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- 189
- Photographic Process Workers
-
- (D.O.T. 962.361; 970.281-010 and -018, .381-010 and -034;
- 972.384-014; 976.361, .380-010, .381-010, -014, -018, and -022,
- .382-010, -014, -018, -022, -030, and -038, .384-010 and -014, .385,
- .665, .681, .682-010, -014, -018, and -022, .684-014, -030, and
- -038, .685-014, -018, -022, -026, -030, -034, and -038; 979.384)
-
- Nature of the Work
-
- Most amateur and professional photographers rely on photo processing
- workers to develop film, make prints and slides, and do related
- tasks such as enlarging and retouching photographs. Photographic
- processing machine operators and tenders operate various machines,
- such as motion picture film printing machines, photographic printing
- machines, film developing machines, and mounting presses. Precision
- photographic process workers perform more delicate tasks, such as
- retouching photographic negatives and prints to stress or correct
- specific features or characteristics of subjects. They may restore
- damaged and faded photographs, and may color or shade drawings to
- create photographic likenesses using an airbrush. They also may
- color photographs, using oil colors to produce natural, lifelike
- appearances according to specifications.
-
- The following jobs are examples of the work that machine operators
- perform. Developers develop exposed photographic film or sensitized
- paper in a series of chemical and water baths to produce negative or
- positive prints. They first mix the developing and fixing
- solutions, following a formula. They then immerse the exposed film
- in a developer solution to bring out the latent image, immerse the
- negative in stop-bath to halt the developer action, immerse it in
- hyposolution to fix the image, and finally immerse it in water to
- remove chemicals. The worker then dries the prints. In some cases,
- these steps may be performed by hand. Color printer operators
- control equipment which produces color prints from the negatives.
- They read customer instructions to determine processing
- requirements. They load the rolls into color printing equipment,
- examine the negatives to determine equipment control settings, set
- the controls, and produce a specified number of prints. They
- inspect the finished prints for defects, and remove any that are
- found, finally inserting the processed negatives and prints into an
- envelope for return to the customer. Automatic print developers
- develop strips of exposed photographic paper; takedown sorters sort
- processed film; and automatic mounters operate equipment that cuts
- and mounts slide film into individual transparencies.
-
- Precision photographic process workers generally use a conventional
- negative and, using a computer, may vary the contrast of images,
- remove unwanted background, or even combine features from several
- different photographs. Precision photographic process workers in
- portrait studios, on the other hand, deal in very high volume, and
- tend to work directly on the photo negative, rather than on a
- computer. These workers include airbrush artists, who restore
- damaged and faded photographs; photographic retouchers, who alter
- photographic negatives and prints to accentuate the subject;
- colorists, who apply oil colors to portrait photographs to create
- natural, lifelike appearances; and photographic spotters, who spot
- out imperfections on photographic prints.
-
- Photographic process workers must be able to adapt to technological
- advances.
-
- Working Conditions
-
- In recent years, more commercial photographic processing has been
- done on computers than in darkrooms, and this trend is expected to
- continue. Work generally is performed in clean, appropriately
- lighted, well-ventilated, and air-conditioned offices,
- photofinishing laboratories, or 1-hour minilabs. At peak times,
- portrait studios hire individuals who work at home, developing and
- retouching negatives.
-
- Photographic process machine operators must do repetitious work at a
- rapid pace without any loss of accuracy. Precision process workers
- do detailed tasks, such as airbrushing and spotting, which may
- contribute to eye fatigue.
-
- Some photographic process workers are exposed to the chemicals and
- fumes associated with developing and printing. These workers must
- wear rubber gloves and aprons and take precautions against chemical
- hazards.
-
- Many photo laboratory employees work a 40-hour week, including
- weekends, and may work overtime during peak seasons.
-
- Employment
-
- Photographic process workers held about 63,000 jobs in 1992.
- Photofinishing laboratories and 1-hour minilabs employed about
- two-thirds. About 3 out of 10 worked for portrait studios and
- commercial laboratories that specialize in processing the work of
- professional photographers for advertising and other industries.
-
- Employment fluctuates over the course of the year; peak periods
- include school graduation, summer vacation, and Christmas time.
-
- Training, Other Qualifications, and Advancement
-
- Most photographic process machine operators receive on-the-job
- training from equipment manufacturers or experienced workers, and
- gradually learn to operate the machines that develop and print film.
-
- Employers prefer applicants who are high school graduates or those
- who have some experience or knowledge in the field. As preparation
- for precision work, proficiency in mathematics, art, and computer
- science, as well as photography courses that include instruction in
- film processing are valuable. Such courses are available through
- high schools, vocational-technical institutes, private trade
- schools, adult education programs, and colleges and universities.
-
- On-the-job training in photographic processing occupations can last
- a few hours for print machine operators to years for precision
- workers like airbrush artists, spotters, and negative retouchers.
- Some workers attend periodic training seminars to maintain a high
- level of skill. Manual dexterity, good hand-eye coordination, and
- good vision, including normal color perception, are important
- qualifications for precision photographic process workers. They
- must be comfortable with computers and able to adapt to
- technological advances.
-
- Photographic process machine workers generally advance from jobs as
- machine operators to supervisory positions in laboratories.
- Precision photographic process workers generally earn more as their
- skill level and the complexity of tasks they can perform increases.
-
- Job Outlook
-
- Employment of photographic process workers is expected to increase
- about as fast as the average for all occupations through the year
- 2005. Most openings will result from replacement needs, which tend
- to be higher for machine operators than for precision process
- workers.
-
- The volume of film to be processed should ensure continued job
- growth for machine operators, despite laborsaving advances in
- photographic processing equipment, as long as film remains the
- mainstay of photographic processing. Digital cameras, which use
- electronic memory rather than a film negative to record the image,
- are now available. However, these cameras are much more expensive
- than conventional cameras, and generally are not capable of
- producing an equally sharp image. As the technology improves and
- the price declines, photographic process machine operators may be
- displaced.
-
- Technological change is unlikely to affect demand for precision
- photographic process workers in the same way because the editing and
- adjustments they make to pictures need to be performed to digital
- images as well as to negatives. No matter what improvements occur
- in camera technology, there always will be some images that require
- precise manipulation.
-
- Because photographic processing services are luxuries for most
- consumers, the number of job openings may decrease during
- recessions.
-
- Earnings
-
- Earnings of photographic process workers vary greatly depending on
- skill level, experience, and geographic location. Median earnings
- for full-time photographic process workers in 1992 were about $330 a
- week. The middle 50 percent earned between $250 and $460 a week.
- The lowest 10 percent earned less than $210 a week; the highest 10
- percent, more than $520.
-
- Related Occupations
-
- Precision photographic process workers need a specialized knowledge
- of the photodeveloping process. Other workers who apply specialized
- technical knowledge include chemical laboratory technicians, crime
- laboratory analysts, food testers, medical laboratory assistants,
- metallurgical technicians, quality control technicians, engravers,
- and some of the printing occupations, such as photolithographer.
-
- Photographic process machine operators perform work similar to that
- of other machine operators, such as computer and peripheral
- equipment operators and printing press operators.
-
- Sources of Additional Information
-
- For information about employment opportunities in photographic
- laboratories and schools that offer degrees in photographic
- technology, write to:
-
- Photo Marketing Association International, 3000 Picture Place,
- Jackson, MI 49201.
-
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