home
***
CD-ROM
|
disk
|
FTP
|
other
***
search
/
The Best of the Bureau
/
The_Best_of_the_Bureau_Bureau_Development_Inc._1992.iso
/
dp
/
0024
/
00245.txt
< prev
next >
Wrap
Text File
|
1992-08-07
|
32KB
|
591 lines
$Unique_ID{bob00245}
$Pretitle{}
$Title{Indonesia
Manpower and Employment}
$Subtitle{}
$Author{Department of Information Republic of Indonesia}
$Affiliation{Embassy of Indonesia, Washington DC}
$Subject{transmigration
areas
development
housing
land
year
workers
employment
number
repelita}
$Date{1990}
$Log{}
Title: Indonesia
Book: Indonesia 1990 an Official Handbook
Author: Department of Information Republic of Indonesia
Affiliation: Embassy of Indonesia, Washington DC
Date: 1990
Manpower and Employment
The Guidelines of State Policy stipulates that manpower development as
part of human resources development is designed to raise the human status,
dignity and capability as well as self-confidence. Manpower development is a
comprehensive program covering all sectors and regions in order to expand and
disseminate employment opportunities and improve the quality and capability of
labor as well as to protect the labor force.
It is also said that manpower policies, especially on the expansion and
effective employment of the labor force, must be continued with the emphasis
on establishing a balance between agriculture and other sectors, particularly
industry. Improvements should be made in the labor information system, which
covers the supply and demand for manpower. An appropriate mechanism should be
created for the effective employment of manpower in various sectors and
regions. Advantage should be taken of the overseas labor market without
sacrificing the prestige, dignity and reputation of the country and people,
nor the protection of the workers themselves. Special attention should be
paid to the question of a junior work force.
Within the framework of improving the integrated planning of manpower,
the targets pursued to cover:a) expansion of employment opportunities in a
reasonable proportion; b) development and advancement of the work force
especially through education and training; c) promotion of labor productivity
and labor relations inspired by Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution; d)
enhancement of the function of the labor market and; e) decrease of the
population growth rate and improvement of manpower quality.
The annual growth rate of Indonesia's work force based on the 1985
Inter-censal Population Survey stood at 4.0%, which made expansion of
employment opportunities a crucial issue to be dealth with effectively. This
relatively high growth rate has aggravated the labor problems which the
country is currently facing. Since the essence of development is the
development of the Indonesian man of integrity and manpower is one of the
decisive factors for the success of development, and the welfare of man as the
yardstick for his prosperity, the Government continues to play an important
role in the labor market by providing employment services; through organizing
trainings especially vocational trainings, conducted by the government or
private institutions as well as by the employers themselves and by policies to
promote regional development and labor mobility, in order to minimize
unemployment and improve industrial mechanism/relations; and through
legislation relating to health and safety at work.
EMPLOYMENT
During REPELITA IV (1984/85-1988/89), the number of job-seekers tended to
increase annually, except in 1985/86. In 1988/89 the number of job seekers was
1,646,616 being an increase of 7.1 per cent as compared to that in 1987/88.
The number of job seekers during fiscal year 1984/85 to 1988/89 was
consecutively 1,102,365, 866,778, 1,338,895, 1,537,167, 1,646,616. In 1988/89
the demand of workers reached 184,428 occupations which is an increase of 1.3%
as compared to the number in 1987/88, it means that during REPELITA IV the
demand of workers rose by 8.4 per cent per annum, while the number of
job-seekers who have been placed during REPELITA IV was consecutively
73,188, 82,505, 118,695, 136,328, 122,692 and in 1988/89 the number of
job-seekers who gained placement was only 66.5 per cent of the total of
job-seekers.
The number of the Indonesian work force in 1988 was estimated at
72,175,367 made of 40,507,367 (56.1%) working in the agricultural sector;
5,996,467 (8.3%) in the industrial sector, 10,289,608 (14.3%) in the
commercial sector; 11,205,045 (15.5%) in public services and 4,176,880 (5.8%)
in other sectors.
Meanwhile, the number of job seekers employed through the interregional
employment scheme in fiscal year 1988/89 was 13,989 or a rise of 1,723 persons
compared to that of fiscal year 1987/88, while those placed through the local
employment scheme was 122,692 or a decline by 13,636 compared to that of
fiscal year 1987/88.
MODIFIED LABOR-INTENSIVE PROJECTS (PKGB)
The Modified Labor-Intensive Projects (PKGB) are designed to provide
employment to the unemployed and semi-unemployed in the poor and densely
populated areas by giving priority to areas with limited natural resources,
and poor economies. Particularly in the rural areas the implementation of
these PKGB projects is meant to provide additional incomes and to arrest
urbanization.
The implementation of PKGB during fiscal year 1988/89 was carried out in
668 sub-districts, absorbing 94,956 persons. In terms of the number of
sub-districts and persons employed during fiscal year 1987/88 it was
respectively 191 and 33,363 with each worker earning Rp 1,000 per day.
The results achieved through this project during fiscal year 1988/89
covered the improvement/construction of 1,667.6 kilometers of rural roads,
improvement and construction of 154.3 kilometers of tertiary irrigation
channels, opening up of new rice-fields, replanting, terracing, etc. totaling
to 82.9 hectares and the construction of dykes, piers, etc. totalling 53.5
kilometers.
Meanwhile, through the Presidential Instruction second-level regions
development aid project scheme to build public utilities, about 536,198
persons have found employment for 100 working days during fiscal year 1988/89.
In addition, under the reafforestation and replanting programs and
expanding of employment opportunities, more than 5 thousand persons have been
working for 100 days in fiscal year 1988/89 under the reafforestation program
covering 12,919.0 hectares and 54,501.0 hectares under the regreening program.
VOLUNTARY SERVICE PROGRAM
The Voluntary Service Scheme (BUTSI) and on-the-job training scheme (KKN)
which envisage the mobilization of university graduates and under-graduates,
in particular the younger generation to become pioneers of renovation and
motivators of development have continuously been encouraged. The placement of
these educated volunteers in the rural areas is not only to foster their
individual creative power, personality, idealism, discipline and skill but
also to assist development implementation in the rural areas through their
involvement in the planning of development at sub-district level.
By the end REPELITA IV period (1988/89) the pattern of the Voluntary
Service Scheme (BUTSI) was changed into the pattern for the guidance of
skilled workers (BKTKT) with a view to the workers interested through
fostering creative power, positive attitude and making motivation and skill
growing steadily. The pattern for the guidance of skilled workers (BKTKT)
intends to create job-opportunities. In fiscal year 1988/89 the number of
BUTSI Volunteers who gained placements under the pattern of guidance of
skilled workers (BKTKT) was 280 in 14 provinces.
During REPELITA IV period implementation of the Voluntary Service Scheme
was only 25.8 per cent involving 35,000 persons, because since 1986/87 up to
1987/88 no mobilization had been undertaken.
FOREIGN WORKERS
Based on Presidential Decision No. 23/1974 a specific policy is pursued
on the employment of immigrant workers which stipulates 3 types of
restrictions:
1. posts prohibited on account of the availability of Indonesia
personnel;
2. posts permitted for a specified time, especi