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Text File | 1989-05-01 | 26.2 KB | 564 lines

This is another (ho-hum) Quickbasic library, dealing almost exclusively with routines that print text. Most such libraries are a series of short, pretty much independent calls. This one is more integrated in that calls such as KLS, Prnt, Kolor and Lokate share data, as do OpenW, FillW, and CloseLastW and others. It gives you the ability to set the display to any of the VGA text modes, print strings and numbers on 132 column displays, read and set the VGA color registers, in addition to the usual windows routines. Feel free to write if you think you have found a bug or the program doesn't work as expected. You might first check for a newer version, and may also try leaving a message on the Odie link. New versions of QB4Win can usually be found on these BBS's: Exec-PC (414) - 964 - 5160 The Utilities Exchange (614) - 442 - 6695 Jesse's Board (513) - 385 - 8512 Greater Cincinnatti PC users (513) - 221 - 7284 Public Domain SIG (619) - 749 - 2741 Odie link (614) - 335 - 3972. ================================================================================ Documentation for QBasic Windows Version 3.0 April 1989 The calls are listed in this file in alphabetical order, followed by the notes. The documentation for W30.bas and most of the VGA routines is in W30.BAS in the sub W30DOC. * denotes new or changed in this version I. Window Routines OpenW FillW *SetViewP SaveW InitW SetViewW CloseW DebugW CloseLastW DefBorder *Dump2 II. Print routines Printt PrintW *Lokate Prnt PrntW Kolor *PrntS *PrntUsingS *KLS III. Misc ScrollU ReadScreen ChangeAttr ScrollD Int3 SwapAttr ScrollL *Int10 CGA ScrollR *Adapter Monochrome *ReturnSegments III. Notes Arrays Files Segments Attributes Lockups TR,LC,BR,RC W30.DEC =========================================================================== If you will, let me know how successful this program has been. James A. Paisley 10690 Allen Rd NW Washington C.H.,Oh 43160 Name _________________________________________ Address __________________________________________ __________________________________________ I have version________3.0_____ Enclose $5 if you want the source code, about 3500 lines in assembler. =========================================================================== Adapter (a%) Pass an integer variable to this call to find what kind of video adapter is active. I have not tested it with anything except a VGA. A VGA will return a value of 3 even if it is emulating a CGA or EGA. Return codes: 0 - monochrome 1 - CGA 2 - EGA 3 - VGA =========================================================================== CGA () Changes the video segment to B800h for use with the CGA, EGA or VGA. This is the default value. =========================================================================== ChangeAttr (attr) Changes all the attributes on the screen to a given value. Assumes the display is 25 x 80. =========================================================================== CloseLastW () Closes the most recently opened window (created with OpenW or SaveW). The coordinates and segment of the last ten windows are saved on a revolving stack so it may be called up to ten times. CloseW will bump the last one off the stack. OpenW and SaveW add one to the stack (even if the segment is 0). Call DebugW to view the stack. Example: redim b(1000): CALL SaveW(VARSEG(b(1)), 1, 1, 24, 80) call OpenW(2,&h30,0,1,40,10,60) call CloseLastW call CloseLastW =========================================================================== CloseW (segment,TR,LC,BR,RC) Closes a window opened by either SaveW or OpenW. The window may be moved or copied to a new location on the screen by changing the coordinates. =========================================================================== DebugW () Prints information about the current values for QB4Windows parameters. =========================================================================== DefBorder(x$) Allows the user to define a new border. X$ is a string of nine characters for the top left corner top row top right corner left side middle bottom left corner bottom line bottom right corner DefBorder may also be used to fill an area of the screen with a character. For example, to fill the entire screen with periods: Call DefBorder (".........") call OpenW(4,attribute,0,1,1,25,80) =========================================================================== Dump2 (r, c, attr, border, NLines, Ncol, seg, offset, format, refreshRate) Does a debug-style memory dump. W30.BAS demonstrates this routine by using a sort of multi-tasking to do an X-RAY type dump of the keyboard buffer. R & C Start printing at this row and column attr defines the color border same as borders used by OpenW NLines # of lines to dump Ncol not used with this format Seg Segment to display Offset Offset to display format not used rate not used The Offset is an integer variable ( not BYVAL), and is changed after the call so you may scroll thru memory without redefining the offset. The call Refresh simply repeats the last call to dump2, but faster because no data is passed. You should be able to display the memory dump on a second monitor by switching between the cga & vga video segments: Call Mono: Call Refresh: Call CGA =========================================================================== FillW ( n , varptr(a$(L) ) Fills a window with strings from an array. The coordinates used are those of the window most recently opened with OpenW or SaveW. The first n characters of each string are skipped, so increasing n has the effect of scrolling to the left. Increasing L has the effect of scrolling up. Example: call OpenW(2,7,0,2,20,10,40) redim a$(500) [ assign strings to a$() ] n=0:L=1 call FillW(n,varptr(a$(L)) The sub FILL in WDemo.bas demonstrates using FillW to view a file and the main menu uses it to fill a menu box. This will not work with an array of fixed length strings. =========================================================================== GScrollL8 (TR, LC, BR, RC) Scrolls left 8 pixels in graphics mode (screen 1 and screen 2). tr and br are numbers from 0 to 199 lc and rc are from 0 to 639 and are rounded down to the nearest multiple of 8. there is no error checking, wierd values could make it hang not thoroughly tested =========================================================================== InitW (RR%, CC%) Resets all the parameters for windows to their default values. This should be called at the beginning of a program. If the program is halted and run again, the defaults may be incorrect. This call passes the integer variables RR and CC so that Lokate, Prnt and PrntW can find them. The call to InitW is included in W30.DEC. =========================================================================== int3 () calls interrupt 3 =========================================================================== Int10 (ax%, bx%, cx%, dx%) Copies DS into ES, calls interrupt 10h, passes the values of 4 registers back to QBasic. =========================================================================== KLS Clears the screen, sets the cursor coordinates (RR and CC) to 1. =========================================================================== Kolor foreground, background Sets the color for Prnt and PrntW, like Basic's COLOR. =========================================================================== Lokate x, y Sets the cursor location (used by PrntW, Prnt, PrntS, etc) by setting the values of RR and CC. RR and CC are defined as common shared integers in W30.dec. It also now moves the visible cursor to the new location. Use basic's LOCATE to change the shape of the cursor. You may also have to move the cursor or CLS to make it take effect. I expect some problems with keeping the cursor visible and the right shape, expecially when using the VGA modes. Example to make a block cursor: CLS : Locate 1,1,1,1,12 =========================================================================== MonoChrome Changes the video segment to B000h for use with the monochrome adapter. =========================================================================== OpenW (border, attribute, segment, TR, LC, BR, RC) Saves the window like SaveW. In addition, the area in the window is blanked and a border drawn around it. The values for border are: 0 no border 1 single line 2 double line 3 double line at top and bottom, single line on sides 4 User defined (by Call DefBorder) No border is used if the box has less than 3 lines or columns If the segment passed is 0 the data is not saved and you do not have to dimension an array. This is used to draw a box, set up coordinates for FillW and erase the window. Example: call OpenW(2,7,0,2,20,10,40) The sub Machine in WDemo.bas demonstrates using OpenW to draw a black rectangle. =========================================================================== Printt a$,attribute, Row,Column print a string at row,column within the boundaries of SetViewPage =========================================================================== PrintW a$,attr,Row,col print a string at row,column within the boundaries of the currently active window (the window most recently defined by OpenW or SaveW). Row and Col 1,1 is the top left corner of the screen. However, since these are automatically adjusted to fit within the window, if you call PrintW with row and col equal to 1, they will be changed to the top left corner of the window. =========================================================================== Prnt A$ PrntW A$ Same as Printt and PrintW, except that the attribute and location are passed by Kolor & Lokate. The cursor is moved to the next space after the string. =========================================================================== PrntS (BYVAL x!) Prints a single-precision number. Use lokate & kolor to set the location and color. It is about twice as fast as QBasic, and 7 times faster if called directly from assembler. Maximum of 7 digits right of the decimal point, about 18 left of the decimal point, and 7 significant digits. This was not easy to write, but I thought it important because it minimizes the need to mix Prnt and PRINT statements and the problems associated with passing the cursor location back and forth between QB4Win and QBasic. =========================================================================== PrntUsingS (mask$, x) Prints a single precison number using a mask, like PRINT USING. Only the length of the string and position of the decimal point are important. Example: x=33.4:PrntUsingS "####.###", x Output: 33.400 =========================================================================== ReadScreen (a$, row, column) Reads text from the screen into a string variable. The first character is at (row,column) and the number read equals the length of the string. Usage: a$ = SPACE$(n) : call ReadScreen (a$, row, column) =========================================================================== ReturnSegments (cs%, ds%) Returns the current data & code segments in two variables. CS% is the code segment for QB4Win, and its data starts at offset 0. DS% is the data for QBasic. =========================================================================== SaveW (segment, TR, LC, BR, RC) Saves the contents of the screen inside the window defined by Toprow,left column,bottom row and right column into a dynamic numeric array. The coordinates of the window are pushed onto the stack for CloseLastW. The display on the screen is not altered. The contents of the window may be restored by calling CloseLastW or CloseW. If 0 is passed as the segment, the contents of the window are not saved, although the data for the window is still pushed onto a stack. This is used to set up the coordinates of a window for FillW or PrntW. Example to define a window but not save it: call SaveW(0,1,1,24,80) : PrintW a$, 7, 1, 1 An example to save the entire screen: Rem $DYNAMIC REDIM a%(2000):' sets aside 4000 bytes of memory call SaveW (VARSEG(a%(1)),1,1,25,80) =========================================================================== SetViewPage (page) Defines the active page. Page is a number from 0 to 3. The default value is 0. Typical usage is: SCREEN , , page,page : SetViewPage page Not all the pages available with the VGA are supported. The page numbers for each mode: 25 x 80 0, 1, 2, 3 25 x 132 0, 1 34 x 80 0, 1 37 x 100 0, 1 34 x 132 0 43 x 80 0, 1 42 x 100 0 43 x 132 0 50 x 80 0, 1 50 x 132 0 60 x 80 0 75 x 100 0 60 x 132 0 =========================================================================== SetViewW ( TR, LC, BR, RC) Defines the active portion of the screen. Similar to Basic's VIEW PRINT [topline TO bottomline] statement except that columns is also a parameter. All the routines in QB4Windows operate within these boundaries except ChangeAttr and SwapAttr. Use it to lock out the top or bottom line when that line is used for a menu. The default values are 1, 1, 75, 132 for all 4 pages. =========================================================================== SwapAttr () Swaps the foreground and background attributes for all the characters on the screen (25 lines x 80 columns only), stripping off any blinking bits. =========================================================================== ScrollU ( attribute, lines, tr, lc, br, rc) ScrollU,ScrollD,ScrollL,ScrollR scroll the window up,down,left or right. The information scrolled off the screen is lost, the lines or columns scrolled onto the screen are blanked using the specified attribute. example ScrollD(7,2,1,1,25,80):'scrolls the entire screen down two lines, 'top 2 lines are blanked with attribute 7 If the number of lines or columns to scroll is greater than the number in the window, the entire window is blanked. =========================================================================== III. Notes =========================================================================== If the program halts at the last line of W30.DEC, highlights "RR" and displays the message box "wrong data type", unload W30.DEC. It happens when you load W30.DEC to edit the file, and may have something to do with setting the main module. =========================================================================== The calls that don't have arguments can't be the first command on a line because they will be interpreted as labels instead of commands. These don't work: KLS : Prnt "Hello" CloseLastW : EXIT SUB These do: Call KLS: Prnt "Hello" KLS =========================================================================== All the print routines check the boundaries set by SetViewW, and also check the current display. Windows or Lokates outside these boundaries are resized to fit the screen. =========================================================================== QBasic saves the current state of the VGA before returning to the editor, and restores it if you halt and then continue the program, so it is not possible to change the editor to 43 line mode with W30.BAS. To use the editor in this mode, change before invoking QB.EXE. Since QBasic 4.0 does not support 132 column modes at all, and the VGA in this mode (mode 17h) emulates 80 column mode, it is not advisable to halt a program and try to use the editor while in the 132 column mode. W30.BAS restores the display to 25 x 80 when "q" is selected from the main menu. =========================================================================== After any print statement, the values of RR and CC are updated to reflect the new location that the cursor should be at. When mixing PRINT and Prnt or PrntS statements, pass the cursor locations back and forth thusly: Prnt A$ LOCATE RR, CC PRINT B$ Lokate CRSLIN, POS(0) Prnt c$ =========================================================================== CR$ If a string printed with Printt, PrintW, Prnt or PrntW is appended with a chr$(13) a carriage return\linefeed is executed. The line will be erased to the end and the cursor drops to the beginning of the next line, scrolling if necessary. This is equivalent to PRINT a$. Example: CR$ = Chr$(13): Lokate 1,1 Prnt "Hello" + cr$ 'The cursor will be at 2, 1 =========================================================================== EOL$ Appending the string with chr$(10) is the same as chr$(13) except that scrolling is suppressed. Use this to print on the last line of the screen and erase to the end of the line without causing the screen to scroll. RR will go out of bounds instead. Example: Lokate 25,1 : EOL$ = chr$(10) Prnt "Hello" + EOL$ 'prints "Hello" and 75 blank spaces 'Now RR=26 and CC=1 Prnt "Goodby" 'since RR is > 25, now the screen scrolls up and Goodby ' is printed at 25, 1 =========================================================================== Prnt and Printx are much faster than Basic, and don't have some of its quirks. For example, Locate 24,79:Print "abc"; :' will scroll the top 24 lines and print at 24,1 Locate 25,79:Print "abc"; :' will also scroll the first 24 lines and print at 24,1 a$="xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx" locate 1,1:Print a$;a$; 'the second a$ will print at 2,1 =========================================================================== Arrays ================================================================= | THE ARRAY MUST BE DYNAMIC. Use the $DYNAMIC metacommand at the | | beginning of the program or sub in which the dim or redim | | statement occurs. You may also force the array to be dynamic | | by using variables for the dimensions. This is most important | | when creating .exe files because they default to static arrays. | | The editor\compiler defaults to dynamic. | | Example: $dynamic | | n=200:redim array%(n) | | Call OpenW(2,7, varseg(array(1)), r,c,rr,cc) | | Putting 'REM $DYNAMIC' at the beginning of a program does NOT | | carry over to subs so put it in each SUB or FUNCTION. Using a | | variable for the array dimensions [ ex. dim a(x) instead of | | dim a(400) ] will also force the array to be dynamically | | allocated. | ================================================================= =========================================================================== Attributes Color: Attributes: Color 2,0 Attr% = 2 Normal Color 15,0 Attr% = &hF Bright Color 0,2 Attr% = &h20 Reverse | |__background ||_____Forground Color |_______foreground |_________Background Color =========================================================================== W30.DEC This is an include file which contains all the DECLARE statement needed. Most of these include BYVAL declarations, allowing numbers to be expressed in just about any form and automatically converted to integers. It also contains two executable statements: COMMON SHARED RR AS INTEGER, CC AS INTEGER InitW RR, CC Since Lokate and Prnt need the addresses of RR and CC, these are declared as global variables, then passed via InitW. The statement REM $INCLUDE:'W30.DEC' should be included in every module of a program. COMMON SHARED statements must precede the $INCLUDE statement, and other executable statements may not precede it. =========================================================================== Files included: MakeLib.bat creates the .QLB and .LIB files from object files This is already done, included in case you want to link other object files to W30.obj W30Demo.bat runs the demo program QB4.bat invokes QuickBasic with the window library W30.bas demo. W30.DEC An include file containing declare statements, and two program statements to initialize QB4windows. W30.doc documentation W30.lib & W30.QLB library files containing the windows program. Q30.obj object file. W30.VPT a color definition file used by W30.BAS =========================================================================== LOCK UPS If your computer locks up or loses data, check the following: Saved to an array that was too small. Passed the wrong segment. Used a static array. Did not include W30.DEC Did not pass a value BYVAL and as an integer. The DECLARE statements will convert any kind of number to an integer, pass it as a value, and check for the correct number of arguments. For example, Call OpenW(b,&h70,varseg(x(1)),a%,b!,c, 79.64) works even though the numbers are not all integers. Remember, it is up to YOU to protect valuable data and programs. =========================================================================== Segments To provide memory to store the data under a window, dimension a numeric array. The segment of that array is passed to OpenW and SaveW and the data under the window is copied to the memory reserved for the array. Each character on the screen takes 2 bytes (1 for text, 1 for attribute). The maximum required for an 80 x 25 display is 4000 bytes. Redim a!(1000) or a%(2000) will provide 4000 bytes. To be exact, lines = BR - TR + 1 Cols = RC - LC + 1 redim a%( lines * cols ) =========================================================================== TR, LC,BR,RC RR,CC TopRow and LeftColumn define the top left corner of a window, BottomRow and RightColumn define the bottom right corner. When a call is made using window coordinates, W30 first checks these arguments. If TR or BR are less than the top of the screen as defined by SetViewW, they are increased. If larger than allowed by SetViewW or by the size of the current display mode, they are decreased. Same for Columns. Then if BR is less than TR, they are swapped. If the row for Printt or Lokate is above the top line of the window it is moved to the top line. If column is less than the left column it is moved over to the first column If the column is greater than the right column, RR and CC are moved to the start of the next line. If RR is greater than the last line, the window is scrolled up a line and RR and CC are set to the beginning of the last line. Examples: Lokate 0,0:PrntW a$ ;prints at the top left of the window Lokate 26,1:Prnt a$ ;Scroll, print at 25,1 ============================================================================== Basic stores it's cursor coordinates for the row & column at DGroup:17C2 and Dgroup:17C3 (1 byte each). Poking RR and CC here makes it print at RR,CC but doesn't affect the location of INPUT statements. If you know it is all right to change these values or know more about this, please write. ==============================================================================