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1987-08-01
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| |
| |
| G e o C a l c |
| |
| C O o r d i n a t e G e O m e t r y |
| |
| ( C O G O ) |
| |
| Version 1.22 |
| |
| |
----------------------------------------------
SURVEYING
&
ENGINEERING
APPLICATIONS SOFTWARE
Program Operations & Reference Manual
All Rights Reserved
Copyright (c) 1986, 1987 GeoCalc Software Systems Co., Inc.
P.O. Box 5308
Philadelphia, PA 19142
(215) 365-5585
Page 2
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Table of Contents........................................ 2
Introduction............................................. 5
User-Supported Software.................................. 6
Registration............................................. 8
Invoice Form............................................. 9
Copyright Notice, Disclaimer, & Tradenames............... 10
System Requirements & File Listings...................... 11
Backing Up The Disks..................................... 13
Configuring The COGO Program............................. 14
A History of COGO........................................ 15
Terminology, Application Techniques...................... 17
Booting The COGO Program................................. 18
Plotting (CADD), HP-11C Emulator, Exclusion.............. 19
General File Structure................................... 20
Specifying & Using Figures.......................... 21
Curve Definitions Within Figures.................... 22
Command List............................................. 23
Overview of Version 1.22................................. 24
On-line Help........................................ 25
RAM Resident Utilities.............................. 26
Input............................................... 27
Missing Data........................................ 27
Comments............................................ 27
Abbreviations....................................... 27
Command Codes....................................... 27
Precision........................................... 27
Stationing.......................................... 28
Output.............................................. 28
DMS Format.......................................... 28
Bearings............................................ 28
Quadrant Codes...................................... 28
Azimuths............................................ 28
Direction Sign...................................... 28
Angular Expressions................................. 28
Angular Delimiters.................................. 29
Distance Delimiter.................................. 29
Repeatability....................................... 29
Delimiter Summary................................... 29
Angular/Distance Input Examples..................... 30
Figures & Figure Transpositions..................... 31
Caps Lock........................................... 31
Coordinate/Figure Areas............................. 31
The "Flip Up" Menu.................................. 32
The "Flip Up" Inch/Foot Conversion Table............ 32
Control Commands......................................... 33
File Maintenance Commands........................... 33
Points Maintenance Commands......................... 33
Figure Maintenance Commands......................... 34
Line & Curve Extension Commands..................... 34
Points Move Commands................................ 34
Points Definition Commands.......................... 35
Line & Curve Intersection Commands.................. 35
GeoCalc COGO - Surveying/Engineering Applications Software
Page 3
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Control Commands (continued)
Data Display Commands............................... 36
Figure Alignment Commands........................... 36
Spiral Commands..................................... 37
Alignment Commands.................................. 37
Command Variable Names................................... 38
Adjust Area.............................................. 39
Alignment................................................ 40
Alignment Offset......................................... 41
Angles................................................... 42
Arc Arc Intersect (Dist/Dist Intersect).................. 43
Arc Line Azimuth (Az/Dist Intersect).................... 44
Arc Line Bearing (Brg/Dist Intersect)................... 45
Arc Line Points.......................................... 46
Area..................................................... 47
Area Azimuth............................................. 48
Area Bearing............................................. 49
Azimuth Intersect (Az/Az Intersect)...................... 50
Batch Print.............................................. 51
Batch Screen............................................. 52
Bearing Intersect (Brg/Brg Intersect).................... 53
Compound Spiral.......................................... 54
Convert Meridian......................................... 55
Coordinate Offset........................................ 56
Coordinate Point on Arc.................................. 57
Coordinate Point on Spiral............................... 58
Copy File................................................ 59
Curve Spiral............................................. 60
Define Curve............................................. 61
Delete Coordinates....................................... 62
Delete Figures........................................... 63
Describe Alignment Azimuth............................... 64
Describe Alignment Bearing............................... 65
Distance................................................. 66
Divide Arc............................................... 67
Divide Figure............................................ 68
Divide Line.............................................. 69
End Of Job............................................... 70
End Of Run............................................... 71
Extend Arc............................................... 72
Figure Arc Intersect..................................... 73
Figure Figure Intersect.................................. 74
Figure Line Intersect.................................... 75
Fit Alignment............................................ 76
Fit Curve................................................ 77
Get Coordinates.......................................... 78
Get Figures.............................................. 79
Inverse Azimuth.......................................... 80
Inverse Bearing.......................................... 81
GeoCalc COGO - Surveying/Engineering Applications Software
Page 4
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Line Spiral.............................................. 82
List Coordinates......................................... 83
List Figures............................................. 84
List Files............................................... 85
Locate Angle............................................. 86
Locate Azimuth........................................... 87
Locate Bearing........................................... 88
Locate Deflection........................................ 89
Locate From Alignment.................................... 90
Locate Line.............................................. 91
Offset Alignment......................................... 92
Parallel Figure.......................................... 93
Parallel Line............................................ 94
Points Azimuth Intersect................................. 95
Points Bearing Intersect................................. 96
Points Intersect......................................... 97
Points On Alignment...................................... 98
Redefine................................................. 99
Segment..................................................100
Segment Plus.............................................101
Segment Minus............................................102
Simple Curve.............................................103
Simple Spiral............................................104
Spiral Length............................................105
Spiral Offset............................................106
Spiral Spiral............................................107
Start Of Job.............................................108
Station And Offsets......................................109
Stations From Coordinates................................110
Store....................................................111
Store Figure.............................................112
Store Job................................................113
Streets Intersect........................................114
Tangent..................................................115
Tangent Offset...........................................116
Traverse Angles..........................................117
Traverse Azimuths........................................118
Traverse Bearings........................................119
Traverse Deflections.....................................120
Type Print...............................................121
Type Screen..............................................122
Error List Summary.......................................123
A Sample Session (interactive)...........................127
A Sample Session (batch).................................132
A "PROper" BATCH Example............................134
A "COMmon" BATCH Example............................135
Bug Report...............................................136
Comment/Suggestion Report................................137
Acknowledgements.........................................138
Future Versions..........................................139
Chronology...............................................140
GeoCalc COGO - Surveying/Engineering Applications Software
Page 5
INTRODUCTION
Welcome to GeoCalc Software System's COordinate GeOmetry
(COGO) Surveying/Engineering applications program. We hope
that your evaluation finds this software capable and
efficient, and your use of it enjoyable and profitable.
If you are a first-time user of this type of "command
oriented" COGO, you will find it easy to use and learn right
from the very beginning (please read this documentation,
though). If you are an old hand at COGO, you will find it
quite powerful to use while also offering some subtle (and
not so subtle) amenities that we hope will increase both your
speed of data entry and your overall satisfaction with the
program.
We at GeoCalc are land surveyors with many years of
experience in engineering, rural, urban, control surveys and
design work. We are also hackers of some renown (if we do
say so ourselves), who have used mainframe COGO for many
years. This has provided our design and programming team the
necessary and valuable experience in formulating the
groundwork for what was to become GeoCalc's COGO.
For those users who are new to this particular type of COGO
input/output format, we believe you will be treated to a
most productive encounter. We strongly suggest that you
power up the program and run COGO at every opportunity; you
will find that you attain the highest degree of efficiency
when the majority of commands become relatively familiar.
Once familiarity is attained, you can concentrate on
"tactics" and the myriad shortcuts that are helpful when
solving systems of figures in a complex geometric project.
We have placed this software into the "Public Domain"
distribution network (as SHAREWARE - see following pages)
with the recognition that we must maintain our support,
maintenance, and update obligations to the surveying,
engineering, and educational communities. With your
assistance, we will fulfill those obligations.
GeoCalc COGO - Surveying/Engineering Applications Software
Page 6
USER SUPPORTED SOFTWARE
P L E A S E C O P Y & R E D I S T R I B U T E T H I S
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
S O F T W A R E ! ! !
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
To avoid the costs of standard commercial marketing methods
(and the necessity of having to pass those costs on to our
customers), we have chosen to offer our COGO via the public
domain distribution network as "USER SUPPORTED SOFTWARE".
This unique marketing method has been in use and successful
for many popular software products. For example, the
"PC-Write" word processing system has been distributed using
the concept of "SHAREWARE" by Mr. Bob Wallace of QUICKSOFT
who previously designed and wrote a large part of MS-PASCAL.
The late Andrew Fluegelman of the HEADLANDS PRESS and one of
the founding editors of PC World magazine, marketed the
"PC-Talk III" communications package (a virtual standard)
using his "FREEWARE" concept. "PC-File III" is an extremely
popular data base management system written by Mr. Jim Button
of BUTTONWARE and marketed under the "USER SUPPORTED" method.
GeoCalc's COGO is being marketed in the same fashion and can
be obtained through the various means of communication open
to all computer users: Bulletin Boards, User's Groups,
Computer Clubs, Professional Societies and Organizations,
etc. If these sources of distribution are not available to
you, you can get a copy of GeoCalc's COGO by sending a
formatted, double-sided disk (DOS 2.0+ only), a check for
$10.00 to cover handling costs, and a stamped, self-addressed
envelope to GeoCalc Software. Please use a high quality 8
1/2" x 11" envelope and include 2 stiff pieces of cardboard
so the disk won't be bent in the mail. GeoCalc will send
its Ver. 1.22 COGO for your use and on-the-job evaluation.
The USER SUPPORTED philosophy dictates that the usefulness
and quality of software is best decided by the ultimate user,
in a working environment, and at a pace which will allow a
thorough evaluation of the product while under no pressure to
purchase; and, that copying and unrestricted redistribution
should be promoted and encouraged rather than prohibited by
awkward, costly, inconvenient, and sometimes dangerous
software and hardware protection schemes. The methodology of
distribution requires only that those who may have need of
the particular software have free access to it; in turn, they
should redistribute it to their friends and associates in the
same unaltered form in which they received it and all users
should register that software if it is useful to them.
To paraphrase Mr. Fluegelman, the user supported concept is
an experiment in economics, not altruism; it provides quality
software without the author/distributor having to finance the
marketing, distribution, advertising, and copy protection
schemes that have become an expensive liability, while still
allowing the author/distributor to be supported by sales of
the software.
GeoCalc COGO - Surveying/Engineering Applications Software
Page 7
USER SUPPORTED SOFTWARE
There are many excellent software packages marketed under the
user supported method and all have one thing in common: they
are willing to stand up to rigorous evaluation and testing
before a purchase is made. Those that are flawed, badly or
unprofessionally written, buggy, or just not what is
generally accepted as useful will fail and disappear. Those
that are effective, professionally written, and perform as
advertised will succeed - thereby providing you with quality
software at reasonable cost. By registering user supported
software, you will also be advocating the distribution of
professional applications software that doesn't require you
to sacrifice a year's net profits in order to finance its
purchase. Paying artificially high fees for software that
accomplishes its task is bad enough, but paying hundreds or
thousands of dollars for software that is not what you want
is counterproductive. It also encourages all those in the
distribution chain to maintain or inflate prices. The user
supported method, on the other hand, allows the software
designers (us) to bypass the advertising jungle (which is
obscenely expensive), middle-men and distributors, and retail
outlets (who often refer you to the technical or design types
when you have a problem, anyway). The software thus gets to
you at a price that more closely reflects the true costs of
development and a fair profit (you do not pay excessive
profits or unnecessary overhead costs).
YOU ARE ENCOURAGED TO COPY AND DISTRIBUTE GEOCALC'S COGO TO
YOUR FRIENDS AND ASSOCIATES. However, for the protection of
everyone, certain distribution restrictions must apply:
1) No compensation of any kind is to be charged for
the software (exclusive of the diskette).
2) Copyright or trademark notices, the name GeoCalc
Software Systems Co., Inc., or the names of the
authors may not be removed or changed.
3) The software may not be altered in any manner,
nor may it be redistributed in any form other
than originally distributed by GeoCalc Software
Systems.
4) The software may not be distributed with or used
as an inducement to purchase any other software.
The above restrictions are for the protection of all
potential users of the program. Please be particularly
cognizant of item #3. This will guarantee that you will
receive all of the original software files. If you should
happen to receive the package from a friend who altered it,
for example, than GeoCalc Software Systems could not answer
any questions regarding it nor support it in any way. If you
should find the program not to your liking, PLEASE let us
know why, and we will investigate and correct it if
necessary. But please do pass the program to others who may
find it just what they need; your particular complaint may
not be of concern to another user.
GeoCalc COGO - Surveying/Engineering Applications Software
Page 8
REGISTRATION & LICENSING
*************************************************************
* *
* *
* YOU MAY REGISTER GEOCALC'S COGO FOR A FEE OF *
* *
* | | *
* ***** ****** ***** ***** *
* * | | * * * * * * *
* * | | * * * * * *
* ***** ***** ****** ****** *
* | | * * * * *
* * | | * * * * *
* ***** ****** **** **** *
* | | *
* *
* *
*************************************************************
Your registration fee entitles you to direct telephone and
mail support, and notification of future releases. You will
also immediately be sent the latest release which supports
expanded coordinate point and figure storage, figure
balancing, and DOS commands, and also includes a flip-up
RAM-resident on-screen HP-11C calculator emulator, an on-line
help system to interactively display command descriptions
during COGO usage, and a complete CADD system.
The staff at GeoCalc will be more than glad to answer any
questions; a telephone is maintained to provide technical
assistance for registered users. Non-technical assistance
will be provided to registered and non-registered users
alike, and comments and suggestions are welcome and
solicited. Your critique is extremely important to us and
all recommendations and requests will be seriously considered
for implementation. It is the intent of GeoCalc Software
Systems to upgrade and amend COGO to reflect the needs and
requests of the surveying and engineering community.
For those who require an invoice, please use the form of the
next page. Or, call us at 215-365-5585 with your Master
Charge or Visa number. Registration fees are as follows:
-PACKAGE- -COGO ONLY-
1) Registration of 1st copy $399.00 $299.00
2) Copy # 2 to copy #10 is $369.00 $269.00
3) Copy #11 to copy #20 is $339.00 $239.00
4) Over 20 copies A steal!
For unique or unusual circumstances, or site licensing,
GeoCalc Software Systems will be more than glad to work with
any firm to help solve your particular requirements.
Additional discounts of 16% will be allowed for bulk
purchases (over 10 copies) by educational institutions.
GeoCalc COGO - Surveying/Engineering Applications Software
Page 9
INVOICE
+++++++
Pay: GeoCalc Software Systems Date: ____________
P.O. Box 5308
Philadelphia, PA 19142 No.: ____________
215-365-5585
Sold To: ______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
Ship To: ______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
Quantity Description Unit Cost Total
---------- ------------------------- ----------- -----------
| Registration of | |
| COGO V 1.22 - only! | |
| (Includes latest) | |
| version) | $299.00 |
| | |
| Registration of | |
| COGO V 1.22 (Includes: | |
| 11C Calc. Emulator & | |
| CADD System & latest | |
| version) | $399.00 |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
---------- ------------------------- ----------- -----------
Subtotal = $
PA residents only add 6% sales tax = $
----------
Total = $
GeoCalc COGO - Surveying/Engineering Applications Software
Page 10
THE COPYRIGHT NOTICE
This Coordinate Geometry (COGO) program and included
documentation is copyrighted (c) 1986 by GeoCalc Software
Systems Company, Inc. of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and
Lawrence J. Cleary, PLS and Raymond E. Havey, PLS, program
authors. Non-registered users are hereby given a limited
license to use this product (Version 1.22) for evaluation
purposes only and to copy and re-distribute the program and
its accompanying documentation (known as the software)
subject to the following restrictions:
1) No compensation of any kind is to be charged for
the software (exclusive of the diskette).
2) Copyright or trademark notices, the name GeoCalc
Software Systems Co., Inc., or the names of the
authors may not be removed or changed.
3) The software may not be altered in any manner,
nor may it be redistributed in any form other
than originally distributed by GeoCalc Software.
4) The software may not be distributed with or used
as an inducement to purchase any other software.
THE DISCLAIMER
In no event will the authors, distributors or re-distributors
of GeoCalc's COGO, or its succeeding versions as originally
distributed by GeoCalc Software Systems, be liable for any
damages, including any lost profits, lost savings or other
incidental or consequential damages arising out of the use of
or inability to use the programs of COGO, even if the authors
have been advised of the possibility of such damages, or for
any claim by any other party. Users are advised to test
GeoCalc's COGO thoroughly before relying on it, as is common
data processing procedure. This software is distributed on
an "AS-IS" basis; use of the software constitutes acceptance
and acknowledgement of the "AS-IS" nature of the software.
THE TRADE NAMES OR TRADEMARK CREDITS
NAME IS A REGISTERED TRADEMARK OR PROPRIETARY TO
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
IBM International Business Machines Corporation
PC, XT, AT International Business Machines Corporation
Generic CADD Generic Software Incorporated
Sidekick Borland International, Incorporated
HP, HP-11C Hewlett-Packard Company
GeoCalc COGO - Surveying/Engineering Applications Software
Page 11
SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS
GeoCalc's COGO is designed to be run on the IBM PC, PC-XT,
PC-AT, and all close compatibles.
The software requires:
1) 640 Kb of RAM memory.
2) A video display adapter conforming to the IBM Color
Graphics Adapter (CGA) or Enhanced Graphics
Adapter (EGA).
3) A monochrome or color monitor.
4) Two (2) disk drives (optionally, a hard disk).
5) Optionally, a printer.
Version 1.22 does not support a color screen display.
THE INCLUDED FILES
Version 1.22 of GeoCalc's COordinate GeOmetry program MUST
include all original files on the distribution diskette. If
any files are missing, please notify the source from which
you obtained the program that it is incomplete, then contact
GeoCalc Software Systems Co., Inc. to obtain the original
distribution disk, as per the instructions on page 6.
Ver. 1.22 consists of about a dozen programs and files that
normally contain approximately 600Kb. However, to make the
distribution process less costly and inconvenient, the
programs have been combined and squeezed by a compression
utility (ARC.EXE) onto 1 diskette. This utility will also
allow you to unsqueeze and separate the programs into the
format described on the next page. As distributed on the
squeezed/combined distribution diskette, the programs are as
follows:
DISTRIBUTION DISK (Compressed/Squeezed)
1) READTHIS.NOW The text file that describes the
unsqueeze process
2) RUN.ARC The squeezed COGO PROGRAM files
3) DOC.ARC The squeezed DOCUMENTATION files
4) ARC.EXE The utility program that unsqueezes
all program/documentation files.
From the DOS ready prompt A>, type the command:
TYPE READTHIS.NOW
Instructions will scroll on your monitor that will describe
how to unsqueeze/separate the archived (compressed) files
onto two new diskettes.
When the unsqueeze instructions are on your monitor screen,
press the [SHIFT] and [PrtSc] keys simultaneously to dump the
screen to your printer. Now, perform the instructions.
GeoCalc COGO - Surveying/Engineering Applications Software
Page 12
SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS
Once the distribution diskette has been unsqueezed/separated,
you will have 2 "original" diskettes with the following
files:
COGO PROGRAM DISKETTE
1) AUTOEXEC.BAT The batch file that "starts" COGO
2) COGO .EXE The preliminary .EXEcutable program
3) COGO1 .EXE The primary .EXEcutable program
4) CONFIG .EXE Utility to configure default drives
5) CONFIG .DAT Data file containing default program
& data drive assignments (A and B)
COGO DOCUMENTATION DISK
1) README .BAT The file that prints README.DOC
2) README .DOC The preliminary print instructions
3) TEST .BAT The file that prints TEST.DOC
4) TEST .DOC The printer top-of-form/margin test
5) PRINT .BAT The file that prints COGO.DOC
6) COGO .DOC The primary DOCument/REFerence file
7) CG234PRO.INP A "PROper" sample BATCH file
8) CG234COM.INP A "COMmon" sample BATCH file
Programs #2 through #5 of COGO PROGRAM DISK (the program
disk) M U S T be present so that the program functions
properly.
NOTE: For purposes of description, please consider your
squeezed/combined disk (with the ARC.EXE program on it)
to be the "DISTRIBUTION DISKETTE".
The 2 diskettes that are produced from the DISTRIBUTION
DISKETTE, containing the unsqueezed/separated COGO
PROGRAM and DOCUMENTATION files will be called the
"ORIGINAL" DISKETTES.
As a point of clarification, the DISTRIBUTION diskette
is simply a convenient medium with which we can get the
package to you; the files on it are not intended to be
run as COGO. The two "original" diskettes that it
'gives birth' to, however, are intended to be used as
archive and working diskettes.
GeoCalc COGO - Surveying/Engineering Applications Software
Page 13
BACKING UP YOUR DISKETTES
The very first thing you must do is back-up your disks.
Immediately place write-protect tabs on the "original" COGO
disks; if you goof up, you will not have destroyed your (for
now) only copies. Have at least 6 blank diskettes ready and
then perform the back-up as follows:
1) FORMAT 2 BLANK SYSTEM DISKS:
a) Place your DOS disk in drive A.
b) Place a blank disk in drive B.
c) Type FORMAT B:/S from the DOS ready prompt A>.
d) Format one more disk this way, then answer "N"
when you are asked to format a third disk.
2) FORMAT 4 BLANK DATA DISKS:
a) Place your DOS disk in drive A.
b) Place a blank disk in drive B.
c) Type FORMAT B: (not /S) from the DOS ready prompt A>.
d) Format three (3) more disks this way, then answer "N"
when you are asked to format a fifth data disk.
3) CREATE 2 COPIES OF YOUR "ORIGINAL" COGO PROGRAM DISK:
a) Place your "ORIGINAL" COGO PROGRAM DISK in drive A.
b) Place one of your 2 formatted system disks in drive B.
c) Type COPY *.* B:/V. The "V" switch will verify copy.
d) Remove disk from drive B and label "COGO BACKUP", put a
write-protect tab on it, then squirrel it away to a
safe place as your backup (never use it, just make more
working copies with it).
e) Make a second copy with the remaining blank system disk
as per instructions 3a to 3c (above) but label this one
"COGO WORKING COPY" and DO NOT USE A WRITE-PROTECT TAB.
f) Remove "ORIGINAL COGO PROGRAM DISK" and put it away
in a safe place as your "archive" copy (only to be used
to make another COGO BACKUP disk if your backup copy
becomes damaged). You now have 2 program disk backups!
4) CREATE 2 COPIES OF THE "ORIGINAL" COGO DOCUMENTATION DISK:
a) Use 2 of the 4 data disks you formatted.
b) Use instructions 3a to 3f (above) except label the
copies COGO DOC BACKUP and COGO DOC WORKING COPY.
5) Use the remaining 2 formatted non-system data disks to
contain the COGO point files that you will create as you
use COGO. Label them "COGODATA #1" and "COGODATA #2".
As a precaution, if any disks report "xxxx bad sectors" after
formatting, get rid of them. The cost of one floppy disk
isn't worth the wear and tear on your nerves trying to figure
out why the software isn't executing properly.
ALWAYS KEEP SEVERAL BLANK FORMATTED "DATA" DISKS ON HAND! YOU
NEVER WANT TO GET CAUGHT WITH A COMPUTER FULL OF COORDINATE
VALUES AND NO DATA DISKS TO SAVE THEM TO, OR JUST AS BAD,
DATA DISKS THAT DON'T QUITE HAVE ENOUGH ROOM. ALSO, AS A
PRECAUTION, ALWAYS MAKE BACKUPS OF YOUR IMPORTANT COORDINATE
FILES TO A 2ND DATA DISK AND/OR TO A 2ND FILE NUMBER ON THE
SAME DISK. A LITTLE PRECAUTION CAN SAVE A LOT OF GRIEF.
DO NOT WRITE-PROTECT YOUR WORKING COPY OF THE PROGRAM DISK!
GeoCalc COGO - Surveying/Engineering Applications Software
Page 14
CONFIGURING YOUR PROGRAM DISK
Before running the COGO program, you should configure the
disk drive assignments to your particular system. As the
disks are supplied, the program disk is defaulted to drive
[A] and the data disk is defaulted to drive [B].
To reconfigure:
1) Place the COGO WORKING COPY program disk in drive [A].
2) From the DOS ready prompt [A>], type: CONFIG
3) Identify the disk drive which will contain your COGO
program disk, then press the [RETURN] key.
4) Identify the disk drive which will contain your coordinate
data disks, then press the [RETURN] key.
At the completion of this configuration routine, a file will
be written to the COGO WORKING COPY program disk called
CONFIG.DAT. From this point on, every time you run the COGO
program, file CONFIG.DAT will be searched and read.
If you have a HARD DISK DRIVE, observe the above instructions
exactly as stated (specifying drive "C" or "D" or... as the
program drive and your choice of data drive "B" or "A" or...)
then copy the contents of the entire program disk to your
hard drive's subdirectory AFTER having first created that
subdirectory and naming it COGO or whatever subdirectory name
you choose. For instructions on how to create a
subdirectory, see the MKDIR command of your DOS manual.
GeoCalc COGO - Surveying/Engineering Applications Software
Page 15
A HISTORY OF COGO
Formally developed as a data input/output language for
engineering/geometry/roadwork applications on computers,
COordinate GeOmetry (COGO) was originally conceived by
Professor Charles L. Miller of M.I.T. in 1959 on an I.B.M.
705 mainframe computer, for use by the Puerto Rican Dept. of
Public Works. The first production version was implemented
in 1960 for the IBM 1620 mainframe. Dr. Miller's first COGO
was a stunning achievement conceptually and practically,
since it was made to work when the computers of the day were
not generally capable of such applications. The 1620 had a
total memory of only 8K bytes, no disk or tape storage, could
only add by looking up digits in an addition table, held 99
points per job, occupied an entire room, and had less
computing power than some of today's programmable hand
calculators.
The original COGO was revised and adapted by others; some of
these versions being extremely popular improvements. In
1969, after five years of work, James R. Requa of Chas. H.
Sells, Inc., Consulting Engineers & Surveyors, completed
revisions on the original COGO source code. Mr. Requa
adapted the program to run on the newer I.B.M. model 1130
mainframe and made many significant improvements and
modifications to the source code. These included adding
about 50 commands, being able to hold 9,999 points per job,
and the ability to output to a plotter. Revisions and
rewrites such as this helped to evolve today's COGO's into
programs that are many times more powerful than the original.
Of particular note, however, is the fact that the basic
concepts, syntax, and vocabulary have remained essentially
the same. The modified program, SELLS COGO, was then
formally placed into the "public domain" by Mr. Requa and
Charles H. Sells, Inc.
At that time, there was no requirement, need, or incentive to
copyright software since the potential markets were almost
non-existent - almost any organization with the capital to
purchase a multi-million dollar computer could well afford
programmers to design and write custom applications programs
"in house", and usually did. Most standard software was
non-proprietary and usually "bundled" with the computer by
the computer manufacturer, being particular to that unique
computer system. The purchase and/or use of "canned"
software was the exception, since very little "plain vanilla"
source code was written. It was not considered that
prepackaged software would be sold "off the shelf", and if
you had mentioned to programmers of the day that software
would be available on blister cards or shrink wrapped,
hanging on wire-frame display racks, you would have been
writing code in a padded room, since de-bundling was not even
considered until the mid 1960's. The albatross of copy
protection did not then appear until the advent of the
microcomputer and software mass marketing.
GeoCalc COGO - Surveying/Engineering Applications Software
Page 16
A HISTORY OF COGO
Mr. Requa's revised version of "SELLS COGO" for the I.B.M.
1130 mainframe is the basis for GeoCalc's COGO, which is
designed strictly for microcomputer operation and enhanced as
described in this documentation. GeoCalc's COGO was written
in high and low level languages.
It has been the experience of the authors of GeoCalc's COGO
that most coordinate geometry programs are modeled after the
original (in fact, many are almost exact replicas), but we
have never seen the early pioneers who created the concept
and methodology known as coordinate geometry properly
credited, so we have taken this opportunity to do so. Anyone
who routinely crunches numbers on a grid, via computer, is
indebted to all of those who took part in the creation of the
first COGO's, particularly Dr. Miller and Mr. Requa. The
next time you leisurely and conveniently feed your known
project data into the computer, press the [ENTER] key, then
get 3 hours of calculations reduced to 30 seconds (and a
printout to boot) using over 14 digits of numerical
precision, tip one to the Miller development teams and a
second to the Requa group.
GeoCalc Software Systems Co., Inc. would also like to thank
Chas. H. Sells, Inc. and Mr. Ronald G. Leers (of Sells Inc.)
for their aid and assistance; Dr. Charles L. Miller, who has
continually improved and updated his COGO through his firm,
CLM/Associates; and Mr. James Requa of TerraGraphics, who is
likewise marketing a version of his original adaptation. We
especially thank all of these people for their time and
assistance in providing us with the proper details and
chronology of events from a developmental and historical
perspective.
GeoCalc COGO - Surveying/Engineering Applications Software
Page 17
TERMINOLOGY, APPLICATION TECHNIQUES
Since GeoCalc's COGO is an "Industry Specific" software
package expressly for the needs of the surveying and
engineering professions, no instruction or discussions of a
tutorial nature on the theory or methodology of problem
solutions is considered appropriate in this documentation.
However, for any registered novices or registered
institutions (such as colleges) with many novices or junior
level technicians, GeoCalc Software Systems will be more than
glad to provide telephone assistance and counseling on the
techniques of using COGO in an efficient manner.
Also, it will be assumed that generally accepted terminology
or "buzzwords" need not be defined or explained; but, in the
interests of standardization to avoid ambiguity, such
"buzzwords" will be avoided where possible, and explained
where necessary.
Although many of the commands of COGO are quite powerful and
complex, this documentation was designed to simply and
clearly convey the exact function of those commands. Because
of the complex geometry intrinsic to many of the commands,
sketches and drawings would most suitably supplement this
documentation; in some cases, in fact, a sketch is almost
vital.
However, the logistics and physical nature of the
distribution system which provided your GeoCalc COGO
(Version 1.22) also prevents us from providing you with
those necessary sketches. By its very nature, this
documentation file (COGO.DOC) is an ASCII file; it is
designed simply and in a straightforward manner to output to
most any printer on the market (and your monitor screen). It
is not as simple to make your printer mix text and graphics
(required for sketches), if in fact your printer does have
that capability. Since we cannot provide sketches with
version 1.22, they will be provided to registered users only,
who will also receive the latest version's bound
documentation.
Educational institutions that register over 10 copies, in
addition to receiving discounted registration fees, will
also receive a COGO course outline for purposes of installing
a 12 week COordinate GeOmetry/CADD course in their
curriculum. This will also be accompanied by an expanded
BATCH disk which will demonstrate in greater detail the
commands of COGO (a "show N' tell"). Also, COGO->CADD
demonstrations will be included.
GeoCalc COGO - Surveying/Engineering Applications Software
Page 18
BOOTING THE COGO PROGRAM
If the instructions for making backups of your original
distribution disk have been followed, you now have four
working diskettes (plus your DOS disk) on hand:
1) The COGO WORKING COPY
2) The COGO DOC WORKING COPY
3) 2 blank formatted data disks.
plus
Your system (DOS) disk
1) OUTPUT THE DOCUMENTATION TO YOUR PRINTER.
a) Place your DOS disk in drive A.
b) Turn the computer on and answer the DOS prompts.
c) Place the COGO DOC WORKING COPY in drive A.
d) Type README, then press the [RETURN] key.
e) Follow the instructions. Remove DOC disk when done.
2) "BOOT-UP" THE COGO PROGRAM.
The COGO PROGRAM disk should contain file AUTOEXEC.BAT. This
automatically gets COGO running if the COGO WORKING COPY
program disk is in the default drive when the computer is
powered up. It contains the command: COGO.
To run COGO from a cold start (the computer is off):
a) Place your COGO WORKING COPY disk in drive A.
d) Place a blank, formatted data disk in drive B.
b) Turn the computer on. Execution is automatic.
In the event the AUTOEXEC.BAT file is missing, create it
yourself (consult your DOS manual), or, do the following:
a) Place your COGO WORKING COPY program disk in drive A.
d) Place a blank, formatted data disk in drive B.
b) Turn the computer on and answer the DOS prompts.
f) At the DOS A> prompt, type COGO, then [RETURN].
NOTE: For multi or hard disk systems, the program will save
cogo files and data to the DEFAULT DATA DRIVE specified
during the configuration process. This drive may (or
may not) be the hard drive.
The COGO program will load into the computer, an introductory
screen will display briefly, then you will find the cursor
flashing next to the COGO prompt (>>). At this point you may
start a COGO job (S O J ###), or, press the ALT+Z key
combination to find out what commands are available.
*****************************************
* DO NOT WRITE-PROTECT THE PROGRAM DISK *
*****************************************
GeoCalc COGO - Surveying/Engineering Applications Software
Page 19
PLOTTING
All versions of COGO sent to registered users will be
supplied with a stand-alone CADD (Computer Aided Design &
Drafting) program which will accept the coordinate files
created by GeoCalc's COGO. It will also allow you to draw
and/or plot the COGO figures on your plotter or dot matrix
printer, including layering of up to 256 levels of figures
and/or structures in layers, creation/design/placement of
text, zooming, rotation, etc.
FLIP-UP CALCULATOR
Registered users of COGO will also receive a "flip-up",
RAM-resident HP-11C RPN programmable calculator emulator
which places a complete, functional HP-11C clone on the
screen. It has 20 data memories (which can be screen
listed), 4 stack registers (which can be screen listed), and
a 500 step program memory (which can be listed to screen or
printer and/or saved/loaded to diskette).
NOTEPAD TEXT EDITOR
All registered versions of COGO will be sent with the "NOTEPAD"
RAM-resident word processor. This will allow immediate
creation of batch files while WITHIN the COGO program without
having to exit to separate editors or word processors.
DOS FUNCTIONS
Registered user's versions will also allow you to address the
DOS functions such as COPY, DIR, RENAME, ERASE, FORMAT, etc.
without leaving COGO. You can format a fresh disk, for
example, while still in COGO, then save coordinates to it.
SHAREWARE EXCLUSION
Because of proprietary considerations, both the CADD system
and HP-11C Calculator emulator are NOT included with this
version 1.22 of COGO through public domain distribution
channels, but registered users may receive both the CADD
system and the Calculator with the latest version of COGO.
BOUND DOCUMENTATION
Registered users will also receive a bound, annotated/revised
copy of this documentation with the latest version of COGO,
containing sketches and drawings depicting the geometry of
worked examples.
LATER CHANGES
GeoCalc Software Systems Company, Inc. reserves the right to
alter or amend its products or offerings. However, this will
not be done without re-releasing version 1.22 through the
"Public Domain" software distribution network to "announce"
significant changes, if so warranted.
GeoCalc COGO - Surveying/Engineering Applications Software
Page 20
GENERAL FILE STRUCTURE
All coordinates that are created by COGO may be saved to the
data disk in the default drive (which we will assume will be
drive B from now on) under an identifying filename. This
filename takes the form of a 3-digit FILE NUMBER that
uniquely identifies your coordinate file as it resides on the
data disk. The FILE NUMBER consists of any three-digit
number in the range 1 to 999. When the file is first created
on the data disk, COGO will prefix the letters "CG" to your
file number automatically, in the form CGxxx. A typical disk
directory's COGO data files may look like this:
...................................
...................................
...................................
CG135 1024 11-27-86 12:02p
CG557 3273 1-17-87 2:42p
CG004 32051 10-23-86 10:15a
CG669 256 1-20-87 1:05p
CG085 512 1-20-87 11:42a
...................................
...................................
GeoCalc's COGO files are structured so as to contain all
relevant information internally in a single file, each of
which has three distinct elements:
1) The header/label section.
2) The coordinate section.
3) The figure section.
Some COGO's use 2 or 3 separate disk files to contain the
header, figure, and coordinate information (as opposed to 1
single file). The benefits of using a single file to contain
this information was given much consideration and adopted for
use in GeoCalc's COGO on the basis that:
1) Your disks are much less cluttered
(and much more organized/readable)
2) Your disks can hold more files
(physically and logically)
3) Your disks can hold more coordinates
Items 2 and 3 may seem redundant at first, but it must be
considered that using DOS 2.0+ without the use of
sub-directories, only 128 files total can be saved to any one
disk. The file names are stored in what is known as the
disk's [F]ile [A]llocation [T]able which can only hold 128
entries per directory. Thus, if 3 or more files are created
for each COGO job, then the maximum number of COGO jobs that
can be saved to disk is 128/3 = 40+ jobs, if you consider
only the available space in the FAT.
GeoCalc COGO - Surveying/Engineering Applications Software
Page 21
GENERAL FILE STRUCTURE
Although it is of little concern to most of us, there are 2
different ways to fill up a disk; by filling up the FAT with
up to 128 filenames, or, filling up the disk with over 362Kb
of data. You will in fact run out of disk space if you have
128 COGO files of 50 bytes each (a total of only 6,400 bytes
on the disk), or, if you have only 1 file that exceeds
362,000 bytes.
Other COGO's often require you to pre-define the size of your
data files, establishing a maximum size, before you run the
job. This partitions the disk by setting aside the space for
that amount of coordinates before they are created. However,
if you estimate too high, you have wasted data space; if you
estimate too low, you must re-define the space allocation.
GeoCalc's COGO has a "dynamic" file allocation structure; it
assigns disk space to data as it is created, not before. The
user therefore need not be concerned with fixing or
estimating the size of the file before it is created. In
this way, all file functions are "invisible" to the user who
may run his jobs and conduct his business without having to
be bothered with messy maintenance tasks. The trade-off is
that file access is relatively slower for large files;
however, since the slowdown is not appreciable and large
files are the exception rather than the rule, we considered
this a minor factor (although a speedup is being worked on).
SPECIFYING AND USING FIGURES
During the course of a COGO job, all coordinates that define
points are created and assigned to point numbers. At the
completion of the job, all these point numbers and
coordinates are saved to disk when you invoke the END OF JOB
or END OF RUN commands. Occasionally, however, you may find
it necessary to use those commands that treat entire figures
as a single entity. In most cases, you can describe the
figure (which may only be a small part of the entire
coordinate file) as a string of point numbers. For example,
the AREA command is invoked thusly:
AREA (34 15 23 45 78 901 17 23 34)
From this command, the area of the figure defined by points
34, 15, 23, 45, 78, 901, 17, 23, and back to 34 again is
computed. For small figures, this is a convenient and
efficient data entry format. However, what if the figure
were large; defined by 50 or 100 points instead of only 7 ?
Having to enter 50 or 100 numbers each time you invoked a
command would be a severe inconvenience. Fortunately, a
method exists so that one or more individual figures can be
defined WITHIN a coordinate file.
************************************************************
* KEEP YOUR FIGURE NUMBERS NUMERICALLY LOW (FOR SPEED) *
************************************************************
GeoCalc COGO - Surveying/Engineering Applications Software
Page 22
SPECIFYING AND USING FIGURES
By using the command STORE FIGURE, you can specify any group
of points (up to 999, which may repeat - for a total of 9999)
as a figure. In fact, you can specify more than 1 figure (up
to 99) in any coordinate file. These figures could be
thought of as pseudo-files, in the sense that they are unique
definitions of geometric figures; they are not, however,
coordinate files in themselves. A figure, as it resides
within the coordinate file on disk, simply contains the point
numbers (but not coordinate values) of the points defining
the angles of your figure arranged in the order which you
have specified. As an example, suppose you have created a
subdivision containing 12 individual parcels. All angle
points of all parcels, including street centerline
intersections, have been defined and assigned point numbers
from 1 to 87. The coordinates of 4-sided parcel #1 are
numbered 5, 64, 4, and 17; the coordinates of 7 sided parcel
#7 are 6, 9, 27, 3, 82, 11, and 14. Each of these parcels
may be individually specified as a figure. They can be
retrieved at a later time whenever the same FILE NUMBER is
accessed. The command STORE FIGURE 1 (5 64 4 17 5) would
create figure #1. STORE FIGURE 7 (6 9 27 3 82 11 14 6) would
likewise create figure #7. Figure #'s are then used instead,
i.e. AREA BEARINGS 7 or TRAVERSE ANGLES 1.
CURVE DEFINITIONS WITHIN FIGURES
Also, curves may be defined within the structure of the
figure definition. For example, traversing along a tangent
from point #6 to point #9, extending along a back tangent to
"Point of Curvature" #27, extending at a right angle (to the
left) to the Vertex of a vertex point #3, extending at a
right angle (to the right) to "Point of Tangency" point #82,
extending along the foreward tangent to a point on foreward
tangent #11, then back to point #6 describes a curve:
9 --------- 27(PC) By using the following
| | format, this curve can
| | -Radii be defined within the
| | | figure:
| (V)3 ---- 82(PT)
| | PC V PC
| | STO FIG 1 (6 9 27 C3L 82 11 6)
| | ^ ^
| POB |
6 ---------------- 11
Note that the PC is followed by the letter C (Center of
Curve) immediately followed by the point number of the Vertex
(3) immediately followed by the direction of the arc (to the
right - R). When this format is used to define a curve
within a figure, it is treated as a curve in all applicable
calculations. In this particular example, the AREA command
AREA 1 would give the area of the above specified figure
including or excluding the segment of the arc. See the
instructions for the command STORE FIGURE and page 31.
GeoCalc COGO - Surveying/Engineering Applications Software
Page 23
COMMAND LIST
No. COMMAND No. COMMAND
~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
1 Adjust Area 51 Locate Angle
2 Alignment 52 Locate Azimuth
3 Alignment Offset 53 Locate Bearing
4 Angles 54 Locate Deflection
5 Arc Arc Intersect 55 Locate From Alignment
6 Arc Line Azimuth 56 Locate Line
7 Arc Line Bearing 57 Offset Alignment
8 Arc Line Points 58
9 Area 59 Parallel Figure
10 Area Azimuth 60 Parallel Line
11 Area Bearing 61 Points Azimuth Intersect
12 Azimuth Intersect 62 Points Bearing Intersect
13 63 Points Intersect
14 64 Points On Alignment
15 65 Redefine
16 Batch Print 66 Segment
17 Batch Screen 67 Segment Plus
18 Bearing Intersect 68 Segment Minus
19 Compound Spiral 69 Simple Curve
20 Convert Meridian 70 Simple Spiral
21 Coordinate Offset 71 Spiral Length
22 Coordinate Point on Arc 72 Spiral Offset
23 Coordinate Point on Spiral 73 Spiral Spiral
24 Copy File 74 Start Of Job
25 Curve Spiral 75 Station And Offset
26 Define Curve 76 Station From Coordinates
27 Delete Coordinates 77 Store
28 Delete Figure 78 Store Figure
29 Describe Alignment Azimuth 79 Store Job
30 Describe Alignment Bearing 80 Streets Intersect
31 Distance 81
32 Divide Arc 82 Tangent
33 Divide Figure 83 Tangent Offset
34 Divide Line 84 Traverse Angles
35 End Of Job 85 Traverse Azimuths
36 End Of Run 86 Traverse Bearings
37 Extend Arc 87 Traverse Deflections
38 Figure Arc Intersect 88 Type Print
39 Figure Figure Intersect 89 Type Screen
40 Figure Line Intersect
41 Fit Alignment
42 Fit Curve ALT Z - Main Menu
43 Get Coordinates ALT F - In/Ft Table
44 Get Figures
45 Inverse Azimuth ----------------------------------
46 Inverse Bearing | NOTE: The menu, as it appears |
47 Line Spiral | on the screen when |
48 List Coordinates | invoked by ALT+Z, |
49 List Figures | is listed on page 32. |
50 List Files ----------------------------------
GeoCalc COGO - Surveying/Engineering Applications Software
Page 24
GEOCALC'S COGO - AN OVERVIEW
COGO, or COordinate GeOmetry, is a formal, defined system of
data entry which accepts input variables and then outputs
calculated resultants; all computations, input, and output
are relative to a coordinate grid assumed by the operator.
For those who have not yet been exposed to COGO, it can be
thought of as a programming language in much the same sense
that you "program" your hand calculator to resolve problems.
Generally, most COGO applications programs fall into two
standard categories: COMMAND GENERATED and MENU GENERATED.
COMMAND GENERATED COGO's are intrinsically efficient after
the "language" of the data input/output is learned, since a
1-line command will accomplish the function. For example, to
assign a coordinate value from point #1 to point #2, with a
bearing of N 24 13 17.25 W and a course distance of 1245.678,
you typically will type the following (on 1 line):
LOCATE BEARING 1 2 N 24 13 17.25 W 1245.678
[Press RETURN]
If the known coordinates of point #1 were N 1000.0000 and
E1000.0000, the coordinates N 2136.0166 & E 488.9424
would then appear on the screen. There are no menus to
select and all functions are immediately available. However,
expertise in using the program must be attained and
maintained. Also, few command oriented COGO's allow data
input strictly from the numeric keypad. For the non-typist
(or even a true peck artist) this slows down the rate of data
entry by making you alternately jump between the QWERTY
(alphabetic) and numeric keypads when you really should be
concentrating on your project geometry and data input/output,
using the numeric keypad wherever and whenever possible.
MENU GENERATED COGO's are ordinarily considered superior for
the occasional user or beginner, since all functions are
"prompted" on the screen, usually by selecting menu numbers.
The user is then led step-by-step through the data entry
process, entering input data exclusively through the numeric
keypad and menu choices mostly via the numeric keypad.
GeoCalc's COGO represents many hours of design and coding
with the goal of producing a convenient yet efficient method
of data entry and resultant display. It is a standard
COMMAND GENERATED COGO with the advantages inherent to that
type, while also being a MENU GENERATED COGO for those
unwilling to commit the commands to memory. In fact, as
later described, the commands can be accomplished by either
typing them (or their abbreviations) or by using a
menu-selected numerical code. In this manner, we have hoped
to present as versatile and convenient a package as possible
so that everyone would find the program as easy-to-learn AND
efficient as it could possibly be.
GeoCalc COGO - Surveying/Engineering Applications Software
Page 25
GEOCALC'S COGO - AN OVERVIEW
There are several restrictions to version 1.22 that should be
recognized:
1) There is a limit of 999 points & 99 figures per file.
2) No balancing or error distribution is supported.
3) No screen, printer, or plotter drawing is supported.
4) No sketches or worked examples are illustrated.
All of these limits and restrictions are removed in versions
sent to registered users.
During the design and coding of GeoCalc's COGO, special
efforts were made to make the overall program less cryptic
and intimidating than some COGO's we have seen (and fondly
used). This was accomplished by use of the Main Menu, which
is otherwise known as a "flip-up". By simply pressing the
ALT and Z keys, a full menu of all command choices will
flip-up; pressing the ALT+Z combination again will then make
it flip-down. The on-screen menu is thus available at all
times for those who are not sure of their commands.
ON-LINE HELP
(Registered Users Only)
At any time (except during data input), you may access
on-line help by typing a question mark, followed by the menu
number of the command you need help with. For example,
suppose you forget the input format for the command ARC LINE
AZIMUTH. First, make sure the menu number is correct by
calling the menu (ALT+Z). The menu number is 6. Now, just
type ?6 and press [RETURN]. The help file will display:
-----------------------------------------------------------
| ARC LINE AZIMUTH |
| |
| No Command Description |
| ~~ ~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~ |
| 6 A L A I V R P A M / OFF |
| |
| Locate point I by intersecting a circle whose vertex is |
| at V and whose radius is R, with the line through point |
| P on an azimuth (or optionally, a bearing) of A. OFF is |
| an optional offset distance of the azimuth line. +M is |
| a specified point # closest to the intended intersect, |
| & -M is a specified point # farthest from the intended |
| intersect. |
| |
| >>_ |
-----------------------------------------------------------
The help file will remain on the screen until it scrolls off
naturally.
GeoCalc COGO - Surveying/Engineering Applications Software
Page 26
GEOCALC'S COGO - AN OVERVIEW
Although no file storage (except CONFIG.DAT) should occur on
the COGO WORKING COPY program disk, don't put a write-protect
tab on this disk. Certain initialization procedures during
COGO startup require the ability to write to the program disk
for internal/system purposes.
*******************************
* *
* DON'T WRITE-PROTECT *
* THE PROGRAM DISK! *
* *
*******************************
Although mentioned at other points throughout this
documentation, you are again cautioned that the ONLY way to
end the COGO program is by calling the END OF RUN command.
If you exit by any other means, you will almost certainly
lose any coordinates you may have created.
**************************************************
* EXIT COGO VIA THE "END OF RUN" COMMAND ONLY! *
**************************************************
RAM-RESIDENT UTILITIES
An additional caveat concerns "RAM resident" utilities: be
extremely careful which ones you use, the order in which they
are "loaded", and their effect on and compatability with
COGO. The HP-11C emulator works fine with COGO, and so does
Borland's Sidekick (load the HP-11C emulator first, Sidekick
second); but change the HP-11C emulator "hot keys" to
[ALT]+[X]. We have found that other "RAM resident" utilities
can produce some extremely erratic activity with COGO.
Before you use any utility other than (or with) Sidekick &/or
the calculator emulator, try it out under all possible
conditions. To go a step further, we don't recommend any
utilities (including such seemingly innocent and innocuous
creatures as print spoolers) other than the HP-11C emulator.
GeoCalc COGO - Surveying/Engineering Applications Software
Page 27
OPERATING CONVENTIONS
INPUT
-----
Input consists of a COMMAND in the "language" of COGO,
followed by the specified input data particular to that
command, as described in the command descriptions. Input is
normally interactive through the keyboard, or may be
"batched" via ASCII (.INP) files on the data diskette.
MISSING DATA
------------
If a command is entered without variables or data, then
processing will not occur and 2 BEEPs will sound; you must
now LEAVE COLUMN #1 OF THE NEXT LINE BLANK in order for COGO
to accept the input data. Likewise for multi-line input.
However, if you mistakenly enter a data value (from 1 to 99)
in that 1st column, COGO will assume a new command, which
could cause an unintended blunder of major proportions.
COMMENTS
--------
If there is an asterisk (*) anywhere on the input line,
anything typed after the asterisk will be reproduced as
comments in the output. If there are two asterisks (**) in
the 1st and 2nd columns, anything typed after the asterisks
will be reproduced as comments on the top of the next output
page. A comment may occupy an entire line by itself, or may
follow the last data item on a line (similar to the REMark
function of the BASIC programming language).
ABBREVIATIONS
-------------
All commands can be entered by using abbreviations of those
commands. At least the 1st letter of each command word must
be entered plus enough additional letters to uniquely
identify that command. The command words (or abbreviated
words) must be separated by spaces. For example to LOCATE
BEARING, you may use LOC BEAR, LC BE, L BRG, L BG, etc. If
the abbreviation is ambiguous, it will not be accepted.
COMMAND CODES
-------------
To make life a little more exciting for those who crave coded
commands, all of the commands have numeric equivalents. All
commands can thus be entered using their code numbers, in
conjunction with the flip-up menu. For example, to perform
ARC LINE BEARING just type a 7, then the input variables.
PRECISION
---------
Although the original 1160 COGO was limited to a precision of
9 significant digits (which was somewhat improved by origin
reduction techniques to 12 digits), all calculations in
GeoCalc's COGO are performed to 14 significant digits of
precision. Output displays may be rounded (distances,
coordinates, & stationing to 4 places, angles to 3 places,
etc.) but they are still computed to full 14 digit precision.
GeoCalc COGO - Surveying/Engineering Applications Software
Page 28
OPERATING CONVENTIONS
STATIONING
----------
Stationing is entered, where applicable, as decimal feet.
For example, STAtion 12+34.567 is entered as 1234.567 feet.
OUTPUT
------
Output is to the screen, printer, or disk.
ANGULAR (DMS FORMAT)
--------------------
Angles or directions must be entered in degrees, minutes, and
seconds format with spaces between them. For example, 45 25
23.23 would be valid. If you wish to omit seconds, simply
terminate the minutes with a decimal point; such as 45 25.
If you wish to omit minutes and seconds, simply terminate the
degrees with a decimal point, such as 45. or 7.
BEARINGS
--------
Bearings may be entered by prefixing and suffixing them with
their cardinal directions: N E S W. For example N 45 25. W,
or S23 23 45.23E.
QUADRANT CODES
--------------
So that an entire job can almost be run from the numeric
keypad only, COGO will allow input bearings to be identified
by their quadrant numbers: 1=Northeast, 2=Southeast,
3=Southwest, 4=Northwest. If quadrant numbers are
chosen, you will be able to enter the line directions from
the numeric keypad instead of having to enter the cardinal
directions from the QWERTY keypad.
AZIMUTHS
--------
Azimuths are measured clockwise from north and are entered
according to the rules for angular input as described above.
DIRECTION SIGN
--------------
Angles/azimuths right/clockwise are entered as positive
values; angles/azimuths left/counterclockwise are entered by
preceding the degrees (only) with a minus sign.
ANGULAR EXPRESSIONS
-------------------
You may input angles/directions by specifying them as
expressions within parentheses. The expression may include
addition and/or subtraction of angles/directions. Bearings,
however, must be specified by their cardinal directions of
N S E W (not quadrant numbers).
GeoCalc COGO - Surveying/Engineering Applications Software
Page 29
OPERATING CONVENTIONS
ANGULAR DELIMITERS
------------------
You may enter angles/directions indirectly by use of the
delimiters "A" for azimuths or bearings, and "G" for angles.
The input format for azimuths or bearings is A BP# FP#, where
A is the azimuth or bearing delimiter, BP# is the back point
number of the direction, and FP# is the foreward point number
of the direction. To input angles, use format G BP# AP# FP#,
where G is the angle delimiter, BP# is the backsight point
number, AP# is the angle point number, and FP# is the
foresight point number.
DISTANCE
--------
Distances may be entered as is, or as with angles/directions,
as an expression in parentheses. The input distances may be
summed as: (300+200-137.254). A negative distance will also
create a back extension of a line.
DISTANCE DELIMITER
-----------------
The use of the "D" distance delimiter allows a distance
between two points to be entered even if the actual distance
is not known. For example: D 23 24 will input the distance,
indirectly, from point #23 to point #24.
REPEATABILITY
-------------
All commands (except control commands) may be repeated
without having to reenter the command (or its code #). When
a command is entered in the normal manner and is executed, a
repetition of that command using different variables is
possible without having to re-type the command. After the
command is executed the 1st time, simply type a space in
place of the command (press the [SPACE BAR] one time) then
enter the new variables. When COGO sees this single space,
the prior command will always be executed for as many times
as the blank space occupies the 1st column of succeeding
input strings (applies to .INP files for batching, too).
As previously stated, the directions and distances may be
indirectly input, as follows:
DELIMITER EXAMPLES DESCRIPTION
~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
D D 1 7 Denotes a straight line distance from
point 1 to point 7.
A A 3 6 Denotes the azimuth or bearing from
point 3 to point 6.
G G 1 4 9 Denotes the angle at point 4, clockwise
from 1 to 9.
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OPERATING CONVENTIONS
EXAMPLES OF ANGULAR/DISTANCE INPUT
----------------------------------
227 Distance of 227 feet
227.23458431 Distance of 227.23458431 feet
(227.234584) Distance of 227.234584 feet
D 23 85 Distance between points #23 and #85
(227 + 50.23) Distance sum of 227 and 50.23 feet
(50 - 20 + 10) Distance of 40 feet
(D 25 30 + 227) Distance between points #25 and #30
summed to 227 feet
-43. 43 deg
43 03. 43 deg, 3 min
43 23 05.7 43 deg, 23 min, 5.7 sec
-55 23. 55 deg, 23 min angle (CCW) left
90 00 00.00 90 deg angle (CW) right
90 0 0 90 deg angle (CW) right
+90 0 0 90 deg angle (CW) right
G 234 235 236 Angle right (CW) at point 235, from
point 234 to point 236
(A 235 235 - 230.) Angle between azimuth from points
235 to 236, and azimuth of
230 degrees
S 23 23 23 W BRG S 23 deg 23 min 23 sec W
S23 23 23W BRG S 23 deg 23 min 23 sec W
S23 23 23.4E BRG S 23 deg 23 min 23.4 sec E
N 0. E DUE NORTH
N 0. W DUE NORTH
1 0. DUE NORTH (Quad #)
N 90. E DUE EAST
S 90. E DUE EAST
1 90. DUE EAST (Quad #)
S 0. E DUE SOUTH
S 0. W DUE SOUTH
2 0. DUE SOUTH (Quad #)
S 90. W DUE WEST
N 90. W DUE WEST
3 90. DUE WEST (Quad #)
3 23 23 23.5 BRG S 23 deg 23 min 23.5 sec W
A 235 678 BRG from point 235 to point 678
(S45.W + A 5 8 - A 3 4) BRG S 45 deg W plus the angle
between courses 5 to 8 and
3 to 4
NOTE: At any point in the instructions,
CCW = Counterclockwise
CW = Clockwise
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OPERATING CONVENTIONS
FIGURES
-------
Figures are explained in great detail on page 22. However,
is should be noted that whenever possible, you should specify
all or part of your coordinate files as figures. Using
figures in COGO commands, as opposed to point numbers, is the
most efficient way to manipulate the coordinates. Note the
number of COGO commands that require a coordinate "DESC" as
input. In all cases, "DESC" may be a string of point numbers
OR it can be a single figure number. Obviously, using figure
numbers is much preferable to dealing with whole strings of
point numbers.
FIGURE TRANSPOSITIONS
---------------------
For all commands that use figures as input data, you may
reverse, or transpose the point numbers by following the
figure number or description with the letter (T). This
produces the effect of having entered the points in reversed
order (although it does not permanently alter their order).
For example, using the figure #1 (of above), the command
INVERSE BEARING 1 T would output the bearings/distances in
the order 1 5 4 3 2 1.
UPPER CASE LOCK
---------------
COGO recognizes only upper case input for all commands and
data. So that this requirement poses no inconvenience, the
program will automatically shift the [CapsLock] to upper
case. The [NumLock] toggle, however, will not be altered; it
will remain in cursor control mode as the default. Of course
you can choose between number mode (for quick COGO input) or
cursor mode (for use in memory-resident utilities such as
SIDEKICK). Please note that your [CapsLock] key's LED will
not reflect the CAPS ON status (if your keyboard is so
equipped). When COGO is exited in the normal manner via END
OF RUN, the [CapsLock] will be revoked to its default state
of [CapsLock] off. We realize that this little ammenity is
not a particularly earthshaking feature, but it will help to
prevent mental disintegration brought on by continually
forgetting to manually toggle [CapsLock] when you first power
up (such as the authors experienced with other COGO's).
COORDINATE AREA / FIGURE AREA
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
If, during the S O J, you find that your figure area is equal
to or greater than the coordinate area, store a dummy value
in a point number 50 or 100 points higher than your highest
point number. Better yet, create all of your coordinate
points, if not the majority, before you create figures. We
make these recommendations so that your file access will be
efficient and free of errors. DON'T LET THE COORDINATE AREA
GET EQUAL TO OR GREATER THAN THE FIGURE AREA!
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THE "FLIP UP" MENU
[ALT] + [Z]
GeoCalc's COGO - Main Menu
1 Adj Area 21 Cord Off 41 Fit Align 61 PtsAzInt 81
2 Alignment 22 Cord POA 42 Fit Curve 62 PtsBrgInt 82 Tangent
3 Ali Off 23 Cord POSP 43 Get Cords 63 Pts Int 83 Tan Off
4 Angles 24 Copy File 44 Get Fig 64 PtsOnAli 84 Trav Ang
5 ArcArcInt 25 Crv Sprl 45 Inv Az 65 Redefine 85 Trav Az
6 ArcLinAz 26 Def Curve 46 Inv Brgs 66 Segment 86 Trav Brg
7 ArcLinBrg 27 Del Cords 47 Line Sprl 67 SgmtPlus 87 Trav Dfl
8 ArcLinPts 28 Del Fig 48 List Cord 68 SgmtMinus 88 Type Prt
9 Area 29 DesAliAz 49 List Fig 69 Smpl Curv 89 Type Scrn
10 Area Az 30 DesAliBrg 50 List File 70 Smpl Sprl
11 Area Brg 31 Distance 51 Loc Angle 71 Sprl Lgth
12 Az Int 32 Div Arc 52 Loc Az 72 Sprl Off
13 33 Div Fig 53 Loc Brg 73 Sprl Sprl
14 34 Div Line 54 Loc Defl 74 StrtOfJob
15 35 EndOfJob 55 LocFrmAli 75 StaAndOff
16 Batch Prt 36 EndOfRun 56 Loc Line 76 StaFrmCrd
17 Batch Scr 37 Extnd Arc 57 Off Align 77 Store
18 Brg Int 38 FigArcInt 58 78 Sto Fig
19 Cmpd Sprl 39 FigFigInt 59 Par Fig 79 Sto Job ALT+Z Menu
20 Conv Merd 40 FigLinInt 60 Par Line 80 Sts Int ALT+F In/Ft
THE "FLIP UP" INCH/FOOT CONVERSION TABLE
For those who haven't yet mastered the mental gymnastics of
converting inches to and from decimal feet, a simple
"flip-up" conversion table is available by pressing the [ALT]
and [F] keys simultaneously. This table displays whole and
fractional inches to sixteenths of an inch and their decimal
equivalents to 3 decimal places of a foot. To "flip-down"
the table and return to the unaltered COGO screen, press
[ALT]+[F] again. Alternately, registered user's versions
include a program that can be called interactively from
within COGO to make the conversions via the on-screen
"HP-11C" calculator emulator and "export" the converted
numbers to the last position of the COGO cursor. Although
its not as sexy, we like the flip-up better.
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CONTROL COMMANDS
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Control commands are used to control COGO's jobs and files
(and the flow of those files) by specifying the input/output
devices. Control commands have two unique characteristics:
a) The command is processed between or during a job; other
commands are processed only during a job.
b) Control commands have no repeatability; if a blank command
follows a control command, it will not be interpreted as
being the same command.
The control commands are:
# NAME # NAME
~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
74 Start Of Job 17 Batch Screen
35 End Of Job 16 Batch Print
36 End Of Run 88 Type Print
89 Type Screen
FILE MAINTENANCE COMMANDS
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
COGO allows both temporary and permanent storage of data
files whose contents may be listed or copied.
The file maintenance commands are:
# NAME
~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
50 List File
24 Copy File
79 Store Job
POINTS MANTENANCE COMMANDS
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
These provide the ability to transfer coordinate values of
points from one media to another. They do not provide
geometric functions.
The points maintenance commands are:
# NAME
~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
77 Store
65 Redefine
43 Get Coordinates
27 Delete Coordinates
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FIGURE MAINTENANCE COMMANDS
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
These provide the ability to transfer figures from one media
to another. They do not provide geometric functions. Note
that a figure is composed only of a "string" of point numbers
and not the actual coordinate values of those points, and is
no more than a list of integers and delimiters. This
"string" can describe not only a figure, such as a closed
traverse, but also a group of figures.
The figure maintenance commands are:
# NAME
~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
78 Store Figure
44 Get Figures
28 Delete Figures
LINE & CURVE EXTENSION COMMANDS
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
These commands generally provide the assignment of coordinate
values to user-specified points based on given directions and
distances from known points. Together with the intersection
type commands, they comprise the bulk of COGO's geometric
power and utility. Their use is enhanced by angular and
distance delimiters and expressions.
The line and curve extension commands are:
# NAME
~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
37 Extend Arc
51 Locate Angle
52 Locate Azimuth
53 Locate Bearing
54 Locate Deflection
56 Locate Line
POINTS MOVE COMMANDS
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
These commands replace original coordinate values of points
with new values. CAUTION and CARE is urged since they
permanently alter coordinate values.
The points move commands are:
# NAME
~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
20 Convert Meridian
1 Adjust Area
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Page 35
POINTS DEFINITION COMMANDS
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
These are the "redundant" commands, which will generally
allow a more convenient and efficient geometric solution to a
problem that might have been solved by the use of several
other commands.
The points definition commands are
# NAME # NAME
~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
82 Tangent 42 Fit Curve
83 Tangent Offset 59 Parallel Figure
32 Divide Arc 60 Parallel Line
33 Divide Figure 80 Streets Intersect
34 Divide Line
LINE & CURVE INTERSECTION COMMANDS
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
These commands will compute the intersections of two lines, a
line and a curve, two curves, a line and a figure, a curve
and a figure, or two figures. Each time one of these
commands is invoked, a single point of intersection is
computed. If more than one intersection is possible, as in
the case of intersecting a line with a curve, COGO will
compute all possible intersections and YOU must select the
correct intersection by specifying its proximity (nearest or
farthest) to a pre-selected point of YOUR specification
(usually designated as "M" in the variable data lists).
In all of these commands which utilize figures or straight
lines, you must consider the lines to be extended to infinity
at each of their ends.
The line and curve intersection commands are:
# NAME # NAME
~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
12 Azimuth Intersect 7 Arc Line Bearing
18 Bearing Intersect 8 Arc Line Points
63 Points Intersect 5 Arc Arc Intersect
61 Points Azimuth Intersect 38 Figure Arc Intersect
62 Points Bearing Intersect 39 Figure Figure Intersect
6 Arc Line Azimuth 40 Figure Line Intersect
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Page 36
DATA DISPLAY COMMANDS
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Although these commands do compute values, they neither store
nor modify data but rather display it.
The data display commands are:
# NAME # NAME
~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
48 List Coordinates 84 Traverse Angles
49 List Figures 85 Traverse Azimuths
31 Distance 86 Traverse Bearings
45 Inverse Azimuths 87 Traverse Deflections
46 Inverse Bearings 4 Angles
9 Area 66 Segment
10 Area Azimuths 67 Segment Plus
11 Area Bearings 68 Segment Minus
FIGURE ALIGNENT COMMANDS
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
These commands provide the capability of working with an
entire alignment, including any number of straight lines and
circular curves.
In each of the commands, the alignment to be used is
specified by the first 3 data variables.
The 1st item is the figure number or description to be used
as the alignment, which must be described in ASCENDING order
of stationing (the 2nd point in DESC must have a higher value
than the 1st). If this is NOT the case, then TRANSPOSE the
description by appending the letter "T" to the DESC.
The 2nd item is the point number of the point to be used to
define the stationing, which may be ANY point.
The 3rd item is the station of the above-mentioned point.
NOTE: These commands consider the alignment to be extended
along a tangent of each end when stations are outside
the range of the specified alignment.
The figure alignment commands are:
# NAME
~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
75 Stations And Offsets
64 Points On Alignment
55 Locate From Alignment
3 Alignment Offset
29 Describe Alignment Azimuths
30 Describe Alignment Bearings
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Page 37
SPIRAL COMMANDS
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
These commands augument the preceding FIGURE ALIGNMENT
COMMANDS by introducing spirals to the alignments; in all of
the following commands, the alignments contain spirals.
Several of the commands refer to "spiral in" and "spiral
out". Transitioning from a straight line to a circle is the
spiral in (also known as tangent-to-spiral), and
transitioning from the circle to a straight line is the
spiral out (also known as spiral-to-tangent).
The spiral commands are:
# NAME # NAME
~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
70 Simple Spiral 47 Line Spiral
71 Spiral Length 19 Compound Spiral
72 Spiral Offset 73 Spiral Spiral
23 Coordinate POSP 25 Curve Spiral
41 Fit Alignment
ALIGNMENT COMMANDS
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
These commands are used to define and solve the geometry
associated with alignments, including simple curves,
tangents, offsets, and stationing along the line. All curves
are circular and stations are expressed in decimal feet
(STAtion 23+34.546 is entered as 2334.546).
Note that an ALIGNMENT or DEFINE CURVE command must preceed:
COORDINATE POA COORDINATE OFFSET
OFFSET ALIGNMENT STATION FROM COORDINATE
The ALIGNMENT or DEFINE CURVE commands establishes a circular
curve in memory by storing its parameters (only 1 set at a
time). The above commands then will apply to that curve. If
a 2nd ALIGNMENT or DEFINE CURVE command is given, a new curve
is established, the above commands refer to the new curve,
and the 1st curve no longer exists. Any curve established
and defined will remain in memory until a new curve is
defined. If all of the curve data is known, use the DEFINE
CURVE command to establish the curve in memory; if the curve
has unknown values, use the ALIGNMENT command.
# NAME # NAME
~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
2 Alignment 21 Coordinate Offset
26 Define Curve 76 Stations From Coordinates
22 Coordinate POA 57 Offset Alignment
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Page 38
COMMAND VARIABLE NAMES
The input variables used by the various commands are
explained below; every effort was made to keep the variable
names as simple and as logical as possible. All input
variables must conform to the sequencing that is specified in
the command descriptions on the following pages.
VARIABLE GENERAL DESCRIPTION
~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
I A point # of an Intersection - usually sought.
PC A point # of a Point of Curvature.
PT A point # of a Point of Tangency.
PI A point # of a Point of Intersection.
BS A point # to be used as a BackSight.
BT A point # of a point on Back Tangent.
FS A point # to be used as a ForeSight.
FT A point # of a point on Foreward Tangent.
POA A point # of a Point On Arc.
V A point # of a circle's Vertex or an angle point.
L A point # that begins sequential assignment.
BEGIN A point # that begins a figure or alignment.
END A point # that ends a figure or alignment.
N, J, K A point # - usually specified in the description.
X Value to be specified - usually a distance.
R Value of an arc's Radius.
A Value of a specified Azimuth.
B Value of a specified Bearing.
G Value of a specified anGle.
CA Value of a specified Central Angle of a curve.
DCA Value of a specified Deg of Curve (Arc Definition).
S, STA Value of a Station (STA 1234+12.123)
DS Value dividing a line/arc into equal segments.
F A figure #.
DESC A figure DESCription - either sequential point #'s,
or, a figure #.
/ End of Data marker - any variables after this
marker are optional but are
not to be typed.
CRV A CuRVe number - between 1 and 999.
M A reference - generally for intersections; make the
intersect closest to +M or farthest
from -M.
ABBREVIATIONS
~~~~~~~~~~~~~
All commands may be abbreviated, provided:
1) The first letter of each command word must be used in the
abbreviation (i.e. [I]nverse [B]earing = I B).
2) Enough letters of the command are used in the remainder
of the abbreviation to differentiate it from other
commands. For example, DE C can not be used because
commands [DE]fine [C]urve and [DE]lete [C]oordinates share
the same abbreviation.
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ADJUST AREA
CODE ABBREVIATION INPUT VARIABLES
~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
1 AD AR DESC AREA BEGIN END N J / ALSO
Adjust the area described by DESC to be AREA in square feet.
Make the adjustment in the sides starting at point BEGIN and
ending at point END. Variables N and J are additional
parameters needed by some methods. Points described in ALSO,
although not part of DESC, will be moved in the same manner
as the points between BEGIN and END.
NOTE: None of the points to be adjusted may be the 1st or
last point in the figure description.
NOTE: BEGIN and END must be specified in the same sequence
that they appear in the description DESC.
NOTE: This is an extremely powerful command that may
otherwise be known as AREA CUT-OFF.
OUTPUT: The initial and final areas are expressed in square
feet. Coordinates are changed to reflect the new
area.
ROTATIONAL Rotate the sides between BEGIN and END about point
METHOD #1 N, where N may be any defined point. J is not
(J=0) used but it must be entered as 0 to satisfy input
format requirements.
PERPEN- Move the sides between BEGIN and END in a
DICULAR direction perpendicular to a line connecting
METHOD #2 points BEGIN and END. Points N and J are not used
(N=0, but must be entered as 0 to satisfy input format
J=0) requirements.
PARALLEL Move the sides between BEGIN and END in a
METHOD #3 direction parallel to a line connecting points N
and J.
CAUTION: Present coordinates may be used to create new
coordinates, erasing old values. These old values,
once written over by the new values, can not be
recovered - exercise caution !!!
DESC may take the form of a figure number, or, a series of
coordinate point numbers - (#xxx #xxx #xxx.....#xxx). It is
suggested that wherever possible, put the points in a figure.
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Page 40
ALIGNMENT
CODE ABBREVIATION INPUT VARIABLES
~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
2 ALI CRV BT PI FT PC V PT R TAN SBT X
ALIGNMENT is used to define and solve the geometry of
circular curves, defining any given curve as number CRV.
Adjoining curves can then be identified and used by their CRV
numbers.
CRV - Identification number assigned to CuRVe (0 to 999).
BT - Any known point on Back Tangent.
PI - Known Point Of Intersection of the tangents.
FT - Any known point on Foreward Tangent.
PC - Number assigned to the Point of Curvature.
V - Number assigned to the Vertex of the curve.
PT - Number assigned to the Point of Tangency.
R - Radius of curve (if unknown = 0).
TAN - Length of curve Tangent (if unknown = 0).
SBT - The Station of previously entered point BT. If this
value is entered as -1, point BT is considered (and
must be entered as) the PT of previous curve; also, SBT
is assumed to be the station of the previous PT (that
is, X = 0). This allows stationing to be automatically
carried foreward.
X - Fixed distance from BT to PC. If V and TAN are unknown
(0 must be input) and X = 0, the curve will be
compounded or reversed with the previous curve. If V
and TAN are unknown (0 must be input) and X has a value
such as X = 150', the curve will be computed such that
the PC is 150' from the BT (usually, but not
necessarily, the PT of the previous curve.)
NOTE: All PI's must have been prevously located.
NOTE: IF X=0, TAN=0, and V=0, then the BT must be the same
point number as the PC.
NOTE: Stationing is input as decimal feet (STA 23+21 = 2321.)
NOTE: Where a distance or length is unknown, the value 0 must
be entered; operators cannot be used in the command.
NOTE: The ALIGNMENT command must preceed the following
commands:
COORDINATE POINT ON ARC
COORDINATE OFFSET
STATION FROM COORDINATE
OFFSET ALIGNMENT
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Page 41
ALIGNMENT OFFSET
CODE ABBREVIATION INPUT VARIABLES
~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
3 A OF DESC N STAN J K
This command is used to locate a point on an alignment from
an offset point. DESC is either a figure number or
description. Stationing is defined by point N having station
S. Point J is located on the alignment by drawing a
perpendicular from point K to the alignment.
EXAMPLE: A OF (1 2 C3R 4) 2 10560 10 50
DESC may take the form of a figure number, or, a series of
coordinate point numbers - (#xxx #xxx #xxx.....#xxx). It is
suggested that wherever possible, put the points in a figure.
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Page 42
ANGLES
CODE ABBREVIATION INPUT VARIABLES
~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
4 ANG DESC
In the figure described by DESC, compute:
1) The distance from back point B to angle point A
2) The clockwise angle from back point B to foreward point
F as observed at angle point A
3) The distance from angle point A to foreward point F.
EXAMPLE: ANGLES 5 (using a figure number)
B A F B/A DIST B/A/F ANGLE A/F DIST
--- --- --- -------- ----------- --------
ANGLE 834 674 462 347.4598 177 21 34.4 467.2387
ANGLE 674 462 355 467.2387 67 14 13.0 388.8801
ANGLE 462 355 901 388.8801 204 15 23.4 78.3116
etc..........
EXAMPLE: ANGLES 674 462 355 (using coordinate point numbers)
B A F B/A DIST B/A/F ANGLE A/F DIST
--- --- --- -------- ----------- --------
ANGLE 674 462 355 467.2387 67 14 13.0 388.8801
DESC may take the form of a figure number, or, a series of
coordinate point numbers - (#xxx #xxx #xxx.....#xxx). It is
suggested that wherever possible, put the points in a figure.
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ARC ARC INTERSECT
CODE ABBREVIATION INPUT VARIABLES
~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
5 A A I I V1 R1 V2 R2 M
Locate point I by intersectng the circle centered at V1
having radius R1, with the circle centered at V2 having
radius R2.
This particular command is also known, in other COGO's, as
"DISTANCE/DISTANCE INTERSECT". If you are used to calling it
by that name, simply consider the two distances as R1 and
R2.
NOTE: The desired intersection will be the one closest to
positive point M, or farthest from negative point M.
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ARC LINE AZIMUTH
CODE ABBREVIATION INPUT VARIABLES
~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
6 A L A I V R P A M / OFF
Locate point I by intersecting a circle whose vertex is at V
and whose radius is R, with the line through point P on an
azimuth (or optionally, a bearing) of A.
This particular command is also known, in other COGO's, as
"AZIMUTH/DISTANCE INTERSECT". If you are used to calling it
by that name, simply consider the distance as R.
NOTE: The desired intersection will be the one closest to
positive point M, or farthest from negative point M.
NOTE: OFF is the optional offset distance from the line
through P.
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ARC LINE BEARING
CODE ABBREVIATION INPUT VARIABLES
~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
7 A L B I V R P B M / OFF
Locate point I by intersecting a circle whose vertex is at V
and whose radius is R, with the line through point P on a
bearing (or optionally, an azimuth) of B.
This particular command is also known, in other COGO's, as
"BEARING/DISTANCE INTERSECT". If you are used to calling it
by that name, simply consider the distance as R.
NOTE: The desired intersection will be the one closest to
positive point M, or farthest from negative point M.
NOTE: OFF is the optional offset distance from the line
through P.
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ARC LINE POINTS
CODE ABBREVIATION INPUT VARIABLES
~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
8 A L P I V R P N M / OFF
Locate point I by intersecting a circle whose vertex is at
point V and whose radius is R, with the line defined by
points P and N.
NOTE: The desired intersection will be the one closest to
positive point M, or farthest from negative point M.
NOTE: OFF is the optional offset distance from the line
through points P and N.
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AREA
CODE ABBREVIATION INPUT VARIABLES
~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
9 AR DESC
Compute and display the area enclosed by the points of
description DESC. The last point number must be the same as
the first.
DESC may take the form of a figure number, or, a series of
coordinate point numbers - (#xxx #xxx #xxx.....#xxx). It is
suggested that wherever possible, put the points in a figure.
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AREA AZIMUTH
CODE ABBREVIATION INPUT VARIABLES
~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
10 AR A DESC
Compute and display the area enclosed by the points of
description DESC. Also, for each line, compute and display
the course distance and azimuth. The last point number must
be the same as the first.
DESC may take the form of a figure number, or, a series of
coordinate point numbers - (#xxx #xxx #xxx.....#xxx). It is
suggested that wherever possible, put the points in a figure.
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AREA BEARING
CODE ABBREVIATION INPUT VARIABLES
~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
11 AR B DESC
Compute and display the area enclosed by the points of
description DESC. Also, for each line, compute and display
the course distance and bearing. The last point number must
be the same as the first.
DESC may take the form of a figure number, or, a series of
coordinate point numbers - (#xxx #xxx #xxx.....#xxx). It is
suggested that wherever possible, put the points in a figure.
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AZIMUTH INTERSECT
CODE ABBREVIATION INPUT VARIABLES
~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
12 A I I J A1 K A2 / OFFA / OFFB
Locate point I by intersecting the line through point J at
azimuth A1 with the line through K at azimuth A2.
This particular command is also known, in other COGO's, as
"AZIMUTH/AZIMUTH INTERSECT".
NOTE: OFFA and OFFB are optional offsets.
GeoCalc COGO - Surveying/Engineering Applications Software
Page 51
BATCH PRINT
CODE ABBREVIATION INPUT VARIABLES
~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
16 BA PR N
Read an ASCII disk file and execute the input stream of
commands to the printer.
N = 0, Input is sent to printer; output is sent to printer.
N = 1, Input not sent to printer; output is sent to printer.
N = -1, Only error messages will be sent to printer.
When the input is ended, COGO resets to TYPE SCREEN status
with the print control remaining as previously set and system
is in pause status.
This command is quite powerful when properly used. For
example, you may have one of your technicians (or secretary)
type the following commands and field data using your WORD
PROCESSING PROGRAM or TEXT EDITOR. Note that all input
commands and data are in UPPER CASE:
TYPE PRINT -- This is
KNOWN 1 10000 1000 | created on
LOCATE BEARING 1 2 N 45 00 00 E 1000.000 | your word
LOCATE BEARING 2 3 S 44 00 00 E 1000.000 |-> processor &
LOCATE BEARING 3 4 S 45 00 00 W 1000.000 | named
LOCATE BEARING 4 5 N 45 00 00 W 1000.000 | YOURFILE.INP
END OF JOB -
After "batching" this in, suppose you find that it doesn't
close. Rather than finding the blunder and correcting all
courses from that point, interactively from the keyboard, all
you have to do is correct that ONE course (in the word
processor) and re-batch it back in COGO. When only 10 or 20
courses are involved, interactive keyboard input is simple
and efficient; when many more courses must be entered, the
BATCH input method is much more effective and allows easier
correction of input errors.
NOTE: Any text file (ASCII) must be labeled with an extension
of [.INP]. The full input command might be:
BATCH PRINT -1 (type the command - no output)
input file? (COGO asks for the .INP file)
YOURFILE (you enter the .INP filename
WITHOUT the .INP extension)
Where YOURFILE.INP contains the commands and field
data listed above.
Unless you require a printed record of the input/output
during the batch computations, we suggest you specify the -1
switch of no output. This will speed the batch process
considerably. See the SAMPLE PROBLEM for more details.
GeoCalc COGO - Surveying/Engineering Applications Software
Page 52
BATCH SCREEN
CODE ABBREVIATION INPUT VARIABLES
~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
17 BA SC N
Read an ASCII disk file and execute the input stream of
commands to the monitor screen.
N = 0, Input is sent to screen; output is sent to screen.
N = 1, Input not sent to screen; output is sent to screen.
N = -1, Only error messages will be sent to screen.
When the input is ended, COGO resets to TYPE SCREEN status
with the print control remaining as previously set and system
is in pause status.
This command is quite powerful when properly used. For
example, you may have one of your technicians (or secretary)
type the following commands and field data using your WORD
PROCESSING PROGRAM or TEXT EDITOR. Note that all input
commands and data are in UPPER CASE:
TYPE PRINT -- This is
KNOWN 1 10000 1000 | created on
LOCATE BEARING 1 2 N 45 00 00 E 1000.000 | your word
LOCATE BEARING 2 3 S 44 00 00 E 1000.000 |-> processor &
LOCATE BEARING 3 4 S 45 00 00 W 1000.000 | named
LOCATE BEARING 4 5 N 45 00 00 W 1000.000 | YOURFILE.INP
END OF JOB -
After "batching" this in, suppose you find that it doesn't
close. Rather than finding the blunder and correcting all
courses from that point, interactively from the keyboard, all
you have to do is correct that ONE course (in the word
processor) and re-batch it back in COGO. When only 10 or 20
courses are involved, interactive keyboard input is simple
and efficient; when many more courses must be entered, the
BATCH input method is much more effective and allows easier
correction of input errors.
NOTE: Any text file (ASCII) must be labeled with an extension
of [.INP]. The full input command might be:
BATCH SCREEN -1 (type the command - no output)
input file? (COGO asks for the .INP file)
YOURFILE (you enter the .INP filename
WITHOUT the .INP extension)
Where YOURFILE.INP contains the commands and field
data listed above.
Unless you require a printed record of the input/output
during the batch computations, we suggest you specify the -1
switch of no output. This will speed the patch process
considerably. See the SAMPLE PROBLEM for more details.
GeoCalc COGO - Surveying/Engineering Applications Software
Page 53
BEARING INTERSECT
CODE ABBREVIATION INPUT VARIABLES
~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
18 B I I J B1 K B2 / OFFA / OFFB
Locate point I by intersecting the line through point J at
bearing B1 with the line through K at bearing B2.
This particular command is also known, in other COGO's, as
"BEARING/BEARING INTERSECT".
NOTE: OFFA and OFFB are optional offsets.
GeoCalc COGO - Surveying/Engineering Applications Software
Page 54
COMPOUND SPIRAL
CODE ABBREVIATION INPUT VARIABLES
~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
19 CO S CRV BT CS PI SC X DC1 DC2 SGN
Calculate the compound curve, given the following:
CRV = Assigned CuRVe identification number (1-999).
BT = Known point on the Back Tangent.
CS = Known point on the point of change of Curve to Spiral.
PI = Assigned Point of Intersection of the two tangents.
SC = Assigned point of point of change of Spiral to Curve.
X = Known length of compound spiral, meas. from CS to SC.
DC1 = Degree of Curve of circular curve 1 (the central angle
which subtends a 100 foot arc) in DEG-MIN-SEC format.
DC2 = Degree of Curve of circular curve 2 (the central angle
which subtends a 100 foot arc) in DEG-MIN-SEC format.
SGN = 1 for clockwise curve, -1 for counterclockwise curve.
OUTPUT: Curve number
Coordinates of CS
Coordinates of PI
Coordinates of SC
Tangent lengths
Tangent azimuths
GeoCalc COGO - Surveying/Engineering Applications Software
Page 55
CONVERT MERIDIAN
CODE ABBREVIATION INPUT VARIABLES
~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
20 C M DESCJ DESCK J K G / SCALE
Rotate and translate the known coordinates of description
DESCJ, storing the resulting values in the points of
description DESCK. Point J is a point in the original system
and point K is the corresponding point in the converted
system. G is the angle of rotation. If points J and K are
descriptions DESCJ and DESCK, then they will be used to tie
the descriptions together; otherwise, the figures will be
tied by their first points. Distances between all points in
the figure are multiplied by the optional SCALE.
For example, if J is the 5th point of DESCJ and K is the 8th
point of DESCK, then the 6th point of DESCJ will be converted
and stored in the 9th point of DESCK, the 7th in the 10th,
etc. When the end of either figure is reached, the 1st point
will be next until all points in DESCJ have been converted.
If a point number appears more than once in DESCJ, it will be
converted only once. Description DESCK must be as large as,
or larger, than DESCJ. If it is not desired to save the old
coordinates, DESCK may equal DESCJ.
CAUTION: Present coordinates may be used to create new
coordinates, erasing old values. These old values,
once written over by the new values, can not be
recovered - exercise caution !!!
DESCK OR DESKJ may take the form of a figure number, or, a
series of coordinate point numbers - (#xxx #xxx #xxx...#xxx).
It is suggested that wherever possible, put the points in a
figure.
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Page 56
COORDINATE OFFSET
CODE ABBREVIATION INPUT VARIABLES
~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
21 C O J S X
Compute the coordinates of point J, along an arc station S,
and radially offset from the arc by the distance X. If
offset point J is to the left of the arc (along stationing)
assign a negative sign to X; if J is to the right, it is
positive.
Note that the curve must have been previously defined by a
DEFINE CURVE or ALIGNMENT command.
GeoCalc COGO - Surveying/Engineering Applications Software
Page 57
COORDINATE POINT ON ARC
CODE ABBREVIATION INPUT VARIABLES
~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
22 C POA J S
Compute the coordinates of assigned point on arc J, whose arc
station is S.
Note that the curve must have been previously defined by a
DEFINE CURVE or ALIGNMENT command.
GeoCalc COGO - Surveying/Engineering Applications Software
Page 58
COORDINATE POINT ON SPIRAL
CODE ABBREVIATION INPUT VARIABLES
~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
23 C POS J X
Locate point J on a previously defined SIMPLE SPIRAL or
SPIRAL LENGTH the distance X from the "Tangent-To-Spiral" as
measured along the curve.
OUTPUT: Point #N and its coordinates; the spiral number, the
length along the spiral, and the azimuth of the
tangent at point N.
GeoCalc COGO - Surveying/Engineering Applications Software
Page 59
COPY FILE
CODE ABBREVIATION INPUT VARIABLES
~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
24 CO FI FILE1 FILE2
Copies the contents of FILE1 into file FILE2, on the same
disk, so long as FILE2 does not already exist.
This command can be found convenient when you wish to attempt
trial computations or just experiment with an existing but do
not want to permanently alter the file. COPY FILE thus
allows you to create a second, identical file with which to
experiment so that the original file is not altered.
GeoCalc COGO - Surveying/Engineering Applications Software
Page 60
CURVE SPIRAL
CODE ABBREVIATION INPUT VARIABLES
~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
25 CV S I R V M
Compute the intersection point I of the spiral previously
defined by SIMPLE SPIRAL or SPIRAL LENGTH, and the circular
curve defined by vertex V and radius R. If two intersections
are found, point I will be computed closest to point M.
OUTPUT: Coordinates of point I.
Distance from "Tangent-To-Spiral" to point I.
GeoCalc COGO - Surveying/Engineering Applications Software
Page 61
DEFINE CURVE
CODE ABBREVIATION INPUT VARIABLES
~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
26 DEF C CRV PC SPC PI PT SPT V SIGN
Define a curve so that future commands will be recognized;
the DEFINE CURVE command itself outputs no data.
CRV = Number to be assigned to the CURVe (1-999)
PC = Number to be assigned to the Point of Curvature.
SPC = Known Station value to be assigned to the PC.
PI = Known Number of Point of Intersection of tangents.
PT = Known Number of Point of Tangency.
SPT = Known Station value to be assigned to the PT.
V = Known Number of the Vertex of the curve.
SIGN = 1.0 for clockwise; -1.0 for counterclockwise.
This command should precede many other commands that require
a curve to have been previously defined, such as:
21 Coordinate Offset
22 Coordinate Point On Arc (POA)
57 Offset Alignment
75 Station And Offset
GeoCalc COGO - Surveying/Engineering Applications Software
Page 62
DELETE COORDINATES
CODE ABBREVIATION INPUT VARIABLES
~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
27 DEL C DESC
Deletes coordinates from disk memory.
DESC = Figure number or specified points.
EXAMPLES: DEL C (5) Delete coords of Point 5
DEL C 5 Delete coords of Figure 5
DEL C (1 5 10) Delete coords of Points 1, 5, 10
DEL C (1-9999) Delete ALL coords.
--------------------------------------------
| |
| EXERCISE CAUTION WITH THIS COMMAND!!! |
| |
| ONCE YOU HAVE DELETED VALUES, |
| |
| THEY CANNOT BE RECOVERED |
| |
--------------------------------------------
DESC may take the form of a figure number, or, a series of
coordinate point numbers - (#xxx #xxx #xxx.....#xxx). It is
suggested that wherever possible, put the points in a figure.
GeoCalc COGO - Surveying/Engineering Applications Software
Page 63
DELETE FIGURES
CODE ABBREVIATION INPUT VARIABLES
~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
28 DEL F DESC
Deletes the figures specified in DESC from disk.
EXAMPLES: STO F 3 (1-27)
DEL F 3 Delete figures 1 through 27.
DEL F 8 Delete figure 8.
DEL F (1-18) Delete figures 1 through 18.
--------------------------------------------
| |
| EXERCISE CAUTION WITH THIS COMMAND!!! |
| |
| ONCE YOU HAVE DELETED VALUES, |
| |
| THEY CANNOT BE RECOVERED. |
| |
--------------------------------------------
DESC may take the form of a figure number, or, a series of
coordinate point numbers - (#xxx #xxx #xxx.....#xxx). It is
suggested that wherever possible, put the points in a figure.
GeoCalc COGO - Surveying/Engineering Applications Software
Page 64
DESCRIBE ALIGNMENT AZIMUTH
CODE ABBREVIATION INPUT VARIABLES
~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
29 D A A DESC J SJ / DS / FR TO
Describe (list) the alignment specified by DESC.
DESC = Figure number or points description of alignment.
J = Any known point - used to define the stationing.
SJ = Known Station value of point J.
DS = If specified, compute/print coords & station for every
point having a station evenly divisible by DS.
FR = If specified, describe alignment only FRom point FR.
TO = If specified, describe alignment only TO point TO.
OUTPUT: Coordinates and stations of all PC's, PT's, PI's;
coordinates of vertexes; azimuths of all tangents;
deflection angles at all PI's; and curve data such as
radii, degree of curve, tangent lengths, arc lengths,
externals, etc.
DESC may take the form of a figure number, or, a series of
coordinate point numbers - (#xxx #xxx #xxx.....#xxx). It is
suggested that wherever possible, put the points in a figure.
GeoCalc COGO - Surveying/Engineering Applications Software
Page 65
DESCRIBE ALIGNMENT BEARINGS
CODE ABBREVIATION INPUT VARIABLES
~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
30 D A B DESC J SJ / DS / FR TO
Describe (list) the alignment specified by DESC.
DESC = Figure number or points description of alignment.
J = Any known point - used to define the stationing.
SJ = Known Station value of point J.
DS = If specified, compute/print coords & station for every
point having a station evenly divisible by DS.
FR = If specified, describe alignment only FRom point FR.
TO = If specified, describe alignment only TO point TO.
OUTPUT: Coordinates and stations of all PC's, PT's, PI's;
coordinates of vertexes; bearings of all tangents;
deflection angles at all PI's; and curve data such as
radii, degree of curve, tangent lengths, arc lengths,
externals, etc.
DESC may take the form of a figure number, or, a series of
coordinate point numbers - (#xxx #xxx #xxx.....#xxx). It is
suggested that wherever possible, put the points in a figure.
GeoCalc COGO - Surveying/Engineering Applications Software
Page 66
DISTANCE
CODE ABBREVIATION INPUT VARIABLES
~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
31 DIS DESC
Compute the distances between points described in DESC.
OUTPUT: Distance from 1st to 2nd points, 2nd to 3rd, 3rd to
4th, etc.
DESC may take the form of a figure number, or, a series of
coordinate point numbers - (#xxx #xxx #xxx.....#xxx). It is
suggested that wherever possible, put the points in a figure.
GeoCalc COGO - Surveying/Engineering Applications Software
Page 67
DIVIDE ARC
CODE ABBREVIATION INPUT VARIABLES
~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
32 DIV A J K V DS / L
Divide an arc whose vertex is at V, clockwise, from point J
to point K, into DS equal parts. Assign point numbers on the
arc sequentially increasing from point L, if specified; if L
is not specified, assign point numbers on the arc
sequentially increasing from point J.
EXAMPLE: DIV A 200 300 150 4
OUTPUT: PT# NORTHING EASTING
~~~ ~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~
201 923.87 382.68
202 707.11 707.11
203 382.68 923.87
GeoCalc COGO - Surveying/Engineering Applications Software
Page 68
DIVIDE FIGURE
CODE ABBREVIATION INPUT VARIABLES
~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
33 DIV F DESC DS L
Divide the figure described by DESC into DS parts. Store the
resulting points as sequentially increasing point numbers
beginning with L.
DESC may take the form of a figure number, or, a series of
coordinate point numbers - (#xxx #xxx #xxx.....#xxx). It is
suggested that wherever possible, put the points in a figure.
GeoCalc COGO - Surveying/Engineering Applications Software
Page 69
DIVIDE LINE
CODE ABBREVIATION INPUT VARIABLES
~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
34 DIV L J K DS / L
Divide a line beginning with point J and ending with point K
into DS parts. At each even division, assign point numbers
on the line sequentially increasing from point L, if
specified; if L is not specified, assign point numbers on the
line sequentially increasing from point J.
GeoCalc COGO - Surveying/Engineering Applications Software
Page 70
END OF JOB
CODE ABBREVIATION INPUT VARIABLES
~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
35 E O J (none)
At the completion of a job, this command updates the
coordinate and figure files (saves all values to disk). It
MUST be used to end a job before beginning another. It will
not exit you from COGO, but does re-initialize the COGO
program and resets all variables and arrays; in effect, you
are in "start-up" mode to begin a new job.
************************************************************
* *
* *
* ALWAYS USE THIS COMMAND TO END ONE JOB *
* *
* BEFORE BEGINNING ANOTHER *
* *
* OR *
* *
* YOU WILL LOOSE YOUR COORDINATES *
* *
* *
************************************************************
GeoCalc COGO - Surveying/Engineering Applications Software
Page 71
END OF RUN
CODE ABBREVIATION INPUT VARIABLES
~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
36 E O R (none)
Allows a "clean" exit to DOS from COGO. It is identical in
function to the END OF JOB command (updates disk files),
except that instead of re-starting COGO, you are exited to
the Disk Operating System of your PC.
************************************************************
* *
* *
* ALWAYS USE THIS COMMAND TO END *
* ~~~~~~ *
* A COGO SESSION *
* *
* - *
* *
* IT SAVES YOUR COMPUTED VALUES TO DISK! *
* *
* IT RESETS YOUR [CAPSLOCK] KEYS! *
* *
* *
************************************************************
GeoCalc COGO - Surveying/Engineering Applications Software
Page 72
EXTEND ARC
CODE ABBREVIATION INPUT VARIABLES
~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
37 E A J V I X
From point J, extend an arc centered at vertex V, to locate
point I, at arc length X. Positive X extends clockwise;
negative X extends counterclockwise.
GeoCalc COGO - Surveying/Engineering Applications Software
Page 73
FIGURE ARC INTERSECT
CODE ABBREVIATION INPUT VARIABLES
~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
38 F A I I F V R M / OFF
Locate point I by intersecting any line in figure F with a
circle whose vertex is at V and having a radius of R. The
intersection will be the one closest to positive point +M, or
farthest from negative point -M.
The intersection can be made with a line parallel to figure F
(a "range line" of the figure's perimeter) by specifying an
offset (range) distance OFF.
CAUTION: The lines of the figure are extended to infinity,
which may allow MANY possible intersections.
GeoCalc COGO - Surveying/Engineering Applications Software
Page 74
FIGURE FIGURE INTERSECT
CODE ABBREVIATION INPUT VARIABLES
~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
39 F F I I F1 F2 M / OFF1 / OFF2
Locate point I by intersecting one figure F1 with another F2
at a point closest to positive +M. You may also intersect a
range of F1 by specifying the offset distance OFF1; likewise
with F2.
CAUTION: Both ends of both figures extend to infinity.
GeoCalc COGO - Surveying/Engineering Applications Software
Page 75
FIGURE LINE INTERSECT
CODE ABBREVIATION INPUT VARIABLES
~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
40 F L I I F J A M / OFF / OFJ
Locate point I by intersecting any line in figure F with a
line through point J whose azimuth is A. The intersection
will be the one closest to positive point +M, or farthest
from negative point -M.
The intersection can be made with a line parallel to figure F
(a "range line" of the figure's perimeter) by specifying an
offset (range) distance OFF.
The intersection can be made with a line parallel to line J
(a "range line" of the J line) by specifying an
offset (range) distance OFJ.
CAUTION: The ends of the figure extend to infinity.
GeoCalc COGO - Surveying/Engineering Applications Software
Page 76
FIT ALIGNMENT
CODE ABBREVIATION INPUT VARIABLES
~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
41 F A CRV BT PI DCA XS1 XS2 G SIGN
Compute an alignment.
CRV = Alignment ID number (1-999) to be assigned.
BT = Known point on Back Tangent.
PI = Known point at Point of Intersection of tangents,
DCA = Degree of Curvature (Arc Definition).
XS1 = Length of 1st Spiral (from TS to SC).
XS2 = Length of 2nd Spiral (from SC to ST).
G = Deflection angle of tangents (must show the minutes
and seconds - i.e. 23 00 00, even if they're null).
SIGN = +1.0 is clockwise; -1.0 is counterclockwise.
NOTE: Points from CRV to CRV+S are used up by this command;
pre-existing points in this range will be destroyed.
GeoCalc COGO - Surveying/Engineering Applications Software
Page 77
FIT CURVE
CODE ABBREVIATION INPUT VARIABLES
~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
42 F C BT PI FT PC V PT / R
Fit a curve.
BT = Known point on Back Tangent.
PI = Known Point of Intersection of tangents.
FT = Known point on Foreward Tangent.
PC = Assign point number to intended Point of Curvature.
V = Assign point number to intended Vertex of curve.
PT = Assign point number to intended Point of Tangency.
R = Known Radius of curve.
NOTE: If BT=PC or FT=PT (or both), then R may be omitted.
GeoCalc COGO - Surveying/Engineering Applications Software
Page 78
GET COORDINATES
CODE ABBREVIATION INPUT VARIABLES
~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
43 G C NEWDESC OLDDESC OLDFILE
Place into the points specified by the range NEWDESC the
coordinates assigned to points specified by the range OLDDESC
from the file OLDFILE, residing on the default disk drive.
EXAMPLES: G C (7) (23) 145 Copy coords of pt. 23 in
file 145 to pt. 7
STO FIG 10 (1-20)
G C 10 10 145 Copy coords of pts. 1 to
20 in file 145 to points
1 to 20.
STO FIG (2 4 26 49)
G C (8-10 7) 1 155 Copy coords of pts. 2, 4,
26 and 49 in file 155 to
points 8, 9, 10 and 7.
NEWDESC OR OLDDESC may take the form of a figure number, or,
a series of coordinate point numbers - (#xxx #xxx.....#xxx).
It is suggested that wherever possible, put the points in a
figure.
GeoCalc COGO - Surveying/Engineering Applications Software
Page 79
GET FIGURES
CODE ABBREVIATION INPUT VARIABLES
~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
44 G F NEWDESC OLDDESC OLDFILE
Place into the figures specified by the range NEWDESC the
figures specified by the range OLDDESC from the file OLDFILE
residing on the default disk drive.
EXAMPLES: G F (7) (23) 145 Copy figure 23 in file 145
figure 7.
STO FIG 10 (1-20)
G F 10 10 145 Copy figures 1 to 10 in
file 145 to figures 1 to
20.
STO FIG (2 4 26 49)
G F (8-10 7) 1 155 Copy figures 2, 4, 26, and
49 in file 155 to figures
8, 9, 10 and 7.
NEWDESC OR OLDDESC may take the form of a figure number, or,
a series of coordinate point numbers - (#xxx #xxx.....#xxx).
It is suggested that wherever possible, put the points in a
figure.
GeoCalc COGO - Surveying/Engineering Applications Software
Page 80
INVERSE AZIMUTH
CODE ABBREVIATION INPUT VARIABLES
~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
45 I A DESC
Inverse between points specified by DESC.
OUTPUT: Point numbers \ (sequentially from
Azimuths > first to last points
Distances / defined by DESC).
DESC may take the form of a figure number, or, a series of
coordinate point numbers - (#xxx #xxx #xxx.....#xxx). It is
suggested that wherever possible, put the points in a figure.
GeoCalc COGO - Surveying/Engineering Applications Software
Page 81
INVERSE BEARING
CODE ABBREVIATION INPUT VARIABLES
~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
46 I B DESC
Inverse between points specified by DESC.
OUTPUT: Point numbers \ (sequentially from
Bearings > first to last points
Distances / defined by DESC).
DESC may take the form of a figure number, or, a series of
coordinate point numbers - (#xxx #xxx #xxx.....#xxx). It is
suggested that wherever possible, put the points in a figure.
GeoCalc COGO - Surveying/Engineering Applications Software
Page 82
LINE SPIRAL
CODE ABBREVIATION INPUT VARIABLES
~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
47 L S I J K M
Find the Intersection point I of a line defined by points J
and K, with a spiral curve previously defined by SIMPLE
SPIRAL or SPIRAL LENGTH.
If two intersections exist, the intersection I will be
assigned to the point closest to positive point M.
GeoCalc COGO - Surveying/Engineering Applications Software
Page 83
LIST COORDINATES
CODE ABBREVIATION INPUT VARIABLES
~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
48 L C DESC
All points and coordinates in the range specified by DESC are
listed, except those points that are undefined.
EXAMPLES: L C 1-10 List points 1 to 10.
L C (12) List point 12.
L C 15 List points in figure 15.
L C (1-4, 6-9) List points 1 to 4 and 6 to 9.
To reduce disk access times, try to keep the range of
coordinate point numbers as narrow as possible. If you only
need to view points 40 to 85, then specify LIST COORDS 40-85,
not 1-300. Also, use range specifiers whenever possible,
such as LIST COORDS (1-4 6-9) instead of (1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9).
DESC may take the form of a figure number, or, a series of
coordinate point numbers - (#xxx #xxx #xxx.....#xxx). It is
suggested that wherever possible, put the points in a figure.
GeoCalc COGO - Surveying/Engineering Applications Software
Page 84
LIST FIGURES
CODE ABBREVIATION INPUT VARIABLES
~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
49 L FIG DESC
All figures in the range specified by DESC are listed, except
those figures that are undefined.
EXAMPLES: L F (1 10) List figures 1 and 10.
L F (12) List figure 12.
L F 15 List figures in figure 15.
L F (1-4 6-9) List figures 1 to 4 and 6 to 9.
To reduce disk access times, try to keep the range of figure
numbers as narrow as possible. If you only need to view
figures 4 to 8, then specify LIST FIGURES (4-8), not 1-30.
Also, use range specifiers whenever possible, such as LIST
FIGURES (1-3 7-9) instead of (1 2 3 7 8 9).
DESC may take the form of a figure number, or, a series of
coordinate point numbers - (#xxx #xxx #xxx.....#xxx). It is
suggested that wherever possible, put the points in a figure.
GeoCalc COGO - Surveying/Engineering Applications Software
Page 85
LIST FILES
CODE ABBREVIATION INPUT VARIABLES
~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
50 L FILE DESC
Lists the COGO files on the default disk drive as specified
by DESC, which must be in the range 1 to 999.
To reduce disk access times, try to keep the range of file
numbers as narrow as possible. If you only need to view
files 4 to 8, then specify LIST FILES (4-8), not 1-30.
Also, use range specifiers whenever possible, such as LIST
FILES (1-3 7-9) instead of (1 2 3 7 8 9).
GeoCalc COGO - Surveying/Engineering Applications Software
Page 86
LOCATE ANGLE
CODE ABBREVIATION INPUT VARIABLES
~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
51 L AG BS V FS A X / G
Backsight on BS, turn angle A at point V to locate point FS
the distance X from point V.
Angle G is an optional vertical angle if X is a slope
distance. The nearest multiple of 90 degrees will be taken
as horizontal so that vertical angles measured from horizon,
zenith, or nadir may be used.
If a negative distance is used, the vector is backwards as
if 180 degrees were added to the specified angle A.
GeoCalc COGO - Surveying/Engineering Applications Software
Page 87
LOCATE AZIMUTH
CODE ABBREVIATION INPUT VARIABLES
~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
52 L AZ BS FS A X / G
From point BS, locate point FS the distance X and along
azimuth A.
Angle G is an optional vertical angle if X is a slope
distance. The nearest multiple of 90 degrees will be taken
as horizontal so that vertical angles measured from horizon,
zenith, or nadir may be used.
If a negative distance is used, the vector is backwards as
if 180 degrees were added to the specified azimuth A.
GeoCalc COGO - Surveying/Engineering Applications Software
Page 88
LOCATE BEARING
CODE ABBREVIATION INPUT VARIABLES
~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
53 L BR BS FS B X / G
From point BS, locate point FS the distance X and along
bearing B.
Angle G is an optional vertical angle if X is a slope
distance. The nearest multiple of 90 degrees will be taken
as horizontal so that vertical angles measured from horizon,
zenith, or nadir may be used.
If a negative distance is used, the vector is backwards as
if the reverse of the specified bearing B was used.
GeoCalc COGO - Surveying/Engineering Applications Software
Page 89
LOCATE DEFLECTION
CODE ABBREVIATION INPUT VARIABLES
~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
54 L DE BS V FS D X / G
Backsight on point BS, turn deflection angle D at point V to
locate point FS.
Angle G is an optional vertical angle if X is a slope
distance. The nearest multiple of 90 degrees will be taken
as horizontal so that vertical angles measured from horizon,
zenith, or nadir may be used.
If a negative distance is used, the vector is backwards as
if 180 degrees were added to the specified deflection angle
D.
GeoCalc COGO - Surveying/Engineering Applications Software
Page 90
LOCATE FROM ALIGNMENT
CODE ABBREVIATION INPUT VARIABLES
~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
55 L F A DESC J SJ N SN / OFFN
Compute location of point N from an alignment. The alignment
is specified by figure number or description DESC with
stationing defined by J having station SJ. Point N is
located from the alignment at station SN and optional OFFset
OFFN.
EXAMPLES: L F A (1-5) 2 642.5 11 637
STO FIG 1 (1-5)
L F A 1 2 642.5 11 637
L F A (1 2 C3R 4) 2 10560 10 10572
DESC may take the form of a figure number, or, a series of
coordinate point numbers - (#xxx #xxx #xxx.....#xxx). It is
suggested that wherever possible, put the points in a figure.
GeoCalc COGO - Surveying/Engineering Applications Software
Page 91
LOCATE LINE
CODE ABBREVIATION INPUT VARIABLES
~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
56 L L BS FS I X / G
From point BS in the direction of point FS, locate point I
the distance X.
Angle G is an optional vertical angle if X is a slope
distance. The nearest multiple of 90 degrees will be taken
as horizontal so that vertical angles measured from horizon,
zenith, or nadir may be used.
If a negative distance is used, the vector is backwards as
if the direction FS to BS (instead of the specified BS to FS)
were used.
GeoCalc COGO - Surveying/Engineering Applications Software
Page 92
OFFSET ALIGNMENT
CODE ABBREVIATION INPUT VARIABLES
~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
57 O A I J
Locate point I (on arc) as the intersection, on a line
projected from the vertex of a previously defined curve
through any known point J.
I = Point to be located by intersection, usually on arc (or,
optionally, the back tangent).
J = Any known point.
NOTE: The curve must have been previously defined via the
DEFINE CURVE or ALIGNMENT commands.
NOTE: If a line projection FROM the vertex of the curve TO
point J does not intersect the arc between its defined
PC and PT, then the intersection will always occur on
the back tangent line at a right angle to J.
OUTPUT: I, J, station, offset (-offset if left), coords of I.
GeoCalc COGO - Surveying/Engineering Applications Software
Page 93
PARALLEL FIGURE
CODE ABBREVIATION INPUT VARIABLES
~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
59 PAR F F OFF L
From the line described by figure F, locate the points of a
line which is parallel by the offset distance OFF. Assign
point numbers as L, L+1, L+2, L+3, etc.
The centers of curves are not defined by this command because
they are the same as those of figure F.
GeoCalc COGO - Surveying/Engineering Applications Software
Page 94
PARALLEL LINE
CODE ABBREVIATION INPUT VARIABLES
~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
60 PAR L BS1 FS1 OFF BS2 FS2
From the line defined by points BS1 to FS1, at the offset
distance OFF (negative OFF if left, positive right), define a
parallel line by locating points BS2 and FS2.
GeoCalc COGO - Surveying/Engineering Applications Software
Page 95
POINTS AZIMUTH INTERSECT
CODE ABBREVIATION INPUT VARIABLES
~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
61 P A I I J K BEGIN A / OFF1 / OFF2
Find the intersection I by intersecting the line defined by
points J and K, with a line beginning at point BEGIN whose
azimuth is A. Offsets OFF1 and OFF2 are optional.
NOTE: Consider the ends of straight lines or figures to
extend to infinity.
GeoCalc COGO - Surveying/Engineering Applications Software
Page 96
POINTS BEARING INTERSECT
CODE ABBREVIATION INPUT VARIABLES
~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
62 P B I I J K BEGIN B / OFF1 / OFF2
Find the intersection I by intersecting the line defined by
points J and K, with a line beginning at point BEGIN whose
bearing is B. Offsets OFF1 and OFF2 are optional.
NOTE: Consider the ends of straight lines or figures to
extend to infinity.
GeoCalc COGO - Surveying/Engineering Applications Software
Page 97
POINTS INTERSECT
CODE ABBREVIATION INPUT VARIABLES
~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
63 P I I J1 K1 J2 K2 / OFF1 / OFF2
Find the intersection I by intersecting the line defined by
points J1 and K1, with the line defined by points J2 and K2.
Offsets OFF1 and OFF2 are optional.
NOTE: Consider the ends of straight lines or figures to
extend to infinity.
GeoCalc COGO - Surveying/Engineering Applications Software
Page 98
POINTS ON ALIGNMENT
CODE ABBREVIATION INPUT VARIABLES
~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
64 P O A DESC J SJ DS L / OFFJ / BEGIN / END
Compute points at fixed intervals along an alignment which is
specified by figure number or alignment (DESC). Stationing
is specified by point J whose station is SJ. Points are
computed along the alignment at each position that has a
station evenly divisible by the interval DS in feet and
optional offset OFFJ. Computed points are stored in L, L+1,
L+2, L+3, etc. Optional BEGIN and END points may be
specified as limits, beyond which no points will be computed.
DESC may take the form of a figure number, or, a series of
coordinate point numbers - (#xxx #xxx #xxx.....#xxx). It is
suggested that wherever possible, put the points in a figure.
GeoCalc COGO - Surveying/Engineering Applications Software
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REDEFINE
CODE ABBREVIATION INPUT VARIABLES
~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
65 RED J K
Assign the coordinates of point J to point K. J is not
disturbed.
GeoCalc COGO - Surveying/Engineering Applications Software
Page 100
SEGMENT
CODE ABBREVIATION INPUT VARIABLES
~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
66 SEG POA1 POA2 R
For the segment of a circle whose radius is R intersecting
the arc at points POA1 and POA2, compute the segment area.
OUTPUT: The chord length, arc length between POA1 and POA2,
and the segment area.
GeoCalc COGO - Surveying/Engineering Applications Software
Page 101
SEGMENT PLUS
CODE ABBREVIATION INPUT VARIABLES
~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
67 SEG P POA1 POA2 R
For the segment of a circle whose radius is R intersecting
the arc at points POA1 and POA2, compute the segment area.
OUTPUT: The chord length, arc length between POA1 and POA2,
and the segment area.
NOTE: When SEGMENT PLUS (or SEGMENT MINUS) is used, the
segment area is added (or subtracted) to the cumulative
net area resulting from the last AREA type command and
the previous SEGMENT PLUS (or SEGMENT MINUS) commands.
This allows any number of segments to be added (or
subtracted) to (from) a polygon bounded by multiple
curves. After each SEGMENT PLUS (or SEGMENT MINUS), the
area up to that point is displayed.
GeoCalc COGO - Surveying/Engineering Applications Software
Page 102
SEGMENT MINUS
CODE ABBREVIATION INPUT VARIABLES
~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
68 SEG M POA1 POA2 R
For the segment of a circle whose radius is R intersecting
the arc at points POA1 and POA2, compute the segment area.
OUTPUT: The chord length, arc length between POA1 and POA2,
and the segment area.
NOTE: When SEGMENT MINUS (or SEGMENT PLUS) is used, the
segment area is subtracted (or added) to the cumulative
net area resulting from the last AREA type command and
the previous SEGMENT MINUS (or SEGMENT PLUS) commands.
This allows any number of segments to be subtracted (or
added) from (to) a polygon bounded by multiple curves.
After each SEGMENT MINUS (or SEGMENT PLUS), the area up
to that point is displayed.
GeoCalc COGO - Surveying/Engineering Applications Software
Page 103
SIMPLE CURVE
CODE ABBREVIATION INPUT VARIABLES
~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
69 SI C DESC BT PC PI PT DCA CA SGN
Computes additional (see below) data on a circular curve,
given the following information:
DESC = Curve identification number (1-999)
BT = Known point number on Back Tangent.
PC = Known Point of Curvature number.
PI = Known Point of Intersection of tangents number.
PT = Known Point of Tangency number.
DCA = Degree of Curve (Arc Definition) in Deg Min Sec.
CA = Central Angle of curve in Deg Min Sec.
SGN = +1.0 for clockwise curve, -1.0 for counterclockwise,
OUTPUT: Curve number, coordinates of PC, PI, and PT, tangent
length from PC to PI, length of arc, foreward azimuth
from PI to PT, and back azimuth from PC to PI.
NOTE: This command must be used independently of any other
commands. The commands COORD POA, COORD OFFSET, STA
FROM COORD, and OFFSET ALIGNMENT cannot be used on a
curve entered by SIMPLE CURVE.
GeoCalc COGO - Surveying/Engineering Applications Software
Page 104
SIMPLE SPIRAL
CODE ABBREVIATION INPUT VARIABLES
~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
70 SM S DESC BT TS PI SC X DCA SIGN
Given the above input variables, this command computes the
other parameters associated with a simple spiral. The
equations used are defined in "Route Surveying & Design" by
Thomas Hickerson published by McGraw-Hill.
NOTE: A "spiral in" is the transition from a straight line to
a curve as you are entering the figure.
A "spiral out" is the transition from a curve to a
straight line as you are exiting the figure.
DESC = The number of the curve (1-999)
BT = Known point on Back Tangent of "spiral in" line
TS = Known point of Tangent to Spiral Transition "spiral
in", or number assigned for "spiral out"
PI = Number assigned to Intersection of spiral tangents
SC = Number assigned to Spiral to Curve transition of
"spiral in", or known point of Spiral to Curve
transition of "spiral out"
X = Known length of spiral curve from TS to SC as "spiral
in" (-X for spiral out)
DCA = Degree of Curve of circular curve
SIGN = +1.0 for spiral clockwise, -1.0 for counterclockwise
OUTPUT: Curve number DESC, SIGN, spiral length, degree of
curvature of circular curve, deflection angle at
spiral PI, long tangent length and azimuth, and the
coordinates of TS, SC, and PI.
GeoCalc COGO - Surveying/Engineering Applications Software
Page 105
SPIRAL LENGTH
CODE ABBREVIATION INPUT VARIABLES
~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
71 S L DESC TS SC PI TSA SIGN
Given the above input variables, this command computes the
entering spiral length (spiral in) only. The equations used
are defined in "Route Surveying & Design" by Thomas Hickerson
published by McGraw-Hill.
NOTE: A "spiral in" is the transition from a straight line to
a curve as you are entering the figure.
A "spiral out" is the transition from a curve to a
straight line as you are exiting the figure.
DESC = The number of the curve (1-999)
BT = Known point on Back Tangent of "spiral in" line
TS = Known point of Tangent to Spiral
PI = Number assigned to Point of Intersection of tangents
SC = Known point of Spiral to Curve
TSA = Azimuth of "spiral in" entering tangent at TS
SIGN = +1.0 for spiral clockwise, -1.0 for counterclockwise
OUTPUT: Curve number DESC, spiral length from TS to SC,
degree of curvature at SC, the tangent lengths and
their azimuths, and the coordinates of TS, PI, and
SC.
GeoCalc COGO - Surveying/Engineering Applications Software
Page 106
SPIRAL OFFSET
CODE ABBREVIATION INPUT VARIABLES
~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
72 S O POS OFFJ
Find a point POS on a spiral that has been previously defined
by the commands SIMPLE SPIRAL or SPIRAL LENGTH, corresponding
to an offset J from the spiral.
OUTPUT: Coordinates of POS, arc length along spiral from the
"tangent to spiral" transition point to POS, and the
offset distance from OFFJ to POS.
GeoCalc COGO - Surveying/Engineering Applications Software
Page 107
SPIRAL SPIRAL
CODE ABBREVIATION INPUT VARIABLES
~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
73 SPR SPR I TS2 BTA2 X2 R2
Computes the intersection I of a previously defined spiral
(Spiral 1) with a second spiral (Spiral 2). Spiral 1 must
have been previously defined by a SIMPLE SPIRAL or SPIRAL
LENGTH command.
I = Number assigned to the intersection of the spirals
TS2 = Known Point of Tangency of Spiral 2
BTA2 = Back Tangent Azimuth of Spiral 2 (PT to PI)
X2 = Length of Spiral 2
R2 = Radius of circular curve of Spiral 2; +R2 for
clockwise, -R2 for counterclockwise
OUTPUT: Point of intersection I and its coordinates, distance
from TS1 to the I, and distance from TS2 to I.
GeoCalc COGO - Surveying/Engineering Applications Software
Page 108
START OF JOB
CODE ABBREVIATION INPUT VARIABLES
~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
74 S O J FILENO
This command resets all indicators, heads the 1st page with
the file label, and is used to begin a new job.
The FILENO can be any integer between 1 and 999. When a new,
unused file number is specified and coordinates are assigned
to it, that file number becomes the filename and is saved to
disk when END OF JOB or END OF RUN commands are invoked.
If an existing file number is specified, then the point
numbers, coordinates, figures, and plot files of that
file number will be read into memory and used. This will
allow you to add to, change, or otherwise alter any existing
file.
If no file number is specified (just S O J - then [RETURN]),
the program will function properly except that when you
perform an END OF JOB or END OF RUN command to exit, the file
that resides in memory WILL NOT BE SAVED TO DISK; it is
considered a temporary file which WILL BE LOST!!!
----------------------------------------------------------
| |
| DO NOT BEGIN A JOB WITHOUT A FILE NUMBER |
| |
| UNLESS YOU INTEND TO CREATE A TEMPORARY FILE. |
| |
| |
| T H E T E M P O R A R Y F I L E |
| |
| W I L L B E L O S T !!! |
| |
----------------------------------------------------------
GeoCalc COGO - Surveying/Engineering Applications Software
Page 109
STATION AND OFFSET
CODE ABBREVIATION INPUT VARIABLES
~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
75 S A O DESCA J STAJ DESCB
This command computes the stations and offset distances to
the known alignment DESCA whose stationing is defined by
known point J having a known station value of STAJ. DESCB
is the description (or figure #) of points to be located by
station and distance from DESCA.
EXAMPLES: S A O (1 2) 1 1000 (5) Print the sta. and offset
to the alignment from
point 1 to 2 (sta. of
point 1 is 10+00) of point
5.
: S F 465 (70-75 C3R-9)
S F 8 (200-256)
S A O 465 32 1423.6 8 Print the sta. and offsets
to the alignment described
in figure 465, whose
stationing is defined by
point 32 having station
14+23.6, of each point in
figure 8.
: S A O 465 32 1423.6 (490-2)
Print the sta. and offsets
to the same alignment as
above, except print to
points 490 and 2.
GeoCalc COGO - Surveying/Engineering Applications Software
Page 110
STATION FROM COORDINATE
CODE ABBREVIATION INPUT VARIABLES
~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
76 S F C POA
Compute the station of known point on arc POA.
The curve must have been previously defined by a DEFINE CURVE
or ALIGNMENT command.
GeoCalc COGO - Surveying/Engineering Applications Software
Page 111
STORE
CODE ABBREVIATION INPUT VARIABLES
~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
77 STR J Y X
Store as point number J the +North/-South coordinate Y and
the +East/-West coordinate X.
In all coordinate value assignments, the standard algebraic
sign conventions apply:
North and East coordinates are signed positive.
South and West coordinates are signed negative.
GeoCalc COGO - Surveying/Engineering Applications Software
Page 112
STORE FIGURE
CODE ABBREVIATION INPUT VARIABLES
~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
78 STO FIG J DESC
Store all point numbers or other figures specified in DESC in
the figure number J. J should be in the range 1 to 9999.
As an insight to figure storage, note that the point numbers
(but not their coordinates) are stored as the figure file.
The coordinates specified in DESC can be typed in as 1
continuous string without pressing [ENTER] until all have
been input.
If the figure J has been previously defined, the new DESC
will replace the old one. Note that a figure may be a base
line, an opened or closed property line or polygon, or any
group of points.
To reduce disk access times, try to keep the range of
coordinate numbers as narrow as possible.
EXAMPLE: The following 2 commands accomplish the same thing.
STO FIG 8 (34 18 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 25 39 38 37 36 35 34)
or
STO FIG 8 (34 18 3-6 8-12 25 39-34)
If another figure number is entered as the DESC, then figure
J will be stored as a duplicate of the figure entered as
DESC.
STO FIG 60 8
Figure 60 is now identical to figure 8.
Also note that a figure may be described as containing one or
more curves. This is done by listing the point number of the
PT, a space, the letter "C", the vertex point number, the
letter R or letter L (for curve right or left), a space, and
the point number of the PC. For example:
STO FIG 345 ( 1-10 11 C12R 13 65-101 )
Where: 11 = PC
C = Curve Identifier
12 = Vertex
R = Arc To The Right
13 = PT
DESC may take the form of a figure number, or, a series of
coordinate point numbers - (#xxx #xxx #xxx.....#xxx). It is
suggested that wherever possible, put the points in a figure.
GeoCalc COGO - Surveying/Engineering Applications Software
Page 113
STORE JOB
CODE ABBREVIATION INPUT VARIABLES
~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
79 STO JOB FILENO
Store the project currently being computed to the default
data disk as file FILENO, where FILENO is any number from
1 to 999.
This command is used primarily when a job is initially begun
without assigning a file number after the START OF JOB
command. As described in the instructions for START OF JOB,
a temporary file can be established when beginning a new
project by invoking the START OF JOB command then immediately
pressing [ENTER] without appending a file number. When you
are finished, invoking END OF JOB or END OF RUN will not save
your project to disk, and all points, coordinate values, and
figures will be lost.
However, if you invoke STORE JOB ### (where 1<###<999) before
exiting via END OF JOB or END OF RUN, then the file will be
saved to your disk as file CG###. You must then exit the job
or program normally via END OF JOB or END OF RUN. For all
future access of that file, it is treated as if it were
created normally via START OF JOB ###.
GeoCalc COGO - Surveying/Engineering Applications Software
Page 114
STREETS INTERSECT
CODE ABBREVIATION INPUT VARIABLES
~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
80 S I R DESCA WA DESCB WB M I VLL VLR VRL VRR
Locate the intersection of two streets, including the PC's,
vertices, and PT's of street corners whose radius is +R (or
PI's only if R=0).
R = Known value of radius of street corner.
DESCA = Known centerline description of street A figure
WA = Known width of street A
DESCB = Known centerline description of street B figure
WB = Known width of street B
M = Known point - locate I nearest +M or farthest -M
I = Assigned Point of Intersection of the centerlines
VLL = Vertex of street corner, or PI of intersection if
R=0, at the left side of both streets.
VLL+1 = PC, on street A, of corresponding corner (if any).
VLL+2 = PT, on street B, of corresponding corner (if any).
VLR = Vertex of street corner, or PI of intersection if
R=0, at the left of street A and right of street B.
VLR+1 = PC, on street A, of corresponding corner (if any).
VLR+2 = PT, on street B, of corresponding corner (if any).
VRL = Vertex of street corner, or PI of intersection if
R=0, at the right of street A and left of street B.
VRL+1 = PC, on street A, of corresponding corner (if any).
VRL+2 = PT, on street B, of corresponding corner (if any).
VRR = Vertex of street corner, or PI of intersection if
R=0, at the right side of both streets.
VRR+1 = PC, on street A, of corresponding corner (if any).
VRR+2 = PT, on street B, of corresponding corner (if any).
R can be entered as a zero (0) to indicate no street radius
corners exist; only the PI's of the tangents will thus be
computed. DESCA &/or DESCB can be specified as edge of
street by making WA and/or WB equal zero (0), respectively.
VLL, VLR, VRL, and/or VRR may equal zero (0) to indicate no
operation in corresponding sector. PC's are to be considered
on street A and PT's on street B. The intersection I may
also be assigned a value of zero (0) to indicate the
intersection of the centerlines is not to be stored.
This command can also be used for intersecting a right-of-way
with a centerline.
GeoCalc COGO - Surveying/Engineering Applications Software
Page 115
TANGENT
CODE ABBREVIATION INPUT VARIABLES
~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
82 T PTL VL RL PTS VS RS / SIGN CROSS
Locate points PTL and PTS as the end points of a common
tangent to 2 circles.
PTL = Assigned Point on Tangent of Larger circle
VL = Known Vertex of Larger circle
RL = Known Radius of Larger circle
PTS = Assigned Point on Tangent of Smaller circle
VS = Known Vertex of Smaller circle
RS = Known Radius of Smaller circle
CROSS = +1.0 for external tangents, -1.0 for internal
(cross) tangents; larger circle entered first.
SIGN = Select for one of two possibilities of either case.
A +1.0 indicates a clockwise angle observed at the
intersection of a straight line projected from VL to
VS with a straight line projected from PTL to PTS;
sighting VL, turning to PTL.
A -1.0 indicates a counterclockwise angle observed at
the intersection of a straight line projected from VL
to VS with a straight line projected from PTL to PTS;
sighting VL, turning to PTL.
OUTPUT: Coordinates of PTL and PTS, distance and azimuth of
the tangent from PTL to PTS.
GeoCalc COGO - Surveying/Engineering Applications Software
Page 116
TANGENT OFFSET
CODE ABBREVIATION INPUT VARIABLES
~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
83 T O I OP BEGIN END
Compute the intersection I of a perpendicular offset point OP
to a point on a line defined by connecting points BEGIN and
END.
EXAMPLE:
OP
|
|
|
| 90deg
----BEGIN--------- I -----------END----
OUTPUT: Coordinates of I, distances from BEGIN to I and I to
OP.
GeoCalc COGO - Surveying/Engineering Applications Software
Page 117
TRAVERSE ANGLES
CODE ABBREVIATION INPUT VARIABLES
~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
84 T AN DESC
Traverse the points in figure or description DESC and print
the coordinates, angles, and distances.
This command is similar to AREA AZIMUTHS or AREA BEARINGS
except that no area is printed and the 1st point may be
different from the last.
DESC may take the form of a figure number, or, a series of
coordinate point numbers - (#xxx #xxx #xxx.....#xxx). It is
suggested that wherever possible, put the points in a figure.
GeoCalc COGO - Surveying/Engineering Applications Software
Page 118
TRAVERSE AZIMUTHS
CODE ABBREVIATION INPUT VARIABLES
~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
85 T AZ DESC
Traverse the points in figure or description DESC and print
the coordinates, azimuths, and distances.
This command is similar to AREA AZIMUTHS or AREA BEARINGS
except that no area is printed and the 1st point may be
different from the last.
DESC may take the form of a figure number, or, a series of
coordinate point numbers - (#xxx #xxx #xxx.....#xxx). It is
suggested that wherever possible, put the points in a figure.
GeoCalc COGO - Surveying/Engineering Applications Software
Page 119
TRAVERSE BEARINGS
CODE ABBREVIATION INPUT VARIABLES
~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
86 T B DESC
Traverse the points in figure or description DESC and print
the coordinates, bearings, and distances.
This command is similar to AREA AZIMUTHS or AREA BEARINGS
except that no area is printed and the 1st point may be
different from the last.
DESC may take the form of a figure number, or, a series of
coordinate point numbers - (#xxx #xxx #xxx.....#xxx). It is
suggested that wherever possible, put the points in a figure.
GeoCalc COGO - Surveying/Engineering Applications Software
Page 120
TRAVERSE DEFLECTIONS
CODE ABBREVIATION INPUT VARIABLES
~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
87 T D DESC
Traverse the points in figure or description DESC and print
the coordinates, deflections, and distances.
This command is similar to AREA AZIMUTHS or AREA BEARINGS
except that no area is printed and the 1st point may be
different from the last.
DESC may take the form of a figure number, or, a series of
coordinate point numbers - (#xxx #xxx #xxx.....#xxx). It is
suggested that wherever possible, put the points in a figure.
GeoCalc COGO - Surveying/Engineering Applications Software
Page 121
TYPE PRINT
CODE ABBREVIATION INPUT VARIABLES
~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
88 T P N
This command allows flexibility in producing output on your
lineprinter.
If N = 0, no input/output is echoed to the printer or
screen.
If N = 1, only output data is echoed to printer (but not
screen).
If N = -1, only error messages will output to printer (but
not screen).
All line and page numbering that would ordinarily update
during printer output is suspended while TYPE SCREEN is in
effect. When TYPE PRINT is re-invoked, line and page
numbering takes place from where it was suspended by the last
TYPE SCREEN command. If you alternately call the TYPE SCREEN
and TYPE PRINT commands during the course of a single
session, we suggest that you follow each TYPE PRINT command
with two asterisks (**), as illustrated below:
>>TYPE PRINT [RETURN]
>>** [RETURN]
This will execute a "top-of-form" command to your printer so
that you can begin the current phase of your session at the
top of a fresh page.
GeoCalc COGO - Surveying/Engineering Applications Software
Page 122
TYPE SCREEN
CODE ABBREVIATION INPUT VARIABLES
~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
89 T S N
This command allows flexibility in producing output on your
lineprinter.
If N = 0, no input/output is echoed to the printer or
screen.
If N = 1, only output data is echoed to screen (but not
printer).
If N = -1, only error messages will output to screen (but
not printer).
All line and page numbering that would ordinarily update
during printer output is suspended while TYPE SCREEN is in
effect.
GeoCalc COGO - Surveying/Engineering Applications Software
Page 123
OPERATING ERRORS
ERROR MESSAGE COMMAND# CAUSE
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Arc Is Greater 23 The distance along the spiral as
Than Spiral specified in input is greater than
Length spiral length as currently stored.
Area Not Found 1 No position can be found for the
After 20 Tries sides being adjusted which gives
the desired area.
Invalid Input (many) The data is not in accordance with
input specifications for that
particular command.
Distance Is 0 51, 52 The distance was entered as zero;
53, 54 only real numbers other than 0 are
56 to be entered.
Figure X Changed 44 You're warned that you're changing
78 a figure; it is printed in case
you wish to restore it.
First Point 1, 9 You have inadvertently asked for
Different From 10, 11 the area of an open traverse.
Last Hey, we've all done it at one time
or another!
Invalid Command (none) Column 1 contains a character
other than an asterisk or blank
indicating it is the 1st letter of
a command, but the command can't
be recognized.
Invalid Figure X (many) The figure number specifed is not
in the range 1 to 9999.
Invalid Number 32 The number of parts specified is
Of Parts X 33 not positive.
34
Invalid Point X (many) You have attempted to store a
point whose number is less than or
equal to 0..or..greater than the
combined lengths of the coordinate
area and unused area..or..greater
than 9999.
Invalid Point 32 The points to be defined as
Range X to Y 33 specified by the starting point
34 number and number of parts,
includes at least 1 invalid point.
GeoCalc COGO - Surveying/Engineering Applications Software
Page 124
OPERATING ERRORS
ERROR MESSAGE COMMAND# CAUSE
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Invalid Station 64 The station interval specified is
Interval X not positive.
Job X Terminated 74 A START OF JOB has been invoked
during a job..or..a current job is
being terminated so a new one can
start.
Larger Radius 82 The 1st radius entered is smaller
Must Be First than the 2nd and SIGN and CROSS
have been specified.
No Angle 32 One of the sides of the angle to
be divided has a length of zero
and therefore no direction.
No Curve Defined 21, 22 A curve must be previously stored
57, 76 by an ALGNMENT or DEFINE CURVE
command; this was not done.
No Intersection (all The specified elements do not
intersect intersect..or..the intersection
commands) cannot be computed because of some
condition noted earlier.
No Line 60 The points specified to define the
line have the same coordinates and
thus do not define a unique line.
No Offset 72 No offset can be computed because
Possible 83 of a prevously noted error
condition..or..in the case of
tangent offset the two points
defining the line are the same
..or..in the case of spiral offset
the offset does not fall on the
spiral or has not been computed
after 1000 tries.
No Previous 2 The station has been specified as
Curve To Define -1, meaning the stationing is to
Stationing carried foreward from the prior
curve, but no prior curve has
been stored by an ALIGNMENT or
DEFINE CURVE command.
No Spiral 23, 25 These commands require a spiral to
Defined 47, 72 be stored by SIMPLE SPIRAL, SPIRAL
73 LENGTH, or COMPOUND SPIRAL command
which was not done.
GeoCalc COGO - Surveying/Engineering Applications Software
Page 125
OPERATING ERRORS
ERROR MESSAGE COMMAND# CAUSE
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
No Tangent 83 No tangent is computed because of
Possible a prior noted error condition
..or..because one circle lies
entirely within the other..or..
a cross tangent between
intersecting circles has been
requested.
Point X (many) New coordinate values are
Changed replacing prior ones.
Point X or Y Out 1 Points X and Y were specified as
Of Sequence the start and end points of the
sides to be adjusted; however, one
of these points is not in the
description..or..one of them is
the 1st or last point in the
description..or..Y preceeds X in
the description.
Radius Less 66 The distance between the 2 points
Than 1/2 Chord 67 specified is less than 1/2 the
68 chord; they therefore cannot be on
the curve.
Second Figure 20 The description of the points to
Smaller Than 1st be defined contains fewer points
than the number of points to be
converted.
Side At X Has 1 The adjustment required is so
Changed Direction great that the sides of the
figure no longer intersect unless
they extend backwards.
Tangent Length 42 The two points specified to define
Is Zero one of the tangents are identical
and do not define a line.
These Figures 43 The description specifying points/
Have Different 44 figures to be defined and the
Lengths description specifying points/
figures used to define them show
dissimiliar quantities.
Undefined 1, 51 Two points which define a line
Direction 54, 56 are identical.
Undefined (many) You have requested use of a
Figure X presently undefined figure.
GeoCalc COGO - Surveying/Engineering Applications Software
Page 126
OPERATING ERRORS
ERROR MESSAGE COMMAND# CAUSE
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Undefined (many) You have requested use of a
Point X presently undefined point.
Undefined 42 The radius was not specified
Radius in the input not is it defined
by coincidence of BT and PC
or PT and FT.
*************************************************************
* WHENEVER AN ERROR IS DETECTED, 4 QUICK BEEPS WILL SOUND. *
* DURING THE CONDUCT OF A COGO SESSION, THIS WILL SEEM LIKE *
* A HECK OF A RACKET. HOWEVER, TO CONTINUE BANGING AWAY AT *
* THE KEYBOARD NOT AWARE THAT AN ERROR HAS OCCURED COULD BE *
* CATASTROPHIC. PAY ATTENTION TO THE SCREEN DURING BEEPS!! *
*************************************************************
Every effort has been made to install "error traps" at those
points in the program where we anticipate the majority of
errors might occur. There might be arithmetic errors, or
logic errors, or operator input errors. Whatever the type,
we have attempted to foresee their occasion. The "traps" are
designed to provide warning that a catastrophic error (one
that will exit COGO to DOS, with loss of all data) could
occur. They should inform of this potential then offer the
user an alternative. Other "traps" simply announce what may
or may not be errors. These are most often cases where the
user has induced a change in data value, such as assigning
new coordinate values to an occupied point number. Different
"traps" yet will announce that the input variables to a
command were incomplete.
Error traps can be only so effective in helping to protect a
user from himself before the warnings actually become a
liability due to their numbers and audible/optical assaults
on an operator's senses. When overloaded with these beeps at
every action, you may wish to turn them off - negating their
usefulness, or simply find that this isn't the COGO for you.
Hopefully, we have achieved an efficient compromise.
If you find that you are being incessantly beeped at or,
instead, are not being properly warned of hazards, please
report your difficulties to us via the report forms at the
end of this manual.
GeoCalc COGO - Surveying/Engineering Applications Software
Page 127
A SAMPLE SESSION
INTERACTIVE MODE
The following sample project is intended only to demonstrate
to you the basic commands and allow you to interact with COGO
while running a sample job whose outcome is known. However,
please note that this is not meant to be a detailed
instructional text on the techniques of using COGO, but
rather a fast introduction to the mechanics of using the
commands and data entry in an INTERACTIVE MODE. Before using
COGO for your own projects, please do run this sample job to
get familiar with COGO.
Although the sample problem describes a very basic geometric
figure, it should assist novice users in understanding what
COGO is all about: THE ASSIGNMENT OF COORDINATES TO ANY POINT
WILL COMPLETELY IDENTIFY AND LOCATE THAT POINT FOR ADDITIONAL
USES. The commands STORE, LOCATE BEARING, LOCATE ANGLE,
BEARING INTERSECT, INVERSE BEARING, and AREA BEARINGS are
used and explained as the solution progresses.
There are two distinct modes in which data can be entered
into the COGO program: INTERACTIVE...real-time via the
keyboard (in much the same fashion as you "punch out" a
solution on your hand calculator), and BATCH...where all the
commands and data are assembled and fed into COGO at one
time. First, we will run in INTERACTIVE mode.
We will assume that you have powered up COGO and are now at
the COGO prompt >>. From this point on, all of the commands
and data that you would type are preceeded by the COGO prompt
>>. All COGO output and responses follow your input.
************************************************************
* ----------------------------------------- *
* | Start the job and give it a file number | *
* | The file number is 234. | *
* ----------------------------------------- *
* *
*>>S O J 234 *
* *
***********************************************************
************************************************************
* --------------------------------------------- *
* | Store the POB coordinates in point number 1 | *
* --------------------------------------------- *
* *
*>>STORE 1 10000 10000 *
* *
* STORE 1 *
* *
************************************************************
GeoCalc COGO - Surveying/Engineering Applications Software
Page 128
A SAMPLE SESSION
INTERACTIVE MODE
************************************************************
* -------------------------------------- *
* | Traverse the first course, #1 to #2 | *
* -------------------------------------- *
* *
*>>LOCATE BEARING 1 2 N 23 25 26 E 326.247 *
* *
* 2 10299.3606 10129.6931 *
* *
************************************************************
************************************************************
* ---------------------------------------------- *
* | Traverse the 2nd course to the PC of a curve | *
* | The PC is point 3. | *
* | Note "repeatability" & blank in 1st column. | *
* ---------------------------------------------- *
* *
*>> 2 3 N 23 25 26 E 121.163 *
* *
* 3 10410.5385 10177.8591 *
* *
************************************************************
************************************************************
* ---------------------------------------------------- *
* | Traverse the 3rd course to the vertex of the curve | *
* | The vertex is point 4. | *
* ---------------------------------------------------- *
* *
*>>LOCATE ANGLE 2 3 4 -90. 110. *
* *
* 4 10366.8101 10278.7939 *
* *
************************************************************
************************************************************
* ------------------------------------------------ *
* | Traverse the 4th course to the PT of the curve | *
* | The PT is point 5. | *
* | Note "repeatability" & blank in 1st column. | *
* ------------------------------------------------ *
* *
*>> 3 4 5 90. 110. *
* *
* 5 10467.7449 10322.5223 *
* *
************************************************************
GeoCalc COGO - Surveying/Engineering Applications Software
Page 129
A SAMPLE SESSION
INTERACTIVE MODE
************************************************************
* -------------------------------------------- *
* | Traverse the 5th course to point 6. | *
* | Note "repeatability" & blank in 1st column | *
* -------------------------------------------- *
* *
*>> 4 5 6 -90. 110. *
* *
* 6 10424.0166 10423.4570 *
* *
************************************************************
=============================================================
| From this point on, all commands will be entered as codes |
| and all directions will be entered as quadrant codes. |
| This is considered the "expert" mode of data entry. |
=============================================================
************************************************************
* ------------------------------------ *
* | Traverse the 6th course to point 7 | *
* ------------------------------------ *
* *
*>>53 6 7 3 24 13 42 562.875 *
* *
* 7 9910.7211 10192.4678 *
* *
************************************************************
************************************************************
* ------------------------------------- *
* | Inverse between the POB point 1 and | *
* | the last calculated point 7. | *
* ------------------------------------- *
* *
*>>46 1 7 *
* *
* FROM 1 TO 7 S 65 06 54.378 E 212.1664 *
* *
************************************************************
GeoCalc COGO - Surveying/Engineering Applications Software
Page 130
A SAMPLE SESSION
INTERACTIVE MODE
*************************************************************
* ------------------------------------------------------- *
* | Assign point 8 by intersecting line 6 to 7 with a | *
* | perpendicular radiating from point 2. | *
* | This is the subdivision line. | *
* ------------------------------------------------------- *
* | Note that we have used the angle delimiters to | *
* | specify the bearings - see pages 28 - 30 for examples | *
* ------------------------------------------------------- *
* *
*>>18 8 2 (A 1 2 - 90.) 6 (A 6 7) *
* *
* 8 INTERSECTION ANGLE = 89 11 44.000 *
* 8 10213.1942 10328.5844 *
* *
*************************************************************
==========================================================
| Our project is now divided into 2 lots - north and south |
| Store both lots as figures. |
==========================================================
************************************************************
* ------------------------------ *
* | Store north lot as figure #1 | *
* ------------------------------ *
* *
*>>78 1 (2 3 C4R 5 6 8 2) *
* *
* STORE FIGURE 1 *
* *
************************************************************
************************************************************
* ------------------------------ *
* | Store south lot as figure #2 | *
* ------------------------------ *
* *
*>> 2 (1 2 8 7 1) *
* *
* STORE FIGURE 2 *
* *
************************************************************
GeoCalc COGO - Surveying/Engineering Applications Software
Page 131
A SAMPLE SESSION
INTERACTIVE MODE
************************************************************
* ---------------------------------------------- *
* | Compute the area and display course bearings | *
* | and distances of north lot. | *
* ---------------------------------------------- *
* *
*>>11 1 *
* *
* AREA BEARINGS *
* 1 *
* 2 10299.3606 10129.6931 *
* N 23 25 26.000 E 121.1630 *
* 3 10410.5385 10177.8591 *
* S 66 34 34.000 E 110.0000 *
* CC 4 10366.8101 10278.7939 DELTA=90 00 00.000R L=172.7876*
* N 23 25 26.000 E 110.0000 *
* 5 10467.7449 10322.5223 *
* S 66 34 34.000 E 110.0000 *
* 6 10424.0166 10423.4570 *
* S 24 13 42.000 W 231.1858 *
* 8 10213.1942 10328.5844 *
* N 66 34 34.000 W 216.7542 *
* 2 10299.3606 10129.6931 *
* *
* AREA = 47884.025 SQ.FT. = 1.09926595 ACRES *
* *
************************************************************
************************************************************
* ---------------------------------------------- *
* | Compute the area and display course bearings | *
* | and distances of south lot. | *
* ---------------------------------------------- *
* *
*>> 2 *
* *
* AREA BEARINGS *
* 2 *
* 1 10000.0000 10000.0000 *
* N 23 25 26.000 E 326.2470 *
* 2 10299.3606 10129.6931 *
* S 66 34 34.000 E 216.7542 *
* 8 10213.1942 10328.5844 *
* S 24 13 42.000 W 331.6892 *
* 7 9910.7211 10192.4678 *
* N 65 06 54.378 W 212.1664 *
* 1 10000.0000 10000.0000 *
* *
* AREA = 70542.041 SQ.FT. = 1.61942242 ACRES *
* *
************************************************************
GeoCalc COGO - Surveying/Engineering Applications Software
Page 132
A SAMPLE SESSION
BATCH MODE
If you entered the commands and data of the sample problem in
interactive mode, you might now have developed a slightly
grudging respect for the power and versatility of COGO,
despite having used only the most basic of its commands. As
you become more comfortable with COGO and versed in its
command structure, you will develop an awareness of its
tremendous capabilities. To become thoroughly skilled in its
use, all we can suggest is practice, practice, practice. The
more you use it, and the more diverse the commands you use,
the more efficient you will become.
Finally, to demonstrate the BATCH MODE of using COGO, we have
placed the entire list of commands and data that created
figures 1 and 2 on your data disk in 2 ASCII files. They are
files CG234PRO.INP and CG234COM.INP, were created in our word
processor, and are listed below as they appear on disk (from
your DOS A> prompt, type TYPE B:CG234PRO.INP or TYPE
B:CG234COM.INP to view them on your screen). Instead of
being run interactively from the keyboard as we did in the
preceding pages, the subdivision project could have been
typed into a file, using your word processor or text editor.
The job could then have been run at any time via the BATCH
command, which places COGO into the BATCH mode of operation
(as opposed to INTERACTIVE mode).
THE BATCH MODE RECOGNIZES, ACCEPTS, AND EXECUTES COMMANDS AND
INPUT DATA CONTAINED IN AN ASCII TEXT FILE, JUST AS IF THOSE
SAME COMMANDS AND INPUT DATA WERE BEING ENTERED BY THE
OPERATOR VIA THE KEYBOARD, INTERACTIVELY.
The primary advantage to BATCH mode is that if there was a
mistake in any of the data, you do not have to manually
re-enter the entire job, after correcting the error, from the
keyboard as you would have had to do in interactive mode.
You could instead correct just the erroneous data in your
editor/word processor then re-run the BATCH. The peripheral
advantages to running projects in the BATCH mode are many,
but it primarily allows a documented, orderly listing of all
input/output (via the printer) for a complex project,
provides for convenient error correction, and allows
execution by non-technical personnel.
If you use the command BATCH SCREEN on either CG234PRO or
CG234COM, then the complete solution will scroll across your
monitor as it occurs. If you use the command BATCH PRINT,
then no display will occur on your monitor but will instead
output to the printer, providing you with a printed record of
the commands, input data, and output resultants. Note that
this will allow evaluation and analysis of the complete
solution process as it took place! Please note that
coordinates created via the BATCH mode are no different than
if they had been created in INTERACTIVE mode; they must be
saved to disk via the END OF JOB or END OF RUN commands too.
GeoCalc COGO - Surveying/Engineering Applications Software
Page 133
A SAMPLE SESSION
BATCH MODE
First, run the CG234COM.INP file & output to screen only:
1) From the COGO prompt >>, type S O J 234 & [RETURN]
2) From the COGO prompt >>, type BATCH SCREEN & [RETURN]
3) In response to query, type CG234COM & [RETURN]
Now, run the CG234PRO.INP file & output to printer only:
1) From the COGO prompt >>, type S O J 234 & [RETURN]
2) From the COGO prompt >>, type BATCH PRINT & [RETURN]
3) In response to query, type CG234PRO & [RETURN]
Note that before invoking the BATCH command, we started job
#234 by using the START OF JOB command to activate the
coordinate file; you can't run a job unless the file is 1st
opened on the disk. Note also that when the batch command
prompted us to enter the batch file's name, we entered
CG234COM & CG234PRO, but WITHOUT the extension .INP; never
enter the extension, although it MUST ALWAYS be assigned with
the extension .INP (thats how it automatically finds it on
the default data disk and distinguishes it from the normal
coordinate file CG###). Also, the commands of CG234PRO.INP
all begin in column #1; this is absolutely required of all
BATCH files, unless you want to invoke the "repeatability"
feature of COGO by leaving a blank space in column 1 to
repeat the prior command as illustrated in file CG234COM.INP.
A batch file must have been created in an editor or the
non-document (ASCII) mode of your favorite word processor.
This means that the document must be stored on the disk
without imbedded control codes or characters. Registered
users will receive a version that has the ability to call up
an editor/word processor without having to exit COGO for
creating and editing BATCH files. So that you might
experience the same capabilities using this version (1.22),
we suggest that before running COGO, you install the SIDEKICK
RAM-resident utility package by Borland International which
also contains a mini word processor (the NOTEPAD feature).
**************************************************
* *
* WHEN YOU CREATE AN ASCII BATCH FILE, *
* SAVE IT TO THE DEFAULT DATA DISK *
* WITH THE EXTENSION OF [.INP] *
* *
* THE DEFAULT DATA DISK WILL BE SEARCHED *
* AUTOMATICALLY FOR THE [.INP] FILE *
* WHEN THE BATCH COMMAND IS INVOKED. *
* *
**************************************************
GeoCalc COGO - Surveying/Engineering Applications Software
Page 134
A SAMPLE SESSION
BATCH MODE
File "CG234PRO.INP"
The following BATCH file is typed in "PROper" mode - all
commands are spelled out, comments are used liberally,
spacing is used to improve readability, bearing directions
are used instead of quadrant numbers, and repeating commands
are re-typed. In other words, this file can be easily
understood and edited by anyone familiar with the COGO
commands.
** COGO project to create "North" and "South" figures.
*
* Store the origin in point #1.
*
STORE 1 10000 10000
*
* Create perimeter points.
*
* COMMAND BS AP FS DIRECTION/ANGLE DISTANCE
*~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~ ~~ ~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~
LOCATE BEARING 1 2 N 23 25 26 E 326.247
LOCATE BEARING 2 3 N 23 25 26 E 121.163
LOCATE ANGLE 2 3 4 -90. 110
LOCATE ANGLE 3 4 5 90. 110
LOCATE ANGLE 4 5 6 -90. 110
LOCATE BEARING 6 7 S 24 13 42 W 562.875
*
* Inverse from point #1 to point #7.
*
INVERSE BEARING 1 7
*
* Intersect line 6-7 with a perpendicular from point 2.
*
BEARING INTERSECT 8 2 (A 1 2 - 90.) 6 (A 6 7)
*
* Store the "North" parcel in figure #1.
* Store the "South" parcel in figure #2.
*
STORE FIGURE 1 (2 3 C4R 5 6 8 2)
STORE FIGURE 2 (1 2 8 7 1)
*
* Inverse bearings/distances & compute area of figure #1.
* Inverse bearings/distances & compute area of figure #2.
*
AREA BEARINGS 1
AREA BEARINGS 2
*
* End Of Job of file #234.
*
END OF JOB
GeoCalc COGO - Surveying/Engineering Applications Software
Page 135
A SAMPLE SESSION
BATCH MODE
File "CG234COM.INP"
The following BATCH file is typed in "COMmon" (or
abbreviated) mode - all commands are identified by their menu
numbers, comments are not used, spacing is not used to
improve readability, quadrant numbers are used instead of
bearing directions, and repeating commands are automatically
invoked by leaving a space in column #1. In other words,
this could be considered the "expert" mode of batching,
compressed and efficient - but very cryptic and difficult to
understand, evaluate, and edit. It performs exactly the same
operations as the BATCH file of the preceding page.
77 1 10000 10000
53 1 2 1 23 25 26 326.247
2 3 1 23 25 26 121.163
51 2 3 4 -90. 110
3 4 5 90. 110
4 5 6 -90. 110
53 6 7 3 24 13 42 562.875
46 1 7
18 8 2 (A 1 2 - 90.) 6 (A 6 7)
78 1(2 3 C4R 5 6 8 2)
2(1 2 8 7 1)
11 1
2
35
NOTE: There are no appreciable execution speed differences
between PROper and COMmon batch files; however, the
COMmon form of the batch file does take less disk
space.
************************************************************
* *
* IT IS SUGGESTED *
* THAT *
* ALL BATCH FILES BE CREATED IN "PROPER" FORMAT *
* FOR *
* COMPUTATIONS THAT WILL BE EVALUATED AT A LATER DATE *
* OR *
* PROJECTS THAT MAY BE LATER AMMENDED OR CORRECTED *
* *
************************************************************
GeoCalc COGO - Surveying/Engineering Applications Software
Page 136
BUG REPORT
NAME___________________________________ DATE_____________
ADDRESS________________________________ DISK ENCLOSED?
Y____ N____
CITY, STATE, ZIP_______________________
PRINTOUT ENCLOSED?
TELEPHONE ( ) _______ _____________ Y____ N____
Please describe, as precisely as possible, the nature of the
error or bug:
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
If possible, please try to duplicate the error in a BATCH
file. If you can send the BATCH file to us (preferably on
disk) it will speed up the correction process.
All formal bug reporters will be given a 10% discount off the
standard registration fees if they have not yet registered
(however, we can not make this discount offer retroactive).
THANK YOU FOR YOUR COOPERATION!
GeoCalc COGO - Surveying/Engineering Applications Software
Page 137
COMMENTS & SUGGESTIONS
NAME___________________________________ DATE_____________
ADDRESS________________________________ DISK ENCLOSED?
Y____ N____
CITY, STATE, ZIP_______________________
PRINTOUT ENCLOSED?
TELEPHONE ( ) _______ _____________ Y____ N____
Please describe your comment or suggestion:
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
If applicable, please try to illustrate your comments or
suggestions in a BATCH file. If you can send the BATCH file
to us (preferably on disk) it will allow us to more easily
evaluate your comments/suggestions.
All formal comment/suggestion reporters will be given a 10%
discount off the standard registration fees if they have not
yet registered (however, we can not make this discount offer
retroactive).
THANK YOU FOR YOUR COOPERATION!
GeoCalc COGO - Surveying/Engineering Applications Software
Page 138
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The creation of GeoCalc's COGO spanned several years, from
its original conception as a micro based applications
program, through its flow and algorithm design and coding, to
its eventual assemblage and testing. It occupied the time
and services of many individuals and organizations during
this process. The following credits may at times get
melancholy; we certainly don't want to bore or offend our
users, but hey, these are our acknowledgements and we can get
funky if we want. When you write your acknowledgements, then
you can do it your way.
We would like to thank and recognize Jim Requa of
TerraGraphics, Dr. Charles L. Miller of CLM/Systems, Inc.,
and Ronald Leers of Charles H. Sells, Inc. for providing the
original conceptions of COGO and historical documentation;
Professor Steven Jochum of Temple University's College of
Engineering & Architecture for establishing GeoCalc's COGO in
his curriculum and helping us to "legitimize" the program;
Bill, Don, and John Barton of Barton & Martin Consulting
Engineers and Ed Bursich of Bursich & Associates for their
willingness to help us test the code; Conrad L. Moore of C.
L. Moore Land Surveying Inc. for extensive general testing;
Israel Zeitz of the Philadelphia Bureau of Surveys & Design's
4th Survey District for working on the spiral commands; all
those individuals and their firms who have provided or
offered material support, suggestions, and encouragement; and
finally, Patricia and Carol Cleary and Patricia and Cynthia
Havey for typing code and documentation until their
fingernails got short, putting up with more late night/early
morning antics and phone activity than a family of vampires,
accepting virtual poverty or at least heavy debt because
"...Honey, we REALLY need (take your choice) a compiler,
another 1000 disks, to incorporate, another computer system
for development, etc....", and generally supporting and
assisting the project in the zillions of ways that test
patience, endurance, and commitment.
Thank you all.
GeoCalc COGO - Surveying/Engineering Applications Software
Page 139
FUTURE VERSIONS
Our intent is to revise and improve COGO on a continuous
basis.
Of course, every attempt will be made to make these changes
downwardly compatible with prior versions of COGO. This is
the reason for the spaces in the menu of this version (1.22).
Re-alphabetizing the commands, and thus changing their menu
numbers, would not allow batch files written on one version
to run on a later version. For example, suppose you create a
batch file with this Ver. 1.22 in COMmon mode that uses the
code number for LOCATE BEARING (#53). When you register and
receive an expanded version, if the code number of the LOCATE
BEARING command has changed because of menu additions, that
particular batch file will not run on the later version
without an awkward or inconvenient conversion routine.
Future versions of COGO will contain these functions (some
of which are now being developed/tested):
1. Color
2. Screen plotting with unlimited zooming and real-time
panning via flip-up window (CGA, EGA, & PGA).
3. Vertical (elevation) coordinates: X, Y, and Z.
4. Some additional applications, such as
a. State Plane Coordinate/Latitude, Longitude
conversions.
b. Stadia.
c. Volumetric computations.
d. Cut/Fill computations with formal output sheet.
5. Conversion routines to address the popular CADD packages
and other COGO's so that data from these other
programs can be input to GeoCalc's COGO and
vice-versa.
6. A resident text editor to allow creation of batch files
without exiting COGO to a third party editor.
7. A toggle to activate automatic saving (in RAM) of
commands in interactive mode; this would allow error
correction similar to batch mode.
8. Compression/reduction of the program's code; its much too
large and we know it! Many of the current routines
written in high level languages will be re-written in
low level languages.
9. Much better documentation. The goal here is clear,
concise instructions without making the reference
manual a textbook.
The above are some of many enhancements that are planned; the
official "wish list" is quite long but can be changed at your
requests via the suggestion form of page 137. Note that some
of the above will be resident within COGO while others are
supplementary programs.
GeoCalc COGO - Surveying/Engineering Applications Software
Page 140
CHRONOLOGY OF GEOCALC'S COGO
VERSION DESCRIPTION
~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
1.20 The original; released in limited quantities as a
beta test package in the Philadelphia area only.
1.21 First national distribution.
1.22 Current version...minor bugs of V 1.21 repaired.
GeoCalc COGO - Surveying/Engineering Applications Software
LAYOUT 000
rBPB?A·----\----+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+----/---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+----BPB?A·\--------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------/----+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+----BP