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October 10, 1991 RPSORT Examples Page i Table of Contents ----------------- Suggestion On How To Use This Document 1 General Rules For Entry Of Parameters And Description Of Parameter Types 1 Cautionary Note On Specifying The Output File To RPSORT 1 Examples That Could Be Executed By The DOS SORT 2 1. RPSORT As A Filter 2 2. Sending Output To The Screen 2 3. Specifying A Sort Key 2 4. Reverse (Descending) Sort 2 5. Using Pipes With RPSORT. 2 Examples Of General Interest 3-8 6. Using RPSORT Not As A Filter 3 7. Fixed Length Records 3 8. Multiple Input Files 3 9. ASCII (Case Sensitive) Sort 3 10. Reverse (Descending) Sort 3 11. Reverse ASCII Sort 4 12. Specifying Key Length 4 13. Specifying Key Length But No Start Column 4 14. Multiple Sort Keys 4 15. Another Example Of Multiple Sort Keys 4 16. Sort DIR Listing With Multiple Sort Keys 5 17. Make ASCII Sequence The Default 5 18. Make Reversed (Descending) Sort The Default 5 19. Make Both ASCII And Reversed The Default 6 20. Delete Null Lines 6 21. Delete Lines/Records With Duplicate Keys 6 22. Delete Lines/Records If They Are Completely Identical 6 23. Specify Drive For Temporary Files 6 24. Ignore Ctrl-Z And Use The Entire File 7 25. Suppress Copyright And Successful Completion Messages 7 26. Put Error Messages In A File 7 27. Suppress Copyright Message And Put Error Messages In A File 7 28. Tell RPSORT To Ignore Any Ctrl-Break From The Keyboard 7 29. Expanding Tabs In A File 8 Examples Of Special Interest To Computer Programmers 9-11 30. C Language String As Sort Key 9 31. Mixing C Language Strings And Regular Strings 9 32. Turbo Pascal String As Sort Key 9 33. Mixing Turbo Pascal Strings And Regular Strings 9 34. Make C Language Strings The Default 10 35. Make Turbo Pascal Strings The Default 10 36. Signed Binary Integer As Sort Key 10 37. Turbo Pascal String And Signed Binary Integer 10 38. Unsigned Binary Integer As Sort Key 11 39. 80x87 Floating Point Number As Sort Key 11 40. BASICA & GWBASIC Floating Point Number As Sort Key 11 41. Turbo Pascal Real Number As Sort Key 11 List Of Various Compiler And Interpreter Numeric Data Types 12 October 10, 1991 RPSORT Examples Page 1 Usage: RPSORT [/Q] [/Eerrfile] [/]? [inputfile[+inputfile]] [outputfile] [/A] [/B] [/C] [/D] [/Fnnnn] [/N] [/P] [/R] [/Td] [/Z] [sort key defin. . .] Sort key defin syntax: /+ [col] [:len] [A] [C] [F] [I] [M] [P] [R] [T] [U] Suggestion On How To Use This Document In this document, I start with the simplest examples and build up to examples that include several parameters. Eventually every type of parameter that RPSORT supports appears at least once. Many parameters are only described once or twice when they first appear in examples. When they are used in later examples they may not be described. Therefore, I suggest that the best idea would be to scan the examples in order rather than skipping around to topics of interest. General Rules For Entry Of Parameters And Description Of Parameter Types . All parameters may be entered in upper or lower case as you choose. As far as RPSORT is concerned, there is no difference. . The parameters may be entered in any sequence except as noted in the discussion of some RPSORT examples. . In the commands below, I separate the parameters with spaces for clarity. RPSORT generally accepts spaces between parameters but does not require them except as noted in the discussion of some RPSORT examples. . The syntax for RPSORT is simpler than the forbidding usage specification, at the top, might suggest. There are three kinds of parameters: .. Filespecs. For the input to RPSORT you can have either a single filespec or a list of filespecs separated by plus signs. For the output only a single filespec is allowed. .. Switches. These are a slash followed by a letter indicating the type of switch. Some switches also include a number, filespec or drive. .. Sort key definitions. These are a slash followed by a plus sign ("/+") and one or more attributes which define a sort key. Cautionary Note On Specifying The Output File To RPSORT . If you enter an output filespec, whose path and filename are the same as that for an existing file, the latter will be replaced by the output from RPSORT. If this is what you want, fine, but if you don't want to lose the existing file then use a different name for the output. October 10, 1991 RPSORT Examples Page 2 Usage: RPSORT [/Q] [/Eerrfile] [/]? [inputfile[+inputfile]] [outputfile] [/A] [/B] [/C] [/D] [/Fnnnn] [/N] [/P] [/R] [/Td] [/Z] [sort key defin. . .] Sort key defin syntax: /+ [col] [:len] [A] [C] [F] [I] [M] [P] [R] [T] [U] Examples That Could Be Executed By The DOS SORT The first five examples are commands that could be executed by DOS SORT but RPSORT does them much faster and can do them for much larger files. 1. RPSORT is here used as a filter which is the only option for the DOS SORT. No sort key is defined, so the sort key is the entire line. The default for RPSORT and the only option for the DOS SORT is that: . The input is a text file consisting of lines each ending with a CRLF (i.e. a carriage return and a line feed.) . The sort key is case insensitive. Lower case letters sort equal to upper case letters and foreign letters, punctuation and currency symbols sort equal to their American English equivalents. RPSORT <MYINPUT.DAT >C:\MYSORTED.DAT 2. In this case, no output file is specified so output goes to the screen. You must specify an input file for RPSORT. Unlike the DOS SORT, it doesn't accept input data from the keyboard. RPSORT <MYINPUT.DAT 3. The "/+12" sort key definition says that the sort key starts at column 12 and consists of the rest of the line. One sort key is listed which is all that the DOS SORT allows. RPSORT /+12 <D:\MYDIR\INPUT.TXT >D:\OTHERDIR\SORTED.DAT 4. The /R switch tells RPSORT to do a reverse (descending) sort. The sort key starts at column 23. RPSORT /R /+23 <DATA.TXT >SORT.TXT 5. This sorts a DIR listing by the file extension (extension is at column 10) and lists one page at a time. The output of the DIR command is piped to RPSORT whose output is then piped to the MORE command. The listing might include two strange file names. These are temp files created by DOS to hold data being piped. DIR C:\*.* | RPSORT /+10 | MORE October 10, 1991 RPSORT Examples Page 3 Usage: RPSORT [/Q] [/Eerrfile] [/]? [inputfile[+inputfile]] [outputfile] [/A] [/B] [/C] [/D] [/Fnnnn] [/N] [/P] [/R] [/Td] [/Z] [sort key defin. . .] Sort key defin syntax: /+ [col] [:len] [A] [C] [F] [I] [M] [P] [R] [T] [U] Examples Of General Interest 6. RPSORT does not have to be used as filter. The files maybe specified without redirection. Filespecs may include a path. You must enter the input filespec first and the output filespec second. Here, the sort key starts at column 4 and consists of the rest of the line. RPSORT /+4 MYINPUT.TXT D:\DATADIR\SORTOP.DAT 7. RPSORT can sort fixed length records. The /F75 switch says that the input consists of records each 75 bytes long. It is not required that the records end with a CRLF but if they do, the record length given by the /F switch must include the two bytes for the CRLF. The sort key starts at column 13 and consists of the rest of the record. RPSORT /F75 /+13 B:INPUT.DAT SORTED.DAT 8. For the input, you can list muliple filespecs separated by plus signs. No spaces are allowed between the input filespecs only plus signs. RPSORT combines the input files and sorts them as one. The combined sorted output is then written to the single output file. Wildcard characters are allowed in input filespecs and all files with matching names will be included. RPSORT INPUT1*.DAT+C:\MYDIR\INPUT2.DAT+INPUT?3.DAT OUTPUT.DAT 9. Here, the sort key starts at column 7 of the 90 byte record. This is an ASCII (case sensitive) sort as indicated by the A in the sort key definition. The sequence is per the ASCII value assigned to each character. This puts the digits 0 through 9 before any letters and puts all of the upper case letters before any of the lower case letters. RPSORT /F90 /+7A MY??INFO.DAT SORT.DAT 10. The sort key starts at column 11 of the line. It will be sorted in the descending case insensitive sequence as indicated by the R in the sort key definition. This is also called a reverse sort. RPSORT /+11R MYIP.DAT B:MYSORT.DAT October 10, 1991 RPSORT Examples Page 4 Usage: RPSORT [/Q] [/Eerrfile] [/]? [inputfile[+inputfile]] [outputfile] [/A] [/B] [/C] [/D] [/Fnnnn] [/N] [/P] [/R] [/Td] [/Z] [sort key defin. . .] Sort key defin syntax: /+ [col] [:len] [A] [C] [F] [I] [M] [P] [R] [T] [U] Examples Of General Interest (continued) 11. The sort key starts at column 6 of the 60 byte record. It will be sorted in the descending ASCII (case sensitive) sequence as indicated by the A and R attributes in the sort key definition. RPSORT /F60 /+6AR IP*.D?T OP.DAT 12. Here, an ASCII sort key starts at position 11 of the line and is 7 characters long. A colon followed by a number, in a sort key definition, represents the length of the sort key. RPSORT /+11:7A B:DATA*.DOC SORTDATA.DOC 13. The case insensitive sort key starts at column 1, by default, because the starting column is not given in the sort key definition. The key is 9 bytes long. RPSORT /F80 /+:9 INPUT.DAT OUTPUT.DAT 14. You can list as many sort keys definitions, as you like, provided they fit within the command line (maximum of 127 bytes). The first sort key is 6 bytes starting at column 13, the second is an 8 byte ASCII key at column 1 and the third a 4 byte key at column 19. A sort involves comparing two lines at a time in order to sequence them correctly. RPSORT compares two lines by comparing the sort keys in the same order as their listing in the command line. The first unequal compare, if any, determines the sequence of the two lines. If all the sort keys are equal then the lines are sequenced per their positions in the input file. RPSORT /+13:6 /+:8A /+19:4 DATA1.TXT+DATA2.TXT SORT.TXT 15. Another example of multiple sort keys this time for a fixed length record. The first sort key uses the descending ASCII sequence, the second uses the case insensitive sequence and the third uses the descending case insensitive sequence. RPSORT /F50 /+15:3AR /+4:7 /+21:9R INPUT.DAT SORTEDIP.DAT October 10, 1991 RPSORT Examples Page 5 Usage: RPSORT [/Q] [/Eerrfile] [/]? [inputfile[+inputfile]] [outputfile] [/A] [/B] [/C] [/D] [/Fnnnn] [/N] [/P] [/R] [/Td] [/Z] [sort key defin. . .] Sort key defin syntax: /+ [col] [:len] [A] [C] [F] [I] [M] [P] [R] [T] [U] Examples Of General Interest (continued) 16. Here RPSORT is used as a filter with the input coming from a DIR command and the sorted output going to a MORE command which displays the output one screen at a time. The effect of the sort keys is to sort the directory entries by creation date (first by year then by month and day) and by file name and extension within creation date. DIR D:\*.* | RPSORT /+30:2 /+24:5 /+:12 | MORE The listing might contain two strange file names. These are temporary files created by DOS to hold the data being piped. If you have DOS 5.0 you don't need a sort utility to produce a sorted directory listing. Instead you can use the new "/O" switch. The following command achieves a similar effect as the previous one except that it sorts on both the creation date and time: DIR D:\*.* /P /ODNE 17. The /A switch tells RPSORT that both sort keys, in the example, are to be sorted according to the ASCII sequence. The first key uses the regular ASCII sequence while the second sort key uses the descending ASCII sequence as indicated by the R attribute. If you specify /A, there is no way to change it for an individual sort key. If you want some sort keys to be ASCII and some to be case insensitive, don't use /A but instead specify A in the appropriate sort key definitions. RPSORT /F120 /A /+19:4 /+3:9R MYDATA.DAT SORTDATA.DAT 18. The /R switch tell RPSORT to do a descending (reverse) sort for all the sort keys. The first key uses the descending ASCII sequence, as indicated by the A attribute, while the second sort key uses the descending case insensitive sequence. If you specify /R, there is no way to change it for an individual sort key. If you want some sort keys to be descending and some not, don't use /R but instead specify R for the appropriate sort key. RPSORT /R /+12:8A /+:11 IP.TXT OP.TXT October 10, 1991 RPSORT Examples Page 6 Usage: RPSORT [/Q] [/Eerrfile] [/]? [inputfile[+inputfile]] [outputfile] [/A] [/B] [/C] [/D] [/Fnnnn] [/N] [/P] [/R] [/Td] [/Z] [sort key defin. . .] Sort key defin syntax: /+ [col] [:len] [A] [C] [F] [I] [M] [P] [R] [T] [U] Examples Of General Interest (continued) 19. Here both /A and /R are specified. This means that all three sort keys will use the descending ASCII sequence. RPSORT /F90 /A /R /+1:7 /+11:5 /+8:3 DAT1.DAT SORT.DAT 20. The /N switch tells RPSORT to delete all null lines from the sorted output file. A null line contains only CRLF (a carriage return and a line feed) and nothing else. Lines that are all spaces and thus look like null lines when you list them will NOT be deleted. RPSORT /N /+3:9 /+1:2A INPUT.DOC SORTED.DOC 21. The /D switch tells RPSORT to delete from the sorted output all records whose sort keys duplicate those in a previous record. This will delete records that are not identical to a previous record because all that is required is that the sort keys be the same. RPSORT /F100 /D /+14:7 /+4:10R DATA.DAT SORTED.DAT 22. If you want to delete lines/records only if they are identical to a previous line/record, tack on /+A as the final sort key. Since this uses the entire line as an ASCII key, it means that the only time all keys will be equal is when the lines are identical. RPSORT /D /+14:7 /+4:10R /+A DATA.TXT SORTED.TXT 23. The /T switch tells RPSORT where to put any temporary files, it may require. In this case, /TC says to put them on the C drive. If the input file is small enough to fit into the available memory, it is sorted in one pass and temporary files are not required. Else, RPSORT reads and sorts the file a chunk at a time and writes the sorted chunks to a temporary file. Then RPSORT does one or more merge phases to combine the chunks into a single sorted output file. If the /T switch is not specified, RPSORT puts any temporary files on the default drive. RPSORT /TC /+9:12A /+23:11R BIGINPUT.DAT BIGSORT.DAT October 10, 1991 RPSORT Examples Page 7 Usage: RPSORT [/Q] [/Eerrfile] [/]? [inputfile[+inputfile]] [outputfile] [/A] [/B] [/C] [/D] [/Fnnnn] [/N] [/P] [/R] [/Td] [/Z] [sort key defin. . .] Sort key defin syntax: /+ [col] [:len] [A] [C] [F] [I] [M] [P] [R] [T] [U] Examples Of General Interest (continued) 24. The /Z switch tells RPSORT to ignore any Ctrl-Zs in a text file and to use the entire file. Normally RPSORT, like DOS, stops reading when it finds a Ctrl-Z in an input file. This is usually O.K. since the Ctrl-Z, if present, normally follows the last byte of actual data. However, if Ctrl-Zs appear in the middle of a text file then you must use /Z to get RPSORT to sort the entire file. RPSORT /Z /A /+1:5R /+11:3 DOWNLOAD.DAT SORTED.DAT 25. The /Q switch suppresses the display of the copyright message at the beginning and the successful completion message at the end. Error messages, if any, will still be displayed. This switch must be the first parameter on the command line. RPSORT /Q /F40 /+12:3A /17:4R INPUT.DAT OUTPUT.DAT 26. The /E switch, in this example, tells RPSORT to create the file MYERRORS.TXT and to direct any error or successful completion messages to that file. Except for the /Q switch, no other parameter should precede this switch in the command line. Since the /Q switch was not specified in this example, the copyright message will still appear on the screen. Any error or successful completion messages, if appropriate, will be sent to MYERRORS.TXT. RPSORT /EMYERRORS.TXT /2:9AR DATA.TXT SORTED.TXT 27. This example suppresses copyright and successful completion messages and sends any error messages to the file SORTERR.DAT. RPSORT /Q /ESORTERR.DAT /2:9AR DATA.TXT SORTED.TXT 28. Normally, RPSORT responds promptly to a Ctrl-Break from the keyboard and lets you terminate the sort. The /B switch, however, tells RPSORT to ignore Ctrl-Break and to continue with the sort until it is done. RPSORT /B /4:13R IP.DAT OP.DAT October 10, 1991 RPSORT Examples Page 8 Usage: RPSORT [/Q] [/Eerrfile] [/]? [inputfile[+inputfile]] [outputfile] [/A] [/B] [/C] [/D] [/Fnnnn] [/N] [/P] [/R] [/Td] [/Z] [sort key defin. . .] Sort key defin syntax: /+ [col] [:len] [A] [C] [F] [I] [M] [P] [R] [T] [U] Examples Of General Interest (continued) 29. If the input file contains tabs, they may need to be expanded to the proper number of spaces to properly align your sort keys. RPSORT can't sort such a file correctly because it doesn't expand tabs. As a convenience, I have included a program called RPTAB. It reads your file and produces an output file that is the same except that the tabs have been expanded. The syntax is: RPTAB input-filespec output-filespec [tabstop...] The parameters must be given in the order defined above. Listing tab stops is optional. If you specify none, the default tab stops are at positions 1, 9, 17, 25, 33... and so on at intervals of eight columns. If you specify tab stops they must be a sequence of integers each greater than the preceding one. The first tab stop is always column 1 and need not be given. The interval between the last two explicit tab stops implies subsequent tab stops at equal intervals. The following command expands tabs to the default tab stops: RPTAB MYTABS.DAT MYSPACES.DAT The following command: RPTAB MYTABS.DAT MYSPACES.DAT 6 15 27 says that tab stops are at positions 1, 6, 15, 27, 39, 51... etc. The interval of 12 between 15 and 27 is propagated to subsequent tab stops. After creating MYSPACES.DAT as in the above examples, you could then use RPSORT to sort it in the usual way. You can also use RPTAB for the reverse operation. This means to replace spaces by tabs whenever possible. The syntax is: RPTAB /T input-filespec output-filespec [tabstop...] The syntax is identical except for the addition of the /T switch. If you have a text file with a lot of spaces, RPTAB can reduce its size while leaving it readable by many text processing utilities. October 10, 1991 RPSORT Examples Page 9 Usage: RPSORT [/Q] [/Eerrfile] [/]? [inputfile[+inputfile]] [outputfile] [/A] [/B] [/C] [/D] [/Fnnnn] [/N] [/P] [/R] [/Td] [/Z] [sort key defin. . .] Sort key defin syntax: /+ [col] [:len] [A] [C] [F] [I] [M] [P] [R] [T] [U] RPSORT Examples Of Special Interest To Computer Programmers 30. The attribute C in a sort key definition says that the key is a C language string. This means that a binary zero, if present, terminates the string. Specify a key length equal to the maximum length for the string. For example, if you define "char mystr[7]" in your C program then you should specify a key length of 7 to RPSORT. In this example, the first sort key is a C style string at column 1 whose maximum length is 7. The second key is a C style string at column 25 with maximum length 5. RPSORT /F95 /+:7ACR /+25:5C CSTRING.DAT SORTCSTR.DAT 31. RPSORT allows some of your sortkeys to be C style strings and some to be regular character strings as in this example. RPSORT /F80 /+13:12C /+5:5 DATA.DAT SORT.DAT 32. The attribute P in a sort key definition says that the key is a Turbo Pascal string. This means that the first byte of the key is a binary integer representing the length of the actual string. You should specify a key length equal to one plus the maximum possible length for the string. For example, if you define "string[9] in your Pascal program then you should specify a key length of 10 to RPSORT. The one extra allows for the length byte. Pascal strings are only allowed as sort keys in fixed length records. In this example, the first sort key is a Pascal style string at column 3 whose maximum length is 9 (one less than the length of the key. It is to be sorted per the descending ASCII sequence. The second key is a Pascal style string at column 12 with a maximum length of 8. It is to be sorted per the case insensitive sequence. RPSORT /F70 /+3:10APR /+12:9P PSTRING.DAT SORTPSTR.DAT 33. RPSORT allows some of your sortkeys be Pascal style strings and some to be regular character strings as in this example. RPSORT /F60 /+9:10 /+1:8P PASCAL.DAT SORT.DAT October 10, 1991 RPSORT Examples Page 10 Usage: RPSORT [/Q] [/Eerrfile] [/]? [inputfile[+inputfile]] [outputfile] [/A] [/B] [/C] [/D] [/Fnnnn] [/N] [/P] [/R] [/Td] [/Z] [sort key defin. . .] Sort key defin syntax: /+ [col] [:len] [A] [C] [F] [I] [M] [P] [R] [T] [U] RPSORT Examples Of Special Interest To Computer Programmers (continued) 34. The /C switch tells RPSORT that all your character string sort keys are to be treated as C style strings. If you specify /C, you can't over-ride it for an individual sort key. If you want some string keys to be C style strings and some not, don't use /C. Instead, specify C in the appropriate sort key definitions. RPSORT /F67 /C /+3:9A /+23:7 DATA.DAT SORT.DAT 35. The /P switch tells RPSORT that all your character string sort keys are to be treated as Pascal style strings. If you specify /P, you can't over-ride it for an individual sort key. If you want some string keys to be Pascal strings and some not, don't use /P but instead specify P in the appropriate sort key definitions. Note that /C and /P are mutually exclusive. RPSORT /F98 /P /+23:11 /+12:67A DATA.DAT SORT.DAT The remaining examples include sort keys which are binary numbers of some type. The table on page 12 lists the appropriate type and length attributes for the binary number formats defined in several popular compilers and interpreters. Binary number sort keys are only allowed in fixed length records. 36. The I attribute tells RPSORT that the first sort key, in this example, is a signed binary integer. RPSORT supports binary integers of any length. In this case the length of 8 would be appropriate for number of the "comp" type in Turbo Pascal. RPSORT /F112 /+12:8I /+1:9P INTEGER.DAT SORTINT.DAT 37. This example produces the exact same result as the previous one. Note that instead of using the P attribute in the second sort key definition, I used the /P switch. The important point is that while the /P switch would apply to all character string keys it does not apply to the first sort key because that is defined as a binary number sort key. RPSORT /F112 /P /+12:8I /+1:9 INTEGER.DAT SORTINT.DAT October 10, 1991 RPSORT Examples Page 11 Usage: RPSORT [/Q] [/Eerrfile] [/]? [inputfile[+inputfile]] [outputfile] [/A] [/B] [/C] [/D] [/Fnnnn] [/N] [/P] [/R] [/Td] [/Z] [sort key defin. . .] Sort key defin syntax: /+ [col] [:len] [A] [C] [F] [I] [M] [P] [R] [T] [U] RPSORT Examples Of Special Interest To Computer Programmers (continued) 38. The U attribute tells RPSORT that the second sort key is an unsigned binary integer of length 2. RPSORT supports binary integers of any length. In this case the length of 2 would be appropriate for an "unsigned int" in Turbo C. RPSORT /F97 /+2:11C /+12:2U UNSIGNED.DAT SORT.DAT 39. The F attribute tells RPSORT that the first sort key, in this example, is an 80x87 floating point number. RPSORT supports three different precisions for these numbers. The table below gives the lengths for each precision and the names assigned to them by Intel and by three popular compilers. Length Intel QuickBasic Turbo Pascal Turbo C ------ ---------- ---------- ------------ ------- 4 short real single single float 8 long real double double double 10 temp real N/A extended long double In this example the length of 8 would be appropriate for a sort key of type double in any of the three compilers listed above. RPSORT /F125 /+:8F /+13:4 FLOAT.DAT SORT.DAT 40. The M attribute tells RPSORT that the second sort key is a floating point number of the type supported by BASICA, GWBASIC and older versions of QuickBASIC (v3.0 and earlier). RPSORT supports the 4 byte single precision and the 8 byte double precision formats. RPSORT /F92 /+13:8C /+2:4M BASICA.DAT SORT.DAT 41. The T attribute tells RPSORT that the first sort key is a Turbo Pascal type "real" number. This was the only floating point type in Turbo Pascal versions 1.0 through 3.0. It is still supported in version 6.0 but Turbo Pascal has now added the 80x87 floating point types (see example 39 above and the table on page 12). I did not specify any length attribute because the length for this type is always 6. If you do specify a length, it must be 6. RPSORT /F87 /+10T /+3:7P PASCAL.DAT SORT.DAT October 10, 1991 RPSORT Examples Page 12 The following table lists the type and length attributes for the binary numeric types available in a few programming language compilers and interpreters. Compiler Or Interpreter Number Type Type Attribute Length Attribute ----------------------- ----------- -------------- ---------------- Microsoft QuickBASIC Integer I 2 v4.0 and later & Long I 4 Microsoft QBASIC Single F 4 Double F 8 Microsoft QuickBASIC Integer I 2 v3.0, 8087 Single F 4 Double F 8 IBM BASICA & Integer I 2 Microsoft GWBASIC & Single M 4 Microsoft QuickBASIC Double M 8 v1.0, v2.0 and v3.0 non-8087 Turbo Pascal Shortint I 1 v4.0 and later Integer I 2 Longint I 4 Byte U 1 Word U 2 Real T 6 Single F 4 Double F 8 Extended F 10 Comp I 8 Turbo Pascal Integer I 2 v3.0 8087 Byte U 1 Real F 8 Turbo Pascal Integer I 2 v1.0, v2.0 and v3.0 non-8087 Byte U 1 Real T 6 Borland/Turbo C signed char I 1 unsigned int U 2 short int I 2 int I 2 unsigned long U 4 long I 4 float F 4 double F 8 long double F 10