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- 171
- Dental Hygienists
-
- (D.O.T. 078.361-010)
-
- Nature of the Work
-
- Dental hygienists provide preventive dental care and teach patients
- how to practice good oral hygiene.
-
- Hygienists examine patients' teeth and gums, recording the presence
- of diseases or abnormalities. They remove calculus, stain, and
- plaque from teeth; apply caries-preventive agents such as fluorides
- and pit and fissure sealants; take and develop dental x rays; place
- temporary fillings and periodontal dressings; remove sutures; and
- polish and recontour amalgam restorations. In some States,
- hygienists administer local anesthetics and nitrous oxide/oxygen
- analgesia, and place and carve filling materials.
-
- Dental hygienists also help patients develop and maintain good oral
- health. For example, they may explain the relationship between diet
- and oral health, inform patients how to select toothbrushes, and
- show patients how to floss their teeth. Some hygienists develop and
- promote community dental health programs which may include teaching
- how to practice good oral hygiene.
-
- Dental hygienists use hand and rotary instruments to clean teeth,
- x-ray machines to take dental pictures, syringes with needles to
- administer local anesthetics, and models of teeth to explain oral
- hygiene.
-
- Dental hygienists sometimes administer local anesthetic.
-
- Working Conditions
-
- Flexible scheduling is a distinctive feature of this job.
- Full-time, part-time, evening, and weekend work is widely available.
- Dentists frequently hire hygienists to work only 2 or 3 days a week,
- so hygienists may hold jobs in more than one dental office.
-
- Dental hygienists work in clean, well-lighted offices. Important
- health safeguards include strict adherence to proper radiological
- procedures, compliance with recommended aseptic technique, and use
- of appropriate protective devices when administering nitrous
- oxide/oxygen analgesia. Dental hygienists also wear safety glasses,
- surgical masks and gloves to protect themselves from infectious
- diseases such as hepatitis and AIDS. The occupation is one of
- several covered by the Consumer-Patient Radiation Health and Safety
- Act of 1981, which encourages the States to adopt uniform standards
- for the training and certification of individuals who perform
- medical and dental radiological procedures.
-
- Employment
-
- Dental hygienists held about 108,000 jobs in 1992. Because multiple
- jobholding is common in this field, the number of jobs greatly
- exceeds the number of hygienists. About half of all dental
- hygienists usually worked part time less than 35 hours a week.
-
- Almost all dental hygienists work in private dental offices. Some
- work in public health agencies, school systems, hospitals, and
- clinics.
-
- Training, Other Qualifications, and Advancement
-
- Dental hygienists must be licensed by the State in which they
- practice. To qualify for licensure, a candidate must graduate from
- an accredited dental hygiene school and pass both a written and a
- clinical examination. The American Dental Association Joint
- Commission on National Dental Examinations administers the written
- examination that is accepted by all States and the District of
- Columbia. State or regional testing agencies administer the
- clinical examination. In addition, examinations on legal aspects of
- dental hygiene practice are required by most States. Alabama also
- allows candidates to take its examination if they have been trained
- through a State-regulated on-the-job program in a dentist's office.
-
- In 1993, 208 programs in dental hygiene were accredited by the
- Commission on Dental Accreditation. Although some programs lead to
- a bachelor's degree, most grant an associate degree. Five
- universities offer master's degree programs in dental hygiene.
-
- An associate degree is sufficient for practice in a private dental
- office. A bachelor's or master's degree is usually required for
- research, teaching, or clinical practice in public or school health
- programs.
-
- About half of the dental hygiene programs prefer applicants who have
- completed at least 1 year of college. Some of the bachelor's degree
- programs require applicants to have completed 2 years. However,
- requirements vary from school to school. These schools offer
- laboratory, clinical, and classroom instruction in subjects such as
- anatomy, physiology, chemistry, microbiology, pharmacology,
- nutrition, radiography, histology (the study of tissue structure),
- periodontology (the study of gum diseases), pathology, dental
- materials, clinical dental hygiene, and social and behavioral
- sciences.
-
- Dental hygienists should work well with others, particularly
- patients who may be under stress. Dental hygienists must have
- manual dexterity because they use dental instruments with little
- room for error within a patient's mouth. Recommended high school
- courses for aspiring dental hygienists include biology, chemistry,
- and mathematics.
-
- Job Outlook
-
- Employment of dental hygienists is expected to grow much faster than
- the average for all occupations through the year 2005 in response to
- increasing demand for dental care. Demand will be stimulated by
- population growth, greater retention of natural teeth by middle-aged
- and elderly people and rising real incomes. Additional job openings
- will result from the need to replace workers who leave the
- occupation.
-
- Also, dentists are likely to employ more hygienists, for several
- reasons. Older dentists, who are less likely to employ dental
- hygienists, will leave and be replaced by recent graduates, who are
- more likely to do so. In addition, as dentists' workloads increase,
- they are expected to hire more hygienists to perform preventive
- dental care such as cleaning, so they may use their own time more
- profitably.
-
- Enrollments in dental hygiene programs have been on the rise
- recently after declining during the 1980's. Unless the number
- increases sharply, however, opportunities are expected to remain
- very good.
-
- Earnings
-
- Earnings of dental hygienists are affected by geographic location,
- employment setting, and education and experience. Dental hygienists
- who work in private dental offices may be paid on an hourly, daily,
- salary, or commission basis.
-
- According to the American Dental Association, dental hygienists who
- worked 32 hours a week or more averaged $609 a week in 1991; the
- average hourly earnings for all dental hygienists was $18.50.
-
- Benefits vary substantially by practice setting, and may be
- contingent upon full-time employment. Dental hygienists who work
- for school systems, public health agencies, the Federal Government,
- or State agencies usually have substantial benefits.
-
- Related Occupations
-
- Workers in other occupations supporting health practitioners in an
- office setting include dental assistants, ophthalmic medical
- assistants, podiatric assistants, office nurses, medical assistants,
- and physician assistants.
-
- Sources of Additional Information
-
- For information on a career in dental hygiene and the educational
- requirements to enter this occupation, contact:
-
- Division of Professional Development, American Dental Hygienists'
- Association, 444 N. Michigan Ave., Suite 3400, Chicago, IL 60611.
-
- SELECT, American Dental Association, Department of Career Guidance,
- 211 E. Chicago Ave., Suite 1804, Chicago, IL 60611.
-
- For information about accredited programs and educational
- requirements, contact:
-
- Commission on Dental Accreditation, American Dental Association, 211
- E. Chicago Ave., Suite 1814, Chicago, IL 60611.
-
- The State Board of Dental Examiners in each State can supply
- information on licensing requirements.
-