thought to impose upon the prophet,
but soon found that the Spirit of prophecy could not be
deceived, and that it was in vain to lie to the Holy Ghost. It
is folly to presume upon sin, in hopes of secrecy. When thou
goest aside into any by-path, does not thy own conscience go
with thee? Does not the eye of God go with thee? He that covers
his sin, shall not prosper; particularly, a lying tongue is but
for a moment. All the foolish hopes and contrivances of carnal
worldlings are open before God. It is not a time to increase our
wealth, when we can only do it in such ways as are dishonourable
to God and religion, or injurious to others. Gehazi was
punished. If he will have Naaman's money, he shall have his
disease with it. What was Gehazi profited, though he gained two
talents, when thereby he lost his health, his honour, his peace,
his service, and, if repentance prevented not, his soul for
ever? Let us beware of hypocrisy and covetousness, and dread the
curse of spiritual leprosy remaining on our souls.
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* The sons of the prophets enlarge their habitations, Iron made
to swim. (1-7) Elisha discloses the counsels of the Syrians.
(8-12) Syrians sent to seize Elisha. (13-23) Samaria besieged, A
famine, The king sends to slay Elisha. (24-33)

#1-7 There is that pleasantness in the converse of servants of
God, which can make those who listen to them forget the pain and
the weariness of labour. Even the sons of the prophets must not
be unwilling to labour. Let no man think an honest employment a
burden or a disgrace. And labour of the head, is as hard, and
very often harder, than labour with the hands. We ought to be
careful of that which is borrowed, as of our own, because we
must do as we would be done by. This man was so respecting the
axe-head. And to those who have an honest mind, the sorest
grievance of poverty is, not so much their own want and
disgrace, as being rendered unable to pay just debts. But the
Lord cares for his people in their smallest concerns. And God's
grace can thus raise the stony iron heart, which is sunk into
the mud of this world, and raise up affections, naturally
earthly.

#8-12 The king of Israel regarded the warnings Elisha gave him,
of danger from the Syrians, but would not heed the warnings of
danger from his sins. Such warnings are little heeded by most;
they would save themselves from death, but will not from hell.
Nothing that is done, said, or thought, by any person, in any
place, at any time, is out of God's knowledge.

#13-23 What Elisha said to his servant is spoken to all the
faithful servants of God, when without are fightings, and within
are fears. Fear not, with that fear which has torment and
amazement; for they that are with us, to protect us, are more
than they that are against us, to destroy us. The eyes of his
body were open, and with them he saw the danger. Lord, open the
eyes of our faith, that with them we may see thy protecting
hand. The clearer sight we have of the sovereignty and power of
Heaven, the less we shall fear the troubles of earth. Satan, the
god of this world, blinds men's eyes, and so deludes them unto
their own ruin; but when God enlightens their eyes, they see
themselves in the midst of their enemies, captives to Satan, and
in danger of hell, though, before, they thought their condition
good. When Elisha had the Syrians at his mercy, he made it
appear that he was influenced by Divine goodness as well as
Divine power. Let us not be overcome of evil, but overcome evil
with good. The Syrians saw it was to no purpose to try to
assault so great and so good a man.

#24-33 Learn to value plenty, and to be thankful for it; see how
contemptible money is, when in time of famine it is so freely
parted with for any thing that is eatable! The language of
Jehoram to the woman may be the language of despair. See the
word of God fulfilled; among the threatenings of God's judgments
upon Israel for their sins, this was one, that they should eat
the flesh of their own children, #De 28:53-57|. The truth and
the awful justice of God were displayed in this horrible
transaction. Alas! what miseries sin has brought upon the world!
But the foolishness of man perverts his way, and then his heart
frets against the Lord. The king swears the death of Elisha.
Wicked men will blame any one as the cause of their troubles,
rather than themselves, and will not leave their sins. If
rending the clothes, without a broken and contrite heart, would
avail, if wearing sackcloth, without being renewed in the spirit
of their mind, would serve, they would not stand out against the
Lord. May the whole word of God increase in us reverent fear and
holy hope, that we may be stedfast and immovable, always
abounding in the work of the Lord, knowing that our labour is
not in vain in the Lord.
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* Elisha prophesies plenty. (1,2) The flight of the Syrian army.
(3-11) Samaria plentifully supplied. (12-20)

#1,2 Man's extremity is God's opportunity of making his own
power to be glorious: his time to appear for his people is when
their strength is gone. Unbelief is a sin by which men greatly
dishonour and displease God, and deprive themselves of the
favours he designed for them. Such will be the portion of those
that believe not the promise of eternal life; they shall see it
at a distance, but shall never taste of it. But no temporal
deliverances and mercies will in the end profit sinners, unless
they are led to repentance by the goodness of God.

#3-11 God can, when he pleases, make the stoutest heart to
tremble; and as for those who will not fear God, he can make
them fear at the shaking of a leaf. Providence ordered it, that
the lepers came as soon as the Syrians were fled. Their
consciences told them that mischief would befall them, if they
took care of themselves only. Natural humanity, and fear of
punishment, are powerful checks on the selfishness of the
ungodly. These feelings tend to preserve order and kindness in
the world; but they who have found the unsearchable riches of
Christ, will not long delay to report the good tidings to
others. From love to him, not from selfish feelings, they will
gladly share their earthly good things with their brethren.

#12-20 Here see the wants of Israel supplied in a way they
little thought of, which should encourage us to depend upon the
power and goodness of God in our greatest straits. God's promise
may be safely relied on, for no word of his shall fall to the
ground. The nobleman that questioned the truth of Elisha's word,
saw the plenty, to silence and shame his unbelief, and therein
saw his own folly; but he did not eat of the plenty he saw.
Justly do those find the world's promises fail them, who think
that the promises of God will disappoint them. Learn how deeply
God resents distrust of his power, providence, and promise: how
uncertain life is, and the enjoyments of it: how certain God's
threatenings are, and how sure to come on the guilty. May God
help us to inquire whether we are exposed to his threatenings,
or interested in his promises.
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* A famine in Israel, The Shunammite obtains her land. (1-6)
Elisha consulted by Hazael, Death of Benhadad. (7-15) Jehoram's
wicked reign in Judah. (16-24) Ahaziah's wicked reign in Judah.
(25-29)

#1-6 The kindness of the good Shunammite to Elisha, was rewarded
by the care taken of her in famine. It is well to foresee an
evil, and wisdom, when we foresee it, to hide ourselves if we
lawfully may do so. When the famine was over, she returned out
of the land of the Philistines; that was no proper place for an
Israelite, any longer than there was necessity for it. Time was
when she dwelt so securely among her own people, that she had no
occasion to be spoken for to the king; but there is much
uncertainty in this life, so that things or persons may fail us
which we most depend upon, and those befriend us which we think
we shall never need. Sometimes events, small in themselves,
prove of consequence, as here; for they made the king ready to
believe Gehazi's narrative, when thus confirmed. It made him
ready to grant her request, and to support a life which was
given once and again by miracle.

#7-15 Among other changes of men's minds by affliction, it often
gives other thoughts of God's ministers, and teaches to value
the counsels and prayers of those whom they have hated and
despised. It was not in Hazael's countenance that Elisha read
what he would do, but God revealed it to him, and it fetched
tears from his eyes: the more foresight men have, the more grief
they are liable to. It is possible for a man, under the
convictions and restraints of natural conscience, to express
great abhorrence of a sin, yet afterwards to be reconciled to
it. Those that are little and low in the world, cannot imagine
how strong the temptations of power and prosperity are, which,
if ever they arrive at, they will find how deceitful their
hearts are, how much worse than they suspected. The devil ruins
men, by saying they shall certainly recover and do well, so
rocking them asleep in security. Hazael's false account was an
injury to the king, who lost the benefit of the prophet's
warning to prepare for death, and an injury to Elisha, who would
be counted a false prophet. It is not certain that Hazael
murdered his master, or if he caused his death it may have been
without any design. But he was a dissembler, and afterwards
proved a persecutor to Israel.

#16-24 A general idea is given of Jehoram's badness. His father,
no doubt, had him taught the true knowledge of the Lord, but did
ill to marry him to the daughter of Ahab; no good could come of
union with an idolatrous family.

#25-29 Names do not make natures, but it was bad for
Jehoshaphat's family to borrow names from Ahab's. Ahaziah's
relation to Ahab's family was the occasion of his wickedness and
of his fall. When men choose wives for themselves, let them
remember they are choosing mothers for their children.
Providence so ordered it, that Ahaziah might be cut off with the
house of Ahab, when the measure of their iniquity was full.
Those who partake with sinners in their sin, must expect to
partake with them in their plagues. May all the changes,
troubles, and wickedness of the world, make us more earnest to
obtain an interest in the salvation of Christ.
$-$-$- 2KI:9

* Elisha sends to anoint Jehu. (1-10) Jehu and the captains.
(11-15) Joram and Ahaziah slain by Jehu. (16-29) Jezebel eaten
by dogs. (30-37)

#1-10 In these and the like events, we must acknowledge the
secret working of God, disposing men to fulfil his purposes
respecting them. Jehu was anointed king over Israel, by the
Lord's special choice. The Lord still had a remnant of his
people, and would yet preserve his worship among them. Of this
Jehu was reminded. He was commanded to destroy the house of
Ahab, and, as far as he acted in obedience to God, and upon
right principles, he needed not to regard reproach or
opposition. The murder of God's prophets is strongly noticed.
Jezebel persisted in idolatry and enmity to Jehovah and his
servants, and her iniquity was now full.

#11-15 Those who faithfully deliver the Lord's message to
sinners, have in all ages been treated as madmen. Their
judgment, speech, and conduct are contrary to those of other
men; they endure much in pursuit of objects, and are influenced
by motives, into which the others cannot enter. But above all,
the charge is brought by the worldly and ungodly of all sorts,
who are mad indeed; while the principles and practice of the
devoted servants of God, prove to be wise and reasonable. Some
faith in the word of God, seems to have animated Jehu to this
undertaking.

#16-29 Jehu was a man of eager spirit. The wisdom of God is seen
in the choice of those employed in his work. But it is not for
any man's reputation to be known by his fury. He that has rule
over his own spirit, is better than the mighty. Joram met Jehu
in the portion of Naboth. The circumstances of events are
sometimes ordered by Divine Providence to make the punishment
answer to the sin, as face answers to face in a glass. The way
of sin can never be the way of peace, #Isa 57:21|. What peace
can sinners have with God? No peace so long as sin is persisted
in; but when it is repented of and forsaken, there is peace.
Joram died as a criminal, under the sentence of the law. Ahaziah
was joined with the house of Ahab. He was one of them; he had
made himself so by sin. It is dangerous to join evil-doers; we
shall be entangled in guilt and misery by it.

#30-37 Instead of hiding herself, as one afraid of Divine
vengeance, Jezebel mocked at fear. See how a heart, hardened
against God, will brave it out to the last. There is not a surer
presage of ruin, than an unhumbled heart under humbling
providences. Let those look at Jezebel's conduct and fate, who
use arts to seduce others to commit wickedness, and to draw them
aside from the ways of truth and righteousness. Jehu called for
aid against Jezebel. When reformation-work is on foot, it is
time to ask, Who sides with it? Her attendants delivered her up.
Thus she was put to death. See the end of pride and cruelty, and
say, The Lord is righteous. When we pamper our bodies, let us
think how vile they are; shortly they will be a feast for worms
under ground, or beasts above ground. May we all flee from that
wrath which is revealed from heaven, against all ungodliness and
unrighteousness of men.
$-$-$- 2KI:10

* Ahab's sons and Ahaziah's brethren put to death. (1-14) Jehu
destroys the worshippers of Baal. (15-28) Jehu follows
Jeroboam's sins. (29-36)

#1-14 In the most awful events, though attended by the basest
crimes of man, the truth and justice of God are to be noticed;
and he never did nor can command any thing unjust or
unreasonable. Jehu destroyed all that remained of the house of
Ahab; all who had been partners in his wickedness. When we think
upon the sufferings and miseries of mankind, when we look
forward to the resurrection and last judgment, and think upon
the vast number of the wicked waiting their awful sentence of
everlasting fire; when the whole sum of death and misery has
been considered, the solemn question occurs, Who slew all these?
The answer is, SIN. Shall we then harbour sin in our bosoms, and
seek for happiness from that which is the cause of all misery?

#15-28 Is thine heart right? This is a question we should often
put to ourselves. I make a fair profession, have gained a
reputation among men, but, is my heart right? Am I sincere with
God? Jehonadab owned Jehu in the work, both of revenge and of
reformation. An upright heart approves itself to God, and seeks
no more than his acceptance; but if we aim at the applause of
men, we are upon a false foundation. Whether Jehu looked any
further we cannot judge. The law of God was express, that
idolaters were to be put to death. Thus idolatry was abolished
for the present out of Israel. May we desire that it be rooted
out of our hearts.

#29-36 It is justly questionable whether Jehu acted from a good
principle, and whether he did not take some false steps in doing
it; yet no services done for God shall go unrewarded. But true
conversion is not only from gross sin, but from all sin; not
only from false gods, but from false worships. True conversion
is not only from wasteful sins, but from gainful sins; not only
from sins which hurt our worldly interests, but from those that
support and befriend them; in forsaking which is the great trial
whether we can deny ourselves and trust God. Jehu showed great
care and zeal for rooting out a false religion, but in the true
religion he cared not, took no heed to please God and do his
duty. Those that are heedless, it is to be feared, are
graceless. The people were also careless, therefore it is not
strange that in those days the Lord began to cut Israel short.
They were short in their duty to God, therefore God cut them
short in their extent, wealth, and power.
$-$-$- 2KI:11

* Athaliah usurps the government of Judah, Jehoash made king.
(1-12) Athaliah put to death. (13-16) The worship of the Lord
restored. (17-21)

#1-12 Athaliah destroyed all she knew to be akin to the crown.
Jehoash, one of the king's sons, was hid. Now was the promise
made to David bound up in one life only, and yet it did not
fail. Thus to the Son of David, the Lord, according to his
promise, will secure a spiritual seed, hidden sometimes, and
unseen, but hidden in God's pavilion, and unhurt. Six years
Athaliah tyrannized. Then the king was brought forward. A child
indeed, but he had a good guardian, and, what was better, a good
God to go to With such joy and satisfaction must the kingdom of
Christ be welcomed into our hearts, when his throne is set up
there, and Satan the usurper is cast out. Say, Let the King,
even Jesus, live, for ever live and reign in my soul, and in all
the world.

#13-16 Athaliah hastened her own destruction. She herself was
the greatest traitor, and yet was first and loudest in crying,
Treason, treason! The most guilty are commonly the most forward
to reproach others.

#17-21 King and people would cleave most firmly to each other,
when both had joined themselves to the Lord. It is well with a
people, when all the changes that pass over them help to revive,
strengthen, and advance the interests of religion among them.
Covenants are of use, both to remind us of, and bind us to, the
duties already binding on us. They immediately abolished
idolatry; and, pursuant to the covenant with one another, they
expressed mutual readiness to help each other. The people
rejoiced, and Jerusalem was quiet. The way for people to be
joyful and at peace, is to engage fully in the service of God;
for the voice of joy and thanksgiving is in the dwellings of the
righteous, but there is no peace for the wicked.
$-$-$- 2KI:12

* Jehoash orders the repair of the temple. (1-16) He is slain by
his servants. (17-21)

#1-16 It is a great mercy to young people, especially to all
young men of rank, like Jehoash, to have those about them who
will instruct them to do what is right in the sight of the Lord;
and they do wisely and well for themselves, when willing to be
counselled and ruled. The temple was out of repair; Jehoash
orders the repair of the temple. The king was zealous. God
requires those who have power, to use it for the support of
religion, the redress of grievances, and repairing of decays.
The king employed the priests to manage, as most likely to be
hearty in the work. But nothing was done effectually till the
twenty-third year of his reign. Another method was therefore
taken. When public distributions are made faithfully, public
contributions will be made cheerfully. While they were getting
all they could for the repair of the temple, they did not break
in upon the stated maintenance of the priests. Let not the
servants of the temple be starved, under colour of repairing the
breaches of it. Those that were intrusted did the business
carefully and faithfully. They did not lay it out in ornaments
for the temple, till the other work was completed; hence we may
learn, in all our expenses, to prefer that which is most
needful, and, in dealing for the public, to deal as we would for
ourselves.

#17-21 Let us review the character of Jehoash, and consider what
we may learn from it. When we see what a sad conclusion there
was to so promising a beginning, it ought to make us seek into
our spiritual declinings. If we know any thing of Christ as the
foundation of our faith and hope, let us desire to know nothing
but Christ. May the work of the blessed Spirit on our souls be
manifest; may we see, feel, and be earnest, in seeking after
Jesus in all his fulness, suitableness, and grace, that our
souls may be brought over from dead works to serve the living
and true God.
$-$-$- 2KI:13

* Reign of Jehoahaz. (1-9) Jehoash, king of Israel, Elisha
dying. (10-19) Elisha's death, The victories of Jehoash. (20-25)

#1-9 It was the ancient honour of Israel that they were a
praying people. Jehoahaz, their king, in his distress, besought
the Lord; applied himself for help, but not to the calves; what
help could they give him? He sought the Lord. See how swift God
is to show mercy; how ready to hear prayer; how willing to find
a reason to be gracious; else he would not look so far back as
the ancient covenant Israel had so often broken, and forfeited.
Let this invite and engage us for ever to him; and encourage
even those who have forsaken him, to return and repent; for
there is forgiveness with him, that he may be feared. And if the
Lord answer the mere cry of distress for temporal relief, much
more will he regard the prayer of faith for spiritual blessings.

#10-19 Jehoash, the king, came to Elisha, to receive his dying
counsel and blessing. It may turn much to our spiritual
advantage, to attend the sick-beds and death-beds of good men,
that we may be encouraged in religion by the living comforts
they have from it in a dying hour. Elisha assured the king of
his success; yet he must look up to God for direction and
strength; must reckon his own hands not enough, but go on, in
dependence upon Divine aid. The trembling hands of the dying
prophet, as they signified the power of God, gave this arrow
more force than the hands of the king in his full strength. By
contemning the sign, the king lost the thing signified, to the
grief of the dying prophet. It is a trouble to good men, to see
those to whom they wish well, forsake their own mercies, and to
see them lose advantages against spiritual enemies.

#20-25 God has many ways to chastise a provoking people. Trouble
comes sometimes from that point whence we least feared it. The
mention of this invasion on the death of Elisha, shows that the
removal of God's faithful prophets is a presage of coming
judgments. His dead body was a means of giving life to another
dead body. This miracle was a confirmation of his prophecies.
And it may have reference to Christ, by whose death and burial,
the grave is made a safe and happy passage to life to all
believers. Jehoash was successful against the Syrians, just as
often as he had struck the ground with the arrows, then a stop
was put to his victories. Many have repented, when too late, of
distrusts and the straitness of their desires.
$-$-$- 2KI:14

* Amaziah's good reign. (1-7) Amaziah provokes Jehoash king of
Israel, and is overcome. (8-14) He is slain by conspirators.
(15-22) Wicked reign of Jeroboam II. (23-29)

#1-7 Amaziah began well, but did not go on so. It is not enough
to do that which our pious predecessors did, merely to keep up
the common usage, but we must do it as they did, from the same
principle of faith and devotion, and with the same sincerity and
resolution.

#8-14 For some time after the division of the kingdoms, Judah
suffered much from the enmity of Israel. After Asa's time, it
suffered more by the friendship of Israel, and by the alliance
made with them. Now we meet with hostility between them again.
How may a humble man smile to hear two proud and scornful men
set their wits on work, to vilify and undervalue one another!
Unholy success excites pride; pride excites contentions. The
effects of pride in others, are insufferable to those who are
proud themselves. These are the sources of trouble and sin in
private life; but when they arise between princes, they become
the misery of their whole kingdoms. Jehoash shows Amaziah the
folly of his challenge; Thine heart has lifted thee up. The root
of all sin is in the heart, thence it flows. It is not
Providence, the event, the occasion, whatever it is, that makes
men proud, secure, discontented, or the like, but their own
hearts do it.

#15-22 Amaziah survived his conqueror fifteen years. He was
slain by his own subjects. Azariah, or Uzziah, seems to have
been very young when his father was slain. Though the years of
his reign are reckoned from that event, he was not fully made
king till eleven years afterwards.

#23-29 God raised up the prophet Jonah, and by him declared the
purposes of his favour to Israel. It is a sign that God has not
cast off his people, if he continues faithful ministers among
them. Two reasons are given why God blessed them with those
victories: 1. Because the distress was very great, which made
them objects of his compassion. 2. Because the decree was not
yet gone forth for their destruction. Many prophets there had
been in Israel, but none left prophecies in writing till this
age, and their prophecies are part of the Bible. Hosea began to
prophesy in the reign of this Jeroboam. At the same time Amos
prophesied; soon after Micah, then Isaiah, in the days of Ahaz
and Hezekiah. Thus God, in the darkest and most degenerate ages
of the church, raised up some to be burning and shining lights
in it; to their own age, by their preaching and living, and a
few by their writings, to reflect light upon us in the last
times.
$-$-$- 2KI:15

* Reign of Azariah, or Uzziah, king of Judah. (1-7) The latter
kings of Israel. (8-31) Jotham, king of Judah. (32-38)

#1-7 Uzziah did for the most part that which was right. It was
happy for the kingdom that a good reign was a long one.

#8-31 This history shows Israel in confusion. Though Judah was
not without troubles, yet that kingdom was happy, compared with
the state of Israel. The imperfections of true believers are
very different from the allowed wickedness of ungodly men. Such
is human nature, such are our hearts, if left to themselves,
deceitful above all things, and desperately wicked. We have
reason to be thankful for restraints, for being kept out of
temptation, and should beg of God to renew a right spirit within
us.

#32-38 Jotham showed great respect to the temple. If magistrates
cannot do all they would, for the suppressing of vice and
profaneness, let them do the more to support and advance piety
and virtue.
$-$-$- 2KI:16

* Ahaz, king of Judah, His wicked reign. (1-9) Ahaz takes a
pattern from an idol's altar. (10-16) Ahaz spoils the temple.
(17-20)

#1-9 Few and evil were the days of Ahaz. Those whose hearts
condemn them, will go any where in a day of distress, rather
than to God. The sin was its own punishment. It is common for
those who bring themselves into straits by one sin, to try to
help themselves out by another.

#10-16 God's altar had hitherto been kept in its place, and in
use; but Ahaz put another in the room of it. The natural regard
of the mind of man to some sort of religion, is not easily
extinguished; but except it be regulated by the word, and by the
Spirit of God, it produces absurd superstitions, or detestable
idolatries. Or, at best, it quiets the sinner's conscience with
unmeaning ceremonies. Infidels have often been remarkable for
believing ridiculous falsehoods.

#17-20 Ahaz put contempt upon the sabbath, and thus opened a
wide inlet to all manner of sin. This he did for the king of
Assyria. When those who have had a ready passage to the house of
the Lord, turn it another way to please their neighbours, they
are going down-hill apace to ruin.
$-$-$- 2KI:17

* Reign of Hoshea in Israel, The israelites carried captives by
the Assyrians. (1-6) Captivity of the Israelites. (7-23) The
nations placed in the land of Israel. (24-41)

#1-6 When the measure of sin is filled up, the Lord will forbear
no longer. The inhabitants of Samaria must have endured great
affliction. Some of the poor Israelites were left in the land.
Those who were carried captives to a great distance, were mostly
lost among the nations.

#7-23 Though the destruction of the kingdom of the ten tribes
was but briefly related, it is in these verses largely commented
upon, and the reasons of it given. It was destruction from the
Almighty: the Assyrian was but the rod of his anger, #Isa 10:5|.
Those that bring sin into a country or family, bring a plague
into it, and will have to answer for all the mischief that
follows. And vast as the outward wickedness of the world is, the
secret sins, evil thoughts, desires, and purposes of mankind are
much greater. There are outward sins which are marked by infamy;
but ingratitude, neglect, and enmity to God, and the idolatry
and impiety which proceed therefrom, are far more malignant.
Without turning from every evil way, and keeping God's statutes,
there can be no true godliness; but this must spring from belief
of his testimony, as to wrath against all ungodliness and
unrighteousness, and his mercy in Christ Jesus.

#24-41 The terror of the Almighty will sometimes produce a
forced or feigned submission in unconverted men; like those
brought from different countries to inhabit Israel. But such
will form unworthy thoughts of God, will expect to please him by
outward forms, and will vainly try to reconcile his service with
the love of the world and the indulgence of their lusts. May
that fear of the Lord, which is the beginning of wisdom, possess
our hearts, and influence our conduct, that we may be ready for
every change. Wordly settlements are uncertain; we know not
whither we may be driven before we die, and we must soon leave
the world; but the righteous hath chosen that good part which
shall not be taken from him.
$-$-$- 2KI:18

* Good reign of Hezekiah in Judah, Idolatry. (1-8) Sennacherib
invades Judah. (9-16) Rabshakeh's blasphemies. (17-37)

#1-8 Hezekiah was a true son of David. Some others did that
which was right, but not like David. Let us not suppose that
when times and men are bad, they must needs grow worse and
worse; that does not follow: after many bad kings, God raised
one up like David himself. The brazen serpent had been carefully
preserved, as a memorial of God's goodness to their fathers in
the wilderness; but it was idle and wicked to burn incense to
it. All helps to devotion, not warranted by the word of God,
interrupt the exercise of faith; they always lead to
superstition and other dangerous evils. Human nature perverts
every thing of this kind. True faith needs not such aids; the
word of God, daily thought upon and prayed over, is all the
outward help we need.

#9-16 The descent Sennacherib made upon Judah, was a great
calamity to that kingdom, by which God would try the faith of
Hezekiah, and chastise the people. The secret dislike, the
hypocrisy, and lukewarmness of numbers, require correction; such
trials purify the faith and hope of the upright, and bring them
to simple dependence on God.

#17-37 Rabshakeh tries to convince the Jews, that it was to no
purpose for them to stand it out. What confidence is this
wherein thou trustest? It were well if sinners would submit to
the force of this argument, in seeking peace with God. It is,
therefore, our wisdom to yield to him, because it is in vain to
contend with him: what confidence is that which those trust in
who stand out against him? A great deal of art there is in this
speech of Rabshakeh; but a great deal of pride, malice,
falsehood, and blasphemy. Hezekiah's nobles held their peace.
There is a time to keep silence, as well as a time to speak; and
there are those to whom to offer any thing religious or
rational, is to cast pearls before swine. Their silence made
Rabshakeh yet more proud and secure. It is often best to leave
such persons to rail and blaspheme; a decided expression of
abhorrence is the best testimony against them. The matter must
be left to the Lord, who has all hearts in his hands, committing
ourselves unto him in humble submission, believing hope, and
fervent prayer.
$-$-$- 2KI:19

* Hezekiah receives an answer of peace. (1-7) Sennacherib's
letter. (8-19) His fall is prophesied. (20-34) The Assyrian army
destroyed, Sennacherib slain. (35-37)

#1-7 Hezekiah discovered deep concern at the dishonour done to
God by Rabshakeh's blasphemy. Those who speak from God to us, we
should in a particular manner desire to speak to God for us. The
great Prophet is the great Intercessor. Those are likely to
prevail with God, who lift up their hearts in prayer. Man's
extremity is God's opportunity. While his servants can speak
nothing but terror to the profane, the proud, and the
hypocritical, they have comfortable words for the discouraged
believer.

#8-19 Prayer is the never-failing resource of the tempted
Christian, whether struggling with outward difficulties or
inward foes. At the mercy-seat of his almighty Friend he opens
his heart, spreads his case, like Hezekiah, and makes his
appeal. When he can discern that the glory of God is engaged on
his side, faith gains the victory, and he rejoices that he shall
never be moved. The best pleas in prayer are taken from God's
honour.

#20-34 All Sennacherib's motions were under the Divine
cognizance. God himself undertakes to defend the city; and that
person, that place, cannot but be safe, which he undertakes to
protect. The invasion of the Assyrians probably had prevented
the land from being sown that year. The next is supposed to have
been the sabbatical year, but the Lord engaged that the produce
of the land should be sufficient for their support during those
two years. As the performance of this promise was to be after
the destruction of Sennacherib's army, it was a sign to
Hezekiah's faith, assuring him of that present deliverance, as
an earnest of the Lord's future care of the kingdom of Judah.
This the Lord would perform, not for their righteousness, but
his own glory. May our hearts be as good ground, that his word
may strike root therein, and bring forth fruit in our lives.

#35-37 That night which followed the sending of this message to
Hezekiah, the main body of their army was slain. See how weak
the mightiest men are before Almighty God. Who ever hardened
himself against Him and prospered? The king of Assyria's own
sons became his murderers. Those whose children are undutiful,
ought to consider whether they have not been so to their Father
in heaven? This history exhibits a strong proof of the good of
firm trust and confidence in God. He will afflict, but not
forsake his people. It is well when our troubles drive us to our
knees. But does it not reprove our unbelief? How unwilling are
we to rest on the declaration of Jehovah! How desirous to know
in what way he will save us! How impatient when relief is
delayed! But we must wait for the fulfilling of his word. Lord,
help our unbelief.
$-$-$- 2KI:20

* Hezekiah's sickness, His recovery in answer to prayer. (1-11)
Hezekiah shows his treasures to the ambassadors from Babylon,
His death. (12-21)

#1-11 Hezekiah was sick unto death, in the same year in which
the king of Assyria besieged Jerusalem. A warning to prepare for
death was brought to Hezekiah by Isaiah. Prayer is one of the
best preparations for death, because by it we fetch in strength
and grace from God, to enable us to finish well. He wept sorely:
some gather from hence that he was unwilling to die; it is in
the nature of man to dread the separation of soul and body.
There was also something peculiar in Hezekiah's case; he was now
in the midst of his usefulness. Let Hezekiah's prayer, see #Isa
38|. interpret his tears; in that is nothing which is like his
having been under that fear of death, which has bondage or
torment. Hezekiah's piety made his sick-bed easy. "O Lord,
remember now;" he does not speak as if God needed to be put in
mind of any thing by us; nor, as if the reward might be demanded
as due; it is Christ's righteousness only that is the purchase
of mercy and grace. Hezekiah does not pray, Lord, spare me; but,
Lord, remember me; whether I live or die, let me be thine. God
always hears the prayers of the broken in heart, and will give
health, length of days, and temporal deliverances, as much and
as long as is truly good for them. Means were to be used for
Hezekiah's recovery; yet, considering to what a height the
disease was come, and how suddenly it was checked, the cure was
miraculous. It is our duty, when sick, to use such means as are
proper to help nature, else we do not trust God, but tempt him.
For the confirmation of his faith, the shadow of the sun was
carried back, and the light was continued longer than usual, in
a miraculous manner. This work of wonder shows the power of God
in heaven as well as on earth, the great notice he takes of
prayer, and the great favour he bears to his chosen.

#12-21 The king of Babylon was at this time independent of the
king of Assyria, though shortly after subdued by him. Hezekiah
showed his treasures and armour, and other proofs of his wealth
and power. This was the effect of pride and ostentation, and
departing from simple reliance on God. He also seems to have
missed the opportunity of speaking to the Chaldeans, about Him
who had wrought the miracles which excited their attention, and
of pointing out to them the absurdity and evil of idolatry. What
is more common than to show our friends our houses and
possessions? But if we do this in the pride of ours hearts, to
gain applause from men, not giving praise to God, it becomes sin
in us, as it did in Hezekiah. We may expect vexation from every
object with which we are unduly pleased. Isaiah, who had often
been Hezekiah's comforter, is now is reprover. The blessed
Spirit is both, #Joh 16:7,8|. Ministers must be both, as there
is occasion. Hezekiah allowed the justice of the sentence, and
God's goodness in the respite. Yet the prospect respecting his
family and nation must have given him many painful feelings.
Hezekiah was indeed humbled for the pride of his heart. And
blessed are the dead who die in the Lord; for they rest from
their labours, and their works do follow them.
$-$-$- 2KI:21

* Wicked reign of Manasseh. (1-9) The prophetic denunciations
against Judah. (10-18) Wicked reign and death of Amon. (19-26)

#1-9 Young persons generally desire to become their own masters,
and to have early possession of riches and power. But this, for
the most part, ruins their future comfort, and causes mischief
to others. It is much happier when young persons are sheltered
under the care of parents or guardians, till age gives
experience and discretion. Though such young persons are less
indulged, they will afterwards be thankful. Manasseh wrought
much wickedness in the sight of the Lord, as if on purpose to
provoke him to anger; he did more evil than the nations whom the
Lord destroyed. Manasseh went on from bad to worse, till carried
captive to Babylon. The people were ready to comply with his
wishes, to obtain his favour and because it suited their
depraved inclinations. In the reformation of large bodies,
numbers are mere time-servers, and in temptation fall away.

#10-18 Here is the doom of Judah and Jerusalem. The words used
represent the city emptied and utterly desolate, yet not
destroyed thereby, but cleansed, and to be kept for the future
dwelling of the Jews: forsaken, yet not finally, and only as to
outward privileges, for individual believers were preserved in
that visitation. The Lord will cast off any professing people
who dishonour him by their crimes, but never will desert his
cause on earth. In the book of Chronicles we read of Manasseh's
repentance, and acceptance with God; thus we may learn not to
despair of the recovery of the greatest sinners. But let none
dare to persist in sin, presuming that they may repent and
reform when they please. There are a few instances of the
conversion of notorious sinners, that none may despair; and but
few, that none may presume.

#19-26 Amon profaned God's house with his idols; and God
suffered his house to be polluted with his blood. How
unrighteous soever they were that did it, God was righteous who
suffered it to be done. Now was a happy change from one of the
worst, to one of the best of the kings of Judah. Once more Judah
was tried with a reformation. Whether the Lord bears long with
presumptuous offenders, or speedily cuts them off in their sins,
all must perish who persist in refusing to walk in his ways.
$-$-$- 2KI:22

* Josiah's good reign, His care for repairing the temple, The
book of the law found. (1-10) Josiah consults Huldah the
prophetess. (11-20)

#1-10 The different event of Josiah's early succession from that
of Manasseh, must be ascribed to the distinguishing grace of
God; yet probably the persons that trained him up were
instruments in producing this difference. His character was most
excellent. Had the people joined in the reformation as heartily
as he persevered in it, blessed effects would have followed. But
they were wicked, and had become fools in idolatry. We do not
obtain full knowledge of the state of Judah from the historical
records, unless we refer to the writings of the prophets who
lived at the time. In repairing the temple, the book of the law
was found, and brought to the king. It seems, this book of the
law was lost and missing; carelessly mislaid and neglected, as
some throw their Bibles into corners, or maliciously concealed
by some of the idolaters. God's care of the Bible plainly shows
his interest in it. Whether this was the only copy in being or
not, the things contained in it were new, both to the king and
to the high priest. No summaries, extracts, or collections out
of the Bible, can convey and preserve the knowledge of God and
his will, like the Bible itself. It was no marvel that the
people were so corrupt, when the book of the law was so scarce;
they that corrupted them, no doubt, used arts to get that book
out of their hands. The abundance of Bibles we possess
aggravates our national sins; for what greater contempt of God
can we show, than to refuse to read his word when put into our
hands, or, reading it, not to believe and obey it? By the holy
law is the knowledge of sin, and by the blessed gospel is the
knowledge of salvation. When the former is understood in its
strictness and excellence, the sinner begins to inquire, What
must I do to be saved? And the ministers of the gospel point out
to him Jesus Christ, as the end of the law for righteousness to
every one that believeth.

#11-20 The book of the law is read before the king. Those best
honour their Bibles, who study them; daily feed on that bread,
and walk by that light. Convictions of sin and wrath should put
us upon this inquiry, What shall we do to be saved? Also, what
we may expect, and must provide for. Those who are truly
apprehensive of the weight of God's wrath, cannot but be very
anxious how they may be saved. Huldah let Josiah know what
judgments God had in store for Judah and Jerusalem. The
generality of the people were hardened, and their hearts
unhumbled, but Josiah's heart was tender. This is tenderness of
heart, and thus he humbled himself before the Lord. Those who
most fear God's wrath, are least likely to feel it. Though
Josiah was mortally wounded in battle, yet he died in peace with
God, and went to glory. Whatever such persons suffer or witness,
they are gathered to the grave in peace, and shall enter into
the rest which remaineth for the people of God.
$-$-$- 2KI:23

* Josiah reads the law, and renews the covenant. (1-3) He
destroys idolatry. (4-14) The reformation extended to Israel, A
passover kept. (15-24) Josiah slain by Pharaoh-nechoh. (25-30)
Wicked reigns of Jehoahaz and Jehoiakim. (31-37)

#1-3 Josiah had received a message from God, that there was no
preventing the ruin of Jerusalem, but that he should only
deliver his own soul; yet he does his duty, and leaves the event
to God. He engaged the people in the most solemn manner to
abolish idolatry, and to serve God in righteousness and true
holiness. Though most were formal or hypocritical herein, yet
much outward wickedness would be prevented, and they were
accountable to God for their own conduct.

#4-14 What abundance of wickedness in Judah and Jerusalem! One
would not have believed it possible, that in Judah, where God
was known, in Israel, where his name was great, in Salem, in
Zion, where his dwelling-place was, such abominations should be
found. Josiah had reigned eighteen years, and had himself set
the people a good example, and kept up religion according to the
Divine law; yet, when he came to search for idolatry, the depth
and extent were very great. Both common history, and the records
of God's word, teach, that all the real godliness or goodness
ever found on earth, is derived from the new-creating Spirit of
Jesus Christ.

#15-24 Josiah's zeal extended to the cities of Israel within his
reach. He carefully preserved the sepulchre of that man of God,
who came from Judah to foretell the throwing down of Jeroboam's
altar. When they had cleared the country of the old leaven of
idolatry, then they applied themselves to the keeping of the
feast. There was not holden such a passover in any of the
foregoing reigns. The revival of a long-neglected ordinance,
filled them with holy joy; and God recompensed their zeal in
destroying idolatry with uncommon tokens of his presence and
favour. We have reason to think that during the remainder of
Josiah's reign, religion flourished.

#25-30 Upon reading these verses, we must say, Lord, though thy
righteousness be as the great mountains, evident, plainly to be
seen, and past dispute; yet thy judgments are a great deep,
unfathomable, and past finding out. The reforming king is cut
off in the midst of his usefulness, in mercy to him, that he
might not see the evil coming upon his kingdom: but in wrath to
his people, for his death was an inlet to their desolations.

#31-37 After Josiah was laid in his grave, one trouble came on
another, till, in twenty-two years, Jerusalem was destroyed. The
wicked perished in great numbers, the remnant were purified, and
Josiah's reformation had raised up some to join the few who were
the precious seed of their future church and nation. A little
time, and slender abilities, often suffice to undo the good
which pious men have, for a course of years, been labouring to
effect. But, blessed be God, the good work which he begins by
his regenerating Spirit, cannot be done away, but withstands all
changes and temptations.
$-$-$- 2KI:24

* Jehoiakim subdued by Nebuchadnezzar. (1-7) Jehoiachim captive
in Babylon. (8-20)

#1-7 If Jehoiakim had served the Lord, he had not been servant
to Nebuchadnezzar. If he had been content with his servitude,
and true to his word, his condition had been no worse; but,
rebelling against Babylon, he plunged himself into more trouble.
See what need nations have to lament the sins of their fathers,
lest they smart for them. Threatenings will be fulfilled as
certainly as promises, if the sinner's repentance prevent not.

#8-20 Jehoiachin reigned but three months, yet long enough to
show that he justly smarted for his fathers' sins, for he trod
in their steps. His uncle was intrusted with the government.
This Zedekiah was the last of the kings of Judah. Though the
judgments of God upon the three kings before him might have
warned him, he did that which was evil, like them. When those
intrusted with the counsels of a nation act unwisely, and
against their true interest, we ought to notice the displeasure
of God in it. It is for the sins of a people that God hides from
them the things that belong to the public peace. And in
fulfilling the secret purposes of his justice, the Lord needs
only leave men to the blindness of their own minds, or to the
lusts of their own hearts. The gradual approach of Divine
judgments affords sinners space for repentance, and believers
leisure to prepare for meeting the calamity, while it shows the
obstinacy of those who will not forsake their sins.
$-$-$- 2KI:25

* Jerusalem besieged, Zedekiah taken. (1-7) The temple burnt,
The people carried into captivity. (8-21) The rest of the Jews
flee into Egypt, Evil-merodach relieves the captivity of
Jehoiachin. (22-30)

#1-7 Jerusalem was so fortified, that it could not be taken till
famine rendered the besieged unable to resist. In the prophecy
and Lamentations of Jeremiah, we find more of this event; here
it suffices to say, that the impiety and misery of the besieged
were very great. At length the city was taken by storm. The
king, his family, and his great men escaped in the night, by
secret passages. But those deceive themselves who think to
escape God's judgments, as much as those who think to brave
them. By what befell Zedekiah, two prophecies, which seemed to
contradict each other, were both fulfilled. Jeremiah prophesied
that Zedekiah should be brought to Babylon, #Jer 32:5; 34:3|;
Ezekiel, that he should not see Babylon, #Eze 12:13|. He was
brought thither, but his eyes being put out, he did not see it.

#8-21 The city and temple were burnt, and, it is probable, the
ark in it. By this, God showed how little he cares for the
outward pomp of his worship, when the life and power of religion
are neglected. The walls of Jerusalem were thrown down, and the
people carried captive to Babylon. The vessels of the temple
were carried away. When the things signified were sinned away,
what should the signs stand there for? It was righteous with God
to deprive those of the benefit of his worship, who had
preferred false worships before it; those that would have many
altars, now shall have none. As the Lord spared not the angels
that sinned, as he doomed the whole race of fallen men to the
grave, and all unbelievers to hell, and as he spared not his own
Son, but delivered him up for us all, we need not wonder at any
miseries he may bring upon guilty nations, churches, or persons.

#22-30 The king of Babylon appointed Gedaliah to be the governor
and protector of the Jews left their land. But the things of
their peace were so hidden from their eyes, that they knew not
when they were well off. Ishmael basely slew him and all his
friends, and, against the counsel of Jeremiah, the rest went to
Egypt. Thus was a full end made of them by their own folly and
disobedience; see Jeremiah chap. 40 to 45. Jehoiachin was
released out of prison, where he had been kept 37 years. Let
none say that they shall never see good again, because they have
long seen little but evil: the most miserable know not what turn
Providence may yet give to their affairs, nor what comforts they
are reserved for, according to the days wherein they have been
afflicted. Even in this world the Saviour brings a release from
bondage to the distressed sinner who seeks him, bestowing
foretastes of the pleasures which are at his right hand for
evermore. Sin alone can hurt us; Jesus alone can do good to
sinners.