The Best of the Bureau/The_Best_of_the_Bureau_Bureau_Development_Inc._1992.iso/dp/0024/00241.txt

Text File | 1992-08-07 | 17KB | 331 lines

$Unique_ID{bob00241}
$Pretitle{}
$Title{Indonesia
Agriculture}
$Subtitle{}
$Author{Department of Information Republic of Indonesia}
$Affiliation{Embassy of Indonesia, Washington DC}
$Subject{production
thousand
tons
development
increase
hectares
intensification
per
cent
efforts
see
tables
}
$Date{1990}
$Log{See Table 13.*0024101.tab
See Table 14.*0024102.tab
See Table 15.*0024103.tab
See Table 16.*0024104.tab
See Table 17.*0024105.tab
See Table 18.*0024106.tab
See Table 19.*0024107.tab
}
Title:       Indonesia
Book:        Indonesia 1990 an Official Handbook
Author:      Department of Information Republic of Indonesia
Affiliation: Embassy of Indonesia, Washington DC
Date:        1990

Agriculture

     In line with the 1988 Guidelines of State Policy, Indonesia's economic
development puts emphasis on the agricultural sector to reinforce
self-sufficiency in food-stuffs. The development of the agricultural sector is
also designed to promote the growth of advance, efficient and viable
agriculture, so that it can support the change of economic structure to a
more-balancing proportion. Thus, the development of the agricultural sector
aims at not only supporting economic growth, but also sustaining industrial
growth. It also aims at augmenting the yields and quality of production in
order to meet the need of foods and raw materials for industries, boost
exports, improve income of farmers, expand employment and business
opportunities, and also support regional development and transmigration
program.

     Agricultural development, which includes production of food and
commercial crops (estate), fisheries, cattle and poultry breeding and
farming, and forestry, is implemented in an integrated-and-proportionate way,
having due regard for the soil, water and climatic conditions with a view to
the preservation of natural resources and the living environment. The process
of diversification, intensification, extensification and rehabilitation takes
place with full consideration for the preservation of the living environment
as well.

     For the Fifth Five-Year Development Plan period (1989/90-1993/94) the
agricultural sector is expected to grow to an annual average of 3.6 per cent,
with the annual production increase rate of rice averaging 3.2 per cent. In
the meantime, the share of the agricultural sector in the national production
is estimated to decline from 23.2% in 1988 to 21.6% by 1993, leading towards a
more even balance between the agricultural sector and industrial sector which
contributes 16.9 per cent.

RICE PRODUCTION

     It is the policy of the Government to augment production of rice in
particular and food production in general through diversification,
intensification and rehabilitation efforts in the context of establishing and
eventually maintaining self-sufficiency in food. Increasing production is done
by improving post-harvest processes, establishing appropriate price policies
for both farmers and consumers, promoting and applying appropriate technology,
creating and matching facilities with the infrastructure, as well as improving
farm management and expanding the arable land.

     Extensification has been exercised by opening up new farmland where
irrigation is possible, on arid land, swampy land, ebbtide land and in
transmigration areas, while rehabilitation efforts are adapted on critical
land to recover and preserve its fertility. Meanwhile, intensification efforts
have also been sustained by research measures, construction and training in
agricultural techniques.

     Production of rice tends to increase from year to year. In 1988,
production of paddy rose 4.2 per cent to 41,769 thousand tons from 40,078 tons
in the previous year. As to maintaining self-sufficiency in rice, the island
of Java accounted for about 61 per cent and outside Java 39 per cent of the
total production. This was chiefly due to the average increase of paddy
harvest per hectare from 4.04 tons in 1987 to 4.14 tons in 1988, or a rice of
2.5 per cent.

     At the same time, the harvest area in the intensification scheme
increased by 1 per cent to 8,114 thousand hectares in 1988 from 8,035
thousand hectares in 1987. The harvest area throughout Indonesia totalled
10,090 thousand hectares in 1988 compared with 9,923 thousand hectares in the
previous year.

[See Table 13.: Development of Paddy Production, 1984-1988 in thousand tons]

SECOND CROPS AND HORTICULTURE

     Increasing second crops and horticultural production is continuously
pursued to meet the need for domestic consumption, to raise exports and at the
same time elevate the farmer's income.

     Production increase of second crops and horticulture has been pursued by
way of crops diversification, intensification and extensification.
Intensification is carried out in the rain-fed areas with a view to the
conservation effort of soil and water and replanting. Diversification is more
focussed on the irrigated areas, and extensification is connected with the
transmigration program on the sparsely-populated areas.

     As the result of these efforts in 1988 the production of second crops
and horticulture noted a modest increase.

     The production of corn scored the highest increase of 32 per cent, from
5,155 thousand tons in 1987 to 6,806 thousand tons in 1988. That of soybeans
rose by 8.0 per cent, cassava 6.4 per cent, peanuts 6.0 per cent and sweet
potatoes 2.6 per cent.

     The production of vegetables also rose by 18.8 per cent, from 4,456
thousand tons in 1987 to 5,293 thousand tons in 1988, and fruits by 30.4 per
cent, from 5,098 thousand tons in 1987 to 6,648 thousand tons in 1988.

[See Table 14.: Production and Average Yield of Several Second Crops, 1984 -
1988]

ANIMAL HUSBANDRY

     The development of animal husbandry has been implemented through efforts
of intensification, diversification and extensification. Intensification
efforts put more emphasis on the increase of productivity, promotion of
management development of organization and the marketing of smallholders'
animal husbandry. Intensification of cattle has been implemented through
activities relating to the safety, promotion, artificial insemination, and
the control of the slaughter of productive cows. Efforts in extensification
and diversification have been pursued through importing cattle of good breed
and distributing them to transmigration areas, and applying artificial
insemination.

     In 1988, developmental activities of animal husbandry were focused on
mass endeavors to prevent livestock from an eradicate diseases by vaccination,
theraphy and diagnose.

     As the result of these efforts livestock population in 1988 showed an
increase, except for the population of buffaloes which remained the same, and
the population of ducks which declined by 3.2%. The highest increase was
scored by milchcows (11.6%) and broilers (8%).

     In the meantime, the production of meat, eggs and milk rose by 3.7%, 3.1%
and 11.5% respectively in 1988 compared to that of 1987.

     Efforts to multiply the production of livestock have been carried out by
improving skills in artificial insemination and vaccinating techniques. The
number of skilled workers on artificial insemination grew from 2,695 in 1987
to 2,749 in 1988, and that of skilled workers in vaccinating livestock did not
change, it remained 5,652.

[See Table 15.: Production of Meat, Eggs and Milk, 1984-1988, in thousand tons]

     During the period 1984-1988 the export of livestock commodities indicated
an encouraging tendency both in terms of volume and type. When in the early
years of REPELITA IV the export of livestock commodities consisted of hides
and bones only, since 1987 chicken and pig have been on the list. Except of
ox-hide, the export of hide in general declined in 1988 due to the increase of
domestic consumption. The exports of bones and horns registered a modest
increase of 23.1% compared to that of 1987.

FISHERY

     The development in the field of fishery has also been carried out