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╔════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ ▐██▌▐▌▐▌▐▌ █ ▐██▌ ▐▌ ▐██▌ ▐██▐▌▐▌ ▐██▌▐▌▐▌▐▌ █ ║ ║ █ █▐▌▐▌▐█ █ █ █ ██ ▐▐▌▌ █ █▐▌▐▌ █ █▐▌▐▌▐█ █ ║ ║ █ █▐▌▐▌▐█▌█ █ █▐▌▐▌ ▐▌ ▐▌ ▐▌▐▌ █ █▐▌▐▌▐█▌█ ║ ║ ██▌▐▌▐▌▐▌██ ██▌▐▌▐▌ ▐▌ ▐▌ ▐██▌ ██▌▐▌▐▌▐▌██ ║ ║ ██ ▐▌▐▌▐▌▐█ █ █▐██▌ ▐▌ ▐▌ ▐▌▐▌ ██ ▐▌▐▌▐▌▐█ ║ ║ █▐▌▐▌▐▌▐▌ █ █ █▐▌▐▌ ▐▌ █ █▐▌▐▌ █▐▌▐▌▐▌▐▌ █ ║ ║ ▐█ █ ██ ▐▌ █ ▐██▌▐▌▐▌ ██ ▐█▌▐▌▐▌ ▐█ █ ██ ▐▌ █ ║ ║ ║ ║ ║ ╚════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╝ The Run Batch Run Book Copyright (c) 1995, Finn Roaas All Right Reserved, World Wide Finn Roaas Ole Reistads vei 39 D N-1068 Oslo, Norway finnr@oslonett.no ===================================== RUN BATCH RUN REGISTRATION FORM ===================================== Remit to: Finn Roaas Ole Reistads vei 39 D N-1068 Oslo, Norway --------------------------------------------------------------------- | Item | Quantity | Price | Total | |-------------------------------|----------|----------- |------------| | RBatch12 version 1.2 (Nor) | ________ | NOK100.00 | __________ | | | | | | | RBatch13 version 1.3 (Eng) | ________ | $ 12.00 | __________ | | (A Companion Disk included) | | | | | Diskette 3.5 ( ) 5.25 ( ) | ________ | $ 8.00 | __________ | | | | NOK 50.00 | | | Schools (free use 1000 | | | | | students for one year | ________ | NOK1.000,00| __________ | | Subscription | | $ 80.00 | | | Abonnement | ________ | NOK480.00 | __________ | | | | | | | Shipping | ________ | $ 5.00 | __________ | |------------------------------------------------------ |------------| | | | | Total amount enclosed | __________ | ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Payment by: ( ) Check or money order ( ) American Express ( ) Diners Club ( ) MasterCard ( ) Visa ( ) PO # ______________ Card #: ____________________________________ Exp. Date: _________ Signature of card holder: ____________________________________________ Name: ________________________________________________________ Company: ________________________________________________________ Address: ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ Phone: ________________________________________________________ ( ) Check or money order payable to Finn Roaas in U.S. funds enclosed ( ) SWIFT transfer to 6065.56.31588 (Kredittkassen 1067 Oslo, Norway) ( ) SWIFT transfer to 0521 1589665 (Postbanken, Norway) TABLE OF CONTENTS ================= Chapter 1: Save your files - different methods Chapter 2: One day you will regret that you didn't take backup seriously Chapter 3: How to make a choice about how a batch should proceed? Chapter 4: Edit a batch program Chapter 5: Batch pipe problem Chapter 6: Searching for files is often time consuming Chapter 7: Customizing the command dir Chapter 8: How can a batch program answer Y for yes Chapter 9: Batch files can be used with memory and RAM Chapter 10: To remove files accidentally extracted Chapter 11: Choice Chapter 12: How to get the system date Chapter 13: Extracting text strings Chapter 14: Different batch enhancers and using scan codes Chapter 15: Batch files and mail Chapter 16: How to suppress the writing on the screen? Chapter 17: How to have a batch file testing if Windows is running Chapter 18: Invisible cursor Chapter 19: Numbered repeats in batch files Chapter 20: How you can write batch files that will execute certain commands based on the time of day? Chapter 21: Return to directory Chapter 22: Make a log with the time and date Chapter 23: Books, magazines and programs about batch files Chapter 24: Remove file comment Chapter 25: FOR in batch files Chapter 26: Ansi codes in batch file Chapter 27: About errorlevel Chapter 28: Rebooting from a batch file Chapter 29: How to execute a batch file on a certain weekday? Chapter 30: Y/N in batch files Chapter 31: Remap keys Chapter 33: Detecting DblSpace drive Chapter 34: How to add a path to the existing path? Chapter 35: Numlock on Chapter 36: Changing the date during execution Chapter 37: Undocumented commands Chapter 38: Ctrl-c/break Chapter 39: Can't delete directory Chapter 40: Batch file for cd-rom Chapter 41: Get the beep out of CHOICE Chapter 42: How to tell MS DOS not to display any messages? Chapter 43: How to dump binary files to readable ASCII text? Chapter 44: A keyboard macro program Chapter 45: Alternative decoder to using DOS DEBUG Chapter 46: Increasing file size >>>>@@@@<<<< Chapter 1: Save your files - different methods. =============================================== At the end of this book you will find a presentation of the the author. As you will see I'm also a novelist and a writer of modern norwegian literature. I know how important it is to save my files in a secure and efficient way. The day you have lost important data you will understand the importance of taking good care of all files you produce. When your hard disk is down and one year's work is wasted it is to late to plan how you are going to save your files. Some years ago I lost all chapters in a new book I was writing because of problems with my WC-card. A lot of different thoughts went through my head when I realized what had happened, but fortunately I also remembered that I had copied the files to a floppy. I looked through my diskettes and thank God I found what I was looking for. The floppy made it possible to restore all files to my hard disk. As I said, this happened many years ago. Experience has taught me the lessons to take good care of my files. This is our first subject. Let's have a closer look at a batch file I have called SAV1.BAT ======== @ECHO OFF :start IF " %1" ==" " GOTO end ECHO ***%1 will be saved *** IF NOT EXIST A:%1 COPY %1 A: SHIFT GOTO start :end Every day when I had finished writing a manuscript, essays or letters, I needed to save the files to a floppy. The files had different names and I wanted to make a program that was able to copy more than 9 files. I knew that %1 to %9 parameters gave me the opportunity to run nine variables through a batch program, but it was not enough. Then I discovered SHIFT. The command allowed me to use more than nine batch parameters. The SHIFT command moves the parameters one step to the left in a batch file. It moves the remaining parameters down one value, a new %9 is brought in if any exists. In the example above I use the SHIFT command with three parameters. When a SHIFT command is executed, it moves the %3 parameter down to the %2 parameter. The value %2 moves into %1. The original %1 has disappeared. After executing another SHIFT command, the original %3 has become %1, and the original %2 and %3 are both gone. The SHIFT command makes it possible to make a short batch program to execute any number of parameters. The batch file above illustrates this method. SAV1.BAT may be used to backup any number of files. Below you will find a description of how the file works, line by line. The first line turns off the echoing with the command ECHO OFF. The label :START in line 2 marks the start of the command and will be repeated for each parameter. In line 3 the IF command tests if it exists a parameter in the variable %1. The command makes a comparison between %1 and the double quotation marks enclosing nothing (" "). This is called an empty string. You ask MS DOS to compare the first parameter with nothing or with an empty parameter. If the comparison is true, the GOTO command ends at the label :end. The ECHO command in line 4 shows the name of the file being copied. The IF command in line 5 lets your batch file test if the files you save exists on the diskette in A. If it not exists the COPY command copies the file from the active drive and directory to A:. In line 6 the SHIFT command moves parameters one step to the left. The GOTO command in line 7 returns MS DOS to :START. The label :end in line 8 marks the end of the of the batch file. You run SAV1.BAT with the following command line: C:\> SAV1.BAT autoexec.bat config.sys command.com The batch file ends when %1 is equal to " " - or in another words - when it is no files left to copy. But the batch file won't stop. It displays this message: Syntax error *** will be saved *** A: File not found 0 File(s) copied. The quickest way to end the program is to press CONTROL - C. The command has the following syntax: SAV1 c1 c2 c3 c4 c5 c6 c7 c8 c9 c10 c11 c12 c13 c14 I usually name my manuscripts, essays and letters with, short abbreviations like CHAP1 etc. The end of the batch program above is far from impressing. But as long as you use the correct syntax and the file exists the job is done. Immediately you write a filename that does not exit or the file does not exist, you'll get an error message. When the job is done, the SHIFT command runs in loop. I finish with Control-C. Not very elegant, but SAV1.BAT gives you an idea how the SHIFT command works. SAVE.BAT ======== @ECHO OFF CLS REM PRESS THE TAB WHEN ECHO IS DONE ECHO *** SAVE *** ECHO. ECHO Have you inserted the floppy in drive A: REM The warning will not be displayed if already saved IF NOT EXIST A:%1 GOTO ready ECHO REM CTRL-G creates i bip ECHO a:%1 exists. Press CTRL-BREAK to terminate, or... PAUSE :ready COPY %1 a:%1 IF EXIST A:%1 erase %1 ECHO ECHO %1 has been saved to the diskette! I have always been looking for good methods to protect and save my work, but I have also been looking for ways to control the performance. In long periods I have made use of the batch program above. Only when a certain condition exists or come true, for example a certain file exists, the command will be issued. I noticed immediately that the method improved my batch files. The method may be used in many different situations, what you will find in this book. The IF command is used when you want a batch command to be carried out only after certain conditions have been met. For example, the following command starts Qedit when Q is used as a parameter: IF "%1"=="Q" D:\QE3\Q The command use three parameters: IF (NOT) <condition> <command> The parameter NOT specifies that MS DOS should carry out the command only if the conditionis false. In the parameter <condition> it is the condition that must be met. There are two ways to use <condition>: EXIST <file name> tests wether a specified file exists or not. Sometimes the system needs the path and directories written. If the <file name> exists, the condition is met. <string1>==<string2> compare two strings. These values can be strings or batch variables such as %1. If the strings are identical, the condition is met. Notice that two equal signs are required. <command> is any MS DOS command. The command CLS in line 2 makes batch file starts with cleared screen, and the user sees only the message. The command REM in line 3 reminds us of that the space in line 4 is produced by pushing the tab key three times. The headline * * * SAVE * * * in line 4 shows up, and is displayed in the center, because we have pressed three times on the tab key. The command ECHO in line 5 displays empty line just below the headline. <Alt-255> is the ASCII code for empty character. To produce ANSI characters that are not on your keyboard, you have to use the following method: Hold down Alt and type the number that corresponds to the character you want NumLock must be on. Then release Alt. The command REM in line 8 makes a comment on the command GOTO in line 9. There is another command ECHO in line 10. It has a dot and displays en empty line to make the warning more visible. The command REM in line 11 comments the sound in line 12 and it's used together with ECHO. Hold down CTRL and type G The command ECHO in line writes a message du the screen: The file has been saved to the diskette. COPY ALL FILES ============== Neither COPY *.* nor XCOPY *.* copy all files if you want to copy to more than one diskette. But there are easy methods to get COPY *.* to do what you want the command to do, namely copy all and don't leave out files because the diskette is full. Below I will take a detailed look at two little used methods to search for bugs in batch files. I will also look at a smart way how you can run "for in .. do" loops without display a lot garbage! The COPY *.* A: means: Copy all files from your hard disk to drive A:. Did I type all? Yea, but that's exactly what it doesn't do. Suddenly the diskette in drive A: is full. The floppy in drive A: takes only 720 Kbyte, but you need maybe to copy 900 Kbyte. If you want to backup the rest of your files, you will really get a difficult job to find the files you're missing. There are at least four ways to use to copy all files. The first I will discuss is the most time consuming one. Copy *.* to A:. Write the name of the last file listed on a sheet of paper. This file was not copied to A:. Type DIR/p and notice all files that are listed below the file you have written on the sheet of paper. These are the files that you still haven't copied. Why is it so? Because the command DIR and COPY treat the files in the same way. You have to copy the listed files manually. It's a boring job. But the command XCOPY does copying files simple and easy. Type XCOPY *.* A:/p. Now you have to answer yes/no for each file you will copy. At the beginning of the list you just answer N for NO. When you reach the file you have written on your sheet of paper, you start answering Y for Yes. It's easy to make a list of all the files you haven't copied. Type the three lines below: ECHO OFF FOR %a IN (*.*) DO IF NOT EXIST A:%a ECHO %a ECHO ON ■ The first line turns off the PROMPT. ■ The third line displays the PROMPT. ■ Unless you want your screen filled up with unnecessary information it's recommended use ECHO OFF and ON. The second line demonstrates how you can make a "for in .. do-loop" in MS DOS without writing it into a batch file. After typing the commands above a list of files is displayed. Stop the scrolling by pressing Ctrl-S. (Don't make mistakes. Don't type %a on one side and %A on the other side of the parenthesis. Don't make mistake number two: Use %%a if you write a batch program. Don't make mistake number three: MS DOS has problems copying files with 0-bytes. May be one of your files is a 0-byte file. Sometimes the prompt disappears. This happens for example when you terminate a batch file or run another batch file using CALL. Or may be your batch file doesn't run properly. Instead of reboot, type ECHO ON. Sometimes it occurs that MS DOS can't remember wether echo is on or off. In creating batch programs you often find yourself testing the files over and over again. A simple "debug-trick" is to leave out @ECHO ON in the first line when you run the file. You save time. You don't need to edit and save all the time. An other method is to place a variable for ECHO OFF. If your first line is @%test% ECHO OFF you can turn ECHO on and off with the command SET! Type: SET TEST=REM and run the batch file with ECHO on. Type SET TEST= run the batch file with ECHO off. TOA.BAT provides an easy way to create an advanced batch file which types a list containing the names of all files in the directory, make a copy from the list and at last displays it. Look at TOA.BAT below, it's a nice piece of work. The program use the command XCOPY to copy possible 0 byte files, and because XCOPY reports when the diskette is full. Run TOA.BAT without any arguments at the prompt. MS DOS moves to the label :START and deletes the old file catalog called, LISTE.BAT. TOA.BAT uses a temporary batch file to run itself repeatedly. The program copy all files of a directory to several floppy diskettes. TOA.BAT ======= @ECHO OFF IF %1X==X GOTO START IF %1==CATALOG.BAT GOTO END COPY %1 A:>NUL IF EXIST A:%1 GOTO END REM Don*t stop because of 0 byte files: XCOPY %1 A: IF EXIST A:%1 GOTO END ECHO Change diskette in A: - Insufficient disk space for %1 PAUSE %0 %1 :START IF EXIST CATALOG.BAT DEL CATALOG.BAT FOR %%a IN (*.*) DO ECHO CALL %0 %%a >>CATALOG.BAT CALL CATALOG DEL CATALOG.BAT :END Normally when you try to delete files that do not exist, you get the error message "File not found". This message is confusing and many of you will jump on the keyboard and press CTRL-C. What's going on! The program is supposed to copy files and can't find the file! To avoid error messages we will first check it out TOA.BAT IF CATALOG.BAT exists by executing the command IF EXIST i line 13. If you already got a file called CATALOG.BAT you need to change the name, and find another unique name to your catalog. The catalog reporting all the files in the directory is created in a FOR-IN-DO-LOOP. We create the list with double redirection operators >> in line 14. A new will be added for each new filename. Preceding each filename you find the command CALL TOA. If you are using a MS DOS version earlier than 3.3 you must use COMMAND /c to run a batch file from within another. You can't use CALL. When you run CATALOG.BAT MS DOS executes the CALL CATALOG in line 15. The format of the command CALL is as follows: CALL <command file> parameters But what exactly does CALL TOA? It starts TOA.BAT program and accepts file name as a parameter. The parameter is a file name in the directory. TOA.BAT try to copy files A:. If TOA.BAT can't make it, the program asks for a new diskette i A: and you must try again. Notice that TOA.BAT in the third line 3 pass CATALOG.BAT. We don't need to copy the temporary and specific report. ■ TOA.BAT creates and starts CATALOG.BAT. CATALOG.BAT starts TOA.BAT successive before each file name. When the last file has been copied, we are back to the starting point. The temporary file CATALOG.BAT is erased, the batch file ends and returns to MS DOS. ■ I use %0 when the program is asked to call it self. If you rename the file TOA.BAT to CHINABOX.BAT, you can type CATALOG.BAT and read CALL CHINABOX FILE NAME in CATALOG.BAT. ■ The at sign @ and the command CALL works only in MS DOS versions 3.3 and later. The command XCOPY was new in MS DOS 3.2. If you don't use XCOPY you have to delete all files with 0 byte before you execute the batch file. Method number three is the simplest. With number one you had to remember files that you wanted to copy. TOA.BAT created a file called CATALOG.BAT that kept a record of all the files in the directory. In this method we will use the archive attribute as an invisible label attached to each file. By turning off the archive attribute with the command ATTRIB +A *.*. XCOPY/m copy only those files where the attribute is not set. Think of the attribute as a label where it's written: "must be copied". All the files have now got such a memo. Then I start XCOPY: XCOPY *.* A:/m. After a while the diskette is full and XCOPY stops doing the job without asking for a new diskette. That's silly, but the switch /m is handy. The /m switch copies source files that have their archive file attributes set. the /M switch turns off archive file attributes in thefiles specified in source. We insert a new diskette, repeats the command and XCOPY carries on. This is possible because the command XCOPY /m turns off the archive attribute during execution, but only those files that you really copy. Imagine how XCOPY writes on each file: "this is done" and attach the memos to the copied files. As you can see, it's easy to continue. Repeat the command (press F3) when you have changed the diskette. XCOPY will continue coping files. When the batch is done turn on the archive attribute, for the cause of safety. The next batch file, CPTOA.BAT, contains these commands: The program draws the maximum benefit from XCOPY'S little known and often unused ability to provide exit-status values that you can test using ERRORLEVEL codes. (See ERRORLEVEL codes in chapter 27 in this book.) CPTOA.BAT ========= @ECHO OFF IF %1.==. GOTO END IF %a%X==X ATTRIB +A *.* SET A=some :AGAIN XCOPY *.* %1 /m/w IF ERRORLEVEL 4 GOTO AGAIN IF ERRORLEVEL 2 GOTO END ATTRIB +A *.* SET A= :END IF %1.==. ECHO %0 A: or ? To start the program type drive A: or B: on the PROMPT command line. This is possible because Initialization error occurred. There is not enough disk space, and produces and errorlevel 4. XCOPY has stopped to copy files, but there are still more left. That's why the MS DOS batch file is asked to go to :AGAIN in line 5. XCOPY starts. XCOPY/m/w means that the program is waiting for an keyboard input so you can change the diskette. This is how we avoid an extra command PAUSE. If you want to terminate you can easily use Ctrl-C which provides ERRORLEVEL 2. May be something is wrong or you have no formatted diskettes left. But I assume that you plan to carry on, so no steps are taken to restore the archive attributes. This is the reason why I create a new system variable in the line SET A=something. If you stop the execution, the system variable A will still be there. When MS DOS encounters %A% in line number 2 ATTRIB is not executed. In other words: CPTOA.BAT continue where it stopped. The line SET A= at the end removes A so you can run the batch file in other directories. CPTOA.BAT must be in PATH. Chapter 2: One day you will regret that you didn't take backup seriously ======================================================================== After several years as a PC user I have produced thousands of files. Most of them I keep saved at my hard disk or on diskettes. Not everything is important, but experience has taught me that it is difficult to say anything about the future. One day I will need the note I wrote in the summer 1987. A good backup makes it easy to update and keep a record of thousands of files. To an average user with a homeoffice like the one I've got, I will recommend a system, a routine, which is based on a three generations backup. During a period of three year I have used a routine that backup the hard disk every month. It's up to you how you will adapt the routine to your own needs. May be it's sufficient to make a main copy once a year. As I have mentioned, my system is based on a main copy every month. The main copy I used every month, took care of the files I wanted to erase. I didn't want them be included in my backup and then eventually restored. In addition to the main copy, I backed up parts of the files every week. As with the main copy I erased the files from this partial copy that I didn't want to keep for just a short period. Additionally I assign the value 0 to the place where the daily copy is kept, so it's kept to a minimum concerning diskettes. My daily backup was performed once and sometimes twice a day, and should only contain a few files so I didn't use the whole day to backup. I wanted to make an automatic routine of the backup job. You all know how easy it is to skip or forget boring backups, especially when your system has functioned without problems for months or may be years. But one day, sooner and later, your computer will have problems, it will stop working and you may face really problems with getting data from your hard disk. When it comes to losing my work I am a coward, I don't take risks. I want to run a safe system. I decided that backup should be an integrated part of my daily upstart. AUTOEXEC.BAT is the only batch file I have to execute every day. You should also backup your files as your last thing to do every evening. Fires usually starts at night, or water leakage. Below I present a way to manage your backup, a system I have tested for years. You will probably find it detailed, but it works and it takes good care of your important data. The batch file was written some years ago and is related to earlier versions of MS DOS than 6.0. The batch file uses the commands BACKUP, RESTORE, GETMONTH, GETDAY, DOW and call other batch programs. In your MS DOS manual you will find details upon how BACKUP and RESTORE works. The batch file uses three different switches: /s indicates that you want to copy subdirectories, /a that you add the files to be backed up to those already on the backup disk and do not erase saved files on the backup disk. /m back up only those files that have changed since the last backup. Run EDLIN or EDIT from the command prompt and specify the name SECURITY.FIL. I myself prefer Qedit as an editor to write my batch files. It provides many features that make batch programming easier and faster. Be accurate when you create your batch file. All files must be in the same directory, for example DOS. Comments on the files below: ---------------------------- 1) Don't miss spaces! When the files have been saved, see to that DEBUG resides in the DOS directory and type DEBUG<DATES.SCR. After a while you have three new programs. 2) Add the batch file BCOPY.BAT to your AUTOEXEC.BAT and call it with the command COMMAND /c BCOPY. If you use MS DOS version 3.30 or newer you can write CALL BCOPY. 3) The main program SECURITY.BAT contains the logic The only changes you have to do is decide the directories and files you want to be backed up. 4) The file SETCOPY.FIL contains the parameter used by the main program. SECURITY.FIL ============ GETDAY IF ERRORLEVEL 2 GOTO start GOTO BCOPY :start IF ERRORLEVEL %daycopy% GOTO BCOPY GOTO notcopy :BCOPY GETMONTH IF ERRORLEVEL %maincopy% GOTO maincopy DOW IF ERRORLEVEL %partcopy% GOTO partcopy GETDAY IF ERRORLEVEL %daycopy% GOTO daycopy GOTO end :maincopy ECHO * * * THE MAIN COPY * * * ECHO ------------------ ECHO Insert diskettes for * * * THE MAIN COPY * * * (1. day of the month) PAUSE BACKUP C:\DEASE B: /s BACKUP C:\DATATIME B: /s BACKUP C:\CATALOG B: /s BACKUP C:\SKPLUS B: BACKUP C:\BATCH B: IF %maincopy% == 12 set newcopy=1 IF %maincopy% == 11 set newcopy=12 IF %maincopy% == 10 set newcopy=11 IF %maincopy% == 9 set newcopy=10 IF %maincopy% == 8 set newcopy=9 IF %maincopy% == 7 set newcopy=8 IF %maincopy% == 6 set newcopy=7 IF %maincopy% == 5 set newcopy=6 IF %maincopy% == 4 set newcopy=5 IF %maincopy% == 3 set newcopy=4 IF %maincopy% == 2 set newcopy=3 IF %maincopy% == 1 set newcopy=2 set maincopy=%newcopy% GOTO end :partcopy ECHO * * * THE PART COPY * * *: ECHO ---------------------------- ECHO Insert diskettes for * * * THE PART COPY * * * (every friday) PAUSE BACKUP C:\DEASE B: /s /l:C:\REPORT\PARTCOP1.LOG BACKUP C:\BATCH B: BACKUP C:\DATAKURS B: /s /l:C:\REPORT\PARTCOP3.LOG BACKUP C:\CATALOG B: /l:C:\REPORT\PARTCOP4.LOG ECHO Insert the diskette(s) for DAILY COPY (all files erased) FORMAT A: GOTO end :daycopy ECHO * * * THE DAILY COPY * * *: ECHO -------------------- ECHO Insert diskette(s) for * * * THE DAILY COPY * * * (every morning) PAUSE BACKUP C:\DEASE B: /s /a /m :end GETDAY IF ERRORLEVEL 1 set daycopy=2 IF ERRORLEVEL 2 set daycopy=3 IF ERRORLEVEL 3 set daycopy=4 IF ERRORLEVEL 4 set daycopy=5 IF ERRORLEVEL 5 set daycopy=6 IF ERRORLEVEL 6 set daycopy=7 IF ERRORLEVEL 7 set daycopy=8 IF ERRORLEVEL 8 set daycopy=9 IF ERRORLEVEL 9 set daycopy=10 IF ERRORLEVEL 10 set daycopy=11 IF ERRORLEVEL 11 set daycopy=12 IF ERRORLEVEL 12 set daycopy=13 IF ERRORLEVEL 13 set daycopy=14 IF ERRORLEVEL 14 set daycopy=15 IF ERRORLEVEL 15 set daycopy=16 IF ERRORLEVEL 16 set daycopy=17 IF ERRORLEVEL 17 set daycopy=18 IF ERRORLEVEL 18 set daycopy=19 IF ERRORLEVEL 19 set daycopy=20 IF ERRORLEVEL 20 set daycopy=21 IF ERRORLEVEL 21 set daycopy=22 IF ERRORLEVEL 22 set daycopy=23 IF ERRORLEVEL 23 set daycopy=24 IF ERRORLEVEL 24 set daycopy=25 IF ERRORLEVEL 25 set daycopy=26 IF ERRORLEVEL 26 set daycopy=27 IF ERRORLEVEL 27 set daycopy=28 IF ERRORLEVEL 28 set daycopy=29 IF ERRORLEVEL 29 set daycopy=30 IF ERRORLEVEL 30 set daycopy=31 IF ERRORLEVEL 31 set daycopy=32 ECHO set maincopy=%maincopy% > setcopy.fil ECHO set partcopy=%partcopy% >> setcopy.fil ECHO set daycopy=%daycopy% >> setcopy.fil :notcopy BCOPY.BAT ========= @ECHO OFF REM BCOPY.BAT CLS COPY setcopy.fil+security.fil security.bat >nul security.bat SETCOPY.FIL =========== set maincopy=8 set partcopy=5 set daycopy=25 BCOPY.BAT and SETCOPY.FIL should be in root directory. The contents of SETCOPY.FIL must be adjusted every month. Decide on which weekday and date you want the routine to begin. It's important that the computers date is correct. DATES.SCR ========= n GETMONTH.com a 100 mov ah, 2a int 21 mov al, dh mov ah, 4c int 21 rcx a w n GETDAY.com a 100 mov ah, 2a int 21 mov al, dl mov ah, 4c int 21 rcx a w n DOW.com a 100 mov ah, 2a int 21 mov ah, 4c int 21 rcx 8 w q BACKUP1.BAT =========== @ECHO OFF REM BACKUP1.BAT IF /%1==/ GOTO SHOW REM %1 is not empty,no problems will occur when strings are compared IF %1==1 CD\ IF %1==1 BACKUP C: A: /s IF %1==1 GOTO END IF %1==2 CD\ IF %1==2 BACKUP C: A: /m IF %1==2 GOTO END IF %1==3 CD\ IF %1==3 BACKUP C: A: /m /a IF %1==3 GOTO END REM If %1 is true, the program moves to the end REM Display an error message ECHO YOU HAVE WRITTEN AN INVALID SWITCH!! :SHOW ECHO TYPE A 1 FOR A TOTAL BACKUP ECHO TYPE A 2 FOR A CERTAIN CHOICE BACKUP ECHO TYPE A 3 FOR A CERTAIN CHOICE BACKUP THAT WILL BE ADDED TO AN EXISTING DISK GOTO END :END The batch file is an unfinished example which can handle many parameters or none at all. I leave it to you my reader to complete it? It's a fine study to learn how IF sentences can enhance your batch programs and make them more flexible. Chapter 3: How to make a choice about how a batch should proceed? ================================================================= This is a classical problem and has existed from the very beginning. Last summer a friend of mine called me. He needed help. How can I write a batch file (dos 5) which will run a program with a command line switch if the command line switch is entered when running the batch file, but otherwise NOT run the program. Example: Program GOGO.EXE can be run with or without a command line option. My batch file do.bat is to run GOGO if the command to run DO.BAT contains the option, otherwise the batch file is just to end without doing anything. Below is his solution to the problem, but it doesn't work very good, unfortunately. DO.BAT ====== :: DO.BAT :start :: IF parameter for gogo entered, run gogo IF .%1 == .do-gogo gogo %1 :end Change do-gogo to whatever the parameter is. Be sure to include the period (or some character) on BOTH sides of the =='s. Otherwise you will get a syntax error when ran with no parameter. I suggested he should create a batch file like DO1.BAT. DO1.BAT ======= IF "%1"=="" GOTO NOTE C:\PATH\GOGO.EXE /%1 GOTO END :NOTE CLS ECHO. ECHO. ECHO. ECHO You must enter a command line switch. ECHO Do NOT add the leading slash (/) ECHO. ECHO. ECHO Correct Example: ECHO. ECHO DO F ECHO. ECHO Incorrect Example: ECHO. ECHO DO /F ECHO. ECHO. PAUSE :END You can see how to change it to include the leading slash, I'm sure. This is a third example: DO2.BAT ======= If %1.==. GOTO end GOGO.EXE %1 :END And at last a fourth example: DO3.BAT ======= Put the following at the top of your batch file, after the @ECHO OFF: IF '%1'='<option_name_for_gogo>' goto go Then put the following in any convenient location after that: :go gogo %1 goto end <any other commands you want here> :end When you run do.bat the command is do <option_name_for_gogo> @ECHO OFF IF (%1) == () goto syntax IF (%2) == () goto syntax gogo :syntax echo. echo YOU MUST ENTER COMMAND OPTIONS TO RUN GOGO.EXE echo. Chapter 4: Edit a batch program =============================== Over a year ago, someone offered the following batch file, and I have found it to be indispensable. Like most others users, I keep all my batch files in one directory, and I used to have to type in the entire directory\pathname\filename.ext or change drives\directories just to edit a given batch file. With this BAT.BAT file placed in your batch file directory, you can edit any given batch file from any drive/directory. All that is required is to enter BAT FILENAME. No extensions are necessary. BAT.BAT ======= @ECHO OFF :: REM BAT.BAT :: REM I can edit ANY batch file in D:\BATCH from anywhere in any drive cls IF %1 .==. goto NOT q d:\batch\%1.bat goto END :NOT q d:\batch\ :END cls Notice that I use QEdit, and it is also in my path...... I really appreciate that people share batch files. Users that are new to computers often like to experiment with writing batch files. It's exciting when you can help someone else with a batch due to the fact that applications are scary enough for them. Chapter 5: Batch pipe problem ============================= Now and then I get questions about different batch problems. A frequently asked question is how we can run a batch file with the command MORE. Is there a way to get around " | more" not working to scroll output? @ECHO OFF for %%f in (%2) do find /i "%1" %%f Yes, each 'find' command is a completely different command, opening and closing the pipes. Here's how I would do it in regular dos. for %%f in (%2) do find /i "%1" %%f >> temp.x type temp.x | more Considering each 'find' operation is a separate command, the append '>>' symbol is necessary or else you only get the results of the last file in the list. for %%f in (%2) do find /i "%1" %%f The problem is that the MORE filter only works with one instance of STDOUT output at a time. If the output from any ONE of the FIND statements would make the screen scroll, you'd find that the filter does work--for that single FIND statement only. Try attacking this from another angle--direct all of the STDOUT output into a text file, then pass that text file through the MORE filter: del txt for %%f in (%2) do find /i "%1" %%f >> txt type txt | more If you don't want the "---<filename>" lines in your output, change the FOR..IN..DO loop to read for %%f in (%2) do find /i "%1"<%%f>>txt Yea, it's working nicely with both suggestions. Most people are aware of the '>' redirect command. But, they don't know that they can append text also with '>>'. Nice! I'll try modifying it also to get rid of the '---<filename>' header. @ECHO OFF for %%f in (%2) do find /i "%1" %%f I think it's because you only get one command after "do", in this case it's find. "more" gets lost in the shuffle. This is one of the serious drawbacks to DOS, as it's fairly simplistic as far as operating systems go. As a test, make a batch file with -just- find followed by more, like: find "hello" txtfile.txt | more ...to see if it works there. If not, then either "find" or "more" is the problem, otherwise it's "do". In any case, you may have to output your stuff to a file first, then "more" that to the screen. SEARCH.BAT ========== @ECHO OFF FOR %%f IN (%2) DO FIND /i "%1" %%f SEARCH1.BAT =========== @ECHO OFF FOR %%f IN (%2) DO FIND /i "%1" %%f >> temp.x TYPE temp.x | MORE SEARCH2.BAT =========== @ECHO OFF FOR %%A IN (*.*) DO FIND /i "%1" %%A >> TEMP.X TYPE TEMP.X | MORE SEARCH3.BAT =========== @ECHO OFF FOR %%A IN (*.*) DO FIND /i "%1" %%A >> TEMP.X TYPE TEMP.X | MORE DEL TEMP.X Chapter 6: Searching for files is often time consuming ====================================================== In this chapter we are going to look closer at different ways to look for files and specific text strings. If you are working with large data files, searching for certain text strings in giga- bytes of information you probably know how time- consuming it is and how much time it takes to find the files you are looking for. Every day I use different methods to find files where I have stored essential information. Normally I work in a Windows environment. Windows provides excellent methods to execute a search, find files, look for special documents that are stored some place on your hard disk. Still I prefer to search in plain MS DOS. It's faster, especially when I'm searching through hundreds, may be thousands of different files. Below is one of my favourites. I call it LAF.BAT (List all files). The logic in the batch file is simple, but with great functionality. I keep it in my batch directory and has defined the directory in my path. I can use it all over the hard disk. The syntax is very easy: LAF search string LAF.BAT ======= @ECHO OFF CHKDSK/V|FIND "%1" In the first line I turn off the command ECHO. I don't want to view the execution of the batch file. I'm only interested in the report. In the second line I use the options CHKDSK offers and /v that displays the name of each file in every directory as the disk ischecked. The list piped to the MS DOS command FIND. FIND looks through the list searching for the specific string you want to search for. We add the switch /i to the command FIND, so we don't have to worry about if the search is case-sensitive or not. If you ignore /i, the specified string of text must be written in capital letters. This is how MS DOS will display it. I hope you enjoyed it. Let's take a look at other batch programs. Let's take a closer look at the smart file below. ALL.BAT ======= ECHO OFF :START IF "%1"==" " GOTO END CLS ECHO *** Lines in *.bat that contain %1 *** ECHO FOR %%p IN (*.bat) DO FIND /c "%1" %%p ECHO PAUSE SHIFT GOTO START :END The batch file searches for a specific string of text in a specified file or files. The name of the files you are looking for is specified in the batch file. You are allowed to type several parameters. This method is useful if you want to search within the same group of files. In the example below, I search through all the batch files. Both the command FOR and SHIFT is used in the batch file to search for more than one string i several files. Below is a line by line description. _ Line 1 turns ECHO off _ The label :START sets the beginning of the command sequence you need to repeat. The label is the destination for the command in GOTO on line 11. _ The command IF controls whether the parameter is an empty parameter. If it is, the condition is met and the command GOTO will make MS DOS move on to the end of the batch file at line 12. _ Line 4 clears the screen and place the prompt at the top of the screen. _ The command ECHO in line 5 displays a message to the user. Line 6 displays a blank line. _ The command FOR searches every file with the suffix BAT, and displays the amount of lines with the string (" %1 "), which is the first specified parameter in the batch file All.BAT _ As line 6 line 8 displays a blank line. - Suspends processing of a batch program and displays a message that promptsthe user to press any key to continue. You can use this command only withinbatch programs. _ The command SHIFT in line 10 moves parameter one step to the left. _ The command GOTO returns MS DOS to the label :START. _ The label :END identifies the end of the batch file. (the destination for the command GOTO i line 3). To run ALL.BAT you must write the text, the words, the strings you are looking for as parameters. Notice! The command FIND is case-sensitive. Say you want to search for the words ECHO, COPY and message. Use the following syntax: ALL ECHO COPY melding ALL clears screen, searches the suffix BAT for the word ECHO, displays the amount of lines and stops. You are asked to press any key and the batch file carry on and searches the files for the word copy and displays the result. The batch process repeats until all the words you have specified have been found. /c displays the amount of lines containing the given string i each file. The switch is one of the command FIND'S many options. To end the batch file you must press CTRL-C and answer Y for Yes. FIND.BAT ======== Somewhere on your hard disk you remember that one of your most important files is located, but exactly where is the question? FIND.BAT use the switch /v belonging to the command CHKDSK. The switch displays a list of all existing files on the hard disk. If redirects the list to a file you can produce a fast search with with the command FIND. First time you run FIND, the program will create a file called CATALOG.DAT in the root directory. Below is an example how you can use it. C:\>FIND BAT The execution of the command will make a list of all batch files on your hard disk. Notice the FIND.BAT doesn't take wildcards like * or ?. In addition to search for files you can use FIND.BAT to check if there are more copies of the same file in different directories. All you have to do is to type the file name and FIND will immediately list all file names that match. The disadvantage is that FIND can't automatically register changes on your hard disk. To upgrade \CATALOG.DAT you just have to use the parameter new in the search string. If you are depending on an upgraded list or maybe you need to search only once, you can use the technique this way. CHKDSK /v | FIND ".BAT" You redirect the outprint directly to FIND that will display only the lines containing the string "BAT". Since it takes at least the same time to run the command CHKDSK it will always pay to use \CATALOG.DAT if you intend to repeat the search. Users that run the version 4.0 of MS DOS it's much easier. The MS DOS command FIND has been improved so you can search for files all over your hard disk. The command FIND *.BAT will list all batch files, but not so fast as our batch file. FIND.BAT ======== @ECHO OFF IF NOT "%1 "==" " GOTO OK :INSTR ECHO ECHO Command ECHO FIND {string} [new] Find the file name containing the {string} ECHO {string} must be UPPER case ECHO The option NEW updates the catalog. GOTO END :OK IF "%2"=="ny" GOTO CHKDSK IF NOT "%2"==" " GOTO INSTR IF EXIST \CATALOG.DAT GOTO FIND_FILE :CHKDSK ECHO Updates the catalog.... CHKDSK /v >\CATALOG.DAT ECHO A :FINN_FILE FIND "%1" \CATALOG.DAT :END _ Line 2 skips the instructions if you specify at least one parameter. _ Line 4-8 displays instructions on how to use the batch file. _ Line 11 executes CHKDSK if the parameter NEW is specified. _ Line 13 jumps directly to the search routine if the file \CATALOG.DAT exists. _ Line 16 runs the command CHKDSK and redirects the outprint to the file \CATALOG.DAT. _ Line 17 blanks the outprint from line 15. _ Line 19 look for the specified string in the file \CATALOG.DAT LOOKFOR.BAT =========== ECHO off CLS ECHO ***LINES I %1 CONTAINING %2*** ECHO for %%p in (%1) do find "%2" %%p To show all lines containing a certain string LOOKFOR.BAT can point out the file you must search and the string you must specify. Each line containing the string in the file, will be displayed. Wildcards are allowed to search in groups of files. The job is done in the last line of the batch file. The previous line clears the screen and displays a title. The command FOR in line 5 makes the command FIND be repeated for each file name stated in your first parameter when you type your LOOKFOR.BAT command. The command FIND looks for the string you specified as the second parameter. To display each line containing the word "NOT" in all files in current directory you must type: LOOKFOR C:\SHAREWARE\PLENTY??.* NOT Chapter 7: Customizing the command dir ====================================== Next to the command COPY DIR is maybe the most common command you use. Every day we need to list directories, find files with specified names or file extensions. The command DIR has really improved since the earliest MS DOS versions and provides several useful different options. Very often you find yourself listing directories containing directories with hundreds of files and it's impossible to read the screen. The switch /p is very handy. When you need to look at your files in wide format the switch /w provides as many as five file names or directories. Of course, the command DIR offers several useful possibilities, but the human nature needs changes and searches always for new ways to do things. The imagination and the creativeness start working. There will always be people that are looking for that special command that does not exist. With our batches we can create them. How is it possible to list all files in a directory except those that have got a specific file extension? The problem has different solutions. For example you can write a program like LAFUEXT.BAT =========== @ECHO OFF DIR | FIND /i /v %1 > dirfile TYPE dirfile | more (Lists all file without the extension.) The program starts as usual with turning ECHO OFF. DIR lists the directory and redirects the list to FIND. FIND has offers the following options: /i means that FIND will be case sensitive. /v displays all lines in the file not containing the specified string. The result is redirected to a file we call "dirfile", and the command TYPE displays the contents of dirfile screen by screen. The command MORE one screen of information at a time. We can also do it in another way. LAFUEXT1.BAT ============ @ECHO OFF IF %1. ==. GOTO END DIR | FIND "%1" /v :END In this example we solve the problem with a little help from a simple IF-sentence. If %1 contains a file extension the program jumps to :END. The rest will be displayed without the specific string. We can also solve the problem by using the command ATTRIB, a command which is not very often used, and as a lot of batch files offers excellent functionality. LAFUEXT2.BAT ============ @ECHO OFF ATTRIB +h %1 DIR ATTRIB -h %1 This is what happens: ATTRIB puts the files with the specified extension to hidden. DIR won't list hidden files. The result is a list containing all file except those with a specified file extension. There is also a rather handy tool that is capable of solving the task. You can use NO.COM together with ordinary MS DOS commands. NO.COM ====== Copy the script file. NNO.ZIP E100 FC BB 03 00 BF D4 01 BE CC 01 33 C9 AD 86 CC AA FE C0 E2 FB 4B E115 75 F5 B9 FF FD BA 20 02 52 B4 3F CD 21 5F 72 60 8B F7 50 8B C8 E12A B0 2A F2 AE 75 55 B0 0D F2 AE 87 F7 BB 00 01 B2 04 AC 3C 2A 72 E13F 62 74 46 57 BF D2 01 B9 40 00 8A E1 F2 AE 5F 75 35 FE C1 2A E1 E154 88 27 43 FE CA 75 E0 56 BE 00 01 AD 86 C4 8B D0 AD 86 C4 5E B1 E169 02 D2 E0 D3 E0 D2 E2 D3 EA D0 E1 D1 EA D1 D8 E2 FA 86 C2 AA 8A E17E C4 AA 8A C2 AA EB B1 BF 20 02 58 33 D2 F7 D8 13 D2 F7 DA 33 DB E193 8B CA 8B D0 B8 01 42 CD 21 8B 0E CA 01 CC AC 3C 0A 75 FB AC 57 E1A8 BF D2 01 B9 40 00 8A E1 F2 AE 5F 75 D0 FE C1 2A E1 86 E0 32 E4 E1BD 8B 1E CA 01 03 D8 89 1E CA 01 E9 6C FF 00 00 30 0A 41 1A 61 1A E1D2 2B 2D G=100 W220 Q GXDPlus 1.0 *XXBUG20--00000422--18021994--964D7791------------------NO.ZIP nI2g1--E++U+6++++e-HLxixSdE6++C+0+++4++++HYwiEoxBDJ1jGpBT51 vbSXSrFUM3 nJfukQwgWBXIf2DALmhKYfAqM98dZnCre9amvQbQL9EcaEXKjv0wcG97SK3zlWlTQJ gn- n6Uit3TeWLdIYp3oHYMq6aihqbB8-1rnCwrmStzCQYxN-aVg8wimUKo15HnLIcwjgk2-B nVyAuuoQxULsDurSnjY32QvIJe6Tb-ba5pwisI5wEoKs5vq5k30DQt1kiJ42ByUH5XINY nhe+-3XB1X-AtCOzLsLCV8oACf4E2VjRTfH7Pw-11iDmckq737qffY8a6bT2tCNtbb+6u nXTL6WUq8S0z56SkGr973+cTQf6gdIioS1yRo00nbqonLvq4wFNWqb1zTPivsVyZFRJA 9 nq1eMgzNoohhLCmtDgNDeN8eNwCyB-u0YZmYNDKjS8TmMykNX4d0RGgLDkQEkq 3+IJQW9 nbveJNHKEBxzBnFb6o0rM4B1wJzItctDqmlHN9XIybPMrYA8VGNjsQvGr2DfS7bL7J1k A nyQT470PogHNgONaqHzO70uOriEZXQX9QiUd5AiH120-1ldG2keLnLQElSfkODAf1Q4 I- nXdKdi2e6gH6B2JwiYGdYGgGOi62ojN5AAiIrhCk4ka4w7RqeWjAOED-YoohS4ly5uFcp nwOR2GEBJikMZGqMlr9cCBwIslvGxY7pupIa+XGUs8JDrmfDEi-W3i7pFNkbZ1V+fpy 3k n0V1WmYVepzzYIYMuWxzm+j6qPIFP1Ile6UTXGz-6e+I6hCpWH+RmHuvp0LdXAe OeqObA npt3tLOLqE4bsW7sEDnnDkmXcZealpt4DYKHYjMXFyxg95q+PDvbtyHC3KO+Mk0U CIqFY n77OhkNKXMjoe3AjLcGpV6ALTmXtUuJDqU+hFEAjIkMIRvu6EBtSy98QaEfRJ2DWJy UhE nGkA23++0++U+OVtD5-lgExSr++++tE++++M+++-CHmt2HoDXtJ7EID-9n2 qpIj1nprDq nxyLZsiI880oem0w40XbatCGL3miYJWHbZ8NYteIf70eYNSOY3VSY7WiY3SLb8dFYd0 cY n7dRYtiQdt8Q-NNDnQrAHwp7+VWU2JyOJ73O+n2JcUgcfF-QY3U2h9IYh8cs38LOhG Akh nm+2vEY399wcnEA53pET6oU8P-+DVaHYt0WadCI-x0cZ+7hVMVOHG2e+vUCtJ8A wgmE+u n+eExhO6YBOwMu0uE+E-EGk203++I++6+0++++8UIpzPjLeI0++1U+U++- U++++++++++ n+0++++++++++HYwiEoxBI2g-+VE+3++0++U+OVtD5-lgExSr++++tE ++++M+++++++++ a+E+U++++mE6++2tD9YFDEp-9-EM++++++U+0+4U+++0Y+k++++ ++ *XXBUG Version 2.20 by Chad Wagner Execute the following command DEBUG < NNO.ZIP and you have become the happy owner of a new DOS tool. You have to be a registered user of PKUNZIP.EXE for unpack the file. You will receive NO.COM and NO.DOC which is a short user reference. If you register your copy of the Run Batch Run Book you will receive along with your order a companion disk containing my enhanced DIR command XDIR. Chapter 8: How can a batch program answer Y for yes =================================================== DELETE displays the following question when you executes the command: C:\> DEL *.* All files i directory will be deleted! Are you sure (Y/N)? One line of a batch file can't be executed until the previous line is DONE. A batch file that says DEL *.* and then Y will execute the DEL *.* command and then when that's OVER WITH, THEN it'll execute a Y command. The Y doesn't do anything; isn't even READ by DOS, until after the DEL command is FINISHED. So by the time DOS sees the Y, the DEL command is over and the Y will get executed as a command. So "Bad command or filename" will be the result, unless you happen to have a program named Y on your system. A batch file is not a list of keystrokes that'll get typed as if you were typing them at the keyboard. It's a list of COMMANDS that get executed, one by one, separately from each other, as if you were typing each one at each successive C:\> prompt. Having DEL *.* in a batch file will have the exact same effect as typing DEL *.* at the command line. Regardless of what commands might be in the batch file before or after. A command line has to be complete in and of itself, at the command line, in order for it to be complete in a batch file. The commands that come before or after it don't affect it. ECHO Y | DEL *.* works in the batch file because it works at the command line. Now there's one exception, of course. A program called a keyboard stuffer. There are several in existence. PC Magazine's KEY-FAKE and 4DOS's KEYSTACK, etc. Such programs stuff keystrokes into the keyboard buffer. So that the next program that executes, that wants a keystroke or some keystrokes, will find that "you" have already "typed" them (or so that program will THINK). If you used a keyboard stuffer to stuff a "Y" into the keyboard buffer before your DEL *.* command in your batch file, then it WOULD effect the DEL command, in contradiction to what I said above. The DEL command would find Y in the keyboard buffer and think you typed it, because the previous command in the batch file (the keyboard stuffer program) had put it there before the DEL command executed. It works the same way as ECHO Y | DEL *.* with a couple exceptions. 1. It would work for darn near any program, instead of only those that take input from what's called Standard Input, like DEL does. Because the | (pipe) symbol takes the first program's Standard Output (the ECHO command above would be sending a Y to Standard Output) and pipes it as Standard Input to the program after the | symbol. So DEL gets its Y from Standard Input. But some programs look directly at the keyboard to get their input, instead of using Standard Input. For such programs, the ECHO Y | trick won't work, but a keyboard stuffer program will. 2. Since it doesn't involve redirection of Standard Input, it works for programs that are going to want more input than just what's stuffed. If you used the ECHO X | PROGRAM trick to send one keystroke to a program that wanted five keystrokes, you'd have to reboot your computer. Because the program would wait all day for its other four keystrokes to come from the same location the first one had come from! No matter what you typed at the keyboard, it would have no effect because the program had been more or less told to ignore the keyboard! Standard Input had been redirected from the keyboard to the ECHO command. So the ECHO command is the ONLY place that program is going to take its input from, and the ECHO command only sent one keystroke so that's all the program gets! That program will never do anything further so you have to reboot! But a keyboard stuffer doesn't cause that problem because it doesn't redirect Standard Input the way the | symbol does. It just stuffs a keystroke (or several keystrokes) into the place where Standard Input (or any other kind of input) comes from the keyboard buffer. So....the ECHO X | WHATEVER trick is good for some things, but not all. And a batch file just simply can not do what you were asking, without the help of a keyboard stuffer program which you use to send the keystroke before you execute the program that wants the keystroke not after that program is finished. From time to another you need to erase more than one directory. This is very often a tedious job. Now your fantasy starts working. You construct a useful batch. After a while you are in charge of some useful tools. Ooops! Did I say in charge? Well, below I will present to you a rather dangerous tool that may, if you don't watch out, delete the total hard disk. Let's start working. This is the basic lines. ERASE.BAT ========= @ECHO OFF CLS DEL *.* When you run the batch program you have to answer Y/N. If you have planned to erase all the files in the directory, this turn out to be a rather heavy job. We don't want the warning. We want action: The directory is about to be erased. In the batch file ERASE1.BAT, you will get no more questions. ERASE1.BAT ========== @ECHO OFF CLS ECHO Y | DEL *.* By redirecting the Y through a pipe to the command DEL we solve the problem. You can also use another method. ERASE2.BAT ========== @ECHO OFF ECHO Y > ANSWER DEL *.* < ANSWER The batch program creates a file called ANSWER. The files contain Y and ENTER that DEL *.* needs. The Y is redirected to the command DEL and everything is all right. The smart thing is that the file ANSWER will be deleted as well, and everything is still all right because DEL has already read it. If you want to see how it runs, use REM to let MS DOS leave out ECHO OFF. Imagine there was a program that would repeat the command you just have executed. Imagine how it moves from one directory to directory. Lovely, isn't it? And the best thing is: you can have it. You can make it yourself by using Scan codes. REPEAT.SCR ========== This little program is created to repeat another command in the subdirectories. It starts from the directory where you first typed the command and continues to the very end. This is how the syntax looks like: C:\> REPEAT ERASE2 As you probably have understood at this moment the command will delete all files in the subdirectories below. It's a devil! You may use it with many different MS DOS commands, DIR, TYPE, etc. If you run it carelessly it is a very dangerous command. Not so that it will hurt you or do you any harm, but it could course a great deal of unnecessary work. My advice is that you better think twice. Plan how you will use it. Here is the script file, REPEAT.SCR: N REPEAT.COM E 0100 E9 AD 00 0D 0A 52 45 50 45 41 54 20 2D 3E 20 20 E 0110 20 20 20 00 3A 5C 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 E 0120 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 E 0130 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 1A 4E 65 65 64 73 20 E 0140 44 4F 53 20 32 2E 30 20 2B 24 41 6C 6C 6F 63 61 E 0150 74 69 6F 6E 20 50 72 6F 62 6C 65 6D 24 53 57 45 E 0160 45 50 3A 20 43 4F 4D 4D 41 4E 44 20 50 72 6F 62 E 0170 6C 65 6D 24 53 57 45 45 50 3A 20 41 62 6E 6F 72 E 0180 6D 61 6C 20 45 78 69 74 24 00 00 00 43 4F 4D 53 E 0190 50 45 43 3D 00 00 00 00 00 00 7D 00 00 00 5C 00 E 01A0 00 00 6C 00 00 00 2A 2E 2A 00 2E 2E 00 8F 04 00 E 01B0 B4 30 CD 21 3C 02 73 09 BA 3A 01 B4 09 CD 21 CD E 01C0 20 86 C4 A3 89 01 BC 8F 04 BB FE 09 B1 04 D3 EB E 01D0 B4 4A CD 21 73 05 BA 4A 01 EB E0 06 BB 2C 00 8E E 01E0 07 2B FF BE 8C 01 FC 26 80 3D 00 74 14 56 57 B9 E 01F0 08 00 F3 A6 5F 5E 74 0F 2A C0 B9 FF FF F2 AE EB E 0200 E6 07 BA 5D 01 EB B4 83 C7 08 89 3E 94 01 8C 06 E 0210 96 01 8C 06 98 01 8C 0E 9C 01 8C 0E A0 01 8C 0E E 0220 A4 01 07 A0 80 00 04 03 A2 7D 00 C6 06 7E 00 20 E 0230 C7 06 7F 00 2F 43 B8 00 33 CD 21 88 16 8B 01 2A E 0240 2D B8 01 33 CD 21 BA 3C 03 B8 23 25 CD 21 B4 19 E 0250 CD 21 04 41 A2 13 01 BE 4F 03 2A D2 B4 47 CD 21 E 0260 BE 16 01 2A D2 B4 47 CD 21 BE 03 01 FC AC 0A C0 E 0270 74 08 8A D0 B4 02 CD 21 EB F3 B9 F4 01 B4 0B CD E 0280 21 E2 FA 81 3E 89 01 0A 03 72 0C B2 0D B4 02 CD E 0290 21 B2 0A B4 02 CD 21 BB 98 01 C5 16 94 01 2A C0 E 02A0 B4 4B CD 21 8C C8 8E D8 8E C0 8E D0 BC 8F 04 9C E 02B0 2A D2 B8 01 33 CD 21 8A 16 13 01 80 EA 41 B4 0E E 02C0 CD 21 9D BA 5D 01 72 0C BA 15 01 B4 3B CD 21 73 E 02D0 0A BA 74 01 B4 09 CD 21 EB 62 90 8B 16 AD 01 B4 E 02E0 1A CD 21 80 3E AF 01 00 75 0C BA A6 01 B9 10 00 E 02F0 B4 4E CD 21 EB 04 B4 4F CD 21 72 25 8B 1E AD 01 E 0300 F6 47 15 10 74 F0 83 C3 1E 80 3F 2E 74 E8 8B D3 E 0310 B4 3B CD 21 83 06 AD 01 2B C6 06 AF 01 00 E9 3F E 0320 FF 81 3E AD 01 8F 04 74 13 83 2E AD 01 2B C6 06 E 0330 AF 01 FF BA AA 01 B4 3B CD 21 EB 9F BA 4E 03 B4 E 0340 3B CD 21 8A 16 8B 01 B8 01 33 CD 21 CD 20 R CX 24F W Q Type the whole script in your editor. My favourite is SEMAFOR'S QEDIT, PLAIN ASCII-text. Then execute the following command to get REPEAT.COM. DEBUG < REPEAT.SCR Put the new command where you keep your utilities. You are now probably the happy owner of a new and very useful tool. But don't blame me if you erase important files. Chapter 9: Batch files can be used with memory and RAM ====================================================== It's always exciting when you find new unconventional ways of using batch files. I usually test these programs immediately to see how I can use them in my work. Below I will show you some interesting samples. Sometimes you need to find out wether a program is loaded into memory or not? Here is a way to do it, it's not so very elegant, but it works. ISRES.BAT (Is resident) ======================= @ECHO OFF REM ISRES.BAT - Tests if a program is loaded into memory REM by using MEM/C SET ISRES=N MEM /c > %temp%memtxt FIND "%1" /i < %temp%memtxt > %temp%$$there COPY %temp%$$there %temp%isthere > nul IF EXIST %temp%isthere SET ISRES=Y IF %isres%!==Y! ECHO "%1" the driver is resident. IF %isres%!==N! ECHO "%1" The driver is NOT resident. DEL %temp%??there > nul DEL %temp%memtxt > nul Now, what happens in the file? As usually we start the program by turning ECHO OFF, we don't want the command lines displayed. The second line contains comments that explain what the program does. In the third line a variable is sent to the environment which put ISRES=N. When MS DOS discovers a named parameter in a a batch program, the system looks immediately in the environment for an entrance assigned a value: SET ISRES=N In the fourth line MS DOS executes the command MEM with the switch /c. The /c is short for /classify. It lists the programs that are currently loaded into memory and shows how much conventional and upper memory each program is using. MEM /classify also summarizes overall memory use and lists the largest free memory blocks. You can use the /classify switch with /page but not with other MEM switches. You can abbreviate /classify as /c. The report is redirected to a directory called temp and a file called MEMTXT is created. In the fifth line FIND takes over the command. The switch /i make the command case-sensitive. The string I'm looking for in my case is "HIMEM". The file FIND shall search is MEMTXT, the redirecting sign < tells FIND where to search. The result is redirected to C:\WINDOWS\TEMP$$THERE. $$THERE is not so easy to understand, but I copy $$THERE to ISTHERE. I don't want any messages that says that 1 file (s) copied and is therefore redirected to nothing, > NUL. In the next line the command IF EXIST tests if ISTHERE exists and if it does the result is that the SET VARIABLE in environment is set Y with SET ISRES=Y. I line eight and nine we get the message: If the variable is set to Y, ECHO shows : "HIMEM" driver is resident. If the variable is set to N, ECHO displays "HIMEM" driver is NOT resident. When the job is done the batch program deletes the files ??THERE and MEMTXT. The syntax is simple: Type ISRES prog_name. If "prog_name" exists the report from MEM /c the ISRES variable will be set to Y, or will continue to N. Notice that MS DOS doesn't copy 0-byte files. If the search string does not exist in the report from MEM /c, the file $$THERE won't be copied to ISTHERE, and the line IF...EXIST will fail. RAMDRIVE.BAT ============ Very simple you can define a RAM-disk as a diskette where the files isn't stored physically on a magnetic disk, but temporary in the computer's memory. From a user's point of view a RAM-disk behaves just like other diskettes, but since the computer doesn't need to read disks a RAM-drive is very fast. But very few make use of the possibility. The reason is that the RAM-drive use memory wether you need it or not, and you lose the content when you turn off the computer. A much better alternative is a so called CACHE-buffer, which acts as an "intelligent" RAM-disk. RAM-drives are created in the CONFIG.SYS file by typing the command DEVICE=RAMDRIVE.SYS. In addition you have to specify the disksize, the sectorsize and the number of files and directories you can create in the RAM disk's root directory. RAMDRIVE or VDISK is allocated automatically in the first empty logical location. If your computer is equipped with to diskette drives (A and B) the RAM-drive will be C. If your computer has got a hard disk the RAM drive will be D. RAMDRIVE.SYS has four parameters: DEVICE=RAMDRIVE.SYS <disksize><sectorsize><numentris> and two switches /e and /a, /e Creates the RAM disk in extended memory instead of in expanded memory or conventional memory. /a Creates the RAM disk in expanded memory instead of in extended or conventional memory. Syntax DEVICE=[drive:][path]RAMDRIVE.SYS [DiskSize SectorSize [NumEntries]]] [/E | /A] Parameters [drive:][path] Specifies the location of the RAMDRIVE.SYS file. DiskSize Specifies how many kilobytes of memory you want to use for the RAM drive. For example, to create a 640K RAM drive, specify 640. If you don't specify an amount, RAMDrive will create a 64K RAM drive. You can specify a value from 4 to 32767. However, you cannot specify more memory than your system has available. SectorSize Specifies the disk sector size in bytes. The size can be 128, 256, or 512 bytes. (If you include a SectorSize value, you must also include a value for DiskSize.) Generally, you should use the default sector size of 512 bytes. NumEntries Limits the number of files and directories you can create in the RAM drive's root directory. The limit can be from 2 to 1024 entries; the limit you specify is rounded up to the nearest sector size boundary. If you do not specify a limit, you can create up to 64 entries in the RAM drive's root directory. (If you include a value for NumEntries, you must also include values for DiskSize and SectorSize.) If there is not enough memory to create the RAM drive as specified, RAMDrive will try to create it with a limit of 16 directory entries. This may result in a RAM drive with a different limit from the one you specified. For RAMDrive to use extended memory, your system must be configured so that it provides extended memory, and a DEVICE command for the extended-memory manager (such as HIMEM.SYS) must appear in your CONFIG.SYS file before the DEVICE command for RAMDRIVE.SYS. In general, it is best to create a RAM drive in extended memory if your system has extended memory. For RAMDrive to use expanded memory, your system must be configured so that it provides expanded memory, and the DEVICE command for the expanded-memory manager (such as EMM386, 386MAX, CEMM, or QEMM) must appear in your CONFIG.SYS file before DEVICE command for RAMDRIVE.SYS. DEVICE=C:\DOS\RAMDRIVE.SYS 128 256 16 or create a RAM-disk with 1.5 Megabyte, 512-byte sectors and 200 file names in extended memory: DEVICE=C:\DOS\RAMDRIVE.SYS 1500 512 200 /E The use of RAM-disk can be divided in two groups. To optimize a certain process or you need to increase the speed generally. A typical example of optimizing a certain process is for example a program that reads two files at the same time and you get a disk trashing. This leads to that the reading head jumps between the to files as they are read into the computer. In addition you sit and wait for the computer to finish. If you place at least one of the files on a RAM-disk you avoid the problem. If you use the technique on similar problems you can achieve a much better efficiency and you can automate it. Think of a routine that automatically copy a file to a RAM drive, runs the job and maybe copies the file back and removes it from the RAM drive. You can also speed up DOS by using external commands or useful tools with a RAM drive. For example in AUTOEXEC.BAT which the computer runs each time you turn it on. The RAM-disk should be written in the beginning of the PATH-variable. To make it easier to use a RAM-disk you can run the batch file below, RAMDRIVE.BAT. The file will create and remove a RAM-disk to your needs. You don't have to make changes in the CONFIG.SYS directly. The RAMDRIVE.BAT uses to commands called REPLY and RESET. REPLY stops and waits for you to press a key and returns an ASCII-code. If you press any of the special keys on the keyboard it returns the enhanced ASCII-code (Extended ASCII). RESET reboots the computer as (Ctrl-Alt-Del) so the new changes can take place. The can make the programs by using scan codes and compile them in DEBUG. Here is how to do it: Create a file called .SCR-file and redirect it to DEBUG: DEBUG<filename.scr Type the following in your favourite editor, mine is Qedit: REPLY.SCR ========= n reply.com a 100 mov ah,8 int 21 cmp al,0 jnz 10a int 21 mov ah,4c int 21 r cx e w q RESET.SCR ========= n reset.com a 100 mov ax,40 mov ds,ax mov ax,1234 mov [0072], ax jmp f000:e05b r cx 10 w q You write RAMDRIVE.BAT as a normal batch file. But be accurate. The file is rather complicated. RAMDRIVE.BAT ============ @ECHO OFF CLS C: CD\ IF "%1"=="none" GOTO NOTHING IF "%1"=="new" GOTO RAMDRIVE IF "%1"=="add" GOTO RAMDRIVE ECHO Syntax: ECHO RAMDRIVE add {size} {sector} {files} [/E] ECHO RAMDRIVE new {size} {sector} {files} [/E] ECHO RAMDRIVE none GOTO STATUS :NOTHING COPY CONFIG.$$$ CONFIG.NEW >nul IF EXIST ramdrive.log DEL ramdrive.log IF EXIST log.new DEL log.new IF EXIST config.new DEL config.new GOTO RESET :RAMDRIVE IF not "%2"=="" IF not "%3"=="" IF not "%4"=="" GOTO OK ECHO You must specify at least three parameters to the ramdrive GOTO END :OK IF %1==none COPY config.$$$ config.new >nul IF %1==new COPY config.sys config.new IF %1==add IF EXIST RAMDRIVE.log COPY RAMDRIVE.log log.new >nul ECHO DEVICE=C:\DOS\RAMDRIVE.sys %2 %3 %4 %5 >>config.ref COPY config.ref+config.$$$ config.new >nul IF "%5"=="" ECHO %2 Kbyte disk with %3-byte sectors and max %4 files>>log.new IF "%5"=="/E" ECHO %2 Kbyte disk with %3-byte sectors and max %4 files in extended memory>>log.new :RESET ECHO The following RAMDRIVES are now defined: IF EXIST log.new type log.new IF NOT EXIST log.new ECHO *** NOTHING *** ECHO Press F1 to continue or any other key to cancel. REPLY IF ERRORLEVEL 59 IF NOT ERRORLEVEL 60 GOTO DO_IT ECHO *** CANCELLED *** IF EXIST log.new DEL log.new GOTO STATUS :DO_IT DEL config.sys REN config.new config.sys IF EXIST log.new COPY log.new Ramdrive.log >nul RESET :STATUS ECHO Active RAMDRIVE: IF EXIST RAMDRIVE.log type RAMDRIVE.log IF NOT EXIST RAMDRIVE.log ECHO *** NOTHING *** :END Before you run RAMDRIVE.BAT you must copy the original CONFIG.SYS to CONFIG.$$$. Then you type RAMDRIVE. Both REPLY and RESET must be in the path. RAMDRIVE.BAT must be located in the root directory. Chapter 10: To remove files accidentally extracted ================================================ DEZIP.BAT ========= @ECHO OFF :DEZIP.BAT - Removes file accidentally extracted to the wrong directory. : (Type "DEZIP /?" (not the quotes) for brief instructions). ECHO. :Check user parameters------------------------------------------------ if (%1)==() goto SYNTAX if (%1)==(?) goto SYNTAX if (%1)==(/?) goto SYNTAX if (%2)==() goto SYNTAX if (%2)==(?) goto SYNTAX if (%2)==(/?) goto SYNTAX :Check target directory ------------------------------------------------ if not exist %1\nul echo Error: %1 does NOT exist! if not exist %1\nul goto SYNTAX if not exist %1\*.* echo Error: %1 does NOT contain any files! if not exist %1\*.* goto SYNTAX :Check for ZIP file ---------------------------------------------------- if not exist %2 echo Error: %2 does NOT exist! if not exist %2 goto SYNTAX :Check for PKZIP.EXE --------------------------------------------------- ctty nul ver|pkzip>temptemp ctty con copy temptemp+,,>nul if not exist temptemp echo Error: PKZIP is NOT available! if not exist temptemp goto SYNTAX :Do it! ---------------------------------------------------------------- pkzip- -fm %2 %1\*.*>nul if errorlevel 18 echo Error: PKZIP reports it is unable to open 1 or if errorlevel 18 echo more specified files. if errorlevel 18 goto SYNTAX if errorlevel 17 echo Error: PKZIP reports there are too many files if errorlevel 17 echo for the amount of memory available. if errorlevel 17 goto SYNTAX if errorlevel 16 echo Error: PKZIP reports bad or illegal parameters if errorlevel 16 echo specified. if errorlevel 16 goto SYNTAX if errorlevel 15 echo Error: PKZIP reports the ZIP file is read-only if errorlevel 15 echo and can not be modified. if errorlevel 15 goto SYNTAX if errorlevel 14 echo Error: PKZIP reports your disk is full. if errorlevel 14 goto SYNTAX if errorlevel 13 echo Error: PKZIP reports the specified ZIP: %2 if errorlevel 13 echo was NOT found. if errorlevel 13 goto SYNTAX if errorlevel 12 echo Error: PKZIP reports NO files were found to if errorlevel 12 echo add/delete to/from ZIP file. if errorlevel 12 goto SYNTAX if errorlevel 11 echo Error: PKZIP reports Insufficient memory. if errorlevel 11 goto SYNTAX if errorlevel 3 echo Error: PKZIP reports error in ZIP file. if errorlevel 3 goto SYNTAX if errorlevel 1 echo Error: PKZIP reports bad file name or file if errorlevel 1 echo specification. :SUCCESS --------------------------------------------------------------- echo Any files that were in subdirectory: %1 echo with the same filenames as files in: %2 echo have been successfully removed from: %1 echo. echo. goto CLEANUP :SYNTAX ---------------------------------------------------------------- echo. echo Name: DEZIP.BAT v1.1 - Vernon Frazee 06/91 echo. echo Purpose: Removes files accidentally unZIPped to the wrong directory. echo. echo Syntax: [d:][\path\]DEZIP d:\path d:\path\filename.zip echo. echo Where: "d:\path" is the drive:\directory containing the files echo you want DEZIP to remove. echo. echo "d:\path\filename.zip" is the ZIP file containing the echo filenames you want removed from "d:\path". echo. echo \/--------------[ Any files in this ZIP echo Example: DEZIP C:\LOTUS D:\NEW\FOO.ZIP echo /\------------------------[ remove from this DIR. echo. echo English: Remove all the files from the C:\LOTUS directory that are echo duplicates of any files found in D:\NEW\FOO.ZIP. echo. echo Note: PKZIP.EXE must be available somewhere in your PATH. echo. :CLEANUP --------------------------------------------------------------- if exist temptemp del temptemp :END ------------------------------------------------------------- -vjf- Chapter 11: Choice ================== While experimenting with DOSSHELL I pressed the Enter key with a Batch File highlighted. Of course the file was executed even though I didn't really want to defrag my drive at the moment. Associating this batch file with the .BAT extension provides the option to Edit, Run or Cancel. Seems like this could also be cloned to send .DOC files to the Word Processor, ASCII Editor, or Viewer; view or extract archives; etc.. MULTIJOB.BAT ============ @ECHO off rem CLS bright white on blue (ansi) ECHO ECHO ===============================[Multi-Associate]=========================== ECHO Please select action to take with: %1 ECHO. CHOICE /c:erc Edit, Run, or Cancel IF errorlevel 3 GOTO clear IF errorlevel 2 GOTO run IF errorlevel 1 GOTO editor :editor ECHO edit %1 GOTO end :run ECHO CALL %1 GOTO end :clear ECHO :end rem -- multiple-association batch file for DOSSHELL -- Chapter 12: How to get the system date ======================================= In this chapter we will discuss among other topics how to get the system date, using only three letters and without a complicated batch file with labels and GOTO. We start with a simple COM program called MON.COM. created with scan codes. Write the following into your editor. My favourite is Qedit. MON.SCR ======= N MON.COM A 100 MOV AH, 2A INT 21 MOV AL, DH MOV AH, 4C INT 21 R CX A W Q ;int 21h/2a Get System Date ;returns: ; al day of week (0-6) ; cx year (1980-2099) ; dh month (1-12) ; dl day (1-31) mov ah,2ah int 21h mov al,dh ; we send the month in errorlevel mov ah,4ch int 21h Then the batch file. MON.BAT ======= @echo off mon if errorlevel 1 set mon=jan if errorlevel 2 set mon=feb if errorlevel 3 set mon=mar if errorlevel 4 set mon=apr if errorlevel 5 set mon=may if errorlevel 6 set mon=jun if errorlevel 7 set mon=jul if errorlevel 8 set mon=aug if errorlevel 9 set mon=sep if errorlevel 10 set mon=oct if errorlevel 11 set mon=nov if errorlevel 12 set mon=dec Technically what we have here is an exception to the high -> low testing of errorlevel. In our example it works because we are constantly overwriting a single variable from the lowest errorlevel to the one that you want. Although it works, I believe it is poor programming practice because: 1) it is an exceptional case and programming techniques should be as consistent as possible both for the benefit of the programmer, who does not have to consider "is this an exception and therefore I can do another way if I want to", and more importantly for anybody else who may need to read, and or maintain, the code. 2) it is less efficient since you are consuming extra memory cycles for each errorlevel below the one you want by rewriting the variable each time. I guess I have been in this business too long, but I continue to look with amazement at the bloat that has taken place in both program size and machine cycle capability to perform them. There have been several batch files that will set a date or time in an environment variable. They are smaller and do not require any additional unique programs or capabilities other than what can be done with plain DOS. Despite all of the above, I think the program is a clever use of both assembly language and a batch file. Here is another batch file which gets the system date. GETDATE.BAT =========== : Sets the date as an environment variable. ECHO @ECHO OFF > C:\CURRENT.BAT ECHO @SET TODAY=%%4 >> C:\CURRENT.BAT ECHO. | DATE | FIND "Current" > C:\GDATE.BAT CALL C:\GDATE.BAT < C:\CURRENT.BAT DEL C:\CURRENT.BAT > NUL DEL C:\GDATE.BAT > NUL This puts the current date as mo-da-year in the environment variable TODAY. ECHO @ECHO OFF > C:\CURRENT.BAT ECHO @SET TODAY=%%4 >> C:\CURRENT.BAT ECHO. | DATE | FIND "Current" > C:\GDATE.BAT CALL C:\GDATE.BAT < C:\CURRENT.BAT DEL C:\CURRENT.BAT > NUL DEL C:\GDATE.BAT > NUL the mo-da-year will be in TODAY. echo.|date>!!temp.bat echo set today=%%4>current.bat call temp.bat del temp.bat del current.bat rem>%TODAY%.T$T NOTE! Following lines beginning with "for" should be all on one line. Also note that the line beginning with "for %%y" handles years 1993 through 1999 only. You will need to change this on January 1, 2000. for %%m in (01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12) do if exist %%m-??-19.T$T set M=%%M for %%d in (01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10) do if exist %M%-%%d-19.T$T set D=%%d for %%d in (11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20) do if exist %M%-%%d-19.T$T set D=%%d for %%d in (21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31) do if exist %M%-%%d-19.T$T set D=%%d for %%y in (3 4 5 6 7 8 9) do if "%TODAY%" == "%M%-%D%-199%%y" set Y=%%y del %TODAY%.T$T SET TODAY= SET M= SET D= SET Y= @ECHO off ::set month to alpha as an environment variable using plain dos ECHO.|date>gdate.bat ECHO set today=%%4 > current.bat CALL gdate.bat DEL gdate.bat DEL current.bat REM>%TODAY% FOR %%m IN (01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12) DO IF EXIST %%m-??-?? SET MN=%m IF "%MN%" == "01" set MON=Jan IF "%MN%" == "02" set MON=Feb IF "%MN%" == "03" set MON=Mar IF "%MN%" == "04" set MON=Apr IF "%MN%" == "05" set MON=May IF "%MN%" == "06" set MON=Jun IF "%MN%" == "07" set MON=Jul IF "%MN%" == "08" set MON=Aug IF "%MN%" == "09" set MON=Sep IF "%MN%" == "10" set MON=Oct IF "%MN%" == "11" set MON=Nov IF "%MN%" == "12" set MON=Dec IF exist %MN%-??-?? DEL %MN%-??-?? set TODAY= set MN= @echo off rem GETDTVAR.BAT rem Put current day, date, time into every LOGDAY, LOGDATE and LOGTIME ver | date > %temp%\gd.bat echo set logday=%%3 >current.bat echo set logdate=%%4 >>current.bat call %temp%\gd ver | time>%temp%\gd.bat echo set logtime=%%3 >current.bat call %temp%\gd for %%a in (%temp%\gd.bat current.bat) do del %%a>nul Get (GET26A.ZIP) is great for just this kind of thing. A shareware utility that does all kinds of things involving the environment. I need a way to (1) save the current DATE and (2) set the DATE ahead by a fixed number of days. Saving is easy, there'll be an ECHO . | DATE > in there somewhere. The second is trickier. I know that DATE will deliver a text string that will call CURRENT.BAT, which thus gets the MM DD and YYYY of today's system date. I believe too that if I can increment those values (wrap-around at end-of-month and end-of-year would be nice!) I can reset the date using the new values. How to increment string values? I've toyed with the idea of building a value by repeated copying of a 1-byte file: COPY ERASE1+1BYTE ERASE1 and then grabbing the size field of the DIR command output. I've toyed with the idea of setting a string to be the appropriate length (here's a 5-character string that represents today's date, here's a 14-character string that represents two weeks into the future, calculate them. My suggestion is to write a computer program to do it, even in BASIC. It would be cleaner, faster, and easier too, and could utilize system resources for doing the wrap or even avoiding February problems in leap years, or whatever. This won't be an answer to the problem as much as it is a theory that may apply. You may find it easier to manipulate the dates within the Julian Calendar, and when you've done all your calculations and so forth, then translate the Julian Calendar back to our normal calendar, and voila. REM BUMPDAY.BAT :: Increment the DAY by 1. Roll into next month. :: Calls SETMAXDY, BUMPMTH (and hence BUMPYEAR) @echo off call SETMAXDY set MAXMTH=12 if "1"=="31" goto BUMPMTH set RES=1 call INCBY1 set DAY=2 goto EXIT :BUMPMTH call BUMPMTH :EXIT @echo 8/2/1 REM end of BUMPDAY.BAT ======================================================================= REM SETMAXDY.BAT :: Define MAXDAY based on MONTH number :: Called from BUMPDAY.BAT @echo off if "%month%"=="1" set maxday=31 if "%month%"=="2" set maxday=28 if "%month%"=="3" set maxday=31 if "%month%"=="4" set maxday=30 if "%month%"=="5" set maxday=31 if "%month%"=="6" set maxday=30 if "%month%"=="7" set maxday=31 if "%month%"=="8" set maxday=31 if "%month%"=="9" set maxday=30 if "%month%"=="10" set maxday=31 if "%month%"=="11" set maxday=30 if "%month%"=="12" set maxday=31 REM end of SETMAXDY.BAT ================================================================== REM BUMPMTH.BAT :: Bump the MONTH number up by 1. Roll into the next YEAR. :: Called from BUMPDAY. Calls BUMPYEAR set DAY=1 if "2"=="12" goto BUMPYEAR :BUMPMONTH set RES=2 call INCBY1 set MONTH=2 goto EXIT :BUMPYEAR call BUMPYEAR :EXIT REM End of BUMPMONTH.BAT ======================================================================= REM BUMPYEAR.BAT :: Increment the year by 1. Called from BUMPMTH.BAT set MONTH=1 set RES=8 call INCBY1 set YEAR=2 REM end of BUMPYEAR.BAT ======================================================================= REM INCBY1.BAT :: Increment the environment variable RES by 1 :: called from BUMPDAY. BUMPMTH, BUMPYEAR @echo off if "%res%"=="30" goto 31 if "%res%"=="29" goto 30 if "%res%"=="28" goto 29 if "%res%"=="27" goto 28 if "%res%"=="26" goto 27 if "%res%"=="25" goto 26 if "%res%"=="24" goto 25 if "%res%"=="23" goto 24 if "%res%"=="22" goto 23 if "%res%"=="21" goto 22 if "%res%"=="20" goto 21 if "%res%"=="19" goto 20 if "%res%"=="18" goto 19 if "%res%"=="17" goto 18 if "%res%"=="16" goto 17 if "%res%"=="15" goto 16 if "%res%"=="14" goto 15 if "%res%"=="13" goto 14 if "%res%"=="12" goto 13 if "%res%"=="11" goto 12 if "%res%"=="10" goto 11 if "%res%"=="9" goto 10 if "%res%"=="8" goto 9 set YEAR=8 set DAY=1 set MONTH=2 call BUMPDAY (repeatedly) ======================================================================= REM BUMPDAY.BAT :: Increment the DAY by 1. Roll into next month. :: Calls SETMAXDY, BUMPMTH (and hence BUMPYEAR) @echo off call SETMAXDY set MAXMTH=12 if "1"=="31" goto BUMPMTH set RES=1 call INCBY1 set DAY=2 goto EXIT :BUMPMTH call BUMPMTH :EXIT @echo 8/2/1 REM end of BUMPDAY.BAT ======================================================================= REM SETMAXDY.BAT :: Define MAXDAY based on MONTH number :: Called from BUMPDAY.BAT @echo off if "%month%"=="1" set maxday=31 if "%month%"=="2" set maxday=28 if "%month%"=="3" set maxday=31 if "%month%"=="4" set maxday=30 if "%month%"=="5" set maxday=31 if "%month%"=="6" set maxday=30 if "%month%"=="7" set maxday=31 if "%month%"=="8" set maxday=31 if "%month%"=="9" set maxday=30 if "%month%"=="10" set maxday=31 if "%month%"=="11" set maxday=30 if "%month%"=="12" set maxday=31 REM end of SETMAXDY.BAT ================================================================== REM BUMPMTH.BAT :: Bump the MONTH number up by 1. Roll into the next YEAR. :: Called from BUMPDAY. Calls BUMPYEAR set DAY=1 if "2"=="12" goto BUMPYEAR :BUMPMONTH set RES=2 call INCBY1 set MONTH=2 goto EXIT :BUMPYEAR call BUMPYEAR :EXIT REM End of BUMPMONTH.BAT ======================================================================= REM BUMPYEAR.BAT :: Increment the year by 1. Called from BUMPMTH.BAT set MONTH=1 set RES=8 call INCBY1 set YEAR=2 REM end of BUMPYEAR.BAT ======================================================================= REM INCBY1.BAT :: Increment the environment variable RES by 1 :: called from BUMPDAY. BUMPMTH, BUMPYEAR @echo off if "%res%"=="30" goto 31 if "%res%"=="29" goto 30 if "%res%"=="28" goto 29 if "%res%"=="27" goto 28 if "%res%"=="26" goto 27 if "%res%"=="25" goto 26 if "%res%"=="24" goto 25 if "%res%"=="23" goto 24 if "%res%"=="22" goto 23 if "%res%"=="21" goto 22 if "%res%"=="20" goto 21 if "%res%"=="19" goto 20 if "%res%"=="18" goto 19 if "%res%"=="17" goto 18 if "%res%"=="16" goto 17 if "%res%"=="15" goto 16 if "%res%"=="14" goto 15 if "%res%"=="13" goto 14 if "%res%"=="12" goto 13 if "%res%"=="11" goto 12 if "%res%"=="10" goto 11 if "%res%"=="9" goto 10 if "%res%"=="8" goto 9 if "%res%"=="7" goto 8 if "%res%"=="6" goto 7 if "%res%"=="5" goto 6 if "%res%"=="4" goto 5 if "%res%"=="3" goto 4 if "%res%"=="2" goto 3 if "%res%"=="1" goto 2 if "%res%"=="0" goto 1 pause goto exit :31 set res=31 goto exit :30 set res=30 goto exit :29 set res=29 goto exit :28 set res=28 goto exit :27 set res=27 goto exit :26 set res=26 goto exit :25 set res=25 goto exit :24 set res=24 goto exit :23 set res=23 goto exit :22 set res=22 goto exit :21 set res=21 goto exit :20 set res=20 goto exit :19 set res=19 goto exit :18 set res=18 goto exit :17 set res=17 goto exit :16 set res=16 goto exit :15 set res=15 goto exit :14 set res=14 goto exit :13 set res=13 goto exit :12 set res=12 goto exit :11 set res=11 goto exit :10 set res=10 goto exit :9 set res=9 goto exit :8 set res=8 goto exit :7 set res=7 goto exit :6 set res=6 goto exit :5 set res=5 goto exit :4 set res=4 goto exit :3 set res=3 goto exit :2 set res=2 goto exit :1 set res=1 goto exit :0 set res=0 goto exit :1 set res=1 goto exit :exit REM end of IncBy1.BAT ================================================================== Run this through DEBUG, like so: DEBUG < SPFOWARD.SCR. n spfoward.com a 100 mov ah,2c int 21 inc ch mov ah,2d int 21 ret (blank line) rcx b w q Then, anytime *before* 11PM on any day (because it doesn't check to see if the hours are > 11PM and won't adjust the day right if so), just do SPFOWARD from DOS. When fall comes, make a copy of SPFOWARD.SCR called FALLBACK.SCR, change the N at the top to read N fallback.com, change the "inc ch" to "dec ch", and run the fallback.scr through DEBUG, run FALLBACK from DOS *after* 1am on any day and you'll be back to non-DST time. Hope this helps. Chapter 13: Extracting text strings =================================== The other day I received a letter on my bulletin board. The writer wanted to know if there was a method to extract parts of a text string and use it in a batch file. I write this message to ask if either of you know a way to extract portions of a text string using batch commands. If available, I could eliminate use of the GWBASIC program referred to above, making the program all-batch. Can't help with extracting strings within a batch program except by using some external program as you have done. But if you are only interested in parsing the date, the following is an extract of a batch program I saved from this conference that does that. echo.|date>!!temp.bat echo set today=%%4>current.bat call temp.bat del temp.bat del current.bat rem>%TODAY%.T$T NOTE! Following lines beginning with "for" should be all on one line. They just wouldn't fit that way in my editor. Also note that the line beginning with "for %%y" handles years 1993 through 1999 only. You will need to change this on January 1, 2000 <g>. for %%m in (01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12) do if exist %%m-??-19.T$T set M=%%M for %%d in (01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10) do if exist %M%-%%d-19.T$T set D=%%d for %%d in (11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20) do if exist %M%-%%d-19.T$T set D=%%d for %%d in (21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31) do if exist %M%-%%d-19.T$T set D=%%d for %%y in (3 4 5 6 7 8 9) do if "%TODAY%" == "%M%-%D%-199%%y" set Y=%%y del %TODAY%.T$T SET TODAY= SET M= SET D= SET Y= The code we're discussing looks like part of a date-formatting program. I wrote such a batch program, setting DAY to Tue (or whatever), and DATE to 05-29-1926 (or whatever), but I couldn't figure out how to extract the components of DATE (ie. separate 05 from 29 from 1926) with batch commands. So, my batch program calls a GWBASIC program which does the extraction and conversion of month from numeral to month-name, and sets the month-name. This lets me place in my opening menu such gems as Tuesday the 8th of May 1926. The basic program is fine, assuming every machine you run this on has gwbasic. if you want to keep everything DOS-ish, the way I described is the way to go. I'll try to explain it better: echo @echo off > current.bat echo @set day=%%3 >> current.bat echo @set date=%%4 >> current.bat echo. | date | find "Current" > gdate.bat call gdate.bat < current.bat Here goes: The first three lines simply create another batch file. It's contents are: @echo off @set day=%3 @set date=%4 This batch file sets a var "day" and a var "date" based on parameters passed to it, the 3rd and 4th specifically. The 4th line of the first batch file creates a file containing one line. Here's the contents of gdate.bat: Current date is Tue 02-12-93 Finally, the last line runs the batch file created, using the contents of the 2nd file as -input- ... the %3 and %4 pick up "Tue" and "02-12-93" respectively. It's a way of getting around an inefficiency in DOS. From my point of view, using a program is fine, too. That's what PC's are for. TODAY.BAT ========= for %%m in (01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12) do IF exist %%m-??-19.T$T set M=%%M for %%d in (01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10) do IF exist %M%-%%d-19.T$T set D=%%d for %%d in (11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20) do IF exist %M%-%%d-19.T$T set D=%%d for %%d in (21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31) do IF exist %M%-%%d-19.T$T set D=%%d for %%y in (3 4 5 6 7 8 9) do IF "%TODAY%" == "%M%-%D%-199%%y" set Y=%%y del %TODAY%.T$T SET TODAY= SET M= SET D= SET Y= Chapter 14: Different batch enhancers and using scan codes ========================================================== This book will describe different utilities, batch enhancers, shareware, public domain and the use of scan codes that increase the flexibility and functionality of batch files further. Sharewares are like the book you are just reading: You find these programs on bulletin boards and internet all over the world and download them to your own computer. Normally you can evaluate the shareware for a certain time. Do you find the product useful and will continue using it, you have to pay for it. This is also what you have to do with the first program I will discuss later in this book, GET.EXE Chapter 15: Batch files and mail ================================ I often visit different databases, bulletin boards and internet to collect and get information. The information is automatically loaded into my computer. The mail is read in my off-line mailreader. I want it to fetch my off-line mail packets from my download directory, place them in a mail directory and start my mail reader. Now, here's the tricky part. I'd like it to rename, rather than overwrite any existing packets, and I need it to be able to deal with packets from several BBSs at the same time. This is a batch file I've been working on. It seems to work okay when dealing with mail from one BBS only. I don't know enough about how DOS handles these commands when dealing with multiple files to even guess what might happen when there are several QWK packets involved. I wonder if it might be better to rename the packets before reading them. For general use, an on-screen message warning of impending deletions might be better. The beeps and .QQQ file extension meet my needs. MAIL.BAT ======== @ECHO OFF CLS rem if no new mail, just read old mail IF NOT EXIST C:\ZDOWN\*.QWK GOTO READ rem rem fetch packets from d/l directory MOVE C:\ZDOWN\*.QWK C:\ZMAIL > NUL rem warn if old packets will be deleted after this session IF NOT EXIST C:\ZMAIL\*.QQQ GOTO READ rem beep.com, beeps speaker BEEP BEEP :READ rem rem start mail reader C:\SLMR\SLMR.EXE rem if there was no new mail we are finished IF NOT EXIST C:\ZMAIL\*.QWK GOTO END rem delete oldest packets ECHO Y | DEL C:\ZMAIL\*.QQQ > NUL rem renumber packets :QW3 IF NOT EXIST C:\ZMAIL\*.QW3 GOTO QW2 REN *.QW3 *.QQQ > NUL :QW2 IF NOT EXIST C:\ZMAIL\*.QW2 GOTO QW1 REN *.QW2 *.QW3 > NUL :QW1 IF NOT EXIST C:\ZMAIL\*.QW1 GOTO QWK REN *.QW1 *.QW2 > NUL :QWK IF NOT EXIST C:\ZMAIL\*.QWK GOTO END REN *.QWK *.QW1 > NUL :END rem goodbye! CLS Chapter 16: How to suppress the writing on the screen? ====================================================== I keep most of my programs zipped in a directory called zips and use this batch file to run them: @echo off md \temp cd \temp pkunzip c:\zips\anyname.zip anyname.exe pkzip /u c:\zips\anyname.zip cd \ deltree /y c:\temp This works just fine, but I would like to suppress the writing on the screen of pkzip as it un-compresses I believe it involves using >@ after the line " pkunzip c:\zips\anyname.zip >@ and this seems to work except that the @ keeps getting updated when I close the program. What I want is to "> nul" to prevent screen writing while unzipping. @echo off md \temp cd \temp pkunzip c:\zips\anyname.zip > nul anyname.exe pkzip /u c:\zips\anyname.zip cd \ deltree /y c:\temp The redirection command is > nul not >@. The only thought about how to improve your batch file would be to use a command line variable for the name of the zip file (anyname). If your batch file, for example, is named dozip.bat, then you could call it with dozip anyname and substitute the variable %1 where ever anyname appears in your batch file. This would make the batch file general purpose for any zip filename. Chapter 17: How to have a batch file testing if Windows is running ================================================================== EXITING WINDOWS? What is the best "Exit Windows" command? Not sure if this is a help but there's a 8192 byte exe file called Winexit.exe you could use as a quick exit from Windows. If put in windows as an icon, you would double click it and you are back to dos. If you are trying to automate a windows, have you tried the key-stroke recorder in windows? Have you heard or tried Winrun.exe? Its a program that lets you start a windows program from the command line or a batch file. I have one that goes right to Winfax. If you are interested in Winexit.exe and can't find it let me know and I'll send it to you as a debug script. I use WinBatch from WilsonWindowWare to do this kind of thing. It allows you to do just about anything you need and you can use the included compiler to create .EXE files. I love this thing... ...and it's cheap. 1. I've found that Winclock does not allow me to run winexit.exe as an alarm (although it can run all other programs as WP, Excel, Becker tools Backup and many more. It even allows you to write lines to these programs when starting them. 2. I've got the DOS-version of my fax program, so I can simply run my fax as an TSR and then make a batch-file calling the BBSs. It's quite a tool. I used it last week to run a PC maintenance program on 100+ PCs notion wide. It contains most of the needed logical expressions of a full programming language, with the simple syntax of dos. I tend to use it for the windows functions of my batch files, where my batch file calls windows after replacing Startup.grp with a new one including my winbatch .EXE. It is kind of shareware, but you need to buy the full boat to get the compiler(well worth it!) How to have a batch file test to see if Windows is running. You know about using EXIT, but this program needs to be executed from another shell that also employs the exit command. Further, you need to echo a message to the user if Windows is running. Well, you would take windows out of the path statement, or move it to the end of the statement, and insure that the following is in a path that occurs before the windows...... @echo off cls prompt Type EXIT to return to Windows!$_$P$G C:\WINDOWS\WIN %1 %2 prompt $P$G cls You can test if the variable windir exists: if '%windir%==' echo Not in Windows! if not '%windir%==' echo Windows running! @echo off cls prompt Type EXIT to return to Windows!$_$P$G C:\WINDOWS\WIN %1 %2 prompt $P$G cls Did you know you can do this with "set winpmt="? That will accomplish the same thing, except you don't need a batch file to load win. I use a simple utility called ISWIN (look for it on your favorite BBS). When run in the batch file it returns an errorlevel that you can test for and branch your batch file accordingly. Simple, easy to use.. If you don't mind using a third party program, try out this little number that I just whipped together for you: --- CUT --- n iswin.com e 0100 B8 80 46 CD 2F 3D 00 00 75 05 B0 01 EB 15 90 B8 00 16 CD 2F e 0114 3C 00 74 09 3C 80 74 05 B0 01 EB 03 90 B0 00 B4 4C CD 21 rcx 0027 w q --- CUT --- Save the text between those two '--- CUT ---' lines to a file called ISWIN.ASC and compile it to a .COM file like so: DEBUG < ISWIN.ASC. This will create the file ISWIN.COM which you then include in your batch file. This file will set ERRORLEVEL to 1 if windows is running, or 0 if not. Here's a demo: --- CUT --- :* Example batch file to demo ISWIN.COM @ECHO OFF ISWIN IF NOT ERRORLEVEL 1 GOTO NoWin ECHO Windows is currently running. GOTO EndIt :NoWin ECHO Windows is *NOT* running. :Endit --- CUT --- Interestingly enough, one of the windows magazines I read, had a batch file for this sort of thing, that set a environmental variable of something like set W=Y, and the batch file looked for this variable if you were shelled out of Windows to Dos, and tried to enter dos by typing WIN again. Wonder why they just didn't have the batch file search for the WINDIR variable. One other way would be to pipe the output of MEM/C to FIND WIN. Again, try before you rely. I assume that you mean to test for the presence of MS Windows being "loaded" as apposed to a program running. For that purpose there is the environmental variable "windir" which identifies which directory the MS Windows program resides. It only exists when MS Windows has been loaded. You would test for it as follows: if "%windir%"=="C:\windows" [insert a command here] Note that the correct case is important. After loading MS Windows, you can type "SET" at the DOS prompt to find the correct directory and the exact case usage of "windir". Exactly what were you referring to about knowing about EXIT usage? Were you eluding to the fact that when your attempt to exit MS Windows, open DOS programs are check for and identified as running, inhibiting the closure of MS Windows. I see I was a bit vague there. Let me better explain. First, something you already know (for those that may not). When you place something like %EVAR% into a batch file, DOS replaces all occurrences of %EVAR% with the contents of the respective named environment variable. So, if you have something like 'HOMEDIR=C:\FINN' in your environment, then the batch file command 'CD %HOMEDIR%' is translated to 'CD C:\FINN'. If DOS cannot find an environmental variable of that name, then it simply replaces it with nothing. (eg, if HOMEDIR was not defined, then 'CD %HOMEDIR%' would just become 'CD '.) Now, for the new stuff (maybe!). DOS is CASE SENSITIVE when it compares things (like environment variables, filenames, etc). AND it turns everything it processes from command lines and batch files into UPPER CASE (other that ECHO's and the like). Therefore, the line in your batch file: IF '%windir%==' echo Not in windows! becomes IF '%WINDIR%==' ECHO Not in windows! Notice how the WINDIR environment variable *NAME* (not contents!) has been converted to UPPER CASE there? Now DOS searches for the occurrence of *UPPER CASE* environment variable called WINDIR. Do a SET from a DOS window and look at your environment variables. The 'windir' variable is in lower case. DOS, though, is looking for it in UPPER CASE. In DOS, upper case 'WINDIR' is not the same as lower case 'windir' (remember, COMMAND.COM is CASE sensitive!), so it replaces %WINDIR% with nothing. As a result your line is translated to: IF '==' ECHO Not in windows! every time! Questions? When you have registered your Run Batch Run Book you may get support for your batch problems by sending email to the address below. *** Finn Roaas, Oslo, Norway, internet: finnr@oslonett.no *** Now, another method that comes to mind is to pipe a SET command to FIND end search for "windir": SET | FIND "windir" > temp.fil Next, one could use COPY to determine if the file is zero length. Another way would be to pipe the output to a batch file, CALL that file, then run the test as before (DOS will have set WINDIR from the temporary batch file). And, as I mentioned in another message, one could search the output of MEM/C. if '%windir%==' echo Not in Windows! if not '%windir%==' echo Windows running! Unless you are running NDOS/4DOS, this won't work, though. If you are using NDOS/4DOS, be aware that you will be taking chances if you need to run it on other machines! Also, take a look at the little ISWIN.COM which will do the job nicely. Chapter 18: Invisible cursor ============================ Is there an ANSI.SYS prompt to make the cursor invisible? If you do not mind the cursor blinking just set the prompt to prompt $H. This is the 'backspace' command for the prompt, so it overwrites the C> default. If you DO mind the blinking cursor you can use ansi to color the foreground and background the same as your normal background color. Chapter 19: Numbered repeats in batch files ============================================ I have the following batch file to print labels... LABEL.BAT ========= :LOOP COPY D.TXT lpt1 GOTO LOOP and the file 'D." is D.TXT ===== Finn Roaas Ole Reistads vei 39 N-1068 Oslo NORWAY Now, the batch file works perfectly, but with my printer having a buffer, I'm not sure how many labels I'm gonna get. If I don't press CTRL-BRK, I'll blow up the printer or it'll go till we're all dead. How do I get the batch file above to ask for a number to print, then print that many and quit? There are a couple of ways: 1. I can get a shareware program called GET which does arithmetic within a batch. 2. I can try modifying and incorporating the following batch files: CHANGEJ.BAT =========== Rem changej.bat @echo off REM Calling is done via: REM CALL CHANGEJ 0 U (increase) REM CALL CHANGEJ 9 U (decrease) REM Variables H, T, U must be REM initialized to single digits. set X=%2 if %X%==U set O=%U% if %X%==T set O=%T% if %X%==H set O=%H% set S=P if %1==9 set S=M goto %S%%O% :P0 :M2 set V=1 goto Y :P1 :M3 set V=2 goto Y :P2 :M4 set V=3 goto Y :P3 :M5 set V=4 goto Y :P4 :M6 set V=5 goto Y :P5 :M7 set V=6 goto Y :P6 :M8 set V=7 goto Y :P7 :M9 set V=8 goto Y :P8 :M0 set V=9 goto Y :P9 :M1 set V=0 :Y set %X%=%V% if "%X%"=="U" if %U%==%1 CALL changej %1 T if "%X%"=="T" if %T%==%1 CALL changej %1 H set J=%H%%T%%U% for %%v in (N O S X) DO set %%v= CNT.BAT ======= REM Cnt.bat @echo off REM CNT.bat to demonstrate REM CHANGEJ.bat REM ========================= for %%v in (U T H) DO set %%v=0 cls echo This routine counts from 1 to echo 12 and then backwards from 12 echo to 1. This is achieved using echo DOS statements only. It sets echo a variable J which may be used echo for stack-handling. The range echo of J is 000 through 999, but can echo be enlarged easily. echo. echo Hit any key to go on ... pause >nul cls :INCR CALL changej 0 U echo %J% if not %J%==012 goto INCR :DECR CALL changej 9 U echo %J% if not %J%==001 goto DECR :Z for %%v in (U T H J) DO set %%v= Neither of the above .bat files are mine. I picked them up some time ago and unfortunately did not record the name of the author. If you want plain dos and you don't want too many copies, or you are prepared to execute the batch file several times, this would do the job quick and dirty. Place the number of arguments on the line (any character will do) for each time you want it executed. Put 20 on the line, execute it, do an f3 to recopy the line, and you got 40 labels. Not pretty, but if you want something quick, that will do it. X.BAT ===== @echo off :loop COPY D.TXT lpt1 GOTO LOOP shift if not '%1'=='' goto loop Try this file I wrote called COUNT.BAT. It avoids having to use any disk access and can easily be expanded out to whatever number of digits you need to use. Simply pass the number of times to loop as a command line variable. COUNT.BAT ========= @echo off Rem Use this file as a basis for counting functions Rem COUNT.BAT accepts variable %1 as the number of times to loop Rem Initialize Place Holder Variables set d1=0 set d2=0 set d3=0 Rem Start the incrementing process :incr if %count% == %1 goto incr_exit if %d1%%d2% == 00 goto 1digit if %d1% == 0 goto 2digit set count=%d1%%d2%%d3% goto do :1digit set count=%d3% goto do :2digit set count=%d2%%d3% goto do Rem Functions,programs, etc. to be looped %1 number of times :do echo %count% Rem Increment the 1s digit. When it reaches ten, move on the 10s increment :incr_1 if %d3% == 9 goto incr_10 if %d3% == 8 set d3=9 if %d3% == 7 set d3=8 if %d3% == 6 set d3=7 if %d3% == 5 set d3=6 if %d3% == 4 set d3=5 if %d3% == 3 set d3=4 if %d3% == 2 set d3=3 if %d3% == 1 set d3=2 if %d3% == 0 set d3=1 goto incr Rem Reset 1s digit. Increment the 10s digit. When it reaches 100, move on Rem to 100s increment :incr_10 set d3=0 if %d2% == 9 goto incr_100 if %d2% == 8 set d2=9 if %d2% == 7 set d2=8 if %d2% == 6 set d2=7 if %d2% == 5 set d2=6 if %d2% == 4 set d2=5 if %d2% == 3 set d2=4 if %d2% == 2 set d2=3 if %d2% == 1 set d2=2 if %d2% == 0 set d2=1 goto incr Rem Reset 10s digit. Increment the 100s digit. When it reaches 1000, let Rem the user know the counter is beyond capacity :incr_100 set d2=0 if %d1% == 9 goto :incr_outofrange if %d1% == 8 set d1=9 if %d1% == 7 set d1=8 if %d1% == 6 set d1=7 if %d1% == 5 set d1=6 if %d1% == 4 set d1=5 if %d1% == 3 set d1=4 if %d1% == 2 set d1=3 if %d1% == 1 set d1=2 if %d1% == 0 set d1=1 goto incr Rem Let user know the file has looped beyond it's capacity :incr_outofrange echo Count has gone beyond 999! beep Rem Continue normal batch execution at this point :incr_exit Chapter 20: How you can write batch files that will execute certain commands based on the time of day? =========================================================== EXAMPLE .....some kind of "IF, ELSE" condition such as if the time of day is 3pm then xxx will be executed. I found the following debug script which creates a 10 byte executable called HOUR.COM. When you run HOUR.COM it returns an errorlevel that is the hour number in the 24 hour clock (11pm=23, etc.). You can then use the errorlevel to control your batch file. Extract the following between, but not including the lines to an ASCII editor and save as HOUR.SCR in the directory in which you want the HOUR.COM program to exist. Then at the command line for that directory run debug < hour.scr to create the hour.com file. HOUR.SCR ======== N HOUR.COM E 0100 B4 2C CD 21 88 E8 B4 4C CD 21 RCX 000A W Q Look at the documentation for the GET H command in Bob Stephan's BATch enhancer, GET.EXE. Look for GET25.ZIP on a BBS near you. There are third-party utilities that return errorlevels based on the time of day. For example, Bob Stephan's GET can return an errorlevel and environment string based on the hour, minute or second: GETCURRE.BAT ============ rem Loop until 3:00 pm :Loop rem Get the current hour get h 16 if not errorlevel 15 goto Loop rem This will execute at or shortly after 3:00pm (more or less) :MinLoop get h 32 if not errorlevel 15 goto MinLoop rem This will execute at 3:15pm +/- a second or so You could toss together a "poor man's" version of the H subcommand of GET by using the following DEBUG script, which produces a small COM file (473 bytes) built around the DOS Int 21/2Ch function: GETTIME.SCR =========== E165"GETTIME.COM" 0 E200"dTJ.BcEJn3qNZd165J2JIZIH3/mK6lLHwBJLU.06rVKNmJK18Y.GUo16GJ4Rp" E23D"7bPn/mMp7bQZt4RUUqPp756VB56Z7bQj75PZNLNg/06UU0AisWAnYG18YEHUo" E27A"16GJ4Rp7bPn/mMp7bQZt4RUoKOiJ5RZ/GMn/GNm7rPmlKNqJ4PUU0AisGBtYG" E2B7"18YkIUo16GJ4Rp7bPn/mMp7bQZt4RUALNXxaPY/GMn/GNm7rPmlKNqJ4PUU0A" E2F4"isGBtYG18E3OZ/0NZNKMpl4RUw4QoZqPi/GOn/0GioU08QIFIFJGBJ26q3X9k" E331".16L7LOoFLNi/GAm.mHXFrPWJaQU2HCtE16GxaMZ75RU6Y9UA2PV7rOUkXQj7" E36E"KNmFb9XlKMmh4Edt4NttmMjpaDBc.FjtKMoJ4NUErPU.LRWlKOX/0NjpKMdta" E3AB"9Bc.78IYQmxaQgJaRZl46q34PpJ46dB56YE99B50g6/cD.0..oJ.c00.7Tn1G" E3E8"pJ.Wcbi4.kHHpJ.W6bS2.knIpJUW4bC0.cv./USF..vzuGY.cr1.mECu2..hA" E425"pQ6HNZIEhf0.s9..c9..Qzw6GNn0MID..ERlHf.8G7n0s2U01HnVAcz.ILwMd" E462"ZLPBA.......3h7oQ6MBA" E100 B8 0 3C BA 65 1 33 C9 CD "!rC" BE 0 2 50 BD D9 1 55 BF 88 90 E117 "W3" DB B1 FA 8A F0 80 C1 6 32 E4 AC "<9v" 8 "<Zv" 2 2C 6 2C E12F 7 2C 2E E3 E8 D3 E0 A C6 AA 2 D8 92 "IIMu" E0 80 FB 3D 75 9 5A E147 59 5B B4 40 CD 21 73 7 B4 9 BA 58 1 CD 21 CD 20 7 "Error!$" G Q Here's how you could use GETTIME in a batch file: GETTIME1.BAT ============ rem Perform task after 12:34:56 pm :Hour gettime h if not errorlevel 12 goto Hour :Min gettime m if not errorlevel 34 goto Min :Sec gettime s if not errorlevel 56 goto Min rem Do task here at 12:34:56--accuracy basically depends rem on disk access speed. GETTIME reports the errorlevel to the console; if that bothers you, redirect STDOUT to the NUL device (gettime h > nul). Good luck! Recently a friend of mine got a new dx2 at work and he installed some games and other useful programs. But his boss was a little pissed at a couple employees that seem to be more interested in playing than actually doing their jobs. He wanted my friend to restrict their access. What he would like to have was a batch file that, when it started to run a program, it first checked the time and if it was between 6am - 5pm would give a message that this program will not operate during business hours. He wanted to include a password that will allow access. I could put passwords in or just completely keep them out but that would be bogus. He would just like to let them know in an interesting way not to screw up a good thing. The simplest way I know of to do this is to create a small file called HOUR.COM (see the same file above) from the following debug script (this script was originally published by Brett Glass in InfoWorld several years ago). HOUR.SCR ======== N HOUR.COM E100 B4 2C CD 21 88 E8 B4 4C CD 21 RCX A W Q If you put HOUR.COM in a directory on your path then you can use it in your batch file. Hour sets an errorlevel to the current hour of the day (with 0 for midnight and 23 for 11 pm). You can then test the errorlevel in the next statements in your batch file, e.g. RUNATTM.BAT =========== hour if errorlevel 17 goto ok if errorlevel 6 goto nogood :ok <put the commands here that will run the program being asked for> goto end :nogood <put the commands or message here that you want to convey> pause :end The errorlevel statements test for the argument or greater. If errorlevel 17 indicates that the time is between 5pm (17 hours in international time) and midnight, and will branch to the ok label and run the program. The next statement, if errorlevel 6 indicates that the time is 6am or greater, but that statement will not be executed if the previous statement has been executed. If the errorlevel 6 statement is executed, then the branch will be to the nogood label and your message will be displayed until another key is struck at which time the batch file will end and return to where it was called. If the hour is between 0 and 5 neither errorlevel statement will be executed and the command(s) in the ok label will be executed. Thus, all the hours you are interested in are covered in the two errorlevel statements. In this way a password is not necessary. Also, a knowledgeable user would still be able to run the program directly from a command prompt if he knew the command to run the program. Even if you added password protection into a batch file, the user would still have the same work around. PC's are not secure machines. Only baby-baby novices would be fooled by a batch file that wouldn't allow access to a program; nothing would prevent them from running it directly. Personally, I'd disallow games on a business machine. If you must, just leave the policing of the hours up to management. It's a simple matter of self-control on the part of an employee, one that can be discussed at his next evaluation if he can't stick to work during working hours. Let the employee know that's the deal. The time you spend disabling a program through a batch file will be wasted; it won't take long for anyone to see through it. Chapter 21: Return to directory =============================== Using just Dos, there is an easy way to have a batch file return you to the drive and subdirectory from which the batch file was started from. Try the following, naming it anything except director.bat or go.bat EXECUTE.BAT =========== @echo off echo @echo off> director.bat echo set olddir=%%2>> director.bat dir | find "Directory"> go.bat call go if exist director.bat del director.bat if exist go.bat del go.bat <do whatever else you want to do here> cd %olddir% <this gets you back to the original directory> <do anything else you want to do here> The environment variable olddir will hold the name of the directory from which you called this .bat file. This file works because the dir command has a heading that includes the line "Directory of <current pathname>". The find statement finds this line and puts it in go.bat. When you call go.bat it executes director.bat (the y is dropped since it is the 9th character and not read by DOS). The pathname is the second variable on the line and is therefore read into the olddir variable with the set statement. The %% sign is needed since DOS eliminates a %sign every time it reads the variable. I think most people use a 3rd party program. Here's something that will do the trick. The following DEBUG script will create PUSHPOP.LZH. PUSHPOP is an LHA archive containing PUSHD.COM and POPD.COM. PUSHD is installed as a TSR in AUTOEXEC.BAT. Once installed, it creates a directory stack, and will save the location of the directory you are currently in when you use it to change to a new directory. When you wish to return to where you were, POPD "pops" the previous location from the stack and restores you to it. In a batch file, it would work like this: WP.BAT ====== : WP.BAT - run WordPerfect @echo off : save current dir, and change to c:\wp pushd c:\wp wp : return to wherever you were when the batch file was invoked. popd : WP.BAT ends To get PUSHPOP.LZH, type the following to a file called PUSHPOP.SCR, and remove everything up to the "N PUSHPOP.LZH" line. Then feed the file to DEBUG with "DEBUG < PUSHPOP.SCR". DEBUG will read the information into memory and write out the PUSHPOP.LZH archive. You will need LHA 2.X to extract the contents. PUSHPOP.SCR =========== N PUSHPOP.LZH E 0100 22 58 2D 6C 68 34 2D 48 01 00 00 CD 02 00 00 33 75 8F 0D 20 01 E 0115 09 50 55 53 48 44 2E 43 4F 4D 7A 18 4D 00 00 01 2B 5A 77 16 25 E 012A FE FF F9 4F F1 08 36 08 38 A4 47 BF C0 D8 62 3E 4E 0A C1 52 84 E 013F 5C 94 E1 6A 52 A2 08 21 17 8A 49 14 3F 7F 8E 2C 6F 0E 1E 66 2C E 0154 36 59 C1 61 B1 44 14 76 06 60 68 A0 EB 17 CB 04 2E AB 0D 59 2B E 0169 1F 14 F1 05 E3 A5 E2 D5 44 08 C3 62 7A C0 43 4F 56 6E 8A B2 A6 E 017E 0F 5A 4C C9 B2 B4 A5 8E 31 32 00 F2 18 41 FE FE 72 47 69 83 0A E 0193 C9 2F 91 20 B2 ED 76 17 F9 16 BE A7 6B E0 F5 E1 03 E3 9B 63 69 E 01A8 15 FD 20 A7 C7 67 C8 32 4A 5A 85 19 56 9D 42 8D 3D B1 9B 71 61 E 01BD CF 5C A5 5A 99 87 42 89 56 9E 6A 85 DF 24 5F DF F7 A3 4F 78 D3 E 01D2 A9 52 5A 81 22 BB 69 A6 3B 2B B1 71 F0 4E 93 2E B4 C2 F0 23 BD E 01E7 A4 11 1C 15 D4 01 63 2A 10 6B 38 FB A8 0D E8 1D 42 CC 6F 10 EA E 01FC 3F CE 69 5F A7 15 FB CB 71 5B FB 2C C8 84 1D D4 0C 8D 61 42 0E E 0211 7F B8 BC 5E EA 18 62 41 4C 9C 11 2A 83 1A FB 3E 0C 80 8E 22 0B E 0226 8C 83 9F 34 66 76 5D 8B CD E6 1D 44 C9 56 45 D4 02 68 07 1D BB E 023B C8 37 80 75 0E 38 29 8A D2 59 27 52 BC 44 83 C2 2C 30 A3 6F A1 E 0250 0B 49 62 9D 4B 6E FE 50 F2 E3 83 8B B9 B9 4F 4F 75 0A DD F8 3D E 0265 2F FC FD AD 02 31 D4 21 BE 2D 6C 68 34 2D E3 00 00 00 74 02 00 E 027A 00 33 75 8F 0D 20 01 08 50 4F 50 44 2E 43 4F 4D AD 5C 4D 00 00 E 028F 00 C4 5B 77 B1 A5 FE DD C5 06 1A 2E 8B 44 A0 4D 17 E4 8D 6E 8B E 02A4 59 89 21 30 48 14 07 68 11 2B A8 72 9A 24 EE D3 E7 74 E8 53 34 E 02B9 28 99 0F 03 48 D0 D4 18 31 6D EA 8C BE AA DA 28 E2 41 F1 D9 F1 E 02CE 61 A4 00 09 00 BE 38 4B 07 5D DB 35 ED 5C 0B D6 2E 5D B4 FF 50 E 02E3 73 9B 99 A9 C7 48 D7 F9 FC 5B 5E 35 00 AD 01 BB B5 33 CF DB 0E E 02F8 D3 F7 24 4E 10 3F 07 EA 2C 87 16 20 C0 90 EC 46 45 61 85 1D E6 E 030D E0 6D BE 5B 02 29 10 89 31 45 3A 20 AC 27 0B EB 11 3A 14 18 21 E 0322 13 DF 52 47 26 D8 DB 34 B9 A8 BE 79 D9 E9 23 3D A8 12 6A 51 EC E 0337 CE C5 EF F4 C8 C5 EF 1B 4F 1E A2 FD 51 D7 E4 59 68 CD 52 60 D0 E 034C 6A 64 CD F8 F4 75 69 91 D2 2E 87 AF 81 74 7B CB D1 35 41 E2 92 E 0361 76 6A F8 DE 6B 2F CD 69 5C DB 29 CE 4D 7F 7B AA 80 00 RCX 0273 W Q RETURN.BAT ========== @echo off rem Creates a batch file that restores current directory. rem Originally written by Vernon Frazee. if %1!==! goto Usage if %1!==/?! goto Usage for %%a in (s S r R) do if %1==/%%a goto %%a goto Usage :S ave directory echo @prompt CD $p$_$n: > %temp%curr_dir.bat %comspec% /c %temp%curr_dir > %temp%restdir.bat del %temp%curr_dir.bat goto End :R estore directory if exist %temp%restdir.bat goto L1 echo @echo There is no previously stored path.>%temp%restdir.bat :L1 call %temp%restdir del %temp%restdir.bat goto End :Usage echo. echo Usage: SAVEDIR /S or /R echo Saves current directory or restores last saved directory. echo /S Saves current directory and drive. echo /R Restores last saved directory and drive. :End Actually, give this a try. It requires no other package, and it not very disk intensive. I've named it RETURN.BAT and I call to it in my batch files. At the beginning of the file you use "RETURN SET", and at the end just "RETURN". It's pretty quick, too, as long as you do not launch it from a directory with hundreds of files. (You can speed it up by changing the "dir *" to "dir ###", as long you don't mind seeing the "No File Found" error message, or by directing the temporary files to a ram disk) RETURN2.BAT =========== @echo off if "%1"=="set" goto setdrive if "%1"=="SET" goto setdrive %olddrive%: cd %olddir% goto end :setdrive echo @echo off> volume.bat echo set olddrive=%%3>> volume.bat dir * | find "Volume in"> go.bat call go.bat :setdir echo @echo off> director.bat echo set olddir=%%2>> director.bat dir * | find "Directory"> go.bat call go.bat :clean if exist director.bat del director.bat if exist volume.bat del volume.bat if exist go.bat del go.bat goto end :end 4DOS has the ability to do this and it is built right in. Chapter 22: Make a log with the time and date ============================================= Okay, I want to make a batch file to create a "boot.log" file. My computer is always on, except for power failures. I wanted to make a line in the autoexec.bat something like this: TIME > TIME.TXT COPY BOOT.LOG+TIME.TXT BOOT.LOG Which should make the time enter line by line for each re-boot. But, the "enter new time" prompt makes this not work, because it waits for an <enter> from the keyboard to continue. Here is a program in QuickBasic that will do this. It will append the time and date to "BOOT.LOG" every time you run it. Here it is: INFO.BAS ======== DateText$ = "DATE: " 'You can change what's inside the TimeText$ = "TIME: " 'double quotes if you want..but make 'sure there's a space after it. Dag$ = DATE$ Tid$ = TIME$ Null$ = "" CLS OPEN "C:\BOOT.LOG" FOR APPEND AS #1 PRINT #1, DateText$; Dag$ PRINT #1, TimeText$; Tid$ PRINT #1, Null$ 'Make a blank line CLOSE #1 SYSTEM 'Return back to DOS when finished If you can't find anyone with QuickBasic 4.x that will compile this to an EXE for you, then you can run it through QBASIC that came with DOS. Add this line to your AUTOEXEC.BAT if you can't compile it to an EXE with QuickBasic 4.x... QBASIC /run INFO.BAS I do something similar with a telephone dialing and logging batch file. Here's how: ECHO. | TIME | FIND "Current" >> BOOT.LOG try: echo.|time > time.txt You might want to do the same thing with date first, since I assume you don't get a power failure every day and it will be hard to sort out the time entries unless you also know the date. Add the following lines to your AUTOEXEC.BAT Echo. | Date | Find "Current" >> BOOT.LOG Echo. | Time | Find "Current" >> BOOT.LOG Which should make the time enter line by line for each re-boot. But, the "enter new time" prompt makes this not work, because it waits for an <enter> from the keyboard to continue. And old trick is to use the VER command to provide the needed carriage return; e.g., VER|TIME > TIME.TXT You could also include a pipe to FIND to just get the time line and eliminate the new time line if you wanted to make it cleaner ver|time|find "current">>boot.log will append the time to your BOOT.LOG file. Each line will look similar to the following: Current time is 10:12:42.95a You could make this as fancy as you wish--I'd suggest that you grab the date and time as environment variables, which gives you as much flexibility as you need when creating the log text: GETDTVAR.BAT ============ @echo off rem GETDTVAR.BAT - Written 24 November 1993 Robert Clark rem Put current day, date, time into every LOGDAY, LOGDATE and LOGTIME rem Assumed that the TEMP evar ends in a terminal backslash. ver | date > %temp%gd.bat echo set logday=%%3 >current.bat echo set logdate=%%4 >>current.bat call %temp%gd ver | time>%temp%gd.bat echo set logtime=%%3 >current.bat call %temp%gd del %temp%gd.bat>nul del current.bat>nul Your AUTOEXEC.BAT would then look something like this: AUTOEXEC.BAT ============ ... call getdtvar echo PC booted on %logday% %logdate% at %logtime%>>boot.log ... And your BOOT.LOG entry would look like this: PC booted on Mon 07-18-1994 at 10:20:28.05a @ECHO OFF REM Records the date and time every time the PC is (re)booted REM in the hidden file LOGTRAIL.TXT. ECHO set currDate=%%3 %%4>CURRENT.BAT ECHO.|date >CURRENT2.BAT CALL CURRENT2 ECHO set currTime=%%3>CURRENT.BAT ECHO.|time >CURRENT2.BAT CALL CURRENT2 IF EXIST LOGTRAIL.TXT ATTRIB +h LOGTRAIL.TXT ECHO %currDate% %currTime%>>LOGTRAIL.TXT ATTRIB +h LOGTRAIL.TXT FOR %%v IN (currDate currTime) DO SET %%v= DEL CURRENT?.BAT ver|TIME|find /i/v "new" > time.txt With 4DOS this makes a nice 1 line entry, with COMMAND.COM it will be 2 lines. Chapter 23: Books, magazines and programs about batch files =========================================================== DOS 6 Power Tools PCMAGAZINE Lab Notes book batch files. DOS RESOURCE GUIDE > DOS WORLD Concise Guide to MS-DOS BATCH FILES Kris Jamsa Richardson, Ronny MS DOS Batch File Programming 4th. ed. Richardson, Ronny Dr. Batch Files Ultimate Collection Wolvorton, Van Supercharging MS DOS, Microsoft Press Chapter 24: Remove file comment =============================== Some people like to remove the file_id.diz for zipped files in a directory and add it as the comment to a zip file of the same name (in one batch file or call another batch file from it). FILE_ID.BAT =========== IF %2 == ZIP GOTO ZIP GOTO END :ZIP pkzip -z %1 <file_id.diz :END Chapter 25: FOR in batch files =============================== Let's look at a "FOR %%A IN (/%1)" construction. When a list item begins with a slash, it gets processed as two items. Thus in my tiny batch file : FOR %%A IN (/%1) DO ECHO %%A called as mybatch CCMAIL.SAM I will see echoed first: C then : CMAIL.SAM I want to test the first parameter of a batch file for the presence of a file extent, and I'm going to use the presence of a period as proof. So my batch file "really" wants to examine each character of the string until it finds a period - in the example above, I want to stop after the "L" and before the "S". The logic in the loop needs to be : If I've got a period, ok, else examine the remainder of the string. Using {{ FOR %%A IN (/%1) DO IF "%%A"=="." }} won't work, because if I'm looking at the first character (within the loop) I don't have access to the string remainder (in order to recurs with the string remainder). The technique breaks the string into "only" two parts. Here's a (relatively) short batch file that will parse the drive and path, filename, and extension. I found it a while ago, modified it a bit and promptly forgot about it. SPLITNAM.BAT ============ :: PURPOSE: To extract the path, filename and extension from a :: filespecification and store the result in the environment :: variables FDIR, FNAM and FEXT respectively. :: :: REQUIRES: MS_DOS v6.xx :: SYNTAX: SPLITNAM filespecification :: MS_DOS v3.3x :: LIMITATIONS: Filespecification must not exceed 29 characters. :: Did not find file path correctly :: Removed "." from FNAM & made FIND v3.3+ mods. :: @echo off for %%s in (fdir fnam fext) do set %%s= set x=%1 if "%x%"=="" goto error :parse string set y=%x% for %%s in (/%x%) do set x=%%s for %%i in (/%y%) do if "%%i%x%"=="%y%" set y=%%i :: MS_DOS v3.3x version echo %x%%y%|find "\">tmp copy tmp+,,>nul if not exist tmp if "%fext%"=="" if not %y%==. set fnam=%fnam%%y% if exist tmp if not %y%==. if "%fnam%"=="" set fdir=%fdir%%y% :: MS_DOS v6.xx version :: echo %x%%y%|find "\">nul :: if errorlevel 1 if "%fext%"=="" if not %y%==. set fnam=%fnam%%y% :: if not errorlevel 1 if not %y%==. if "%fnam%"=="" set fdir=%fdir%%y% if %y%==. set fext=%x% if %fext%!==! goto parse echo File path: "%fdir% echo File name: "%fnam% echo File extension: "%fext% :error message if "%x%"=="" echo Missing parameter or out of environment space! for %%s in (x y) do set %%s= If you run MS-DOS v6.xx, clip out the MS_DOS v3.3x section and uncomment the MS_DOS v6.xx code; you'll save a couple hundred milliseconds and your hard drive will thank you. TESTCHAR.BAT ============ REM TESTCHAR.BAT @ECHO OFF :: (Based on PcMagazine Nov 8 1994 p287) :: Given a string of characters as its only parameter :: Jump to 80Found if one of them matches a period. :: This batch file determines if a file extent was supplied! :: SET c=%2 IF "%2"=="" set c=. IF "%1"=="" GOTO 90ended IF "%1"=="%c%" GOTO 80found FOR %%a IN (/%1) DO IF NOT %%a==%1 CALL %0 %%a %c% GOTO 90ended :80found set x= goto 99exit :90ended set c= :99exit REM End of TESTCHAR.BAT I wanted to take a diskette with multiple .zip files, and be able to type "install", create a main directory on C:, then create subdirectories by the zip file names and unzip the files in each of their respective subdirectories. I ended up with help from someone in Miami, and with 2 batch files. Here's what I have: rocknroll.bat ("Install" file launched from A:) C: CD\ MD main A: for %%f in (*.zip) do call A:\mdbat.bat %%f mdbat.bat (2nd batch file) C: cd main md %1 A:\pkunzip a:\%1 C:\main\%1 These work perfect. There can be any .zip file on A: and it will create a subdirectory by that file name. The only confusing thing is the subdirectory has the zip file name. The tree would look like this: C:\main\test01.zip$All files unziped from test01.zip) | Directory Name A bit crude, but it works! @echo off mkdir c:\main for %x in (a:\*.zip) do mkdir c:\main\%x for %x in (a:\*.zip) do copy a:\%x c:\main\%x%\ for %x in (a:\*.zip) do c:\util\zippers\pkunzip -d c:\main\%x%\%x for %x in (a:\*.zip) do del c:\main\%x%\%x What I didn't explain is that I have over 1,000 .zip files. if [...] possible to write one batch file that will recognize the Zip file name, make a main directory, make a directory(s) by the zip file(s) name(s), and unzipp each file to it's respective directory. Create this 17-line batch file C:\MAIN\RUN.BAT and execute by typing RUN if not "%1" == "" goto sub echo. > c:ww1.bat :loop pause insert next floppy or ^C to terminate b: for %%r in (*.zip) do expr "call run %%r" : \(.*$.ZIP >> c:ww1.bat c: call ww1.bat del ww1.bat goto loop :sub mkdir c:\main\%1 cd c:\main\%1 copy b:%1.zip c: pkunzip -d %1 del c:\main\%1\%1.zip cd c:\main When entering the loop there is a pause for you to insert each new floppy. The Unix style utility EXPR is not part of DOS, so ftp it from simtel: ftp oak.oakland.edu /SimTel/msdos/calculat/ expr.zip 12380 901222 Unix-like command line expression evaluator expr_vi2.zip 4497 940918 Tiny Unix 'expr'-like integer expr evaluator Chapter 26: Ansi codes in batch file ==================================== Try changing colors with the ECHO command rather the PROMPT command. To that end I wrote a small batch file to try. In addition I used the DOS 6.0/6.2 CHOICE command to simplify things. NOTE: Replace the '$Esc' with an Escape character, Char 027. TESTMENU.BAT ============ :: TESTMENU.BAT @ echo off echo $Esc[0;34;47m cls echo Test Menu echo. echo 1 = Option 1 echo 2 = Option 2 echo 3 = Option 3 echo 4 = Option 4 echo X = Option 5 echo. choice /c:1234x /n Your choice? if errorlevel 5 goto 5 if errorlevel 4 goto 4 if errorlevel 3 goto 3 if errorlevel 2 goto 2 if errorlevel 1 goto 1 :1 echo $Esc[1;33;44m cls echo You selected Option 1 - Bright Yellow on Blue goto X :2 echo $Esc[1;37;44m cls echo You selected Option 2 - Bright White on Blue goto X :3 echo $Esc[1;36;44m cls echo You selected Option 3 - Bright Cyan on Blue goto X :4 echo $Esc[1;32;44m cls echo You selected Option 4 - Bright Green on Blue goto X :5 cls echo You selected Option 5 - No color change :X echo. Is it possible to make a batch file or DEBUG code to detect if ANSI.SYS is loaded into memory? Well, let us view the following: file 1 C:\batches\br.bat @Echo off cls set DOSSESION=OK C:\batches\bprmmen\bprmen.bat file 2 C:\batches\bprmmen\bprmen.bat @Echo off C:\ ^^^^ Replace with: C: cd\batches\bprmmen cls prompt $e[47;34m ^^^^^^^^^^^^^ When you say prompt, you are actually changing the DOS ENVIRONMENT, a less permanent way to do it is: Echo <esc>[47;34m ^^^ ASCII char #27 Echo Welcome to the BBC Backup and Restore Main Menu System. Echo. Echo You can: Echo. Echo 1. Go to the BBC Backup Menu System, Echo 2. Go to the BBC Restore Menu System, Echo 3. Set the current drive at C:, then exit this system, or Echo 4. Set the current drive at D:, then exit this system. Echo. Prompt *$h Enter the number of your choice.: if %DOSSESION%==OK goto dos goto end :dos if %DOSSESION%==OK set DOSSESION=NOTOK c:\dos\command.com :end Again we are misusing the prompt command. What we should do is have a command line controlled file. The problem is that are trying to use the PROMPT command for everything, from changing the DOS PROMPT, to changing the COLOR, to using it as a PROMPT for questions. Here are some ideas: Instead of using prompt $e try using echo <esc> it is much safer and runs faster. PC Magazine's BATCHMAN.COM has an option which can check to see if ANSI.SYS is loaded, January 30, 1990. And, of course, if you have 4DOS you can check the %_ansi built-in variable. If it returns 1 you've got ANSI. COLROCHT.BAT ============ @echo off echo `[0m`[2J`[30;47m`[K`[1;10HA N S I C o l o r C h a r t`[s echo `[u ■ Courtesy of Sleepy Hollow echo `[0m`[5CNote: An ESC character (not shown here)`[s echo `[u must precede the left bracket echo `[30;47m`[4;33H Normal Colors `[0m for %%x in (0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7) do echo `[5;%%x1H`[40;3%%xm [0;3%%x;40m for %%x in (0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7) do echo `[6;%%x1H`[41;3%%xm [0;3%%x;41m for %%x in (0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7) do echo `[7;%%x1H`[42;3%%xm [0;3%%x;42m for %%x in (0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7) do echo `[8;%%x1H`[43;3%%xm [0;3%%x;43m for %%x in (0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7) do echo `[9;%%x1H`[44;3%%xm [0;3%%x;44m for %%x in (0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7) do echo `[10;%%x1H`[45;3%%xm [0;3%%x;45m for %%x in (0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7) do echo `[11;%%x1H`[46;3%%xm [0;3%%x;46m for %%x in (0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7) do echo `[12;%%x1H`[47;3%%xm [0;3%%x;47m echo `[30;47m`[14;33H Bright Colors `[1m for %%x in (0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7) do echo `[15;%%x1H`[40;3%%xm [1;3%%x;40m for %%x in (0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7) do echo `[16;%%x1H`[41;3%%xm [1;3%%x;41m for %%x in (0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7) do echo `[17;%%x1H`[42;3%%xm [1;3%%x;42m for %%x in (0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7) do echo `[18;%%x1H`[43;3%%xm [1;3%%x;43m for %%x in (0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7) do echo `[19;%%x1H`[44;3%%xm [1;3%%x;44m for %%x in (0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7) do echo `[20;%%x1H`[45;3%%xm [1;3%%x;45m for %%x in (0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7) do echo `[21;%%x1H`[46;3%%xm [1;3%%x;46m for %%x in (0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7) do echo `[22;%%x1H`[47;3%%xm [1;3%%x;47m echo `[22H`[0;37;40m pause>nul The "for in" batch file syntax is a little hairy at first - it's an optimization. Let's translate one line for you: for %%x in (0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7) do echo `[5;%%x1H`[40;3%%xm [0;3%%x;40m .... in long format ...: echo `[5;01H`[40;30m [0;30;40m echo `[5;11H`[40;31m [0;31;40m echo `[5;21H`[40;32m [0;32;40m echo `[5;31H`[40;33m [0;33;40m echo `[5;41H`[40;34m [0;34;40m echo `[5;51H`[40;35m [0;35;40m echo `[5;61H`[40;36m [0;36;40m echo `[5;71H`[40;37m [0;37;40m ^ ^ ^ | | | Formerly: %%x %%x %%x See? For each "%%x" in the statement "`[5;%%x1H`[40;3%%xm [0;3%%x;40m" we've replaced the "%%x" with the value "in" (0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7). This is what happens during run time of the batch file. You can see how much longer this post would have been if each line was expanded this way! One last note: You should replace all the " ` " characters with the escape character (ASCII 27) before running. With a good editor (like QEdit) this can be accomplished in a single "find & replace" command. Is it possible to make a batch file or DEBUG code to detect if ANSI.SYS is loaded into memory? I think you can. You may use... CHKANSI.BAT =========== MEM/C > TEMP.TMP FIND "ANSI" TEMP.TMP More info and examples on this can be found in this chapter in a new version of the book. For a little more flexible method try this : @echo off mem /m ansi|find "not currently" /i > nul if errorlevel 1 goto ansi loaded :noansi echo ANSI.SYS is not loaded. rem {you can also add any code you want executed rem to accommodate ANSI not being loaded} goto quit :ansiloaded echo ANSI.SYS is loaded. rem --the rest of your batch file-- :quit Sometime ago I needed a small Util that will restore the normal ANSI settings to my computer after a program. How about the one that is built in with DOS? MODE CO80 seems to do wonders for me...Except, it doesn't work in all cases. So, there are other solutions. Here is a script for a small utility that may help. CLEAR.SCR ========= n clear.com e 0100 B4 12 B3 10 CD 10 B8 40 00 8E D8 B8 00 06 B7 1F e 0110 29 C9 B6 18 80 FB 10 74 04 8A 36 84 00 8A 16 4A e 0120 00 FE CA CD 10 B4 02 8A 3E 62 00 29 D2 CD 10 C3 rcx 0030 w q :: Clears screen to bright white on blue. :: ANSI.SYS not required. To create CLEAR.COM type the script in your favourite editor and save it as CLEAR.SCR. Then at the DOS prompt type: DEBUG < CLEAR.SCR and press Enter. Note: The blank line after "q" is necessary. If you wish, you can change the colors. To do so choose your hex color code, nn, from the list. For example, the default color scheme is 1F, blue background and bright white text. Color Background Foreground ----- ---------- ---------- Black 0 0 Blue 1 1 Green 2 2 Cyan 3 3 Red 4 4 Magenta 5 6 White 7 7 Gray - 8 Bright Blue - 9 Bright Green - A Bright Cyan - B Bright Red - C Bright Magenta - D Yellow - E Bright White - F Then in the directory where CLEAR.COM is stored enter: DEBUG CLEAR.COM E 010F nn W Q Is it possible to display (Echo) the date and time in a batch file without having respond to it? Such as in a heading line, etc.. Is there a function to do this? You might be interested in this nayways. Add ANSI.SYS to your config.sys (if it's not already there), and use this for your prompt: Set Prompt=$e[s$e[1;1H$e[K$e[34;40;1m$e[32mToday is $e[35m$d $e[32m& the time is $e[35m$t$h$h$h$h$h$h$e[32m.$e[34m$e[u$e[37m$p$g All of this goes on one line, and you have to put it in your config.sys, and take the PROMPT command out of your autoexec.bat. It will display a header containing the date and time whenever you're at the DOS prompt. Chapter 27: About errorlevel ============================ I'm using a simple key reading program to get Y or N and return an errorlevel. For example: @echo off echo Choose Y or N batchman getkey "YN" if errorlevel 1 echo YES if errorlevel 2 echo NO pause I know the right errorlevel values are returned but if "N" is pressed YES and NO are both echo'd. How come? Because "IF ERRORLEVEL 1" means "if the return code is 1 or higher". If your return code is 2, then both of the above lines are true, since 2 is greater than or equal to both 1 and 2. So both ECHO YES and ECHO NO are executed. What you want to do is use a GOTO command to make DOS execute only the lines you want to execute. Something like: IF ERRORLEVEL 2 GOTO TWO IF ERRORLEVEL 1 GOTO ONE GOTO ZERO :TWO ECHO NO GOTO END :ONE ECHO YES GOTO END :ZERO WHATEVER :END Always, always, always remember that in a situation like this, you must test for the higher return codes first. If you put IF ERRORLEVEL 1 GOTO ONE first, then the batch file would ALWAYS "GOTO ONE" since the return code is ALWAYS (unless your program does return a 0 under some conditions) 1 or higher, so that command would ALWAYS be interpreted as "true". DOS would never even see an IF ERRORLEVEL 2 command if it came after the IF ERRORLEVEL 1 command. You need to always write those tests for errorlevel descending. if errorlevel 2 echo YES if errorlevel 1 echo NO Errorlevels need to be checked from high to low not vice versa. An errorlevel number is really equal to or greater than the number shown. Also, you need to do something that will skip the next errorlevel check by using a goto label command on the error level line. Your file should read something like this: if errorlevel 2 goto two if errorlevel 1 goto one :two echo NO goto end :one echo YES goto end :end pause A bad copy doesn't change the errorlevel in 6.22. COPY is an internal command and as such does not return any kind of errorlevel (and never has). Note that 4DOS does provide a way to test the errorlevel of an internal command (while this may not be useful to you, it may keep someone else from telling me that 4DOS is better than sliced bread). XCOPY does return an errorlevel (see the DOS HELP on XCOPY for its errorlevels and what they mean). Chapter 28: Rebooting from a batch file ======================================= A DOS statement that can be typed at the prompt (or put into a batch file) that will re-boot the system: echo G=FFFF:0 | debug > nul Method 1: echo HPS >%temp%reboot.com %temp%reboot Note that the " " character is ASCII 203. In order to avoid having multiple copies of REBOOT.COM lying around, I suggest that the TEMP evar be set to a RAMDisk (preferably) or at least to a junk directory. Use this method if you're not certain that REBOOT.COM already exists in the current directory or path. If anyone's interested, here's the disassembly of the "HPS " string: xxxx:0100 48 DEC AX ; AX=FFFF "H" xxxx:0101 50 PUSH AX ; Save FFFF to stack "P" xxxx:0102 53 PUSH BX ; Save 0000 to stack "S" xxxx:0103 CB RETF ; RETF pops two bytes " " ; from stack and resumes ; execution at that address. ; So, this RETF passes control ; to FFFF:0000, which initiates ; a reboot. Method 2: echo g=ffff:0|debug Pretty much the same thing, but eliminates a lot of the overhead. Note that the only thing written to disk will be the temp file created from the pipe. There will be no .COM file created. DEBUG.EXE must be in the path or current directory. Again, if you have a TEMP evar set, the temp file will be written to that directory rather than to the current one. The nice thing about this method is that you don't need to create or use an external REBOOT.COM utility. Method 3: reboot Yet another variation on a theme. This particular REBOOT.COM will always perform a warm boot. By changing the word at offset 0109 to 0000, you can force a cold boot. Use the following DEBUG script to create REBOOT.COM, which you should then place in your path: REBOOT.SCR ========== n reboot.com a100 mov dx,0040 ; Set up 40:072 then jump to boot mov ds,dx mov word ptr [0072],1234 ; Use 1234h for warm boot; 0000h for cold jmp ffff:0 ; Jump to boot routine rcx 10 w q Note that several shareware BATch enhancement utilities such as GET or BATCHMAN provide command line switches that allow you to reboot a computer under BATch file control. None of the reboot methods I've outlined will protect you from a staged write disk cache--to be truly robust, these programs would have to flush the cache before proceeding. Better to do that yourself _before_ executing REBOOT.COM. For SmartDrv, the syntax to flush the cache is SMARTDRV /C. You might try the following: 1) Exit from all your programs (nothing running in the background) 2) Make sure your disk cache has dumped everything to disk. If you are using smartdrv the command is smartdrv /c 3) Then typing: echo g=ffff:0000|debug will cause most PC's to do a COLD boot (restart with POST). If that didn't work on your particular PC, change "3)" above to: ECHO HPS[Alt-203]>COLDBOOT.COM COLDBOOT Note: The "[Alt-203]" means while holding down the [Alt] key type 203 on the keys on the numeric keypad (not the keys at the top of the keyboard), and then release the [Alt] key. Doing so will produce ASCII character 203 which looks like a little double-line "T" character. Suppose I'd like to set up a multi-boot disk. Suppose I want it to regularly boot up with my normal setup. However, every now and then, I like to play some games that need more memory, so I have a separate boot disk for them. I'd like to be able to hold a key down or something and get my "game" boot up. NORMAL AUTOEXEC.BAT: ==================== @ECHO OFF LH /L:0;1,45504 /S C:\DOS\SMARTDRV.EXE /V LH /L:1,16560 c:\misc\mouse LH /L:1,3952 C:\MISC\S64DDPMS b9 s10 o15 LH /L:1,24096 MODE LPT1:,,B LH /L:1,85536 C:\EXPLORER.4L\status\stat4l LH /L:1,25920 STACKEY /B225/ PROMPT $e[1;33;44m(%%@dosmem[k]k) $p$g Path C:\;C:\DOS;C:\WINDOWS;C:\XTGOLD;C:\MISC;C:\EXPLORER.4L;C:\TM cd\ cls SET TEMP=C:\TEMP SET TMP=C:\TEMP GAME AUTOEXEC.BAT: ================== @ECHO OFF PROMPT (boot disk) $P$G PATH C:\;C:\DOS;C:\WINDOWS;C:\XTGOLD;C:\MISC;C:\TM LH /L:0;1,45472 /S C:\DOS\SMARTDRV /V LH /L:1,16560 C:\MISC\MOUSE SET TEMP = C:\TEMP NORMAL CONFIG.SYS ================= DEVICE=C:\DOS\HIMEM.SYS DEVICE=C:\DOS\EMM386.EXE NOEMS NOMOVEXBDA BUFFERS=4 FILES=60 DOS=UMB LASTDRIVE=D FCBS=4,0 DEVICEHIGH C:\DOS\ANSI.SYS DEVICEHIGH C:\SCANW\M1904.SYS D3 I5 A2AB S7 STACKS=9,256 DOS=HIGH SHELL=C:\4DOS.COM /P GAME CONFIG.SYS =============== DEVICE=C:\DOS\HIMEM.SYS DEVICE=C:\DOS\EMM386.EXE 6144 RAM FRAME=E000 I=CC00-EFFF BUFFERS=4,0 FILES=60 DOS=UMB LASTDRIVE=E FCBS=4,0 DOS=HIGH STACKS = 9,256 SHELL=A:\4DOS.COM /P Use Configuration Blocks in your config.sys & autoexec.bat. This was new in DOS 6.0 and is well described in the User manual/ Upgrade book. In the DOS 6.20 on-line Help scheme, it is partially described under the Include command. I use a scheme I started years ago: I have a directory with sets of config.sys & autoexec.bat files and a reboot.bat file that selects a set, renames & copies the files into the C: root as config.sys & autoexec.bat, and then reboots the system. CONFIG.SYS .... [menu] menuitem normal,NORMAL SYSTEM CONFIGURATION menuitem games,GAMES SYSTEM CONFIGURATION ; you can set the menu colors to what ever you like ; 0 - 15 for foreground colors ; 0 - 7 for background colors ; I'll use bright white (15) on blue (1) for menu colors menucolor 15,1 ; set this time-out and default as you like ; I'll pause for 10 seconds then boot normal if no key is pressed menudefault normal 10 [normal] DEVICE=C:\DOS\HIMEM.SYS DEVICE=C:\DOS\EMM386.EXE NOEMS NOMOVEXBDA BUFFERS=4 FILES=60 DOS=UMB LASTDRIVE=D FCBS=4,0 DEVICEHIGH C:\DOS\ANSI.SYS DEVICEHIGH C:\SCANW\M1904.SYS D3 I5 A2AB S7 STACKS=9,256 DOS=HIGH SHELL=C:\4DOS.COM /P [games] DEVICE=C:\DOS\HIMEM.SYS DEVICE=C:\DOS\EMM386.EXE 6144 RAM FRAME=E000 I=CC00-EFFF BUFFERS=4,0 FILES=60 DOS=UMB LASTDRIVE=E FCBS=4,0 DOS=HIGH STACKS = 9,256 SHELL=A:\4DOS.COM /P Note that in config.sys a line beginning with a semicolon is a remark line. And AUTOEXEC.BAT.... @ECHO OFF IF %config%==normal GOTO normal IF %config%==games GOTO games :normal LH /L:0;1,45504 /S C:\DOS\SMARTDRV.EXE /V LH /L:1,16560 c:\misc\mouse LH /L:1,3952 C:\MISC\S64DDPMS b9 s10 o15 LH /L:1,24096 MODE LPT1:,,B LH /L:1,85536 C:\EXPLORER.4L\status\stat4l LH /L:1,25920 STACKEY /B225/ PROMPT $e[1;33;44m(%%@dosmem[k]k) $p$g Path C:\;C:\DOS;C:\WINDOWS;C:\XTGOLD;C:\MISC;C:\EXPLORER.4L;C:\TM cd\ cls SET TEMP=C:\TEMP SET TMP=C:\TEMP goto end :games DEVICE=C:\DOS\HIMEM.SYS DEVICE=C:\DOS\EMM386.EXE 6144 RAM FRAME=E000 I=CC00-EFFF BUFFERS=4,0 FILES=60 DOS=UMB LASTDRIVE=E FCBS=4,0 DOS=HIGH STACKS = 9,256 SHELL=A:\4DOS.COM /P :end (if you are not familiar with labels...) Note the goto end at the end of the normal autoexec.bat section. and the :end label at the end. If you add more boot setups, you need to have a goto end after each one (except the last) to jump over the ones you don't want. CONFIG.SYS: [Menu] menuitem=Normal, Normal setup menuitem=Game, Game setup menudefault=Normal,10 [Normal] DEVICE=C:\DOS\HIMEM.SYS DEVICE=C:\DOS\EMM386.EXE NOEMS NOMOVEXBDA [Game] DEVICE=C:\DOS\HIMEM.SYS DEVICE=C:\DOS\EMM386.EXE 6144 RAM FRAME=E000 I=CC00-EFFF [Common] BUFFERS=4,0 FILES=60 DOS=UMB LASTDRIVE=E FCBS=4,0 DOS=HIGH STACKS = 9,256 SHELL=A:\4DOS.COM /P (end of CONFIG.SYS) AUTOEXEC.BAT: if "%CONFIG%" == "GAME" goto Game @ECHO OFF LH /L:0;1,45504 /S C:\DOS\SMARTDRV.EXE /V LH /L:1,16560 c:\misc\mouse LH /L:1,3952 C:\MISC\S64DDPMS b9 s10 o15 LH /L:1,24096 MODE LPT1:,,B LH /L:1,85536 C:\EXPLORER.4L\status\stat4l LH /L:1,25920 STACKEY /B225/ PROMPT $e[1;33;44m(%%@dosmem[k]k) $p$g Path C:\;C:\DOS;C:\WINDOWS;C:\XTGOLD;C:\MISC;C:\EXPLORER.4L;C:\TM cd\ cls SET TEMP=C:\TEMP SET TMP=C:\TEMP goto End :Game @ECHO OFF PROMPT (boot disk) $P$G PATH C:\;C:\DOS;C:\WINDOWS;C:\XTGOLD;C:\MISC;C:\TM LH /L:0;1,45472 /S C:\DOS\SMARTDRV /V LH /L:1,16560 C:\MISC\MOUSE SET TEMP = C:\TEMP :End (end of AUTOEXEC.BAT) Chapter 29: How to execute a batch file on a certain weekday? ============================================================= Let's say you need to defrag and backup your hard drive ever 3 days to 7 days... is there something that'll run as either a TSR or a a nightly event which will keep track how many days it's been since it last ran the defragger and backup and either end itself, or running the programs and then end every third day. Here is a batch solution since this was setup for my system make sure that you check the path pointers. c:\bin, and c:\temp. Just change these directories to directories that you use. You will also need to create a separate batch file for each day of the week. SUN.BAT, MON.BAT, TUE.BAT etc.. If you have dos6? you can use "command /y /c" and watch this work. CHECKDAT.BAT ============ @echo off :: this file checks the system date and can be used in other batch :: files. This file must be called from from autoexec.bat. :: ONCEDAY.BAT needs to find this file. echo.|date>C:\bin\currdat.txt if not exist c:\bin\lastdat.txt goto NEWDAY fc c:\bin\currdat.txt c:\bin\lastdat.txt|find /i "no">nul if errorlevel 1 goto NEWDAY if errorlevel 0 goto SAMEDAY :NEWDAY copy c:\bin\currdat.txt c:\bin\lastdat.txt>nul CALL ONCEDAY.BAT :SAMEDAY DEL C:\BIN\CURRDAT.TXT ONCEDAY.BAT =========== @echo off :: CHECKDAT.BAT must be called from autoexec.bat :: the next 4 lines can be used to run an event once a week :NOTTODAY :: put ONCEDAY commands here call c:bin\dow.bat DOW.BAT ======= @echo off :: This is DOW.BAT C: cd\ VER|DATE|FIND "Current" > C:\TEMP\TEMP.BAT ECHO SET DAYNOW=%%3 > C:\TEMP\CURRENT.BAT ECHO SET DATENOW=%%4 >> C:\TEMP\CURRENT.BAT CD\TEMP CALL TEMP CD\bin call %DAYNOW% Chapter 30: Y/N in batch files =============================== NO CHOICE Batch File Tip The addition of the CHOICE command to MS-DOS 6 makes it easy to obtain a Y or N response from the user. Here is a way to do it if you don't have DOS 6, or you want to create a stand- alone batch file that works with earlier DOS versions. Y&N.BAT ======= @ECHO off :: Get Y/N response using DOS 5 or less. REM> $.tmp ECHO Question [Y/N]? DEL $.tmp /p>nul IF NOT EXIST $.tmp GOTO yes DEL $.tmp GOTO no :no ECHO Response was "n" or "N". GOTO end :yes ECHO Response was "y" or "Y". ::GOTO end :end So, how does it work? It's actually fairly simple. Line 3 creates $.tmp, a 0-byte file in the current directory. Using the DELete command with /p in line 5 causes DOS issue a Y/N prompt which is not seen because it is redirected to nul. The batch file then branches according to the users response by testing in line 6 for the existence of the temporary file. (The line numbers are for reference only and are not to be included when entering this batch file into your computer.) For comparison, here is an equivalent file written using the DOS 6 CHOICE command. @ECHO off :: Get Y/N response using DOS 6 CHOICE command. CHOICE "question " :: N=2 Y=1 IF ERRORLEVEL 2 GOTO no IF ERRORLEVEL 1 GOTO yes :no ECHO Response was "n" or "N". GOTO end :yes ECHO Response was "y" or "Y". ::GOTO end :end But it will only work with DOS 4.0 and later, since the DEL command didn't have a /P switch before that. A variant of that will work back to DOS 2.0 (before that, too bad!) is to do something like: md yntstdir cd yntstdir rem > $.tmp echo question [Y/N] del *.* > nul if exist $.tmp goto no cd .. rd yntstdir ::do whatever for a Y response goto end :no del $.tmp > nul cd .. rd yntstdir ::do whatever for a N response :end Same idea. Not as elegant (if batch programming like this can be called elegant) but whatever it works... I took the beep out of CHOICE.COM. Inside there is a notice that CHOICE requires MS-DOS version 4.0 or later. Maybe the best bet for 4.0 users is to get a copy of CHOICE. Chapter 31: Remap keys ====================== There is a way to remap keys, but it's almost certain that the remapping will have no effect on your program. I have several of my keys remapped in DOS, but I've only seen one program that responded to the new key functions. In fact, I was not happy to find that it did so, as the functions were DOS commands. Perhaps you could find a TSR to do it for you. If you want to try it anyway, here's how to do it. There are several ways to accomplish your desired task. Most publicized and IMHO least desirable is by using the PROMPT command as follows. This will remap SHIFT-F10 as the command "EXIT". The $E in the following command represents the escape character. In your AUTOEXEC.BAT or a called batch file type: ECHO ON PROMPT $E[0;93;"EXIT";13p @ECHO OFF Using an editor that will generate the escape character, you can do that a little more efficiently by simply typing the following. I will also explain the parts here. ECHO `[0;93;"EXIT";13p | | | | | | | | | |---- Command code that makes this a keyboard | | | | redefinition. | | | |------ The ENTER key. | | |----------- This text + the ENTER code make up the new key | | definition. The quotes will not appear | | when you press the key. | |----------------- The key being redefined. |-------------------- The escape character. I used the ` for the escape character because I want to be able to post this on nets that don't allow special characters. I will continue to do this. The actual character is a left pointing arrow. To generate the escape character in DOS EDIT and in many if not most other editors, press CTRL-P and then ESC. Another way to get it is to hold down the ALT key and type in 27 on the numeric keypad. My favorite way to do keyboard redefinition is to put the definitions in a separate file and use the TYPE command to evoke them. That way, you are not cluttering up your batch files with cryptic commands, and you stand less of a chance of accidentally damaging one of the codes while editing your batch files. Here is my KEYCODE.FIL. --------------------------------------------------------------------- Redefining function keys. SHIFT-F1 = CLS `[0;84;"CLS";13p SHIFT-F2 = DELTEMP `[0;85;"DELTEMP";13p SHIFT-F4 = XTREE `[0;87;"XTREE";13p SHIFT-F5 = DIR `[0;88;"DIR";13p SHIFT-F6 = DIR E:\DLOAD `[0;89;"DIR E:\DLOAD";13p SHIFT-F7 = DIR A: `[0;90;"DIR A:";13p SHIFT-F8 = DIR B: `[0;91;"DIR B:";13p SHIFT-F9 = MENU `[0;92;"MENU";13p SHIFT-F10 = EXIT `[0;93;"EXIT";13p F11 = PICKUP `[0;133;"PICKUP";13p F12 = HANGUP `[0;134;"HANGUP";13p --------------------------------------------------------------------- Above I have put text strings in for the new definitions, but you could put other keys in as well. If you're running dos earlier than 6.0, you'll have to look in your DOS manual for the ANSI sequences you need. With 6.x, you have to go into the help under ANSI.SYS. Make sure the line, "DEVICE=C:\DOS\ANSI.SYS" is in your CONFIG.SYS file. This assumes that your DOS files, including ANSI.SYS, are in the C:\DOS directory. If you want to remap the 0/Ins key (on the numbers pad) to act as "I" you also want to remap the Numbers pad Enter key to act as PgDn. Or maybe you only want to do this for one program. Uh, one problem -- on the PC, there is no difference in the scan codes for the keypad <ENTER> and the normal <ENTER>. Ditto with the <INS> key. But, ignoring that, here's the batch file -- and it will ONLY work if you have ANSI.SYS being loaded via your CONFIG.SYS file, and NumLock is ON. _______________________________________________________________ @ECHO OFF ; Suppress the echo of commands SET OLDPRMT=%PROMPT% ; Save the current DOS prompt PROMPT=$e[;48;"I"p ; Use DOS prompt to re-assign key ECHO ON ; Display the prompt ECHO OFF ; Turn the prompt back off PROMPT=$e[;13;0;81p ; 0;81 is the scan code for <PgDn> ECHO ON ; Display the prompt ECHO OFF ; Turn the prompt back off RUNFILE.EXE ; Run the program PROMPT=$e[;73;48p ; Use DOS prompt to retore key ECHO ON ; Display the prompt ECHO OFF ; Turn the prompt back off PROMPT=$e[0;81;13p ; Restore other key ECHO ON ; Display the prompt ECHO OFF ; Turn the prompt back off PROMPT=%OLDPRMT% ; Restore the DOS prompt SET OLDPRMT= ; Remove OLDPRMT from memory _______________________________________________________________ I believe this will work. As a manner of practice have ANSI.SYS loaded. Also, it may not work as most program read the keyboard directly, bypassing ANSI.SYS. Chapter 33: Detecting DblSpace drive ==================================== The following information is provided for whomever asked, though I don't remember who it was. How to Detect a DoubleSpace Drive from a Batch File The information applies to: - Microsoft MS-DOS operating system version 6.0 SUMMARY ======= MS-DOS batch files cannot distinguish between compressed drives and uncompressed drives. However, you can use the MS-DOS Debug utility to create a program that sets an errorlevel depending on whether a drive is compressed with DoubleSpace. An MS-DOS batch file can then test this errorlevel to determine whether the drive is a DoubleSpace- compressed drive. NOTE: Microsoft Product Support Services does not provide support for writing the Debug script or batch file discussed in this article, or troubleshoot problems related to compiling, running or using this program or batch file. For more information on DoubleSpace programming, see the Microsoft Application Note "MS-DOS DoubleSpace Compressed Volume File (CVF) Format" (PD0836). This Application Note can be found in the Software/Data Library by searching on the word PD0836 or S14196. PD0836 was archived using the PKware file-compression utility. You can also obtain this Application Note by calling Microsoft Product Support Services at (206) 454-2030. MORE INFORMATION ================ This following is an example of how to use the MS-DOS Debug utility to create a program file called ISDBL.COM. ISDBL.COM determines the following: - Whether DoubleSpace is loaded in memory -and- - Whether a specified drive is a DoubleSpace-compressed drive ISDBL.COM returns the following errorlevels: Results Errorlevel ------------------------------------------ DoubleSpace compressed drive 1 DBLSPACE.BIN is not loaded 0 Invalid drive 0 Other errors 0 NOTE: ISDBL.COM tests the current drive if no drive is specified on the command line. Creating ISDBL.COM ------------------ ISDBL.COM is created using a Debug script file, which contains all the commands you would enter from within DEBUG to create ISDBL.COM. To create ISDBL.COM, follow these steps exactly: 1. Create a text file called C:\ISDBL.SCR using a text editor (such as Windows Notepad; MS-DOS Editor or Qedit). This is the Debug script file. C:\ISDBL.SCR should contain the following lines exactly as they appear, including the blank line after the INT 21 line and before the RCX line. NOTE: Press the ENTER key at the end of each line below. ISDBL.SCR ========= A 100 MOV AX,2901 MOV SI,81 MOV DI,012D INT 21 MOV DL,[012D] DEC DL JGE 0119 MOV AH,19 INT 21 MOV DL,AL MOV AX,4A11 MOV BX,1 INT 2F MOV AX,4C00 AND BL,80 JZ 012B INC AL INT 21 RCX AE N ISDBL.COM W Q NOTE: You MUST press the ENTER key twice after the last "INT 21" line and once after the "Q" at the end of the Debug script. 2. From the MS-DOS command prompt on drive C, enter the following command to create the ISDBL.COM program: DEBUG < ISDBL.SCR Debug reads and follows the instructions in the ISDBL.SCR file. It is recommended that you do not use this command from within Windows or when other programs are running. If ISDBL.SCR contains an error, Debug probably is not told when to quit; therefore, you will have to restart your system. Debug may even be instructed to cause your system to stop responding (hang). If this happens, restart your system and examine ISDBL.SCR for accuracy. If there are no errors in ISDBL.SCR, a few screens of information are displayed, ending with <nnnn>:012B INT 21 <nnnn>:012D -RCX CX 0000 :AE -N ISDBL.COM -W Writing 000AE bytes -Q where <nnnn> is a combination of letters and numbers, the exact combination of which varies. The remaining information should be exactly as above if ISDBL.COM was compiled correctly. Debug places the ISDBL.COM file in the current directory, which in the example above is C:\. It should be 174 bytes in size. Using ISDBL.COM --------------- You can now run the ISDBL.COM program from within a batch file to get information about a specific drive. Below is an example batch file: DBLTEST.BAT =========== @ECHO OFF REM This batch file uses ISDB.COM to test a drive to see if it REM was compressed with DoubleSpace. REM REM DBLTEST.BAT assumes that ISDBL.COM in in the current REM directory or a directory on the MS-DOS Path. REM REM The syntax for running this batch file is: REM DBLTEST <drive>: REM REM where <drive>: is the name of the drive to test, for example C: REM If no drive is specified, the current drive is tested. REM ISDBL %1 IF NOT ERRORLEVEL 1 GOTO FAILURE ECHO The drive %1 is a DoubleSpace compressed drive. GOTO END :FAILURE ECHO The drive %1 is not a DoubleSpace compressed drive. :END How ISDBL Works --------------- In determining whether the drive is compressed, ISDBL assumes that DoubleSpace is running. ISDBL checks the specified drive by using Interrupt 2F, function 4A11. This function is the DSGetDriveMapping application programming interface (API) call for DoubleSpace. If the drive is compressed, then Bit 7 of BL will be set. Otherwise, it is zero. This result is simply returned at the end of ISDBL. REFERENCES ========== "MS-DOS DoubleSpace Compressed Volume File (CVF) Format," Application Note PD0836 Chapter 34: How to ADD a path to the existing path? =================================================== Sometimes you need to be able to add a path to an already existing path. You tried the following, but it didn't work: rem existing path path=c:\dos rem path to be appended path=c:\wp;%path%; Now, are you doing anything wrong? You tried to append the path on the command line. Variable substitution does not work at the command line. You need to create and use your own XPATH.BAT file as: PATH=%PATH%;%1 Unfortunately, Command.Com is too brain-dead to understand things like %path% on the command line. You'll need to write a short batch file to do what you want under DOS 5, or else upgrade to 4DOS or NDOS. Try: set path=d:\newpath;%PATH% Notice that from the command line you must use "set" to change the environment. I believe this is dependent of which dos version you are running. However, I think PATH=%PATH%;%1 should work with any new dos versions. Adding to, and deleting from the path, with error checking, is explained in 116907 Jan 30 22:59 ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/ts/tsbat46a.zip tsbat46a.zip A collection of useful batch files and tricks. Chapter 35: Numlock on ====================== DOS 6.nnn & many CMOS's allow you to set numlock. This one lets you change at command line or in any batch file. Syntax: "numlock +" turns it on "numlock -" turns it off Excluding start and end lines, copy the following into a file called numlock.scr, run it through debug. "debug < numlock.scr" NUMLOCK.SCR =========== A 0100 CLD MOV SI,0081 MOV AX,0040 MOV ES,AX LODSB CMP AL,20 JZ 0109 CMP AL,0D JZ 0127 CMP AL,2B JNZ 011D ES: OR BYTE PTR [0017],20 RET CMP AL,2D JNZ 0127 ES: AND BYTE PTR [0017],DF RET N NUMLOCK.COM RCX 28 W Q Chapter 36: Changing the date during execution ============================================== HOKUS.BAT ========= @ECHO OFF REM This is a program that changes the date during execution IF NOT .%3==%3. GOTO DEL2 IF NOT .%2==%2. GOTO OK CLS ECHO-------------FAILURE!--------------- ECHO SYNTAX IS: HOKUS PROGRAM DD-MM-YY GOTO END :OK SET PROGRAM=%1 SET TESTDATE=%2 REM THE NEW FILE HOKUS.JBT HAS CURRENT DATE REM AND THE FILENAME WILL BE USED TO START REM THIS .BAT-FILE FOR THE SECOND TIME DIR > HOKUS.JBT REM FIND MUST BE IN PATH REM 4 SPACE BETWEEN HOKUS AND JBT DIR HOKUS.JBT|FIND "HOKUS JBT">POKUS.BAT POKUS :PART2 DELETE TEMPORARY FILES DEL HOKUS.JBT DEL POKUS.BAT REM %3 WE SAVE IT FOR SYSTEMINFORMATION SET DATE=%3 REM NOW THE TEST DATE DATE %TESTDATE% %PROGRAM% REM THIS IS WHERE YOU RESTORE CURRENT DATE DATE %DATE% SET DATE= SET TESTDATE= SET PROGRAM= :END HOKUS.BAT is a very complicated batch program. It's created exclusively for programmers and others that need to manipulate the date before they execute a program. If you are making a demo with a time limit, you can get help from HOKUS.BAT to test the program on different dates. But of course HOKUS.BAT is a program that you also can use in the opposite way - to make the life of a demo longer. If you write the following: HOKUS ENLARGE.BAT 02-02-95, the program ENLARGE.BAT will act as the date is february the second 1995. When HOKUS has finished, the date will be the same as when you started. During the execution HOKUS.BAT has created and deleted POKUS.BAT and HOKUS.JBT. Notice that during the process you have done nothing to get the current date. You have changed the date during the the performance, but you have written only one date. ENLARGE.BAT =========== @ECHO OFF SET PATH=%PATH%;%1 Chapter 37: Undocumented commands ================================= VER with the switch /r produces MS-DOS version 6.20 Revision A DOS is in HMA Chapter 38: Ctrl-c/break ======================== I'had written a little password protection batch file to prevent unauthorized access. This in itself is pretty useless unless the CTRL+C/BREAK is disabled/redefined, at least temporarily until access is granted, when they should be reactivated. So I was looking for something along the lines of DOS batch (ie,redefinition of keys), or a small assembler program using debug to disable and then enable CTRL-BREAK. The break command will only determine how often/when the system will check for the CTRL-BREAK sequence, but will not disable its use. BREAK=OFF is the default. DOS always has BREAK turned off unless you TURN IT ON first. Besides that, BREAK does not turn break checking on and off. It turns EXTENDED break checking on and off. With extended break checking on, DOS checks for break each time a DOS call is made. With extended break checking off, DOS checks for break each time it writes anything to the screen or a COM port, or reads anything from the keyboard or a COM port. Turning extended break checking off does not even come close to preventing DOS from checking for break. It just makes DOS do so less often than when extended break checking is on. BREAK Sets or clears extended CTRL+C checking n activity (file sorting, for example). Typically, MS-DOS checks for CTRL+C only to other functions, such as disk read and write operations. Syntax BREAK [O ing syntax: BREAK=ON|OFF Parameter ON|OFF Turns extended CTRL+C checking Well, if you read the online help about the BREAK command, then why do you not know that (1) OFF is the default so there's absolutely no reason to turn it off unless you'd already turned it on, and (2) turning off extended break checking does not in any way keep DOS from checking for break. It turns off EXTENDED break checking. It does not turn off break checking. NOABORT.COM Clip everything between (not including) the CLIP lines. This message will be broken up into several (it's a long listing) so append each together editing out anything in between so you have one solid listing from clip line to clip line. Save this to a DOS Text file called NOABORT.ASC, and then from the DOS command line type: DEBUG < NOABORT.ASC The result should be a 5k file called NOABORT.COM. Simply execute it when you want to turn CTRL-C/BREAK/CTRL-ALT-DEL checking on. It is a TSR that will stay in memory until you unload it. To unload it, use the /U parameter. For example: MYBATCH.BAT: ============ @ECHO OFF NOABORT ECHO. | DATE > LOGFILE.TXT F: LOGIN C: NOABORT /U :* EOF ------------ *WARNING* IF ANY OTHER TSR PROGRAMS HAVE BEEN LOADED IN BETWEEN AND NOT UNLOADED, AND YOU USE THE /U SWITCH, YOU WILL CRASH THE MACHINE! If you have any questions, please give me a holler. NOABORT.SCR =========== n noabort.com e 0100 E9 A4 07 4E 4F 41 42 4F 52 54 20 42 4C 4F 43 4B 20 4D 41 52 e 0114 4B 45 52 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e 0128 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e 013C 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e 0150 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e 0164 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e 0178 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e 018C 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e 01A0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e 01B4 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e 01C8 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e 01DC 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e 01F0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e 0204 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e 0218 00 00 00 00 00 00 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00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e 11F4 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e 1208 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e 121C 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e 1230 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e 1244 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e 1258 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e 126C 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 33 C0 E8 2F 00 E8 12 01 C3 33 C0 E8 26 e 1280 00 E8 09 01 0B C0 75 03 E8 13 00 E8 73 01 E8 51 01 E8 C1 01 e 1294 2E C6 06 68 0E 00 E8 01 00 C3 B4 4C 2E A0 68 0E CD 21 C3 E8 e 12A8 7C 00 2E A3 69 0E 2E A3 6C 12 2E C6 06 70 12 00 2E C6 06 71 e 12BC 12 00 2E C6 06 67 0E 00 33 F6 2E 80 2E 67 0E 05 2E 8E 06 6C e 12D0 12 26 A0 00 00 2E A2 72 12 3C 4D 75 1F E8 4F 00 2E 80 3E 70 e 12E4 12 00 74 0B 2E A1 6E 12 2E A3 6C 12 EB 29 90 2E 83 06 6C 12 e 12F8 01 EB 20 90 2E 80 3E 70 12 01 75 14 2E 80 3E 72 12 5A 75 0C e 130C 2E C6 06 71 12 01 E8 1A 00 EB 0E 90 E8 83 FF 2E 80 3E 71 12 e 1320 01 74 02 EB A7 C3 B4 52 CD 21 26 8B 47 FE C3 50 53 51 06 2E e 1334 8E 06 6C 12 26 A1 03 00 8C C3 03 D8 43 2E 89 1E 6E 12 26 8B e 1348 0E 01 00 2E 8E 06 6E 12 26 8A 1E 00 00 2E 80 3E 71 12 00 75 e 135C 0A 80 FB 5A 74 05 80 FB 4D 75 21 2E 80 06 67 0E 05 33 DB 2E e 1370 8A 1E 67 0E 2E C6 06 70 12 01 2E A1 e 13C0 0E 2E 88 1E 66 0E C3 33 C0 33 C9 FC 2E 8A 0E 05 09 2E 8E 87 e 13D4 68 09 BE F1 08 BF 03 01 F3 A6 75 01 40 C3 FA 33 DB 2E 8A 1E e 13E8 66 0E 1E B9 00 02 2E 8E 9F 68 09 BE 20 01 33 C0 8E C0 33 FF e 13FC F3 A5 1F FB C3 33 DB 2E 8B 0E 6D 09 2E 8A 1E 66 0E 2E 8B 97 e 1410 68 09 BB FB FF 83 C3 05 2E 3A 1E 67 0E 73 35 2E 3A 1E 66 0E e 1424 77 18 8C C8 2E 3B 87 68 09 74 E6 2E 39 97 68 09 72 DF 2E C6 e 1438 87 6A 09 01 EB D7 2E 39 8F 68 09 74 D0 8C C8 2E 39 87 68 09 e 144C 74 C7 2E C6 87 6A 09 01 C3 BB FB FF 83 C3 05 2E 3A 1E 67 0E e 1460 73 1B 2E 80 BF 6A 09 00 74 EE 2E 8B 87 66 09 40 06 8E C0 B4 e 1474 49 CD 21 07 73 DE E8 21 FE C3 50 BB 80 00 33 C9 8A 0F 80 F9 e 1488 00 74 26 83 C3 02 B0 2F B4 2D 3A 07 74 0A 3A 27 74 06 43 E2 e 149C F5 EB 12 90 43 80 3F 55 74 08 80 3F 75 74 03 EB 04 90 58 40 e 14B0 50 58 C3 rcx 13B3 w q If you got any problems in compiling this script, please register your copy of this book and I will send you a diskette with all the files mentioned in this book. Internet: finnr@oslonett.no. Chapter 39: Can't delete directory ================================== Oh, joy! A challenging opportunity! The following is a brute force method for dealing with those oddball directories that sometimes show up with non-printing characters. Here we go: (A) Make an example to play with. I promise that if you can make one, you will be able to get rid of it, too. ///// instructions follow ///// if you can't do A-1, forget the whole thing A-1. go into BASIC, any flavor. ///// program to make a new dir in c:\ A-2. 10 SHELL "MD C:\AAA"+CHR$(255)+"BBB" 20 END ///// execute the program A-3. RUN A-4. get out of basic. sometimes command is SYSTEM or whatever. ///// look at the results A-5. DIR *. C:\ /W ///// notice the new directory AAA BBB? (B) Now, pretend that you don't know anything about this directory with the space in the middle. We will take it from the edge and present a generalized method for getting rid of it, or looking into it, etc. ///// Put the offending directory listing into a sorted ///// text file by name of TEMP B-1. DIR C:\*.|SORT>C:\TEMP ///// Look at it and notice AAA BBB is near the top. B-2. TYPE C:\TEMP|MORE ///// Find what the middle character of AAA BBB really ///// is. You could use any hex lister, but DEBUG ///// is more generalized. B-3. DEBUG C:\TEMP ///// Look on the right of the screen for AAA.BBB B-4. D <enter> ///// Keep hitting D enter until you see the directory. ///// Look at the hex display for 41 41 41 xx 42 42 42 ///// (which is hex for AAA x BBB) ///// and write down the hex number where the xx is. ///// Get out of DEBUG B-5. Q <enter> ///// Go into BASIC. Enter the following program. BE ///// SURE to replace the "xx" below with the hex char. ///// you wrote down in step B-4. ///// This Renames the Directory "AAAxBBB" to "BADBOY" ///// by copying the files and deleting AAAxBBB. B-6. 10 F$="AAA"+CHR$(&Hxx)+"BBB" 20 SHELL "MD C:\BADBOY" 30 SHELL "COPY C:\"+F$+\*.* C:\BADBOY" 40 SHELL "ECHO Y|DEL C:\"+F$+"\*.*" 50 SHELL "RD C:\"+F$ 60 END RUN ///// Now we get to see what's in directory BADBOY, or ///// delete the files and the directory, or whatever. ///// To conclude this example, kill it. B-7. Get out of basic, back to dos. B-8. RD C:\BADBOY Have fun with it. Chapter 40: Batch file for cd-rom ================================= Here is the batch file I use to view the contents of the ASP CD-ROM. I use List, rather than the index program on the CD. What I do is start another instance of command.com with the /F (fail) switch to test for a mounted CD-ROM Disk. Doing so protects the user from confusing DOS error messages and allows the display of a meaningful message. I don't know if MS-DOS 5 supports the /F switch. If not, you might consider upgrading DOS, which would also allow Smartdrive to cache the CD. I arrived at this technique while working on my AA, BB, CC, etc. batch files. In so doing, I found that testing for nul does not work when checking for the presence of a CD-ROM, and that you must look for *.* or a more specific filespecification as I did here. I run ASP.BAT from the DOS command line, or from Windows (using a PIF). I like using MPAUSE instead PAUSE when running under Windows. MPAUSE is a PAUSE clone that includes a mouse click as an keypress. I've included the debug script for MPAUSE.COM in case anyone wants it. ASP.BAT ======= @echo off :: ASP.BAT/MS-DOS 6.2 set|find "windir=">nul if not errorlevel 1 cls echo. echo Checking for ASP CD-ROM.... rem>c:\$tstdrv$.$$$ %COMSPEC% nul /f /c IF EXIST f:\bbsvend\*.* DEL c:\$tstdrv$.$$$ IF NOT EXIST c:\$tstdrv$.$$$ GOTO start DEL c:\$tstdrv$.$$$ GOTO err_msg :start c:\utl\list f:\bbsvend goto end :err_msg echo. echo ASP programs not found. Please make sure that echo the ASP CD-ROM is in the drive and try again. set|find "windir=">nul if errorlevel 1 goto end echo. echo Press any key or click mouse to [Exit] mpause :end MPAUSE.COM ========== N MPAUSE.COM E 0100 B8 00 00 CD 33 3D 00 00 E 0108 74 23 B8 01 00 CD 33 B8 E 0110 03 00 CD 33 81 E3 07 00 E 0118 75 0A B4 01 CD 16 74 EF E 0120 B4 00 CD 16 B8 02 00 CD E 0128 33 B4 4C CD 21 B4 01 CD E 0130 16 74 FA B4 00 CD 16 B4 E 0138 4C CD 21 46 8A C2 24 FE RCX 0040 W Q Chapter 41: Get the beep out of CHOICE ====================================== The MS-DOS 6.x CHOICE command is nice except for the BEEP. Is there a way to disable the beep Choice makes when you hit <enter>? There's a program I invoke via Choice, and I have to hit <enter> to go back to Choice's menu. But then when it goes back to the menu I get a beep. Below is a screen cut from a complete DEBUG session, along with brief comments on the right, where I replaced the "07" (bell character) in CHOICE.COM with a "1B" (the <Esc> character). The actual memory addresses will more than likely be different on your system (depends on everything else you have loaded in memory) but, the difference doesn't matter, just follow the concept. The file size of your CHOICE.COM may also be different. Everything I type after loading CHOICE.COM into DEBUG (the first line) will be at a DEBUG "-" (hyphen) prompt. Everything that does not begin with a "-", is a DEBUG response. +---------------------+ | DEBUG CHOICE.COM | Load CHOICE.COM into DEBUG | -RCX | Get the size | CX 06DA | Size is 06DA hex (1754 bytes) | : | (Ignore this prompt, just hit [Enter]) | -H 06DA 100 | Add 100 to 06DA | 07DA 05DA | The 07DA on the left is the answer | -S 100 07DA B2 07 | Search from 100 to 07DA for sequence "B2 07" | 104B:077B | Bingo! DEBUG found it at address 104B:077B | -E 104B:077B B2 1B | Edit address 104B:077B to read "B2 1B" | -W | Write the change to disk | Writing 006DA bytes | (Debug writes it to disk) | -Q | Quit to DOS +---------------------+ If the "S"earch command returns more than one address you may either have a different CHOICE.COM than I do or, you may have typed something wrong. In either case, just type "Q" to quit to DOS. I'd use a renamed copy of CHOICE.COM. Maybe QCHOICE.COM (Q=Quiet)? BTW, if you're interested, the "B2 07" is hex for instruction: MOV DL,07 meaning put "07" (the bell character) into register "DL". The next instruction would probably be: MOV AH,02 the DOS "display output" function. And finally a: INT 21 would kick DOS into action. When I changed the "07" to "1B" I actually changed the first instruction to read: MOV DL,1B Good luck and enjoy! Chapter 42: How to tell MS DOS not to display any messages? =========================================================== How to tell DOS not to display any messages like, "1 file(s) copied" or "bad command or file name"? I've got a batch file that runs as part of a menu and everything works great, BUT... ...the effects of my batch running in the background become known when "1 file(s) copied" pops through the menu for a second. Echo off tells the computer not to show what YOU are saying, BUT how do you tell the computer to soto vocce? i.e. DIR >NUL For the copy command you can redirect the output to the NUL device. E.g., copy filename1 filename2 > nul. If you redirect the command output to device NUL you'll kill all "normal" output. Sadly this doesn't kill "critical" messages. so the "File not found" on a delete of a missing file is deemed a critical error and cannot be stopped by this simple trick. COPY {here} {there} > NUL will run silently. Add >nul to the end of the lines that load the commands you want to do quietly. example copy c:\user\*.doc c:\bak\*.doc >nul If you need to hide STDERR text, you'll need to direct all CON I/O to NUL via the CTTY command: ctty NUL rem All console I/O directed to NUL; no keybd control! echo You'll never see this! copy foo.bar fubar.txt ctty CON echo Console I/O restored. ' I just reminding you about that seldom-used command CTTY. I once had done something like this, but if not reused- forgotten! Chapter 43: How to dump binary files to readable ASCII text? ============================================================= Here's a little util to dump binary files to readable ASCII text: ----------------------------->CUT HERE<----------------------------- NSNOOPER.ZIP E100 FC BB 03 00 BF D4 01 BE CC 01 33 C9 AD 86 CC AA FE C0 E2 FB 4B E115 75 F5 B9 FF FD BA 20 02 52 B4 3F CD 21 5F 72 60 8B F7 50 8B C8 E12A B0 2A F2 AE 75 55 B0 0D F2 AE 87 F7 BB 00 01 B2 04 AC 3C 2A 72 E13F 62 74 46 57 BF D2 01 B9 40 00 8A E1 F2 AE 5F 75 35 FE C1 2A E1 E154 88 27 43 FE CA 75 E0 56 BE 00 01 AD 86 C4 8B D0 AD 86 C4 5E B1 E169 02 D2 E0 D3 E0 D2 E2 D3 EA D0 E1 D1 EA D1 D8 E2 FA 86 C2 AA 8A E17E C4 AA 8A C2 AA EB B1 BF 20 02 58 33 D2 F7 D8 13 D2 F7 DA 33 DB E193 8B CA 8B D0 B8 01 42 CD 21 8B 0E CA 01 CC AC 3C 0A 75 FB AC 57 E1A8 BF D2 01 B9 40 00 8A E1 F2 AE 5F 75 D0 FE C1 2A E1 86 E0 32 E4 E1BD 8B 1E CA 01 03 D8 89 1E CA 01 E9 6C FF 00 00 30 0A 41 1A 61 1A E1D2 2B 2D G=100 W220 Q GXDPlus 1.0 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You can provide a script of keystrokes and Stuffit will automatically type them into your application programs. What makes Stuffit different from other keyboard macro programs: 1. The keyboard remains fully functional the entire time for additional manual input or correction. 2. Stuffit works with intractable programs that throw away keystrokes, bypass DOS etc. 3. Stuffit watches the screen. It does not just type blindly. 4. Stuffit watches the clock. It can wake up your computer at any time of the day and run programs. 4. Stuffit can handle large scripts, up to 64K. 5. Stuffit lets you generate more possible keystroke chords (combinations) than other products. 7. Assembler source code is provided, giving you the option of adding new features to the program. COMMAND LINE PARAMETERS IN A NUTSHELL +0 Delay until the application has used up all the keystrokes in the type-ahead buffer. This is useful for applications that throw away keystrokes fed to it too quickly. This is also a handy way to flush any pending (uneaten) codes from a previous invocation of StuffIt. e.g.: StuffIt +0 empties StuffIt's internal buffer. +hh:mm:ss time delay. (hours and minutes optional) +4 means wait 4 seconds (must be 0..59). +2:4 means wait 2 minutes and 4 seconds. +5:: means wait 5 hours. =hh:mm:ss delay until a specific time of day (24 hour format) (hours and minutes optional). =16:00:00 means wait till 4 PM. =00:00:00 means wait till midnight. =0 also means wait till midnight. nn stuff a given character code e.g. 27 for Escape, 13 for Enter Only ASCII decimal numerics are accepted. There are no mnemonics for control characters. See ASCII code chart in your IBM AT tech Reference. @nn stuff an extended code preceded by a null. Only numerics are accepted. There are presently no mnemonics for these characters: e.g. @68 = F10, @73 = PgUp etc. See table following for common codes. cc:ss specify both the decimal character and its scan code e.g. 43:74 to mean the Plus key on the numeric keypad, rather than the ordinary plus key. See table following for common pairs. 'xxxx' Stuff the characters between the quote marks. The string itself may not contain 's. "xxxx" Stuff the characters between the double quote marks. The string itself may not contain "s. F70,20,5,01,"Please enter your phone number" The absolute FIND command. Wait patiently for text to appear at col, row, length, attribute. The attribute is optional. StuffIt searches starting at column 70, row 20 for the string "Please enter your phone number". It waits until the string appears. The 5 means allow some slop. The string may START anywhere in a window 5 characters wide. It does not mean the whole string must FIT in a window five characters wide. See note below on Stuffit's co-ordinate system. The 01 is a rarely used feature. It means, the match only counts if the string is displayed with decimal video attribute "01". P10,1,160,01,"Please enter your phone number" The relative PROMPT command. Wait patiently for text to appear at relative col, row, length, attribute. The attribute is optional. Stuffit searches for the string "Please enter your phone number" starting left ten columns, and up one row from where the cursor is. It waits until the string appears. The 160 means allow some slop. The string may START anywhere in a window 160 characters wide (two lines). It does not mean the whole string must FIT in the window. The 01 is a rarely used feature. It means, the match only counts if the string is displayed with decimal video attribute "01". ! Reboot. (=0 ! will reboot at midnight.) /F:MyFile.Txt Read commands from MyFile.Txt instead for from the command line. This command may be only be used on the command line, not nested in a file. /B:512 Allocate room for 512 bytes for the script. You must allocate enough to store the ENTIRE script once it has been converted to a compact internal form. On initial loading, StuffIt will use a minimum of 512 bytes, or automatically expand to whatever is necessary to needed to store the compact tokenized form of the input file. If you want to save a few bytes you can prune it back using the /B: command. Future versions may do this automatically. /R will Remove (Unload) Stuffit from RAM. StuffIt is a TSR and so stays resident in RAM. The overhead is minuscule, a mere 1232 bytes, half of which is the buffer. CO-ORDINATE SYSTEM The co-ordinate system Stuffit uses for the FIND command is very familiar to programmers who poke bytes into the video REGEN buffer of display adapters, but it may seem a little strange to someone who has a mathematical background. Mathematicians have two systems: 1. X,Y co-ordinates where the origin 0,0 is in the lower left corner. 2. Matrices indexed by row and column. Usually rows and columns are numbered starting with 1. Rows are numbered starting at the top. Traditionally co- ordinates are given in the order row, then column. Stuffit uses a hybrid of these two schemes. It uses row and column, but starts numbering at 0,0 instead of 1,1 in the upper left corner. Stuffit uses column, row order. For relative positioning in the PROMPT command, left and up are considered positive. This is the exact opposite convention to what the FIND command uses. Beware! EXAMPLES: Format floppies alternately in A: and B:, without answering any prompts: REM EXAMPLE 1 FLOPPY FORMATTER echo off :loop Stuffit ' ' +0 13 P25,0,5,"Format another" +1 'N' 13 format A: Stuffit ' ' +0 13 P25,0,5,"Format another" +1 'N' 13 format B: goto loop Use one PC for both backup and Host GW on a LAN: REM EXAMPLE 2 AUTOEXEC.BAT Rem Start backup program in batch mode: Rem Use Stuffit, to reboot GW program at midnight Stuffit =00:00:00 ! Rem Start GW program LAN-GW TROUBLE SHOOTING PROBLEM: Stuffit fails to send all the keystrokes. Only some keystrokes get through. SOLUTION: Your application is clearing the type-ahead buffer from time to time. You can outfox it by using the +2 command to insert a short delay AFTER the program has cleared the type-ahead buffer before Stuffit starts poking characters into it again. This can be combined with the F and P commands to hold off generating the keystrokes until a omen appears on the screen that the program is ready for input and is not about to throw away the keystrokes you feed it. Sometimes you must combine the techniques, an F or P command followed by a short delay. PROBLEM: Stuffit just echoes its command syntax summary no matter what I do. SOLUTION: Stuffit is laconic in its error messages. It does not tell you what you did wrong. You have to guess. The way you do this is to take out all your commands. Then add them one by one. The one you last added at the time of failure is the one with the syntax error. Note that Stuffit completely analyzes the script before starting to send any keystrokes to your application. If there is even one tiny error in it, it will not do anything. PROBLEM: My program insists I use keypad - minus. Where do I find the magic colon pair for such keystrokes? SOLUTION: There is a list of the most commonly used pairs at the end of this document. See the IBM AT Technical reference manual for more information on system scan codes. PROBLEM: You referred me to the IBM AT Technical Reference Manual for scan codes and ASCII codes. I don't have this expensive book. What can I do? SOLUTION: Call Falk Data Systems at (915) 684-7670, 5322 Rockwood Court, El Paso Texas, 79932. They make an inexpensive wall chart that shows the ASCII codes. PROBLEM: I want to generate Shift-PrtScr. There does not appear to be a scan code for this combination. SOLUTION: BIOS processes Shift-PrtSc and Ctrl-Alt-Del directly. It does not put them in the keystroke buffer. Perhaps a future version of Stuffit will simulate Shift-PrtSc. (The ! command does simulate Ctrl-Alt-Del to reboot the computer.) PROBLEM: the F command does not work to fetch a script out of a file. SOLUTION: The command is /F:, not F, for fetching from a file. This is confusing. The F command is for FINDING a magic string on the screen. Perhaps you forgot the colon or inserted spaces. PROBLEM: My program does not seem to recognize the keystrokes. SOLUTION: It is unlikely, but one possible cause is this: when you DON'T use the colon form to give Stuffit both the ASCII and scan code, then Stuffit fakes it by using 2 as the scan code. Most programs do not check the scan code, but a few might be confused. Stuffit generates the proper scan code only for a few keys -- BS, Tab, Esc, Enter. If your application needs a specific scan code/char combination, you must use the CC:SS form. HOW DOES IT WORK Most typists can type faster than programs can process keystrokes. Thus the BIOS stores keystrokes in a type-ahead buffer. Stuffit works by sneakily poking keystrokes to the type- ahead buffer when BIOS is not looking. Stuffit thus has no need of taking over INT 16 to control the handing over of keystrokes to the application. The advantage of this method is, Stuffit works with programs that sneak past INT 16 to use the Enhanced 101-key keyboard features. There are 254 different extended ASCII codes that can be stored in a byte. However there are control sequences such as F1, Home, Ctrl-F1 which don't have a 1-byte code. These require a two byte code, the first byte being a 0-byte lead in. Stuffit can easily handle poking that pair into the keystroke buffer, using the @nn feature. There are some keys duplicated on the keyboard. For example there is a + key sharing the = key. There also a + key on the numeric keypad. Most programs do not care which + key you pressed. Some do. These programs find out by using interrupt HEX 16 function 00. The processed character is returned in AL and the semi-cooked scan code from the keyboard is returned in AH. If you the program is picky, you can get Stuffit to generate the precise character and scan code using the cc:ss command. Because of history, with each new keyboard design attempting to maintain partial compatibility with earlier designs, the process of generating a keystroke has become more and more complex. Each keypress down generates a code, as does each key release. The keyboard itself translates the codes from row-column on the keyboard to a raw scan code format. Then the keyboard controller in the PC (a miniature computer in its own right) translates them again. Then the BIOS translates them yet again, and matches up the ups and downs, notices chords (multiple keys pressed at once such as Ctrl Alt and Shift) and generates the keystrokes and puts them in the keystroke type-ahead buffer. Further DOS, with its KEYB utility, may interfere with BIOS to support foreign keyboards. So you can see the term "scan" code has many meanings -- depending just where in this assembly line you look at the codes. SCAN CODES Here are the Stuffit codes for some keystrokes you might want to generate. See your IBM AT Tech manual for more: 43:13 plus + on the equal key 43:78 plus + on the keypad 45:12 minus - on the on the underscore key 45:74 minus - on the keypad 174 << 175 >> 65 A -(normally use "A" instead) 07 Bel @83 Del @80 Down-Arrow 224:72 @80 Down-Arrow on the arrow pad 130 e acute @79 End 13 Enter 13:224 Enter on the keypad 27 Esc @71 Home @82 Ins @74 Left-Arrow 224:72 @74 Left-Arrow on the arrow pad @3 nul @81 PgDn @73 PgUp @77 Right-Arrow 224:72 @77 Right-Arrow on the arrow pad 09 Tab @72 Up-Arrow 224:722 @72 Up-Arrow on the arrow pad @59 F1 @60 F2 @61 F3 @62 F4 @63 F5 @64 F6 @65 F7 @66 F8 @67 F9 @68 F10 @87 F11 @88 F12 @120 Alt 1 @121 Alt 2 @122 Alt 3 @123 Alt 4 @124 Alt 5 @125 Alt 6 @126 Alt 7 @127 Alt 8 @128 Alt 9 @104 Alt F1 @105 Alt F2 @106 Alt F3 @107 Alt F4 @108 Alt F5 @109 Alt F6 @110 Alt F7 @111 Alt F8 @112 Alt F9 @113 Alt F10 @30 Alt-A @48 Alt-B @46 Alt-C @32 Alt-D @18 Alt-E @33 Alt-F @34 Alt-G @35 Alt-H @23 Alt-I @36 Alt-J @37 Alt-K @38 Alt-L @50 Alt-M @49 Alt-N @24 Alt-O @25 Alt-P @16 Alt-Q @19 Alt-R @31 Alt-S @20 Alt-T @22 Alt-U @47 Alt-V @17 Alt-W @45 Alt-X @21 Alt-Y @44 Alt-Z @94 Ctrl-F1 @95 Ctrl-F2 @96 Ctrl-F3 @97 Ctrl-F4 @98 Ctrl-F5 @99 Ctrl-F6 @100 Ctrl-F7 @101 Ctrl-F8 @102 Ctrl-F9 @103 Ctrl-F10 ! Ctrl-Alt-Del @117 Ctrl-End @119 Ctrl-Home 12 Ctrl-L @115 Ctrl-Left-Arrow @118 Ctrl-PgDn @132 Ctrl-PgUp @114 Ctrl-PrtSc @116 Ctrl-Right-Arrow @84 Shift-F1 @85 Shift-F2 @86 Shift-F3 @87 Shift-F4 @88 Shift-F5 @89 Shift-F6 @90 Shift-F7 @91 Shift-F8 @92 Shift-F9 @93 Shift-F10 Shift-PrtSc -- there IS no code for this. CREDITS Terje W. Mathisen wrote Stuffit and the first documentation. Roedy Green polished the documentation. PAYMENT AND LICENSING This program is absolutely FREE. Terje W. Mathisen doesn't want money, he has money. What he wants is recognition (admiration?), from other programmers. You may use it for whatever you like, but it is not warranted for any purpose. Copyright 1991 by Terje W. Mathisen. Terje W. Mathisen Oslo, January 1991. ---------------------------[ CUT HERE ]--------------------------- NSTUFF310.ZIP E100 FC BB 03 00 BF D4 01 BE CC 01 33 C9 AD 86 CC AA FE C0 E2 FB 4B E115 75 F5 B9 FF FD BA 20 02 52 B4 3F CD 21 5F 72 60 8B F7 50 8B C8 E12A B0 2A F2 AE 75 55 B0 0D F2 AE 87 F7 BB 00 01 B2 04 AC 3C 2A 72 E13F 62 74 46 57 BF D2 01 B9 40 00 8A E1 F2 AE 5F 75 35 FE C1 2A E1 E154 88 27 43 FE CA 75 E0 56 BE 00 01 AD 86 C4 8B D0 AD 86 C4 5E B1 E169 02 D2 E0 D3 E0 D2 E2 D3 EA D0 E1 D1 EA D1 D8 E2 FA 86 C2 AA 8A E17E C4 AA 8A C2 AA EB B1 BF 20 02 58 33 D2 F7 D8 13 D2 F7 DA 33 DB E193 8B CA 8B D0 B8 01 42 CD 21 8B 0E CA 01 CC AC 3C 0A 75 FB AC 57 E1A8 BF D2 01 B9 40 00 8A E1 F2 AE 5F 75 D0 FE C1 2A E1 86 E0 32 E4 E1BD 8B 1E CA 01 03 D8 89 1E CA 01 E9 6C FF 00 00 30 0A 41 1A 61 1A E1D2 2B 2D G=100 W220 Q GXDPlus 1.0 *XXBUG20--00002907--29041991--49A842E3------------------STUFF310.ZIP nI2g1--E++U+6+5pAbFMqbeoTRVQ++6Yz+++9++++IpFJFYN7J0t2HoChCqhr4Xamrna5 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higher. This version can is now fully backwards compatible with all of the XXBUG formats, meaning the original (pre 2.0) format, the XXBUG20 format, and XXBUG30 format plus all of the others like XX3401, uuencode, xxencode, and UUBUG. Bringing the total handle to 7 formats. XXDEBUG Version 1.10 Release 01/02/95 Copyright 1994 by Chad Wagner May be freely distributed. DISCLAIMER There is no warranty of any kind, either express or implied, covering this software or any associated materials. This software and all associated materials are provided as is, use them at your own risk. The copyright holder is in no way responsible or liable for any losses or damages of any kind that may result from the use of this software or any associated materials, or from inability to use them. All brand or product names mentioned in this documentation or any associated files are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. All products mentioned are copyrighted by their respective owners. DISCLAIMER There is no warranty of any kind, either express or implied, covering this software or any associated materials. This software and all associated materials are provided as is, use them at your own risk. The copyright holder is in no way responsible or liable for any losses or damages of any kind that may result from the use of this software or any associated materials, or from inability to use them. All brand or product names mentioned in this documentation or any associated files are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. All products mentioned are copyrighted by their respective owners. WHAT IS XXDEBUG? XXDEBUG is a decoding program that can handle 7 different types of encoded files. It allows users who don't have access to DOS DEBUG decode the encoded files that are often sent via e-mail. It also gives the user a little more security than the regular decoding routines for XXBUG, it checks the file size and CRC-32 to verify they match with the header, and updates the date stamp in the MS-DOS directory. XXDEBUG supports XXBUG, XXBUG20, XXBUG30, UUBUG, standard xxencode, standard uuencode and XX34E. You may have to clean up the scripts, XXBUG and UUBUG files should be able to be decoded as long as the MP option was used. But all of the others use different types and methods of breaking blocks of encoded data. HOW DO I USE IT? XXDEBUG is a fairly easy program with an easy to use command line interface to the user. All that is needed is the name of the script that you wish to decode, and optionally a filename to write to. The first parameter is the script filename ("infile") and the second (optional) parameter is the write filename ("outfile"): XXDEBUG infile [outfile] So if you want to decode a script called TEST.SCR then this is what you would do: XXDEBUG TEST.SCR and XXDEBUG would handle the rest. What if you don't want to call it the name that is in the script, let's say you want to call it TEST.BIN: XXDEBUG TEST.SCR TEST.BIN and that's all there is to it. ERRORLEVEL CODES 0 no error encountered 1 displayed help screen 2 could not open infile 3 no begin line found 4 outfile already exists 5 could not open outfile 6 no end line 7 could not update date stamp 8 bad crc-32 checksum 9 bad file size Error codes 6-7 will create a usable program, these are simply warnings, but error codes 2-5 and 8-9 are fatal errors, which will not produce a valid outfile. COMMENTS, GRIPES, BUG REPORTS, etc. You can e-mail any comments you have to me, I have access to Internet as well as Fidonet. Internet -> cmwagner@gate.net Fidonet -> Chad Wagner via 1:369/120 -------------------------->CUT HERE<----------------------------- NXXDBG110.ZIP E100 FC BB 03 00 BF D4 01 BE CC 01 33 C9 AD 86 CC AA FE C0 E2 FB 4B E115 75 F5 B9 FF FD BA 20 02 52 B4 3F CD 21 5F 72 60 8B F7 50 8B C8 E12A B0 2A F2 AE 75 55 B0 0D F2 AE 87 F7 BB 00 01 B2 04 AC 3C 2A 72 E13F 62 74 46 57 BF D2 01 B9 40 00 8A E1 F2 AE 5F 75 35 FE C1 2A E1 E154 88 27 43 FE CA 75 E0 56 BE 00 01 AD 86 C4 8B D0 AD 86 C4 5E B1 E169 02 D2 E0 D3 E0 D2 E2 D3 EA D0 E1 D1 EA D1 D8 E2 FA 86 C2 AA 8A E17E C4 AA 8A C2 AA EB B1 BF 20 02 58 33 D2 F7 D8 13 D2 F7 DA 33 DB E193 8B CA 8B D0 B8 01 42 CD 21 8B 0E CA 01 CC AC 3C 0A 75 FB AC 57 E1A8 BF D2 01 B9 40 00 8A E1 F2 AE 5F 75 D0 FE C1 2A E1 86 E0 32 E4 E1BD 8B 1E CA 01 03 D8 89 1E CA 01 E9 6C FF 00 00 30 0A 41 1A 61 1A E1D2 2B 2D G=100 W220 Q GXDPlus 1.0 *XXBUG300000338A02011995B6046382011000------------------XXDBG110.ZIP 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Chapter 46: Increasing file size ================================ I have a non-executable binary file which is currently 642 bytes long. I would like to increase its size by about 100 bytes by filling the added bytes with no-ops (00h). The easiest way to do it is through DEBUG. Are you adding it to the beginning or the end, or neither? Ok, start debug naked on the command line: DEBUG You should get the "-" prompt. Fill memory with lotsa zero's with: F CS:0100 1000 0 Tell debug what program to load: N {progname} Tell debug to load it: L The size of the program is in BX:CX. Modify CX (BX should be zero for such a short file) by entering: RCX You'll get a : prompt after debug shows the current value for CX. Add whatever you need to this number (remember you're working in HEX). Once you have reset the CX value, rewrite the file to disk with: W You should get a message "Writing xxxx bytes" Finally exit debug with: Q You can also probably use a hex editor... there are quite a few of shareware ones floating around, any one should do the job just fine... Unless...I don't know what file this is, but it may give some kind of a header that contains its specs -- this may include file size -- and it may not work right with a different size... First run debug with the name of the file as a parameter. Then f 382,3e6 00 {282h=642d and 2e6h=742d; 100h is added} rcx {cause debug treats programs as COM files} 2e6 {set the size to 742d bytes} w {write} q {quit debug} That should increase the size to 742 bytes. Appendix 1: =========== Alphabetical listing of files ============================= ALL.BAT AUTOEXEC.BAT BACKUP1.BAT BAT.BAT BUMPDAY.BAT CLEAR.COM COLDBOOT.COM COLROCHT.BAT CPTOA.BAT DATES.SCR DBLTEST.BAT DEZIP.BAT DO.BAT DO1.BAT DO2.BAT DO3.BAT ENLARGE.BAT ERASE.BAT ERASE1.BAT ERASE2.BAT FALLBACK.SCR FIND.BAT GETDATE.BAT GETTIME.COM HOKUS.BAT HOUR.COM INCBY1.BAT ISDBL.COM ISDBL.SCR ISWIN.COM LAF.BAT LAFUEXT.BAT LAFUEXT1.BAT LAFUEXT2.BAT LOOKFOR.BAT MAIL.BAT MON.BAT MON.COM MON.SCR MPAUSE.COM MULTIJOB.BAT MYBATCH.BAT NO.COM NOABORT.COM NUMLOCK.COM POPD.COM PUSHD.COM PUSHPOP.SCR RAMDRIVE.BAT REBOOT.COM REPEAT.COM REPEAT.SCR REPLY.SCR RESET.SCR SAV1.BAT SAVE.BAT SEARCH.BAT SEARCH1.BAT SEARCH2.BAT SEARCH3.BAT SPFOWARD.SCR SPLITNAM.BAT TEST.SCR TESTMENU.BAT TOA.BAT TODAY.BAT Appendix 2: ========== Processing batch files ====================== In this appendix you will learn: ■ How you create batch files ■ How an autoexec.bat file works ■ How to execute a batch file Why do we use batch files? -------------------------- We often repeats the same keystrokes, the same errors and commands to accomplish simple tasks. The disk operating system MS-DOS provides the capabilities to write one or more commands into a special file called a batch file. To execute the commands you just have to write the name of the batch file. All batch files has the extension BAT, but to run the file you only have to type the name. MS-DOS executes the batch files containing your commands exacetely as you should have written them on your keyboard. This is what we call a batch file process. By the benifit of using a batch file, you only need to type one command, instead of many. Learning how to create and run your batch files might produce your own personal MS-DOS commands. How to create a batch file -------------------------- To create a batch file you can open the line editor Edlin, or you can copy the batch file from the keyboard. To do this you perform a copy operation using CON as the source of your batch file's input. Or you can choose and editor like EDIT that comes with the operating system MS-DOS. My favourite word processor is QEDIT which provides a simple and fast method of creating an ASCII text. Both EDIT and Qedit are excellent tools. As your batch files grow larger, I will recommend you to use a full-screen word processor like QEDIT. In the demonstration below, I choose to create the batch file by using the copy con method. Now let's take a look at a simple example. Let's say that we will create a batch file which formats and checks a new diskette. To begin the batch file copy operation, type the following at the command prompt: ┌─┐ │1│ Type the following at the C:\> └─┘ copy con testny.bat Press Enter. This command asks MS-DOS to copy information from the keyboard to the file testny.bat. ┌─┐ │2│ Type the following lines, press Enter after each: └─┘ REM This file formats and REM checks new diskettes. REM The batch file is named TESTNY.BAT PAUSE Insert a new diskette in drive A: FORMAT A: /v CHKDSK A: ┌─┐ │3│ After the last command, press CONTROL-Z or F6 and Enter └─┘ to save the batch file. As a result, MS-DOS creates the batch file and displays the following message: "I File(s) copied". ┌─┐ │4│ To execute this batch file, type the following command: └─┘ TESTNY The result is the same as if the lines in the batch file had been entered from the keyboard as single commands. Understanding batch file processing ----------------------------------- There are a few things you should know before you try to run a batch process with MS-DOS. ■ All batch files have the file extention BAT ■ To run a batch file, you only need to type the filename without the extention. ■ Press CTRL-C while you execute a batch file, if need to terminate the process. MS-DOS will ask your confirmation. ■ If you remove a diskette containing a batch file which is being executed, MS-DOS will ask you to insert to fullfill the process. ■ You can run one batch file within another if the name is stated in the last line of the batch file. The capability allows you to call a batch file from within another only until the second file completes execution. CALL and COMMAND /C will discussed on another place in this book. ■ You may use any redirection operator (< > >>) in a batch file. If you need more information see below under "About Commands". ■ Use the @ (at sign) in the beginning of a line in a batch file to avoid a line from being displayed. ■ You may use a pipe redirection operator (|) in your batch files. ■ Typing the name of a directory or a drive will affect all commands in a batch file. ■ The of strings in environment will affect all commands in a batch file. NOTE: If you have got more than one externel command in your environment with the same name, but with different extensions, MS-DOS will only execute one of them in the following way, decided by file extension: .com, .exe, .bat. Assume that your hard disk contains the files format.com and format.bat. If you type the command format at the prompt, MS-DOS will always run format.com first. To execute a batch file called format.bat, this file must be loacted in a subdirectory and you have to type the complete path. For example, your format.bat file is located in a directory called \commands\batch, you must type: \commands\batch\format to execute it. The Autoexec.bat file ---------------------- An AUTOEXEC.BAT file allows you to automatically execute programs when you start MS-DOS. This is useful when you want to run a specific package (for example, certain utilities to tests your computer's hard disk and memory) under MS-DOS, and when you want MS-DOS to execute a batch program each time you start your computer. You can avoid loading two separate disks to perform either of these tasks by using an AUTOEXEC.BAT file. When you start your computer, MS-DOS searches the disk for a file named AUTOEXEC.BAT. The AUTOEXEC.BAT file is a batch file that is automatically executed each time you start the system. It must be located in the root directory. If MS-DOS finds the AUTOEXEC.BAT file, the file is immediately executed and the date and time prompts are bypassed. If MS-DOS does not find an AUTOEXEC.BAT file when you first load the MS-DOS disk, then the date and time prompts appear Figure 1.1 shows how MS-DOS uses the AUTOEXEC.BAT file: ┌───────────────────┐ FIGURE 1.1 │ You load │ ========== │ MS-DOS from disk │ │ │ └─────────┬─────────┘ │ ┌─────────┴──────────┐ │ MS-DOS looks for │ │ CONFIG.SYS │ └─────────┬──────────┘ │ ╔═══════╧══════╗ ║ If CONFIG.SYS║ Yes - ║ exists ╟────────────────────────┐ ║ ║ │ ╚═══════╤══════╝ │ │ │ │ │ No │ ┌─────────┴─────────┐ │ │ MS-DOS │ │ │ configures the │ │ │ system │ │ └─────────┬─────────┘ │ │ │ │ │──────────────────────────────┘ │ │ ┌─────────┴──────────┐ │ Command processor │ │ is automatically │ │ loaded, │ │ COMMAND.COM │ └─────────┬──────────┘ │ ┌─────────┴───────────┐ │ Command processor │ │ looks for AUTOEXEC.│ │ BAT file. │ └─────────┬───────────┘ │ ╔═══════╧══════╗ ║ Does it find ║ No - ║ Autoexec.bat?╟────────────────────────┐ ║ ║ │ ╚═══════╤══════╝ │ Yes │ │ ┌─────────┴───────────┐ ┌─────────┴─────────┐ │ AUTOEXEC.BAT file │ │ MS-DOS time and │ │ is executed │ │ date prompts are │ │ │ │ issued │ └─────────────────────┘ └───────────────────┘ How to create an AUTOEXEC.BAT file ---------------------------------- If, for example, you want to automatically load PATH, DATE AND TIME and run a program called MENU each time you start MS-DOS, you could create an AUTOEXEC.BAT file as follows: NOTE: When you create an AUTOEXEC.BAT you must remeber to locate it in the root directory. ┌─┐ │1│ Type the following command and push ENTER: └─┘ copy con autoexec.bat This statement tells MS-DOS to copy the information from the console (keyboard) into the AUTOEXEC.BAT file. Note that the AUTOEXEC.BAT file must be created in the root directory of your MS-DOS disk. ┌─┐ │2│ Now type the lines below: └─┘ PATH C:\;C:\DOS;C:\WP50;C:\NORTON;C:\BATCH;C:\UTILS DATE TIME KEYB NO 865 C:\DOS\KEYBOARD.SYS PROMPT $p$g ┌─┐ │3│ This statement goes into the AUTOEXEC.BAT. It tells MS-DOS └─┘ to keep a certain path in the environmentand to display both the date and the time. Press Ctrl-Z or F6 to put an end-of-file mark at the end of the file and save it to the disk. When you have created an AUTOEXEC.BAT as the file above, the same commands will run automatically whenever you start your computer Path will be defined, you will be asked for date and time, and the prompt will be C:\>. How to cretate a batch file with replaceable parameters ------------------------------------------------------- There may be times when you want to create a program and run it with different sets of data. These data may be stored in various MS-DOS files. When used in MS-DOS commands, a parameter is an option that you define. With MS-DOS, you can create a batch (.BAT) file with dummy (replaceable) parameters. These parameters, named %0-%9, can be replaced by values supplied when the batch file executes. For example, when ypu type the command line: copy con newfile.bat the next line you type are copied from the console to a file named NEWFILE.BAT on the default drive: del %3.doc copy %1.doc + %2.doc %3.doc print %3.doc Now press Control-Z and then press Enter. MS-DOS responds with this message: 1 file(s) copied C:\> The file NEWFILE.BAT, which consists of three commands, now resides on the disk in the default drive. The dummy parameters %1 and %2 are replaced sequentially by the parameters you supply when you execute the file. If you use the dummy parameter %0, it is always replaced by the drive name, if specified, and the filename of the batch file (for example, NEWFILE). NOTE: 1. Up to 10 dummy paramters (%0-%9) can be specified. Refer to the MS-DOS SHIFT command if you want to specify more than 10 parameters. (Chapter 6.) 2. If you use the percent sign as part of a filename within a batch file, you must type it twice. For example, to specify the file AB%.EXE, you must type it as AB%%.EXE in the batch file. How to run a batch file ----------------------- To execute the batch file NEWFILE.BAT and to specify the parameters that will replace the dummy parameters, you must enter the batch filename (without its extension) followed by the parameters you want MS-DOS to substitute for %1, %2, and %3. Remember that the file NEWFILE.BAT consists of 3 lines: del %3.doc copy %1.doc + %2.doc %3.doc print %3.doc To execute the NEWFILE batch process, type newfile a:memol b:memo2 b:bigfile and press Enter. a:memol is substituted for %1, b:mem2 for %2, and b.bigfile for %3. The result is the same as if you had typed each of the commands in NEWFILE with their parameters, as follows: del b:bigfile copy a:memol + b:memo2 b:bigfile print b:bigfile The following table shows how MS-DOS replace each of the above parameters: BATCH PARAMETER1 PARAMETER2 PARAMETER3 FILENAME (%1) (%2) (%3) ---------------------------------------------------------- newfile memol.doc b:memo2.doc b:bigfile Remember that if you specofy the dummy parameter %0 in your batch file, it is always replaced by the drive name (if specified) and the filename of the batch file. If you do not need to refer to the batch file, start your dummy parameters at number %1. This method with replaceable parameters improves your batch files, make the more flexible and easier to use. For example, you can create a batch file called SORTER.BAT. The file sorts a file containing a specified sequence of characters or a string. When you run the file to sort the batch file, you tell MS-DOS what string you want, what file to search to find the string and what temporary file you want to be used in sorting. SORTER will print the result to a printer. ┌─┐ │1│ To create the file SORTER.BAT type the following command └─┘ and press ENTER: copy con sorter.bat ┌─┐ │2│ Type the following commands: └─┘ type %2 | find "%1" > %3 type %3 | sort > prn del %3 ┌─┐ │3│ Save the batch file by pressing CONTROL-Z and ENTER or F6. └─┘ The Batch file SORTER.BAT consists of three command lines and is located on the hard disk. How to use named parameters in a batch file ------------------------------------------- In addition to ten numbered replaceable parameters, you use named parameters in a batch file. Named parameters allow you to define your replaceable parameters with names instead of digits. When the referance is used in a file, the name should be placed between two percent signs. Named parameters are different form replaceable parameters. You can't specify the variables at the prompt. When MS-DOS encounters a named parameter in a batch file, MS-DOS searches its environment for corresponding entry. The SET command allows you to change or display the entries in the MS-DOS environment. For example: Assume that you want to create a batch file called MYDEL.BAT. The batch process moves a file you want to delete to another directory. This is a useful method to ensure yourself that you don't delete an important file by accident. The file MYDEL.BAT consists of the following commmands: @ECHO OFF ECHO Before you use the batch file you need to ECHO specify the directory by typing the following ECHO command at the MS-DOS prompt: ECHO set deldir=directory ECHO Press Control-C to terminate if you have forgotten ECHO to set deldir or if deldir does not exist. PAUSE COPY %1 %deldir% DEL %1 DIR /W %deldir% ECHO You are finished To get MYDEL.BAT to work you've got to create a directory named deleted. The following command sets the directory name to deleted: set deldir=\deleted To move the file CONFIG.BAK to the directory deleted, type the following command: mydel config.bak The batch file replace automatically the %deldir% paramtere with the directory called deleted. Many users think named parameters are easier to use than replaceable. This is because you don't have to include so much information at the prompt. For example you don't need to type the directory name at the prompt, but you kan still change the directory name without editing the batch file. How to run a batch file ----------------------- To run the batch file SORTER.BAT type the name of the batch file followed by the parameters you want MS-DOS to use as replacements for %1, %2 and %3. If you register this book "RUN BATCH RUN" you will receive included a disk containing files to use in this tutorial. The file contains a list of customers and capitals. The file looks like this: ------------------------- Adamsen, John London Olsen, Gerd Copenhagen Kvaaler, Trygve Oslo Fredriksen, Peder Copenhagen Hansen, Ivar Oslo Dyrhaug, Arild Oslo Bye, Eric New York Howard James Tyler Los Angles Singh, Kushwant New Delhi Antin, Jean Christian Paris Stang, Friedrich Berlin Havel, Vaclav Prague Holmquist, Lasse Stockholm If you need an alphabetically list of customers in Oslo you can run SORTER.BAT, with the right parameters, and type the following command and press ENTER: sorter Oslo a:\custom.tut temp.fil The outprint will look like this: Kvaaler. Trygve Oslo Hansen, Ivar Oslo Dyrhaug, Arild Oslo Below you'll find a table showing how MS-DOS replace each parameter in the example above: Batch filnavnet (%0) sorter Parameter1 (%1) Oslo Parameter2 (%2) A:\KUNDER.TUT Parameter3 (%3) temp.fil The result would have been the same if you had written the commands in SORTER with parameters as below: type a:\kunder.tut | find "Oslo" > temp.fil type temp.fil | sort > prn del temp.fil MS-DOS batch processes save your time and are easy to use. Appendix 3: =========== About the author ================ WHO IS FINN ROAAS? Finn Roaas (born 1948) lives in Oslo. He is a novelist and writer and has written both novels, short stories and computer books One of the books is a tutorial in batch file programming. He is a Senior Executive Officer, systemoperator, adminstrator and teacher in computing at the School of Computing, which is a department OF the academic center OPPLÆRINGSSENTERET in Oslo municipality. He has a Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of Oslo. HOW TO REGISTER YOUR RUN BATCH RUN BOOK ======================================= The Run Batch Run is changing all the time. It's dynamic. The book will be changed and altered when the author gets new things he finds interesting and wants to share with other users. If you have got ideas, intersting programs please send me a note or an email to finnr@oslonett.no. Your registration will support the research of this book, which is something a do in my leisure time. When I tired of writing and teaching and just want to relax with a glass of wine, I work with the Run Batch Run book. It takes my mind to something different, I need problems to keep me occupied. Your registration will support the research of new material and what it costs to maintain this book. You can register your current copy, or subscribe for six updates. Details are given below. ============================================================================== Please remit to: Finn Roaas Ole Reistads vei 39 D N-1068 Oslo Norway (Europe) Please add me as a supporter of THE RUN BATCH RUN BOOK: Name ______________________________________________________________ Company ______________________________________________________________ Address ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ City ________________________________State _______ Zip ____________ Country ________________________________ Email address ______________________________________________________ Please mark off your selections with (x) below: Basic registration for individuals: ----------------------------------- ( ) NOK 100.00 For payment (ca.US$ 12.00) A Companion disk is included first time you register! 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Amount ____________________ Date _______________ ( ) Check or money order payable to Finn Roaas in U.S. funds enclosed ( ) SWIFT transfer to 6065.56.31588 (Kredittkassen, Norway) ( ) SWIFT transfer to 0521 1589665 Postbanken, Norway ( ) VISA ( ) MasterCard ( ) American Express ( ) Diners Club Credit card number __________________________________ Exp date _______ Note: You should not send your credit card number by email, unless the data is sent in PGP encrypted form. For information about how to do this, read the instruction at the end of this book. Discounts for schools and public libraries ------------------------------------------ Special rates available for schools and public libraries. For details, send a message to finnr@oslonett.no ( ) Please identify what type of discount you are taking advantage of: Ref: ______________ Description: ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ Note: You should not send your credit card number by email, unless the data is sent in PGP encrypted form. For information about how to do this, read the instruction at the end of this Note: All credit card orders given in US$ will be converted to NOK using the current exchange rate. My local card companies require charges to be made in Norwegian currency. Then, the amount will be converted to your local currency by your card operator at their exchange rate prevailing at the time of transaction. Feedback -------- If you already have an evaluation copy of the book, where did you get it? ________________________________________________ Version number: ____ Comments or suggestions for improvement of The Run Batch Run book __________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ Date ___________________ Signature _________________________________ ┌───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ T H A N K Y O U F O R S U P P O R T I N G S H A R E W A R E │ └───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘ How to send your registration using PGP encryption -------------------------------------------------- To use this method, you must have a copy of the freeware program PGP (Pretty Good Privacy) by Philip Zimmermann. It is available for MS-DOS, VAX/VMS, Unix, and other computers. Various versions of this program can be retrieved from online services all over the world. If you have access to the Internet, use Archie to locate a recent version. I am currently using version 2.6. You can get a copy from the following Web address: Follow these steps to encrypt your registration form (you may be able to do this _without_ reading the documentation): Step 1 ------ Store your completed registration form on your disk using the file name ORDER.FRM. Cut out the text below, and store it using the file name ONLINE.ASC. *-----BEGIN PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK----- Version: 2.3a mQBNAi0jCjcAAAECAKBK1u0JZHZSEh50P3TdgSApuZCEWQh2Nsxw1pYrC4bgy/md bAN3UFrkgwShtnpPIjm+GcXFBiKpZ5kDuT9T9x0ABRG0FW9wcmVzbm9AZXh0ZXJu LnVpby5ubw== =AXgT *-----END PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK----- Remove the asterisk ()* character at the beginning of the first and last lines of the PGP Public Key before adding it to your keyring. For example, the line *-----BEGIN PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK----- should be changed to -----BEGIN PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK----- Do the same with the last line. Step 2 ------ Add ONLINE.ASC to your public keyring using the command: pgp -ka online.asc Step 3 ------ Encrypt ORDER.FRM using the command pgp -ea order.frm finnr@oslonett.no The resulting file will be called ORDER.ASC. Step 4 ------ Send ORDER.ASC by email to finnr@oslonett.no. ┌───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ T H A N K Y O U F O R S U P P O R T I N G S H A R E W A R E │ └───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘ 950801FR