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HIV/AIDS Surveillance Report
Thursday October 29, 1992
Suggested Citation:
Centers for Disease Control. HIV/AIDS Surveillance Report, October, 1992
Report Description
The U.S. AIDS case data presented below are extracted from the "HIV/AIDS
Surveillance Report", published each quarter by the Division of HIV/AIDS,
Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA 30333
In addition to the data presented here, the printed report contains maps,
figures, and technical notes. Single copies of the printed report are
available free from:
CDC National AIDS Clearinghouse
P.O. Box 6003
Rockville, MD 20849-6003
Table 1. AIDS cases and annual incidence rates per 100,000 population,
by state, reported October 1990 through September 1991, October 1991
through September 1992; and cumulative totals, by state and age group,
through September 1992
Oct. 1990- Oct. 1991-
Sept 1991 Sept 1992
STATE OF RESIDENCE No. Rate No. Rate
Alabama 310 7.6 462 11.4
Alaska 17 3.0 17 2.9
Arizona 242 6.4 410 10.6
Arkansas 187 7.9 235 9.9
California 7,539 24.8 8,386 27.1
Colorado 422 12.7 418 12.4
Connecticut 520 15.7 541 16.3
Delaware 79 11.7 131 19.2
District of Columbia 699 115.8 701 116.7
Florida 4,993 37.7 5,038 37.1
Georgia 1,415 21.5 1,307 19.6
Hawaii 164 14.6 176 15.5
Idaho 27 2.7 36 3.5
Illinois 1,412 12.4 1,839 16.1
Indiana 273 4.9 376 6.8
Iowa 97 3.5 85 3.1
Kansas 91 3.7 189 7.6
Kentucky 174 4.7 207 5.6
Louisiana 711 16.8 768 18.2
Maine 54 4.4 50 4.0
Maryland 926 19.1 1,100 22.5
Massachusetts 955 15.8 776 12.8
Michigan 545 5.9 766 8.2
Minnesota 208 4.7 237 5.3
Mississippi 193 7.5 231 8.9
Missouri 600 11.7 651 12.6
Montana 30 3.7 22 2.7
Nebraska 56 3.5 68 4.3
Nevada 243 19.6 237 18.5
New Hampshire 48 4.3 46 4.0
New Jersey 2,300 29.6 2,063 26.4
New Mexico 122 7.9 90 5.8
New York 8,076 44.8 8,283 45.8
North Carolina 521 7.8 647 9.5
North Dakota 5 0.8 8 1.3
Ohio 632 5.8 649 6.0
Oklahoma 201 6.4 226 7.1
Oregon 302 10.5 283 9.8
Pennsylvania 1,164 9.8 1,345 11.3
Rhode Island 87 8.6 102 10.1
South Carolina 297 8.4 339 9.5
South Dakota 9 1.3 7 1.0
Tennessee 315 6.4 446 9.0
Texas 3,098 17.9 2,957 16.9
Utah 101 5.8 146 8.2
Vermont 24 4.2 26 4.5
Virginia 698 11.1 609 9.6
Washington 574 11.6 567 11.3
West Virginia 48 2.7 60 3.4
Wisconsin 192 3.9 224 4.5
Wyoming 17 3.8 4 0.9
U.S. TOTAL 42,013 16.7 44,587 17.6
Guam 2 1.5 1 0.7
Pacific Islands, U.S. - 0.0 - 0.0
Puerto Rico 1,777 50.0 1,817 50.7
Virgin Islands, U.S. 14 13.7 18 18.8
TOTAL 43,806 17.2 46,423 18.0
Table 1. AIDS cases and annual incidence rates per 100,000 population,
by state, reported October 1990 through September 1991, October 1991
through September 1992; and cumulative totals, by state and age group,
through September 1992 (Continued)
Cumulative totals
Adults/ Children
STATE OF RESIDENCE adolescents <13 years old Total
Alabama 1,570 37 1,607
Alaska 128 3 131
Arizona 1,872 12 1,884
Arkansas 822 15 837
California 44,635 300 44,935
Colorado 2,329 16 2,345
Connecticut 2,749 81 2,830
Delaware 495 6 501
District of Columbia 3,882 56 3,938
Florida 22,619 609 23,228
Georgia 6,684 71 6,755
Hawaii 930 7 937
Idaho 132 2 134
Illinois 7,540 114 7,654
Indiana 1,622 13 1,635
Iowa 383 3 386
Kansas 699 4 703
Kentucky 833 12 845
Louisiana 3,585 59 3,644
Maine 303 2 305
Maryland 4,887 109 4,996
Massachusetts 4,757 100 4,857
Michigan 3,140 56 3,196
Minnesota 1,207 11 1,218
Mississippi 1,024 20 1,044
Missouri 2,958 28 2,986
Montana 100 1 101
Nebraska 292 2 294
Nevada 1,047 11 1,058
New Hampshire 268 5 273
New Jersey 13,785 388 14,173
New Mexico 525 2 527
New York 48,057 1,097 49,154
North Carolina 2,688 63 2,751
North Dakota 32 - 32
Ohio 3,407 51 3,458
Oklahoma 1,079 15 1,094
Oregon 1,504 8 1,512
Pennsylvania 6,577 104 6,681
Rhode Island 538 9 547
South Carolina 1,619 30 1,649
South Dakota 34 1 35
Tennessee 1,777 20 1,797
Texas 16,534 175 16,709
Utah 555 15 570
Vermont 116 2 118
Virginia 3,150 62 3,212
Washington 3,252 16 3,268
West Virginia 281 4 285
Wisconsin 1,012 11 1,023
Wyoming 55 - 55
U.S. TOTAL 230,069 3,838 233,907
Guam 11 - 11
Pacific Islands, U.S. 2 - 2
Puerto Rico 7,909 208 8,117
Virgin Islands, U.S. 104 5 109
TOTAL 238,095 4,051 242,146
Table 2. AIDS cases and annual incidence rates per 100,000 population,
by metropolitan area with 500,000 or more population, reported
October 1990 through September 1991, October 1991 through September 1992;
and cumulative totals, by area and age group, through September 1992
Oct. 1990- Oct. 1991-
METROPOLITAN Sept 1991 Sept 1992
AREA OF RESIDENCE No. Rate No. Rate
Akron, Ohio 30 4.6 36 5.5
Albany-Schenectady, N.Y. 86 9.8 112 12.7
Allentown, Pa. 38 5.5 35 5.0
Anaheim, Calif. 309 12.6 567 22.6
Atlanta, Ga. 1,082 37.3 918 30.9
Austin, Tex. 205 25.4 224 27.0
Bakersfield, Calif. 56 10.0 51 8.9
Baltimore, Md. 561 23.4 672 27.8
Baton Rouge, La. 66 12.4 93 17.4
Bergen-Passaic, N.J. 248 19.4 262 20.5
Birmingham, Ala. 89 9.8 115 12.6
Boston, Mass. 648 17.1 547 14.4
Bridgeport, Conn. 141 17.0 157 18.9
Buffalo, N.Y. 95 9.9 63 6.6
Charleston, S.C. 59 11.5 65 12.4
Charlotte, N.C. 74 6.3 119 9.9
Chicago, Ill. 1,139 18.8 1,522 25.1
Cincinnati, Ohio 99 6.8 108 7.4
Cleveland, Ohio 186 10.2 172 9.5
Columbus, Ohio 119 8.6 149 10.6
Dallas, Tex. 681 26.1 763 28.5
Dayton, Ohio 67 7.0 62 6.5
Denver, Colo. 360 21.9 336 20.2
Detroit, Mich. 376 8.6 592 13.6
El Paso, Tex. 43 7.1 46 7.5
Fort Lauderdale, Fla. 866 67.7 855 65.6
Fort Worth, Tex. 201 14.7 158 11.3
Fresno, Calif. 61 8.9 96 13.8
Gary, Ind. 28 4.7 49 8.2
Grand Rapids, Mich. 37 5.3 35 5.0
Greensboro, N.C. 89 9.4 119 12.4
Greenville, S.C. 41 6.3 55 8.4
Harrisburg, Pa. 42 7.1 46 7.7
Hartford, Conn. 165 14.6 168 14.8
Honolulu, Hawaii 117 13.9 124 14.6
Houston, Tex. 1,285 38.3 1,039 30.4
Indianapolis, Ind. 127 10.1 160 12.6
Jacksonville, Fla. 236 25.5 332 35.2
Jersey City, N.J. 405 73.3 314 56.9
Kansas City, Mo. 212 13.4 313 19.7
Knoxville, Tenn. 28 4.6 38 6.2
Lake County, Ill. 34 6.5 29 5.5
Las Vegas, Nev. 182 23.7 178 22.3
Little Rock, Ark. 70 13.5 81 15.6
Los Angeles, Calif. 2,693 29.9 3,007 32.9
Louisville, Ky. 70 7.4 90 9.5
Memphis, Tenn. 96 9.7 171 17.2
Miami, Fla. 1,775 90.2 1,323 66.2
Middlesex, N.J. 197 19.1 216 20.6
Milwaukee, Wis. 85 5.9 127 8.8
Minneapolis-Saint Paul, Minn. 176 7.0 204 8.1
Monmouth-Ocean City, N.J. 184 18.4 113 11.1
Nashville, Tenn. 114 11.4 128 12.6
Nassau-Suffolk, N.Y. 345 13.2 372 14.3
New Bedford, Mass. 73 14.3 45 8.8
New Haven, Conn. 181 22.4 164 20.2
New Orleans, La. 425 34.4 422 34.2
New York, N.Y. 6,902 80.5 7,195 83.7
Newark, N.J. 891 49.0 837 46.2
Norfolk, Va. 174 12.3 104 7.2
Oakland, Calif. 422 20.0 570 26.5
Oklahoma City, Okla. 97 10.0 114 11.7
Omaha, Neb. 42 6.8 49 7.8
Orlando, Fla. 365 32.9 304 26.5
Oxnard-Ventura, Calif. 37 5.4 71 10.2
Philadelphia, Pa. 904 18.6 1,002 20.5
Phoenix, Ariz. 185 8.5 289 12.9
Pittsburgh, Pa. 113 5.5 144 7.1
Portland, Oreg. 239 19.1 229 18.1
Providence, R.I. 83 9.0 96 10.4
Raleigh-Durham, N.C. 107 14.2 117 15.2
Richmond, Va. 127 14.5 141 15.9
Riverside-San Bernardino, Calif. 356 13.2 432 15.5
Rochester, N.Y. 98 9.7 76 7.5
Sacramento, Calif. 199 13.1 296 19.0
Saint Louis, Mo. 333 13.6 290 11.8
Salt Lake City, Utah 89 8.2 129 11.7
San Antonio, Tex. 214 16.1 213 15.8
San Diego, Calif. 598 23.3 641 24.4
San Francisco, Calif. 2,070 128.2 1,920 118.0
San Jose, Calif. 162 10.7 182 11.8
San Juan, P.R. 1,116 65.4 1,053 61.0
Scranton, Pa. 39 5.3 44 6.0
Seattle, Wash. 393 19.6 415 20.3
Springfield, Mass. 103 17.0 93 15.3
Stockton, Calif. 54 10.9 36 7.1
Syracuse, N.Y. 41 6.2 65 9.8
Tacoma, Wash. 54 9.1 36 5.9
Tampa-Saint Petersburg, Fla. 470 22.2 541 25.1
Toledo, Ohio 35 5.7 31 5.1
Tucson, Ariz. 40 5.9 95 13.7
Tulsa, Okla. 59 8.3 69 9.6
Washington, D.C. 1,259 31.5 1,306 32.2
West Palm Beach, Fla. 358 40.1 532 57.8
Wilmington, Del. 61 10.4 109 18.5
Worcester, Mass. 80 11.2 50 6.9
METROPOLITAN AREAS WITH
500,000 OR MORE POPULATION 36,466 24.4 38,273 25.4
METROPOLITAN AREAS WITH
50,000 TO 500,000 POPULATION 4,605 9.5 4,976 10.1
NON-METROPOLITAN AREAS 2,564 4.5 2,980 5.2
TOTAL* 43,806 17.2 46,423 18.0
* Totals include 846 patients whose area of residence is unknown.
Table 2. AIDS cases and annual incidence rates per 100,000 population,
by metropolitan area with 500,000 or more population, reported
October 1990 through September 1991, October 1991 through September 1992;
and cumulative totals, by area and age group, through September 1992
(Continued)
Cumulative totals
METROPOLITAN Adults/ Children
AREA OF RESIDENCE adolescents <13 years old Total
Akron, Ohio 168 - 168
Albany-Schenectady, N.Y. 495 11 506
Allentown, Pa. 218 6 224
Anaheim, Calif. 2,127 15 2,142
Atlanta, Ga. 5,048 37 5,085
Austin, Tex. 1,092 12 1,104
Bakersfield, Calif. 206 2 208
Baltimore, Md. 2,954 84 3,038
Baton Rouge, La. 338 4 342
Bergen-Passaic, N.J. 1,751 42 1,793
Birmingham, Ala. 468 8 476
Boston, Mass. 3,585 72 3,657
Bridgeport, Conn. 803 25 828
Buffalo, N.Y. 396 3 399
Charleston, S.C. 349 3 352
Charlotte, N.C. 504 9 513
Chicago, Ill. 6,280 94 6,374
Cincinnati, Ohio 533 9 542
Cleveland, Ohio 890 15 905
Columbus, Ohio 739 6 745
Dallas, Tex. 4,054 24 4,078
Dayton, Ohio 341 7 348
Denver, Colo. 1,912 11 1,923
Detroit, Mich. 2,252 40 2,292
El Paso, Tex. 187 1 188
Fort Lauderdale, Fla. 3,995 87 4,082
Fort Worth, Tex. 943 12 955
Fresno, Calif. 334 2 336
Gary, Ind. 164 1 165
Grand Rapids, Mich. 163 2 165
Greensboro, N.C. 446 11 457
Greenville, S.C. 219 - 219
Harrisburg, Pa. 236 5 241
Hartford, Conn. 837 16 853
Honolulu, Hawaii 692 4 696
Houston, Tex. 6,705 69 6,774
Indianapolis, Ind. 747 4 751
Jacksonville, Fla. 1,239 42 1,281
Jersey City, N.J. 2,317 67 2,384
Kansas City, Mo. 1,464 6 1,470
Knoxville, Tenn. 170 1 171
Lake County, Ill. 133 3 136
Las Vegas, Nev. 778 11 789
Little Rock, Ark. 315 7 322
Los Angeles, Calif. 15,852 130 15,982
Louisville, Ky. 348 6 354
Memphis, Tenn. 594 6 600
Miami, Fla. 6,919 215 7,134
Middlesex, N.J. 1,164 28 1,192
Milwaukee, Wis. 557 7 564
Minneapolis-Saint Paul, Minn. 1,067 8 1,075
Monmouth-Ocean City, N.J. 894 31 925
Nashville, Tenn. 577 9 586
Nassau-Suffolk, N.Y. 2,214 54 2,268
New Bedford, Mass. 252 5 257
New Haven, Conn. 885 38 923
New Orleans, La. 2,193 33 2,226
New York, N.Y. 41,750 987 42,737
Newark, N.J. 5,681 173 5,854
Norfolk, Va. 676 17 693
Oakland, Calif. 2,939 21 2,960
Oklahoma City, Okla. 547 1 548
Omaha, Neb. 205 1 206
Orlando, Fla. 1,341 20 1,361
Oxnard-Ventura, Calif. 245 - 245
Philadelphia, Pa. 4,969 74 5,043
Phoenix, Ariz. 1,368 8 1,376
Pittsburgh, Pa. 775 4 779
Portland, Oreg. 1,186 5 1,191
Providence, R.I. 507 8 515
Raleigh-Durham, N.C. 559 13 572
Richmond, Va. 623 12 635
Riverside-San Bernardino, Calif. 1,695 23 1,718
Rochester, N.Y. 496 7 503
Sacramento, Calif. 1,087 13 1,100
Saint Louis, Mo. 1,378 20 1,398
Salt Lake City, Utah 490 11 501
San Antonio, Tex. 1,168 12 1,180
San Diego, Calif. 3,442 23 3,465
San Francisco, Calif. 12,864 22 12,886
San Jose, Calif. 1,016 8 1,024
San Juan, P.R. 4,872 130 5,002
Scranton, Pa. 196 4 200
Seattle, Wash. 2,437 10 2,447
Springfield, Mass. 364 15 379
Stockton, Calif. 197 8 205
Syracuse, N.Y. 250 6 256
Tacoma, Wash. 219 6 225
Tampa-Saint Petersburg, Fla. 2,392 46 2,438
Toledo, Ohio 180 3 183
Tucson, Ariz. 366 3 369
Tulsa, Okla. 312 5 317
Washington, D.C. 6,775 92 6,867
West Palm Beach, Fla. 2,150 93 2,243
Wilmington, Del. 408 5 413
Worcester, Mass. 276 4 280
METROPOLITAN AREAS WITH
500,000 OR MORE POPULATION 201,504 3,373 204,877
METROPOLITAN AREAS WITH
50,000 TO 500,000 POPULATION 22,686 396 23,082
NON-METROPOLITAN AREAS 13,078 263 13,341
TOTAL* 238,095 4,051 242,146
* Totals include 846 patients whose area of residence is unknown.
Table 3. AIDS cases by age group, exposure category, and sex,
reported October 1990 through September 1991, October 1991 through
September 1992; and cumulative totals, by age group and exposure
category, through September 1992, United States
Males
Oct. 1990- Oct. 1991-
ADULT/ADOLESCENT Sept 1991 Sept 1992
EXPOSURE CATEGORY No. (%) No. (%)
Men who have sex with men 23,555 (62) 23,745 (60)
Injecting drug use 8,083 (21) 8,517 (22)
Men who have sex with men
and inject drugs 2,492 (7) 2,324 (6)
Hemophilia/coagulation disorder 295 (1) 324 (1)
Heterosexual contact: 1,215 (3) 1,587 (4)
Sex with injecting drug user 531 703
Sex with bisexual male - -
Sex with person with hemophilia 4 3
Born in Pattern-II* country 311 281
Sex with person born in
Pattern-II country 22 11
Sex with transfusion recipient
with HIV infection 30 18
Sex with person with HIV
infection, risk not specified 317 571
Receipt of blood transfusion,
blood components, or tissue** 451 (1) 401 (1)
Other/undetermined*** 1,646 (4) 2,666 (7)
Adult/adolescent subtotal 37,737 (100) 39,564 (100)
PEDIATRIC (<13 years old)
EXPOSURE CATEGORY
Hemophilia/coagulation disorder 25 (7) 23 (6)
Mother with/at risk for HIV
infection: 330 (86) 319 (86)
Injecting drug use 152 113
Sex with injecting drug user 63 53
Sex with bisexual male 4 7
Sex with person with hemophilia 2 5
Born in Pattern-II country 22 18
Sex with person born
in Pattern-II country - 3
Sex with transfusion recipient
with HIV infection - 1
Sex with person with HIV
infection, risk not specified 22 26
Receipt of blood transfusion,
blood components, or tissue 7 11
Has HIV infection, risk not
specified 58 82
Receipt of blood transfusion,
blood components, or tissue 22 (6) 13 (4)
Other/undetermined 7 (2) 14 (4)
Pediatric subtotal 384 (100) 369 (100)
TOTAL 38,121 39,933
* See technical notes (available only in the printed version of this report)
** Nineteen adults/adolescents and 2 children developed AIDS after receiving
blood screened negative for HIV antibody. Five additional adults develope
AIDS after receiving tissue or organs from HIV-infected donors. Two of th
5 received tissue or organs from a donor who was negative for HIV antibody
at the time of donation.
*** "Other" refers to 7 health-care workers who developed AIDS after occupa-
tional exposure to HIV-infected blood, as documented by evidence of
seroconversion; and to 2 patients who developed AIDS after exposure to HIV
within the health-care setting, as documented by laboratory studies.
"Undetermined" refers to patients whose mode of exposure to HIV is unknown
This includes patients under investigation; patients who died, were lost t
follow-up, or refused interview; and patients whose mode of exposure to HI
remains undetermined after investigation.
Table 3. AIDS cases by age group, exposure category, and sex,
reported October 1990 through September 1991, October 1991 through
September 1992; and cumulative totals, by age group and exposure
category, through September 1992, United States (Continued)
Females
Oct. 1990- Oct. 1991-
ADULT/ADOLESCENT Sept 1991 Sept 1992
EXPOSURE CATEGORY No. (%) No. (%)
Men who have sex with men - (0) - (0)
Injecting drug use 2,659 (50) 2,711 (44)
Men who have sex with men
and inject drugs - (0) - (0)
Hemophilia/coagulation disorder 6 (0) 6 (0)
Heterosexual contact: 1,987 (37) 2,435 (40)
Sex with injecting drug user 1,183 1,397
Sex with bisexual male 161 149
Sex with person with hemophilia 20 19
Born in Pattern-II* country 149 166
Sex with person born in
Pattern-II country 27 11
Sex with transfusion recipient
with HIV infection 53 47
Sex with person with HIV
infection, risk not specified 394 646
Receipt of blood transfusion,
blood components, or tissue** 252 (5) 271 (4)
Other/undetermined*** 458 (9) 711 (12)
Adult/adolescent subtotal 5,362 (100) 6,134 (100)
PEDIATRIC (<13 years old)
EXPOSURE CATEGORY
Hemophilia/coagulation disorder 1 (0) - (0)
Mother with/at risk for HIV
infection: 294 (91) 333 (94)
Injecting drug use 124 135
Sex with injecting drug user 65 60
Sex with bisexual male 7 6
Sex with person with hemophilia - 2
Born in Pattern-II country 12 13
Sex with person born
in Pattern-II country 2 2
Sex with transfusion recipient
with HIV infection 1 3
Sex with person with HIV
infection, risk not specified 14 20
Receipt of blood transfusion,
blood components, or tissue 6 10
Has HIV infection, risk not
specified 63 82
Receipt of blood transfusion,
blood components, or tissue 19 (6) 6 (2)
Other/undetermined 9 (3) 17 (5)
Pediatric subtotal 323 (100) 356 (100)
TOTAL 5,685 6,490
* See technical notes (available only in the printed version of this report)
** Nineteen adults/adolescents and 2 children developed AIDS after receiving
blood screened negative for HIV antibody. Five additional adults develope
AIDS after receiving tissue or organs from HIV-infected donors. Two of th
5 received tissue or organs from a donor who was negative for HIV antibody
at the time of donation.
*** "Other" refers to 7 health-care workers who developed AIDS after occupa-
tional exposure to HIV-infected blood, as documented by evidence of
seroconversion; and to 2 patients who developed AIDS after exposure to HIV
within the health-care setting, as documented by laboratory studies.
"Undetermined" refers to patients whose mode of exposure to HIV is unknown
This includes patients under investigation; patients who died, were lost t
follow-up, or refused interview; and patients whose mode of exposure to HI
remains undetermined after investigation.
Table 3. AIDS cases by age group, exposure category, and sex,
reported October 1990 through September 1991, October 1991 through
September 1992; and cumulative totals, by age group and exposure
category, through September 1992, United States (Continued)
Totals
Oct. 1990- Oct. 1991- Cumulative
ADULT/ADOLESCENT Sept 1991 Sept 1992 Total****
EXPOSURE CATEGORY No. (%) No. (%) No. (%)
Men who have sex with men 23,555 (55) 23,745 (52) 136,912 (58)
Injecting drug use 10,742 (25) 11,228 (25) 54,475 (23)
Men who have sex with men
and inject drugs 2,492 (6) 2,324 (5) 15,203 (6)
Hemophilia/coagulation disorder 301 (1) 330 (1) 1,953 (1)
Heterosexual contact: 3,202 (7) 4,022 (9) 15,221 (6)
Sex with injecting drug user 1,714 2,100 8,060
Sex with bisexual male 161 149 789
Sex with person with hemophilia 24 22 122
Born in Pattern-II* country 460 447 2,844
Sex with person born in
Pattern-II country 49 22 195
Sex with transfusion recipient
with HIV infection 83 65 290
Sex with person with HIV
infection, risk not specified 711 1,217 2,921
Receipt of blood transfusion,
blood components, or tissue** 703 (2) 672 (1) 4,833 (2)
Other/undetermined*** 2,104 (5) 3,377 (7) 9,498 (4)
Adult/adolescent subtotal 43,099 (100) 45,698 (100) 238,095 (100)
PEDIATRIC (<13 years old)
EXPOSURE CATEGORY
Hemophilia/coagulation disorder 26 (4) 23 (3) 183 (5)
Mother with/at risk for HIV
infection: 624 (88) 652 (90) 3,480 (86)
Injecting drug use 276 248 1,634
Sex with injecting drug user 128 113 704
Sex with bisexual male 11 13 77
Sex with person with hemophilia 2 7 18
Born in Pattern-II country 34 31 271
Sex with person born
in Pattern-II country 2 5 17
Sex with transfusion recipient
with HIV infection 1 4 17
Sex with person with HIV
infection, risk not specified 36 46 176
Receipt of blood transfusion,
blood components, or tissue 13 21 75
Has HIV infection, risk not
specified 121 164 491
Receipt of blood transfusion,
blood components, or tissue 41 (6) 19 (3) 303 (7)
Other/undetermined 16 (2) 31 (4) 85 (2)
Pediatric subtotal 707 (100) 725 (100) 4,051 (100)
TOTAL 43,806 46,423 242,146
* See technical notes (available only in the printed version of this report
** Nineteen adults/adolescents and 2 children developed AIDS after receiving
blood screened negative for HIV antibody. Five additional adults develop
AIDS after receiving tissue or organs from HIV-infected donors. Two of t
5 received tissue or organs from a donor who was negative for HIV antibod
at the time of donation.
*** "Other" refers to 6 health-care workers who developed AIDS after occupa-
tional exposure to HIV-infected blood, as documented by evidence of
seroconversion; and to 2 patients who developed AIDS after exposure to HI
within the health-care setting, as documented by laboratory studies.
"Undetermined" refers to patients whose mode of exposure to HIV is unknow
This includes patients under investigation; patients who died, were lost
follow-up, or refused interview; and patients whose mode of exposure to H
remains undetermined after investigation.
**** Includes 6 patients known to be infected with human immunodeficiency
virus type 2 (HIV-2).
See "Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 2 Infection in the United States."
O'Brien TR, George JR, Holmberg SD. JAMA, May 27, 1992, Vol. 267, No. 20
pp. 2775-2779.
Table 4. AIDS cases by age group, exposure category, and race/ethnicity,
reported through September 1992, United States
White, not Black, not
ADULT/ADOLESCENT Hispanic Hispanic Hispanic
EXPOSURE CATEGORY No. (%) No. (%) No. (%)
Men who have sex with men 95,317 (75) 24,287 (35) 15,671 (40)
Injecting drug use 11,110 (9) 27,410 (39) 15,704 (40)
Men who have sex with men
and inject drugs 8,666 (7) 4,198 (6) 2,233 (6)
Hemophilia/coagulation disorder 1,592 (1) 160 (0) 161 (0)
Heterosexual contact: 3,172 (3) 9,008 (13) 2,938 (7)
Sex with injecting drug user 1,669 4,275 2,066
Sex with bisexual male 405 268 97
Sex with person with hemophilia 97 15 8
Born in Pattern-II* country 13 2,805 17
Sex with person born in
Pattern-II country 53 127 13
Sex with transfusion recipient
with HIV infection 173 57 55
Sex with person with HIV
infection, risk not specified 762 1,461 682
Receipt of blood transfusion,
blood components, or tissue** 3,295 (3) 876 (1) 549 (1)
Other/undetermined*** 3,329 (3) 3,853 (6) 2,113 (5)
Adult/adolescent subtotal 126,481 (100) 69,792 (100) 39,369 (100)
PEDIATRIC (<13 years old)
EXPOSURE CATEGORY
Hemophilia/coagulation disorder 126 (15) 25 (1) 28 (3)
Mother with/at risk for HIV
infection: 535 (64) 2,050 (94) 868 (88)
Injecting drug use 248 967 409
Sex with injecting drug user 103 320 276
Sex with bisexual male 32 27 17
Sex with person with hemophilia 11 5 2
Born in Pattern-II country 2 266 3
Sex with person born
in Pattern-II country - 15 1
Sex with transfusion recipient
with HIV infection 5 5 7
Sex with person with HIV
infection, risk not specified 37 87 48
Receipt of blood transfusion,
blood components, or tissue 23 33 19
Has HIV infection, risk not
specified 74 325 86
Receipt of blood transfusion,
blood components, or tissue 157 (19) 67 (3) 71 (7)
Other/undetermined 18 (2) 50 (2) 17 (2)
Pediatric subtotal 836 (100) 2,192 (100) 984 (100)
TOTAL 127,317 71,984 40,353
* See technical notes (available only in the printed version of this report)
** Nineteen adults/adolescents and 2 children developed AIDS after receiving
blood screened negative for HIV antibody. Five additional adults develope
AIDS after receiving tissue or organs from HIV-infected donors. Two of th
5 received tissue or organs from a donor who was negative for HIV antibody
at the time of donation.
*** "Other" refers to 7 health-care workers who developed AIDS after occupa-
tional exposure to HIV-infected blood, as documented by evidence of
seroconversion; and to 2 patients who developed AIDS after exposure to HIV
within the health-care setting, as documented by laboratory studies.
"Undetermined" refers to patients whose mode of exposure to HIV is unknown
This includes patients under investigation; patients who died, were lost t
follow-up, or refused interview; and patients whose mode of exposure to HI
remains undetermined after investigation.
Table 4. AIDS cases by age group, exposure category, and race/ethnicity,
reported through September 1992, United States (Continued)
American
Asian/ Indian/
Pacific Alaska
ADULT/ADOLESCENT Islander Native Total****
EXPOSURE CATEGORY No. (%) No. (%) No. (%)
Men who have sex with men 1,112 (74) 222 (55) 136,912 (58)
Injecting drug use 65 (4) 73 (18) 54,475 (23)
Men who have sex with men
and inject drugs 34 (2) 56 (14) 15,203 (6)
Hemophilia/coagulation disorder 23 (2) 9 (2) 1,953 (1)
Heterosexual contact: 59 (4) 15 (4) 15,221 (6)
Sex with injecting drug user 22 11 8,060
Sex with bisexual male 15 2 789
Sex with person with hemophilia 2 - 122
Born in Pattern-II* country 3 - 2,844
Sex with person born in
Pattern-II country 1 - 195
Sex with transfusion recipient
with HIV infection 3 - 290
Sex with person with HIV
infection, risk not specified 13 2 2,921
Receipt of blood transfusion,
blood components, or tissue** 99 (7) 7 (2) 4,833 (2)
Other/undetermined*** 114 (8) 22 (5) 9,498 (4)
Adult/adolescent subtotal 1,506 (100) 404 (100) 238,095 (100)
PEDIATRIC (<13 years old)
EXPOSURE CATEGORY
Hemophilia/coagulation disorder 3 (16) 1 (8) 183 (5)
Mother with/at risk for HIV
infection: 9 (47) 11 (92) 3,480 (86)
Injecting drug use 3 4 1,634
Sex with injecting drug user 2 1 704
Sex with bisexual male 1 - 77
Sex with person with hemophilia - - 18
Born in Pattern-II country - - 271
Sex with person born
in Pattern-II country - - 17
Sex with transfusion recipient
with HIV infection - - 17
Sex with person with HIV
infection, risk not specified 1 2 176
Receipt of blood transfusion,
blood components, or tissue - - 75
Has HIV infection, risk not
specified 2 4 491
Receipt of blood transfusion,
blood components, or tissue 7 (37) - (0) 303 (7)
Other/undetermined - (0) - (0) 85 (2)
Pediatric subtotal 19 (100) 12 (100) 4,051 (100)
TOTAL 1,525 416 242,146
* See technical notes (available only in the printed version of this report
** Nineteen adults/adolescents and 2 children developed AIDS after receiving
blood screened negative for HIV antibody. Five additional adults develop
AIDS after receiving tissue or organs from HIV-infected donors. Two of t
5 received tissue or organs from a donor who was negative for HIV antibod
at the time of donation.
*** "Other" refers to 6 health-care workers who developed AIDS after occupa-
tional exposure to HIV-infected blood, as documented by evidence of
seroconversion; and to 2 patients who developed AIDS after exposure to HI
within the health-care setting, as documented by laboratory studies.
"Undetermined" refers to patients whose mode of exposure to HIV is unknow
This includes patients under investigation; patients who died, were lost
follow-up, or refused interview; and patients whose mode of exposure to H
remains undetermined after investigation.
**** Includes 551 persons whose race/ethnicity is unknown.
Table 5. Adult/adolescent AIDS cases by sex, exposure category, and
race/ethnicity, reported through September 1992, United States
White, not Black, not
MALE Hispanic Hispanic Hispanic
EXPOSURE CATEGORY No. (%) No. (%) No. (%)
Men who have sex with men 95,317 (79) 24,287 (43) 15,671 (46)
Injecting drug use 8,383 (7) 20,000 (36) 13,077 (39)
Men who have sex with men
and inject drugs 8,666 (7) 4,198 (7) 2,233 (7)
Hemophilia/coagulation disorder 1,560 (1) 152 (0) 158 (0)
Heterosexual contact: 1,036 (1) 4,138 (7) 786 (2)
Sex with injecting drug user 585 1,438 416
Sex with person with hemophilia 7 3 2
Born in Pattern-II* country 9 1,975 10
Sex with person born in
Pattern-II country 42 52 10
Sex with transfusion recipient
with HIV infection 47 24 22
Sex with person with HIV
infection, risk not specified 346 646 326
Receipt of blood transfusion,
blood components, or tissue** 2,121 (2) 476 (1) 293 (1)
Other/undetermined*** 2,826 (2) 2,830 (5) 1,732 (5)
Male subtotal 119,909 (100) 56,081 (100) 33,950 (100)
FEMALE
EXPOSURE CATEGORY
Injecting drug use 2,727 (41) 7,410 (54) 2,627 (48)
Hemophilia/coagulation disorder 32 (0) 8 (0) 3 (0)
Heterosexual contact: 2,136 (33) 4,870 (36) 2,152 (40)
Sex with injecting drug user 1,084 2,837 1,650
Sex with bisexual male 405 268 97
Sex with person with hemophilia 90 12 6
Born in Pattern-II country 4 830 7
Sex with person born
in Pattern-II country 11 75 3
Sex with transfusion recipient
with HIV infection 126 33 33
Sex with person with HIV
infection, risk not specified 416 815 356
Receipt of blood transfusion,
blood components, or tissue 1,174 (18) 400 (3) 256 (5)
Other/undetermined 503 (8) 1,023 (7) 381 (7)
Female subtotal 6,572 (100) 13,711 (100) 5,419 (100)
TOTAL 126,481 69,792 39,369
* See technical notes (available only in the printed version of this report)
** Nineteen adults/adolescents and 2 children developed AIDS after receiving
blood screened negative for HIV antibody. Five additional adults develope
AIDS after receiving tissue or organs from HIV-infected donors. Two of th
5 received tissue or organs from a donor who was negative for HIV antibody
at the time of donation.
*** "Other" refers to 7 health-care workers who developed AIDS after occupa-
tional exposure to HIV-infected blood, as documented by evidence of
seroconversion; and to 2 patients who developed AIDS after exposure to HIV
within the health-care setting, as documented by laboratory studies.
"Undetermined" refers to patients whose mode of exposure to HIV is unknown
This includes patients under investigation; patients who died, were lost t
follow-up, or refused interview; and patients whose mode of exposure to HI
remains undetermined after investigation.
Table 5. Adult/adolescent AIDS cases by sex, exposure category, and
race/ethnicity, reported through September 1992, United States
(Continued)
American
Asian/ Indian/
Pacific Alaska
MALE Islander Native Total****
EXPOSURE CATEGORY No. (%) No. (%) No. (%)
Men who have sex with men 1,112 (81) 222 (64) 136,912 (65)
Injecting drug use 47 (3) 39 (11) 41,631 (20)
Men who have sex with men
and inject drugs 34 (2) 56 (16) 15,203 (7)
Hemophilia/coagulation disorder 23 (2) 9 (3) 1,910 (1)
Heterosexual contact: 12 (1) 4 (1) 5,983 (3)
Sex with injecting drug user 6 3 2,448
Sex with person with hemophilia - - 12
Born in Pattern-II* country 3 - 2,003
Sex with person born in
Pattern-II country 1 - 105
Sex with transfusion recipient
with HIV infection - - 94
Sex with person with HIV
infection, risk not specified 2 1 1,321
Receipt of blood transfusion,
blood components, or tissue** 59 (4) 2 (1) 2,956 (1)
Other/undetermined*** 91 (7) 14 (4) 7,553 (4)
Male subtotal 1,378 (100) 346 (100) 212,148 (100)
FEMALE
EXPOSURE CATEGORY
Injecting drug use 18 (14) 34 (59) 12,844 (50)
Hemophilia/coagulation disorder - (0) - (0) 43 (0)
Heterosexual contact: 47 (37) 11 (19) 9,238 (36)
Sex with injecting drug user 16 8 5,612
Sex with bisexual male 15 2 789
Sex with person with hemophilia 2 - 110
Born in Pattern-II country - - 841
Sex with person born
in Pattern-II country - - 90
Sex with transfusion recipient
with HIV infection 3 - 196
Sex with person with HIV
infection, risk not specified 11 1 1,600
Receipt of blood transfusion,
blood components, or tissue 40 (31) 5 (9) 1,877 (7)
Other/undetermined 23 (18) 8 (14) 1,945 (7)
Female subtotal 128 (100) 58 (100) 25,947 (100)
TOTAL 1,506 404 238,095
* See technical notes (available only in the printed version of this report
** Nineteen adults/adolescents and 2 children developed AIDS after receiving
blood screened negative for HIV antibody. Five additional adults develop
AIDS after receiving tissue or organs from HIV-infected donors. Two of t
5 received tissue or organs from a donor who was negative for HIV antibod
at the time of donation.
*** "Other" refers to 6 health-care workers who developed AIDS after occupa-
tional exposure to HIV-infected blood, as documented by evidence of
seroconversion; and to 2 patients who developed AIDS after exposure to HI
within the health-care setting, as documented by laboratory studies.
"Undetermined" refers to patients whose mode of exposure to HIV is unknow
This includes patients under investigation; patients who died, were lost
follow-up, or refused interview; and patients whose mode of exposure to H
remains undetermined after investigation.
**** Includes 484 males and 59 females whose race/ethnicity is unknown.
Table 6. AIDS cases in adolescents and adults under age 25, by exposure
category, reported October 1990 through September 1991, October 1991
through September 1992, and cumulative totals through September 1992,
United States
13-19 years old
Oct. 1990- Oct. 1991- Cumulative
Sept 1991 Sept 1992 Total
EXPOSURE CATEGORY No. (%) No. (%) No. (%)
Men who have sex with men 33 (20) 32 (20) 222 (24)
Injecting drug use 26 (15) 15 (9) 116 (13)
Men who have sex with men
and inject drugs 6 (4) 5 (3) 38 (4)
Hemophilia/coagulation disorder 46 (27) 49 (30) 273 (30)
Heterosexual contact: 29 (17) 34 (21) 139 (15)
Sex with injecting drug user 22 18 90
Sex with bisexual male - 1 4
Sex with person with hemophilia 2 2 5
Born in Pattern-II* country 1 1 14
Sex with person born in
Pattern-II country 2 - 2
Sex with transfusion recipient
with HIV infection - - 1
Sex with person with HIV
infection, risk not specified 2 12 23
Receipt of blood transfusion,
blood components, or tissue 8 (5) 4 (2) 55 (6)
Undetermined** 20 (12) 22 (14) 69 (8)
TOTAL 168 (100) 161 (100) 912 (100)
* See technical notes (available only in the printed version of this report)
** "Undetermined" refers to patients whose mode of exposure to HIV is
unknown. This includes patients under investigation; patients who
died, were lost to follow-up, or refused interview; and patients
whose mode of exposure to HIV remains undetermined after investigation.
Table 6. AIDS cases in adolescents and adults under age 25, by exposure
category, reported October 1990 through September 1991, October 1991
through September 1992, and cumulative totals through September 1992,
United States (Continued)
20-24 years old
Oct. 1990- Oct. 1991- Cumulative
Sept 1991 Sept 1992 Total
EXPOSURE CATEGORY No. (%) No. (%) No. (%)
Men who have sex with men 700 (48) 668 (46) 4,986 (54)
Injecting drug use 291 (20) 265 (18) 1,598 (17)
Men who have sex with men
and inject drugs 108 (7) 88 (6) 810 (9)
Hemophilia/coagulation disorder 35 (2) 44 (3) 241 (3)
Heterosexual contact: 212 (14) 247 (17) 1,072 (12)
Sex with injecting drug user 131 128 604
Sex with bisexual male 10 16 74
Sex with person with hemophilia 3 2 19
Born in Pattern-II* country 13 15 136
Sex with person born in
Pattern-II country 3 - 11
Sex with transfusion recipient
with HIV infection 4 1 11
Sex with person with HIV
infection, risk not specified 48 85 217
Receipt of blood transfusion,
blood components, or tissue 18 (1) 16 (1) 124 (1)
Undetermined** 105 (7) 138 (9) 439 (5)
TOTAL 1,469 (100) 1,466 (100) 9,270 (100)
* See technical notes (available only in the printed version of this report).
** "Undetermined" refers to patients whose mode of exposure to HIV is
unknown. This includes patients under investigation; patients who
died, were lost to follow-up, or refused interview; and patients
whose mode of exposure to HIV remains undetermined after investigation.
Table 7. AIDS cases by sex, age at diagnosis, and race/ethnicity,
reported through September 1992, United States
White, not Black, not
MALE Hispanic Hispanic Hispanic
AGE AT DIAGNOSIS (YEARS) No. (%) No. (%) No. (%)
Under 5 285 (0) 964 (2) 416 (1)
5-12 215 (0) 147 (0) 116 (0)
13-19 301 (0) 200 (0) 136 (0)
20-24 3,694 (3) 2,350 (4) 1,456 (4)
25-29 17,719 (15) 8,573 (15) 5,639 (16)
30-34 28,028 (23) 13,644 (24) 8,532 (25)
35-39 26,643 (22) 13,315 (23) 7,641 (22)
40-44 18,772 (16) 8,315 (15) 4,918 (14)
45-49 11,089 (9) 4,447 (8) 2,607 (8)
50-54 6,018 (5) 2,465 (4) 1,441 (4)
55-59 3,636 (3) 1,438 (3) 866 (3)
60-64 2,161 (2) 772 (1) 420 (1)
65 or older 1,848 (2) 562 (1) 294 (1)
Male subtotal 120,409 (100) 57,192 (100) 34,482(100)
FEMALES
AGE AT DIAGNOSIS (YEARS)
Under 5 269 (4) 939 (6) 370 (6)
5-12 67 (1) 142 (1) 82 (1)
13-19 70 (1) 146 (1) 44 (1)
20-24 420 (6) 850 (6) 404 (7)
25-29 1,219 (18) 2,526 (17) 1,166 (20)
30-34 1,519 (22) 3,698 (25) 1,406 (24)
35-39 1,103 (16) 3,134 (21) 1,125 (19)
40-44 651 (9) 1,659 (11) 602 (10)
45-49 349 (5) 708 (5) 280 (5)
50-54 243 (4) 425 (3) 174 (3)
55-59 254 (4) 241 (2) 98 (2)
60-64 207 (3) 152 (1) 55 (1)
65 or older 537 (8) 172 (1) 65 (1)
Female subtotal 6,908 (100) 14,792 (100) 5,871(100)
TOTAL 127,317 71,984 40,353
Table 7. AIDS cases by sex, age at diagnosis, and race/ethnicity,
reported through September 1992, United States (Continued)
American
Asian/ Indian/
Pacific Alaska
MALE Islander Native Total*
AGE AT DIAGNOSIS (YEARS) No. (%) No. (%) No. (%)
Under 5 7 (1) 8 (2) 1,682 (1)
5-12 6 (0) 1 (0) 485 (0)
13-19 7 (1) 6 (2) 650 (0)
20-24 49 (4) 17 (5) 7,578 (4)
25-29 189 (14) 73 (21) 32,262 (15)
30-34 280 (20) 94 (26) 50,685 (24)
35-39 302 (22) 69 (19) 48,085 (22)
40-44 230 (17) 44 (12) 32,364 (15)
45-49 155 (11) 21 (6) 18,362 (9)
50-54 72 (5) 8 (2) 10,031 (5)
55-59 46 (3) 6 (2) 6,010 (3)
60-64 15 (1) 7 (2) 3,380 (2)
65 or older 33 (2) 1 (0) 2,741 (1)
Male subtotal 1,391 (100) 355 (100) 214,315 (100)
FEMALES
AGE AT DIAGNOSIS (YEARS)
Under 5 - (0) 3 (5) 1,586 (6)
5-12 6 (4) - (0) 298 (1)
13-19 1 (1) 1 (2) 262 (1)
20-24 7 (5) 5 (8) 1,692 (6)
25-29 10 (7) 12 (20) 4,944 (18)
30-34 25 (19) 17 (28) 6,681 (24)
35-39 16 (12) 7 (11) 5,398 (19)
40-44 28 (21) 8 (13) 2,953 (11)
45-49 13 (10) 4 (7) 1,359 (5)
50-54 7 (5) 1 (2) 851 (3)
55-59 6 (4) - (0) 600 (2)
60-64 9 (7) 2 (3) 425 (2)
65 or older 6 (4) 1 (2) 782 (3)
Female subtotal 134 (100) 61 (100) 27,831 (100)
TOTAL 1,525 416 242,146
* Includes 551 persons whose race/ethnicity is unknown.
Table 8. AIDS cases, case-fatality rates, and deaths by half-year and age
group, through September 1992, United States
Adults/adolescents
Cases diagnosed Case-fatality Deaths occuring
HALF-YEAR during interval rate during interval
Before 1981 81 86.4 30
1981 Jan.-June 92 91.3 39
July-Dec. 205 91.7 87
1982 Jan.-June 399 92.5 153
July-Dec. 696 91.2 289
1983 Jan.-June 1,288 93.6 524
July-Dec. 1,645 93.0 931
1984 Jan.-June 2,569 92.0 1,401
July-Dec. 3,386 92.6 1,963
1985 Jan.-June 4,891 92.1 2,821
July-Dec. 6,319 91.0 3,868
1986 Jan.-June 8,315 89.8 5,086
July-Dec. 9,940 87.4 6,542
1987 Jan.-June 12,928 87.8 7,571
July-Dec. 14,358 84.1 7,947
1988 Jan.-June 16,480 81.2 9,327
July-Dec. 16,961 79.8 10,667
1989 Jan.-June 19,181 74.4 12,381
July-Dec. 19,190 71.4 14,150
1990 Jan.-June 20,375 63.5 13,687
July-Dec. 19,494 56.4 14,467
1991 Jan.-June 20,924 46.0 14,757
July-Dec. 19,600 34.7 15,326
1992 Jan.-June 16,197 20.4 11,788
July-Sep. 2,581 9.9 2,231
TOTAL* 238,095 66.5 158,243
* Death totals include 210 adults/adolescents and 4 children known to
have died, but whose dates of death are unknown.
Table 8. AIDS cases, case-fatality rates, and deaths by half-year and age
group, through September 1992, United States (Continued)
Children <13 years old
Cases diagnosed Case-fatality Deaths occuring
HALF-YEAR during interval rate during interval
Before 1981 6 66.7 1
1981 Jan.-June 10 80.0 2
July-Dec. 5 100.0 7
1982 Jan.-June 14 78.6 8
July-Dec. 15 80.0 5
1983 Jan.-June 33 100.0 13
July-Dec. 42 88.1 16
1984 Jan.-June 49 85.7 26
July-Dec. 62 85.5 23
1985 Jan.-June 97 76.3 44
July-Dec. 130 80.0 70
1986 Jan.-June 135 80.0 64
July-Dec. 187 70.1 92
1987 Jan.-June 223 70.4 118
July-Dec. 260 64.2 167
1988 Jan.-June 250 60.4 134
July-Dec. 336 56.8 169
1989 Jan.-June 339 56.3 167
July-Dec. 326 49.7 182
1990 Jan.-June 341 44.3 188
July-Dec. 351 36.2 186
1991 Jan.-June 317 32.2 152
July-Dec. 257 24.5 157
1992 Jan.-June 241 17.4 113
July-Sep. 25 12.0 21
Total1 4,051 52.6 2,129
* Death totals include 210 adults/adolescents and 4 children known to
have died, but whose dates of death are unknown.
Table 9. AIDS cases by year of diagnosis and definition category,
diagnosed through September 1992, United States
Year of diagnosis
Before Oct. 1988- Oct. 1989
Oct. 1988 Sept 1989 Sept 1990
DEFINITION CATEGORY* No. (%) No. (%) No. (%)
Pre-1987 definition 78,623 (84) 26,657 (70) 27,161 (67)
1987 definition: 15,084 (16) 11,377 (30) 13,235 (33)
Specific disease
presumptively diagnosed 8,340 6,537 8,170
Specific disease
definitively diagnosed 1,390 750 838
HIV encephalopathy 1,857 1,347 1,370
HIV wasting syndrome 3,497 2,743 2,857
TOTAL 93,707 (100) 38,034 (100) 40,396 (100)
* Persons who meet the criteria for more than one definition category are
classified in the definition category listed first.
Table 9. AIDS cases by year of diagnosis and definition category,
diagnosed through September 1992, United States (Continued)
Year of diagnosis
Oct. 1990- Oct. 1991- Cumulative
Sept 1991 Sept 1992 total
DEFINITION CATEGORY* No. (%) No. (%) No. (%)
Pre-1987 definition 26,326 (64) 17,345 (60) 176,112 (73)
1987 definition: 15,008 (36) 11,330 (40) 66,034 (27)
Specific disease
presumptively diagnosed 9,308 6,752 39,107
Specific disease
definitively diagnosed 906 625 4,509
HIV encephalopathy 1,425 1,013 7,012
HIV wasting syndrome 3,369 2,940 15,406
TOTAL 41,334 (100) 28,675 (100) 242,146 (100)
* Persons who meet the criteria for more than one definition category are
classified in the definition category listed first.
Table 10. Health-care workers with HIV infection and/or AIDS, with documented
and possible occupationally acquired HIV infection, by occupation,
reported through June 1992, United States*
Documented Possible
occupational occupational
transmission** transmission***
Occupation No. No.
Dental worker, including dentist - 6
Embalmer/morgue technician - 3
Emergency medical technician/paramedic - 7
Health aide/attendant 1 5
Housekeeper/maintenance worker 1 5
Laboratory technician, clinical 11 10
Laboratory technician, nonclinical 1 1
Nurse 12 12
Physician, nonsurgical 4 7
Physician, surgical - 2
Respiratory therapist 1 1
Surgical technician - 1
Technician/therapist, other than
those listed above - 3
Other health care occupations - 2
Total 31 65
* Health-care workers are defined as those persons, including students and
trainees, who have worked in a health-care, clinical, or HIV laboratory
setting at any time since 1978.
** Health-care workers who had documented HIV seroconversion after occupation
exposure: 26 had percutaneous exposure, 4 had mucocutaneous exposure, 1 ha
both percutaneous and mucocutaneous exposures. Twenty-nine exposures were
to HIV-infected blood, 1 to an unspecified fluid and 1 to concentrated
virus in a laboratory. Six have developed AIDS.
*** These health-care workers have been investigated and are without
identifiable behavioral or transfusion risks; each reported percutaneous o
mucocutaneous occupational exposures to blood or body fluids, or laborator
specimens containing HIV, but HIV seroconversion was not documented.
Table 11. Adult/adolescent AIDS cases by single and multiple exposure
categories reported through September 1992, United States
AIDS cases
EXPOSURE CATEGORY No. (%)
Men who have sex with men 131,839 (55)
Injecting drug use 46,354 (19)
Hemophilia/coagulation disorder 1,318 (1)
Heterosexual contact 14,643 (6)
Receipt of blood transfusion, blood component, or tissue* 4,833 (2)
Other/undetermined** 9,498 (4)
SINGLE MODE OF EXPOSURE SUBTOTAL 208,485 (88)
MULTIPLE MODES OF EXPOSURE
Men who have sex with men; injecting drug use 13,620 (6)
Men who have sex with men; hemophilia 57 (0)
Men who have sex with men; heterosexual contact 2,777 (1)
Men who have sex with men; receipt of transfusion 2,080 (1)
Injecting drug use; hemophilia 57 (0)
Injecting drug use; heterosexual contact 6,833 (3)
Injecting drug use; receipt of transfusion 901 (0)
Hemophilia; heterosexual contact 10 (0)
Hemophilia; receipt of transfusion 612 (0)
Heterosexual contact; receipt of transfusion 578 (0)
Men who have sex with men; injecting drug use; hemophilia 16 (0)
Men who have sex with men; injecting drug use; heterosexual
contact 1,192 (1)
Men who have sex with men; injecting drug use; receipt of
transfusion 320 (0)
Men who have sex with men; hemophilia; heterosexual
contact 4 (0)
Men who have sex with men; hemophilia; receipt of
transfusion 25 (0)
Men who have sex with men; heterosexual contact;
receipt of transfusion 130 (0)
Injecting drug use; hemophilia; heterosexual contact 12 (0)
Injecting drug use; hemophilia; receipt of transfusion 23 (0)
Injecting drug use; heterosexual contact;
receipt of transfusion 287 (0)
Hemophilia; heterosexual contact; receipt of transfusion 13 (0)
Men who have sex with men; injecting drug use; hemophilia;
heterosexual contact 2 (0)
Men who have sex with men; injecting drug use; heterosexual
contact; receipt of transfusion 5 (0)
Injecting drug use; hemophilia; heterosexual contact;
receipt of transfusion 48 (0)
MULTIPLE MODES of EXPOSURE SUBTOTAL 29,610 ( 12)
TOTAL 238,095 (100)
* Nineteen adults/adolescents and 2 children developed AIDS after receiving
blood screened negative for HIV antibody. Five additional adults develope
AIDS after receiving tissue or organs from HIV-infected donors. Two of th
5 received tissue or organs from a donor who was negative for HIV antibody
at the time of donation.
** "Other" refers to 7 health-care workers who developed AIDS after occupa-
tional exposure to HIV-infected blood, as documented by evidence of
seroconversion; and to 2 patients who developed AIDS after exposure to HIV
within the health-care setting, as documented by laboratory studies.
"Undetermined" refers to patients whose mode of exposure to HIV is unknown
This includes patients under investigation; patients who died, were lost t
follow-up, or refused interview; and patients whose mode of exposure to HI
remains undetermined after investigation.
TECHNICAL NOTES: HIV/AIDS SURVEILLANCE REPORT
Surveillance and Reporting of AIDS
All 50 states, the District of Columbia, U.S dependencies and possessions,
and independent nations in free association with the U.S. (1) report AIDS
cases to CDC using a uniform case definition and case report form. The
original definition was modified in 1985 (MMWR 1985;34:373-5) and
again in 1987 (MMWR 1987;36 [suppl. no. 1S]:1S-15S). The revisions
incorporated a broader range of AIDS indicator diseases and conditions and
used human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) diagnostic tests to improve the
sensitivity and specificity of the definition. For persons with laboratory-
confirmed HIV infection, the 1987 revision incorporated HIV
encephalopathy, wasting syndrome, and other indicator diseases that are
diagnosed presumptively (i.e., without confirmatory laboratory evidence of
the opportunistic disease). AIDS cases that meet the criteria of both the pre-
1987 and 1987 definitions are classified in the pre-1987 definition category.
Compared with patients who meet the pre-1987 case definition, a higher
proportion of patients who meet only the 1987 case definition were female,
black, or Hispanic, or were intravenous drug users (MMWR 1989;38:229-
36).
Each issue of this update includes information received and tabulated by
CDC through the last day of the previous month. Data are tabulated by date
of report to CDC unless otherwise noted. Data for U.S. dependencies and
possessions and for associated independent nations are included in the totals.
Age group tabulations are based on the person's age at diagnosis of AIDS:
adult/adolescent cases include persons 13 years of age and older; pediatric
cases include children under 13 years of age. Age group tabulations in
Table 13 (only included in the year-end edition) are based on age at death.
Metropolitan areas are defined as the Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSA)
for all areas except the 6 New England states. For these states, the New
England County Metropolitan Areas (NECMA) are used. Metropolitan areas
are named for a central city in the MSA or NECMA, may include several
cities and counties, and may cross state boundaries. For example, AIDS
cases and annual rates presented for the District of Columbia in Table 1
include only persons residing within the geographic boundaries of the
District. AIDS cases and annual rates for Washington, D.C., in Table 2
include persons residing within several counties in the metropolitan area.
State or metropolitan data tabulations are based on the person's residence at
diagnosis of the first AIDS-indicator disease(s). The cities and counties
which comprise each metropolitan area in Table 2 are listed in the Bureau of
Census publication, "State and Metropolitan Area Data Book, 1986."
Data in this report are provisional. Fifty percent of patients are reported to
CDC within 3 months of diagnosis. However, reporting delays vary widely
and have been as long as several years for some cases. The median delay in
reporting appears to have increased, from about 2 months in 1982 to about 3
months in 1988; however, recent analyses suggests that reporting delay may
be decreasing.
Completeness of reporting of diagnosed cases to state and local health
departments varies by geographic region and patient population; however,
mortality studies suggest that 70 to 90 percent of HIV-related deaths in men
25-44 years old are identified through national surveillance of AIDS
(MMWR 1989;38:561-3). In addition, multiple routes of exposure,
opportunistic diseases diagnosed after the initial case report was submitted
to CDC, and vital status may not be determined or reported for all cases.
Caution should be used in interpreting case-fatality rates because reporting
of deaths is known to be incomplete.
Exposure Categories
For surveillance purposes, AIDS cases are counted only once in a hierarchy
of exposure categories. Persons with more than one reported mode of
exposure to HIV are classified in the exposure category listed first in the
hierarchy, except for persons with a history of both homosexual/bisexual
contact and intravenous drug use. They make up a separate exposure
category.
"Homosexual/bisexual contact" cases include men who report sexual contact
with other men. "Heterosexual contact" cases include persons who report
either specific heterosexual contact with a person with, or at increased risk
for, HIV infection (e.g., an intravenous drug user), or persons presumed to
have acquired HIV infection through heterosexual contact because they were
born in countries with a distinctive pattern of transmission termed "Pattern
II" by the World Health Organization (MMWR 1988;37:286-8, 293-5).
Pattern II transmission is observed in areas of sub-Saharan Africa and in
some Caribbean countries. In these countries, most of the reported cases
occur in heterosexuals and the male-to-female ratio is approximately 1:1.
Intravenous drug use and homosexual transmission either do not occur or
occur at a low level.
"Undetermined" cases are persons with no reported history of exposure to
HIV through any of the routes listed in the hierarchy of exposure categories.
Undetermined cases include persons who are currently under investigation
by local health department officials; persons whose exposure history is
incomplete because of death, refusal to be interviewed, or loss to follow-up;
and persons who were interviewed or for whom follow-up information was
available and no exposure mode was identified. Persons who have an
exposure mode identified at the time of follow-up are reclassified into the
appropriate exposure category.
Rates
Rates are on an annual basis per 100,000 population. The denominator for
computing rates in Table 1 and Table 2 are extrapolations based on U.S.
Bureau of Census data from the 1980 census and from 1988 post-census
estimates. Each 12-month rate is the number of cases for a 12 month period
divided by the 1989 or 1990 extrapolation, multiplied by 100,000.
The denominators for computing race-specific rates (Table 9, included only
in the year-end edition) are based on 1990 census projections published in
U.S. Bureau of Census publications, "Projections of the Population of the
United States, by Age, Sex, and Race, 1988 to 2080," and "Projections of
the Hispanic Population, 1983 to 2080." Race-specific rates are the number
of cases reported for a particular race/ethnicity during the preceding 12-
month period divided by the 1990 census projection for that race/ethnicity,
multiplied by 100,000.
Case-fatality rates are on a semiannual basis by date of diagnosis. Each 6-
month case-fatality rate is the number of fatal cases reported, divided by the
number of total cases, diagnosed in that period, multiplied by 100.
Trends in AIDS Incidence
Tabulations of AIDS cases by date of report give a general description of
AIDS cases, but analyses by date of diagnosis give a more accurate
description of trends. Delays in reporting, however, can have a substantial
impact on tabulated numbers of cases diagnosed in recent time periods.
About half of all cases are reported within 3 months of diagnosis, but about
15% are reported more than 1 year after diagnosis. Delays are substantially
longer for pediatric cases and for transfusion-associated cases in adults.
Figure 5 (included only in the year-end edition report) shows trends in AIDS
incidence by month of diagnosis. The points on the plot show the estimated
numbers of cases diagnosed, after adjusting for estimated reporting delays.
The smooth curve is computed using the Lowess procedure (J.M. Chaber,
W.S. Cleveland, B. Kleiner, and P.A. Tukey. "Graphical Methods for Data
Analysis." Duxbury Press, Boston, 1983, Chapter 4).
Reporting delays were estimated by a maximum likelihood statistical
procedure for each HIV exposure category (J.M. Karon, O.J. Devine, and
W.M. Morgan "Predicting AIDS incidence by extrapolating from recent
trends." In: C. Castillo-Chavex, ed. "Mathematical and Statistical
Approaches to AIDS Epidemiology. Lecture Notes in Biomathematics," vol.
83, Springer Verlag, Berlin, 1989). The adjusted incidence used in Figure 5
is the sum of the adjusted incidences for each HIV exposure group.
The Lowess procedure makes no assumption about the overall trends in the
data. A fitted value is computed for each month by weighted least squares
regression using only the adjusted number of cases diagnosed during an
interval about the month (in Figure 5, the 30% of months closest to the
chosen month); the weights decrease for times further from the chosen
month. The procedure assumes that incidence during the interval about each
month is approximately a linear function of time. Lowess tends to produce
a curve that is linear at each end, as observed in the figure; predictions of
future numbers of cases should not be made by extrapolating the Lowest
curve.
The Lowess curve should be considered a description of the overall trend in
AIDS cases. This curve emphasizes that the rate of increase in incidence
slowed during the middle of 1987. See MMWR 1990:39:81-86.
(1) Included among the dependencies, possessions, and independent nations
are Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, the
Republic of Palau, the Republic of the Marshall Islands, the Commonwealth
of the Northern Mariana Islands, and the Federated States of Micronesia.
The latter 5 comprise the category "Pacific Islands, U.S." listed in Table 1.
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