CD Actual 13

home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search

/ CD Actual 13 / CDA13.ISO / cdactual / demobin / share / program / Asm / 8048.ZIP / HELP.PRN < prev next >

Wrap

Text File | 1993-01-29 | 56.7 KB | 1,600 lines

ECopy and Use RestrictionsF The 8048 Assembler/Simulator/Programmer and this documentation are Copyright (c) 1990-1993 Michael McCarrick. This software is Shareware (not Freeware), if you continue to use it you must register it. To register simply send $50.00 to: 8048 Registration Attn. Michael McCarrick P.O. Box 264 Middleboro, MA 02346 Please include your name and address so I can record your registration properly. If $50.00 will place a considerable financial strain on you, then send the registration when you can. Although non-registered user will not receive the same support as registered users. Registration entitles you to future updates, up to but not including version 2.00. EDisclaimerF The 8048 Assembler/Simulator/Programmer software and this documentation are provided "AS IS", without warranty of any kind. By using this program (the 8048 Assembler/Simulator/Programmer software) you are assuming all liability for anything which might occur. What I mean is if anything happens to you, your computer, any possession of yours, or anything else, due to the use of this program, I am not liable. I have made every attempt to insure that this program operates properly. I have been using it for a number of years myself. Due to the complexity of any program of this size, a change made in one part of the program can and sometimes does inadvertently generate problems in other areas. Just be forewarned, save your work regularly (BACK UP your software). I also reserve the right to stop support and releasing updates of this software at any time. EContacting the AuthorF You can send any questions or report any problems to me at: Michael McCarrick P.O.Box 264 Middleboro, MA 02346 I can also be reached on CompuServe. My CIS number is: 70401,2671 I also operate a BBS and can be reached at: (508)946-9864, 14400-8-N-1 E8048 Assembler/SimulatorF The 8048 Assembler/Simulator development system is an integrated Editor, Assembler, Simulator and Programmer for the 8048 family of micro-controllers. The development of the 8048 program takes on the following steps: 1. Enter/Edit the 8048 source code into the text buffer via the Editor. 2. Assemble the source code by selecting Assemble from the main menu. 3. If any errors are reported by step 2 restart at step 1. 4. Simulate the 8048 program by stepping through the execution of each line of source code. 5. If logical errors are found in step 4 restart at step 1. The 8048 program contains the following modules: EFilesF: Load, Save, Save as, XMem file, Print, DOS Shell, Burn, Info and Quit. EEditF: Edit text buffer. EAssembleF: Assemble the source in text buffer. ESimulateF: Simulate source in text buffer. EProgramF: Program, Blank check, Verify and Read chip. EOptionsF: Specify various system settings. Each of these units are explained in greater detail in subsequent pages of this manual. EGetting HelpF You can receive help information from the 8048 program by pressing the F1 function key. This help screen is context sensitive. It will display information pertaining to the location of the program your at when the F1 key is pressed. You can also receive global help (display the on-line manual) by pressing the CTRL F1 key sequence. When this key sequence is pressed a help index will be displayed. From this index choose the help topic by highlighting it and pressing the ENTER key. You will be positioned into the on-line manual at the location you selected. Use the cursor control keys to scroll through the manual. EFilesF The File menu allows you to load, save and print files as well as exit the program. The commands available from the File menu are: ELoading a fileF To load a file (already on disk) into the text buffer perform the following steps: 1. Select ELoadF from the Files menu. You will be prompted to enter the file name. 2. Type the file name and press the ENTER key. If the extension is omitted then .ASM is assumed. 3. You can also select a file from a list by entering a file filter. i.e. type *.LST to display a list of files ending with .LST. You can use any DOS wild card characters to generate the list. If you press ENTER on a blank line then .ASM is assumed and files ending with .ASM will be displayed. Once the file list is displayed use the cursor keys to highlight the file you want to load and press the ENTER key. ESave a fileF To save a file in the text buffer perform the following steps: 1. Select ESaveF from the File menu. 2. If this is new text (not loaded from a file) then you will be prompted to enter a file name. 3. If the text already has a name then it will be saved under that name automatically. ESave a File Under a New NameF To save a file in the text buffer under a new file name perform the following steps: 1. Select ESaveF as from the File menu. 2. Enter the name of the file the text buffer is to be saved in. EExternal Memory BufferF The simulator allows you to execute commands which deal with external memory (MOVX A,@R1 and MOVX @R1,A). You can optionally load values into an internal buffer used to simulate the memory configuration depicted below: +----------+ +----------+ | BUS|-------------------|AD0-AD7 | | ALE|-------------------|ALE | | 8048 | +--------+ | 64k ROM | | P2|----|P2 | | | | PROG|----|PROG P4|-----|A8-A11 | +----------+ | P5|-----|A12-A15 | | 8243 | +----------+ +--------+ External Memory Configuration this buffer is read only and does not save values resulting from the MOVX @R1,A instruction. To load a hex file into this buffer perform the following steps: 1. Select EXMem fileF from the main File menu. 2. Enter the name of the file containing the data. This file must be in Intel Hex format. Like the load command pressing ENTER with no name specified will display a list of files with the .HEX extension. Once the file is selected the memory buffer will be allocated. If there is insufficient memory to allocate the buffer then an error will result and the data will not be loaded. Once the buffer has been allocated each time the MOVX A,@R1 instruction is executed in the simulator the values will be retrieved from this buffer. If the buffer is not allocated you will be prompted to enter a value each time the instruction is executed. EPrinting the Text BufferF The 8048 Assembler/Simulator allows you to print the text within the editor from within the program. Before you can use your printer with this program you must specify which port your printer is attached to. To specify the printer port select Options from the main menu, then Printer Port, and select which port (1, 2 or 3). Refer to the Options portion of this manual for more information on setting the printer port. To print the text in the text buffer select Print from the File menu. EDOS ShellF You can temporarily suspend the 8048 program and go to DOS by selecting EDOS ShellF from the File menu. To return to the 8048 program type EEXITF at the DOS prompt. EBurnF This command executes the DOS command BURN with the name of the currently loaded source file as a parameter. You can use this command to run a batch file which can execute any number of commands. I previously used this command to convert a hex file (corresponding to the current source file) to an object, and loaded software to program an 8748. You can use this command for any set of DOS commands you wish. EInfoF Displays the status of the text buffer. Information on the name of the current file, the size of the file, the size of the text buffer and the number of bytes in the buffer unused. EExiting the ProgramF You can exit (quit) the 8048 program by selecting EQuitF from the EFile Fmenu. You can also exit by pressing <ALT><X>. EEditorF You can edit the text in the text buffer by selecting EEditF from the main menu. The editor will also be invoked automatically after loading a file. The text buffer will be empty if you haven't load a file. The editor is a limited full screen editor. The editor does not provide word wrap and does not scroll horizontally (the cursor stops at the rightmost screen position). ESingle key commandsF The editor has the following single key commands: E<INSERT>F: Pressing the INSERT key toggles between insert and over type mode (notice the cursor change shape). In insert mode the character under the cursor will be pushed to the right and the character typed will be inserted at the cursor location. In over-type mode the character typed will replace the character under the cursor. E<DELETE>F: Pressing the DELETE key will remove the character under the cursor. All characters to the right will be moved one location to the left. E<HOME>F: Pressing the HOME key moves the cursor to the start of the current line. E<END>F: Pressing the END key will move the cursor to the END of the current line. E<PAGE UP>F: Pressing the PAGE UP key will display the previous page of text. If you are at the top of the text buffer then pressing PAGE UP will be ignored. E<PAGE DOWN>F: Pressing the PAGE DOWN key will display the next page of text. If you are at the bottom of the text buffer then pressing PAGE DOWN will be ignored. E<UP ARROW>F: Pressing the UP ARROW key moves the cursor up one line. E<DOWN ARROW>F: Pressing the DOWN ARROW key moves the cursor down one line. E<RIGHT ARROW>F: Pressing the RIGHT ARROW key moves the cursor one location to the right. If the cursor is at the end of a line then it will be positioned to the start of the next line. E<LEFT ARROW>F: Pressing the left arrow key moves the cursor one location to the left. If the cursor is at the start of a line then the cursor is moved to the end of the previous line. ECompound key commandsF The editor also has the following compound key commands: E<CTLR><PAGE UP>F: Pressing the CTRL and PAGE UP key sequence will move the cursor to the top of the text buffer. E<CTRL><PAGE DOWN>F: Pressing the CTRL and PAGE DOWN keys sequence will move the cursor to the bottom of the text buffer. E<CTRL><Q> <CTRL><F>F: Find string. This command prompts you for a string of characters. The cursor will be positioned just after the first occurrence of the specified search string. E<CTRL><L>F: Repeat last find. This command positions the cursor just after the next occurrence of the string specified by the last Find string command. EBlock command sequencesF The editor has the following block manipulation commands: E<CTRL><K> <CTRL><B>F: Mark start of block. This command places the start of block pointer at the current cursor location. E<CTRL><K> <CTRL><K>F: Mark the end of block. This command places the end of block pointer at the current cursor location. E<CTRL><K> <CTRL><Y>F: Delete block. This command deletes the currently marked block (all text from start of block to end of block). E<CTRL><K> <CTRL><W>F: Write block. This command writes the currently marked block to a file you specify. E<CTRL><K> <CTRL><R>F: Read block. This command copies the text from a file you specify to the text buffer starting at the current cursor location. E<CTRL><K> <CTRL><C>F: Copy block. This command copies the currently marked block of text to the current cursor location. EAssemblerF The source entered/loaded into the text buffer is assembled by selecting EAssembleF from the main menu. The number of errors found in the source will be displayed on the screen. If any errors are located pressing any key will position you into the editor at the location of the line containing the first error. NOTE: Some errors will generate additional errors, usually the first error is the actual offense. If you fix an error and are unable to see the problem with a subsequent error try re-assembling the source. Once an error is fixed pressing F8 will position you on the line with the next error. Pressing F7 will position you on the line containing the previous error. The F7 and F8 commands reflect the number of the offending line at assemble time. If you add a new line or delete an existing line the offending line no longer has the same line number as the one in the error list. For this reason if you add or delete lines containing errors re-assemble the source to re-generate an accurate error/line number list. If no errors are reported you can simulate the source. Refer to Appendix B - 8048 source format, for a description of the layout of an 8048 assembly language program. ESimulatorF The simulator allows you to step through your source code watching the registers, flags, ports and RAM memory change. You can step into, step over and execute to source lines. The simulator is entered by selecting ESimulateF from the main menu. The simulator screen has five windows: source, flags, registers, RAM memory and ports. The active window contains the cursor and is the source window when you first enter the simulator. The flag window contains the status of each of the processors flags. The flags are defined as follows: CY - Carry flag AC - Alternate carry flag BS - Register bank select F0 - user flag zero F1 - user flag one MB - Memory bank select T0 - Test pin zero T1 - Test pin one INT - Interrupt pin IE - External interrupt enable flag TOVF - Timer overflow flag TCIE - Timer counter interrupt enable flag TCE - Timer counter enable flag T0E - T0 clock output enable flag The Register window contains the values currently in the processors registers. The registers are defined as follows: AC - Accumulator R0-R7 - General purpose register set SP - Stack pointer PSW - Program status word (this register reflects the state of some flags) PC - Program counter TCNT - Timer counter The port window displays the values each of the processors ports (internal and external). Ports P1, P2 and BUS reflect the state on the processors external ports. P4, P5, P6 and P7 reflect the state of a single external 8243 I/O expander. The memory window reflects the values in the processors internal RAM. The number of RAM locations are dependent on the chip type specified in the options menu. You can move from one window to the next by pressing the TAB or SHIFT TAB keys. Pressing the TAB key moves from window to window in the clock wise direction. Pressing SHIFT TAB moves from window to window in the counter clock wise direction. The flags, registers, memory locations and ports can be modified by highlighting the item to be modified and pressing the ENTER key. A window will be open prompting you to enter the new value. Entering a blank line will set the item to zero. When a flag is selected its value is toggled (1 to 0 and 0 to 1). You can also modify flags, registers, RAM memory and ports from any window by typing the command. Start typing the command and a window will open into which you finish typing the command. The following are a list of the commands: FLAG flag i flag: is the name of the flag to modify. i: is the new state of the flag (0 or 1). REGISTER reg value reg: is the name of the register to be modified. value: is any value/equation between 0 and 255. RAM location value location: is a RAM location between 0 and 255. value: is any value/equation between 0 and 255. PORT Pp value Pp: is one of the ports displayed in the port window. value: is any value/equation between 0 and 255. Pressing F7 will cause the next instruction to be executed. If the instruction is a CALL then the simulator will step into the subroutine. Pressing F8 will cause the next instruction to be executed. If the instruction is a CALL then the simulator will execute all instructions below (within) the subroutine being called. You can break the program execution by pressing the ESC key. Once the ESC key is pressed the source line being executed will be displayed with the cursor on it. You can also specify an output radix for each register, port and memory location. To specify a radix other than its default perform the following steps: 1. Highlight the entry who's radix is to be changed. Notice the additional command F9-Radix displayed when the cursor is in the register, port or memory windows. 2. Press the F9 function key, this will open a window prompting you for the desired radix. 3. Select the radix Decimal, Hexidecimal, ASCII or Binary. Once you have changed the display radix for any of the entries they can be saved as the default. To save the new radix for each entry select Save configuration from the main Options menu. EProgramF This menu allows you to control the 8748 programmer connected to your printer port. Before using the programmer you must inform the software which printer port the programmer is attached to. To do this refer to the section Programmer port in the Options section of this manual. EProgramming an 8748/49F The Program command within the Program menu will program an 8748/49 in the programmers ZIF socket with the code generated from the currently loaded source file. To program an 8748/49 preform the following steps: 1. If the source code to program the 8748/49 with is not in the editor then load it via the EFile/LoadF command. 2. Select EProgram Ffrom the main menu. The Program menu will be displayed. 3. Select EProgram Ffrom the Program menu. 4. If the source code has already been assembled then proceed to the next step. If the source file has not been assembled or has been modified since the last assembly it will be assembled automatically. If errors are encountered you will be positioned into the editor with the cursor on the line containing the first error. Fix the problem and repeat starting at step 1, otherwise continue to the next step. 5. You will be prompted to insert the 8748/49 into the programmers ZIF socket. Insert the 8748/49 into the programmer and press any key. 6. The programmer will then check for an ALE signal from the chip to be programmed. If the ALE signal is not present then an error will be displayed and the program operation will be aborted. An absent ALE signal can be due to a miss socketed or a damaged chip. 7. If the ALE signal is present the programmer will start programming the chip. As each byte is programmed it is also verified by reading it back from the programmed chip. If the byte has been programmed properly then the next byte will be programmed. If the byte read back is not the same as the byte programmed then an error will be displayed indicating the address where the program process failed. This will continue until all the bytes of the assembled source code have been programmed into the chip. CAUTION: Once programming has begun do not remove the 8748/49 from the socket. If you want to abort the programming of the chip press the ESC key. You can then remove the chip. Also do not turn the programmer ON or OFF while an 8748/49 is in the socket. Doing so may damage the chip. EBlank checkF The Blank check command will verify that the 8748/49 in the programmers socket has been completely erased. This is accomplished by reading each byte within the chips EPROM and comparing it to zero. To blank check and 8748/49 perform the following steps: 1. Select EProgramF from the main menu. The Program menu will be displayed. 2. Select EBlank check Ffrom the program menu. You will be prompted to insert the 8748/49 into the programmers ZIF socket. 3. Insert the chip to be blank checked into the programmers ZIF socket and press any key. The chip will then be blank checked. If any memory locations are not blank then the address of the first none blank location will be displayed and the blank check process will be aborted. If the chip is blank then an error will not be displayed. CAUTION: Once the blank check has begun do not remove the 8748/49 from the socket. If you want to abort the blank check press the ESC key. You can then remove the chip. Also do not turn the programmer ON or OFF while an 8748/49 is in the socket. Doing so may damage the chip. EVerifyF The Verify command will compare the contents of the chip in the programmer to the contents of the code buffer (which contains the currently assembled source code). To verify that a chip contains the same code as what is currently in the code buffer perform the following steps: 1. Select EProgramF from the main menu. The Program menu will be displayed. 2. Select EVerifyF from the program menu. You will be prompted to insert the 8748/49 into the programmers ZIF socket. 3. Insert the chip to be verified into the programmers ZIF socket and press any key. The chip will then be verified against the current contents of the code buffer. If any memory locations are not the same then the address of the first error will be displayed and the verify process will be aborted. If the chip contains the same code as what is in the code buffer then an error will not be displayed. CAUTION: Once the verify process has begun do not remove the 8748/49 from the socket. If you want to abort the verify process press the ESC key. You can then remove the chip. Also do not turn the programmer ON or OFF while an 8748/49 is in the socket. Doing so may damage the chip. Each value programmed into the 8748/49 is verified as it is burned. If no errors are reported during the program sequence then the chip has been programmed properly. For this reason a separate verify pass is not normally necessary. ERead chipF Selecting Read chip from the Program menu loads the values programmed into the 8748/49 into the code buffer. This code buffer is written to a file called READ.HEX in Intel Hex format. To read the contents of an 8748/49 perform the following steps: 1. Select EProgramF from the main menu. The Program menu will be displayed. 2. Select ERead chipF from the program menu. You will be prompted to insert the 8748/49 into the programmers ZIF socket. 3. Insert the chip to be read into the programmers ZIF socket and press any key. The contents of the chip will then be read and written to the READ.HEX file. CAUTION: Once the read process has begun do not remove the 8748/49 from the socket. If you want to abort the read process press the ESC key. You can then remove the chip. Also do not turn the programmer ON or OFF while an 8748/49 is in the socket. Doing so may damage the chip. EOptionsF The options menu allows you to specify your system configuration. These options include: printer port, monitor type, which files are to be generated at assembly time, editor tab width, default simulator output radix, home (8048 program) directory, the target MPU type (8048, 8049 or 8050), the printer port the programmer is connected too, and allows you to save the new configuration as the default. EPrinter portF Before you can use the Print command you must specify which printer port to use when printing. To select a printer port perform the following steps: 1. Select EPrinter portF from the main Options menu. 2. Select 1, 2 or 3 for LPT1, LPT2 or LPT3 respectively. EMonitor typeF If you are using a monochrome monitor you will need to inform the program to display the screens for a monochrome monitor. To set the screens for a monochrome monitor perform the following steps: 1. Select EMonitorF from the main Options menu. 2. Select the monitor type EMonochromeF or EColorF. EFile generationF You can have various files generated during assembly of your source code. These files do not need to be generated to simulate the source code. Generating each of these files will slow down the assembly process. Each of the selections from the EFileF EgenerationF menu are: EGenerate list fileF: setting this option to YES will cause the assembler to generate a listing file of your source code. The list file contains line number, address, hex code and source code for each line of your source. The list file will have the same file name as the file loaded into the buffer with an .LST extension EGenerate symbol fileF: setting this option to YES will cause the assembler to generate a file containing the names and values of the symbols and labels contained in your source code. This file will have the same name as your source code with an .SYM extension. EGenerate instruction countF: setting this option to YES will cause the assembler to generate a file containing a list of 8048 instructions and the number of times each one was used in your source code. EGenerate hex fileF: setting this option to YES will cause the assembler to generate a file containing the assembled values of your source code. This file is written in Intel hex format. ETab widthF You can specify the tab width used in the editor by selecting ETabF EwidthF from the main Options menu. Then enter the number of spaces. The editor does not insert tab characters into the text buffer but inserts an appropriate number of blanks to fill to the next tab stop. ESimulator output radixF You can have the simulator display values in decimal, hexidecimal or ASCII. To select the output radix perform the following steps: 1. Select ESet output radixF from the main Options menu. 2. Select the output radix Decimal, Hexidecimal or ASCII. EHome directoryF You can run the this program from the same directory or a different directory than where the 8048.EXE program resides (home directory). If you run the program from a directory other than its home directory you must inform the program where to locate its support files (i.e. help files). This is not required but you will not be able to get on-line help if the program does not know where to locate the help files. To specify the home directory perform the following steps: 1. Select EHome directoryF from the main Options menu. A window will open prompting you for the home directory. 2. Enter the drive and path of the home directory. i.e. if the 8048.EXE file is located on drive C: and in the 8048 directory enter C:\8048 EChip typeF Setting the chip type allows you to specify the target CPU type. This is useful if the size of your program becomes greater than the memory available in the target processor. i.e. the 8748 only has 1024 bytes of program memory, if the ending address of your program is greater than 1023 then it will not fit in the 8748. Select the target chip type by performing the following steps: 1. Select EChip typeF from the main Options menu. 2. Select the target CPU 8748, 8749 or 8050. Selecting 8050 will require that your code be programmed into an external ROM and configured as required. This program can only program the 8748 and 8749. EProgrammer portF Before you can use the Programmer you must specify which printer port it is connected to. To select a printer port perform the following steps: 1. Select EProgrammer portF from the main Options menu. 2. Select 1, 2 or 3 for LPT1, LPT2 or LPT3 respectively. ESave configurationF You can save any of the changes you make in the EOptionsF menu as defaults. To do this select ESave configurationF from the main Options menu. This configuration file will be saved in the current directory. When this program is started the configuration file within the current directory will be loaded. This will allow you to have a different configuration for each project you are working on. EAppendix A - 8048 source formatF The assembler mnemonics, labels and symbols are not case sensitive. i.e. LOOP is the same as loop. Each line of the source code is segmented into the following parts: ELABELF: Each line of source can contain an optional label. Labels may contain letters, digits and an under score (_) character. The label must start with a alphabetic character and terminate with a colon ":". Labels can be a maximum of eight characters long. The first time a label is encountered its name along with the current value of the program counter is added to the label table. When the label is used as an operand the value of the program counter associated with that label is substituted. EOPCODEF: Opcodes can be either a 8048 mnemonic or an assembler directive. A list of mnemonics and their operands are given in appendix A. Appendix C contains a list of assembler directives. Opcodes must be separated from labels and operands by at least one blank. EOPERANDF: Operands are added after a mnemonic or directive to indicate what the operation is to be performed on. i.e. in the instruction: MOV R1,#10 the operands are R1 and #10. Multiple operands must be separated by a comma, as in the example just given. ECOMMENTF: Comments begin with a semicolon and instruct the assemble to ignore all text from the semicolon to the end of the line. ESYMBOLF: A symbol is a character string which represents a specific value. i.e. the source line CR EQU 13 instructs the assembler to equate the value 13 with the character sequence CR. Symbols must conform to the same requirements as labels (but they are terminated with a blank instead of a colon). EEQUATIONSF: The assembler has a built in equation evaluator. Opcodes requiring an immediate value or directives requiring a value can be constructed into an equation. i.e. in the following source line MOV A,#8*4 8 * 4 is the equation which will be evaluated. Equations can be comprised of numbers, labels, symbols, operators and parenthesized sub-equation. Numbers must start with a digit between 0 and 9. Binary, hexidecimal and decimal numbers can be specified by terminating with a B, H or D respectively. If the radix is not specified then decimal is assumed. i.e. 11110011b, 0F3h, 243d and 243 all represent the same value. Values for ASCII characters can be specified by surrounding the character with single quotes, i.e. 'a' will cause the ASCII value for the character to be substituted. Labels and symbols can be used if previously defined or equated to a value. Labels and symbols not defined in the prior to their use can be used in expressions if their value is not required on the first assembler pass. i.e. in the source lines DB 'hello',CR,LF CR EQU 13 LF EQU 10 the value of CR and LF are not needed on the first pass, their values can be substituted on the second pass. The only exception is the DS (Define Space) directive. An example of this is DS BUFSIZE BUFSIZE EQU 20 on the first pass the assembler must know how many bytes to allocate for the DS (Define Space) directive in order for it to continue determining address values for subsequent labels. For this reason labels and symbols used in the DS directive must be defined prior to their use. The available operators are listed below in order of president () parenthesized sub-equations ^ exponential * multiplication / division % modular + addition - subtraction +, - unary operations EAppendix B - Assembler DirectivesF The following is a list of directives supported by the 8048 Assembler: EORGF: Originate. Resets the program counter (at assembly time) to a specific value. i.e. the source line ORG 7 resets the program counter to the value 7. EEQUF: Equates a value with a character string (Symbol). i.e. the source line LF EQU 10 adds the symbol LF to the symbol table with the value 10. Each time LF is used as an operand the value 10 will be substituted. A symbol can be equated only once in the same source file. ESETF: Like EQU, SET sets a symbol to a specific value. A symbols value can be modified at more than one location in the source file by the SET command. EDBF: Define byte. This directive places a value or string of values at the current program counter location (one per memory location). i.e. NUM: DB 10 MSG: DB 'HELLO WORLD',13,10 are legal usage's of the DB directive. Each value (or values) will occupy one memory location. EDWF: Define word. This directive places a value or string of values at the current program counter location one per 2 bytes of memory. i.e. NUM: DW 10 MSG: DW 'HELLO WORLD',13,10 are legal usage's of the DW directive. Each value (or values) will occupy two memory locations (in LS MS order). EDSF: Define space. This directive will allocated a specified number of memory locations starting at the current program counter location. i.e. BUF: DS 10 will allocate 10 bytes of memory starting at the location associated with BUF. EPAGE rowsF: where rows is optional. If omitted the listing file is addvanced to the top of the next page. If specified this value indicates the number of lines per page in the listing file (e.g. PAGE 66). The default lines per page is 66. E%TITLE "title string": Fthis directive allows you to specify the title to be displayed in the listing file. You can change the title as often as you like. But since the title is displayed at the top of the first page the last defined title in your source file will be displayed. This is due to the fact that the title is displayed before any lines of the source file are processed for the second assembly pass. They have all been processed for the first pass. The quotes around the title string are required. Every character after the first quotation mark to the character just before the next quotation mark will be included in the title. E%SUBTTL "subtitle string": Fthis directive allows you to specify the subtitle to be displayed in the listing file. This subtitle is displayed starting will the second page and can be changed as often as you like. The last declared subtitle will be displayed in the title block of each page (except the first page). E%TOPMAR val: Fallows you to specify the number of lines in the top margin. This value must be greater than 4 and must be less than the page length minus the bottom margin (defined below). E%BOTMAR val: Fallows you to specify the number of lines in the bottom margin. This value must be greater than 0 and must be less than the page length minus the top margin (defined above). EENDF: Instructs the assembler to stop assembling the source file (ignore any text which follows the END directive). The END directive is not required, the assembler will stop assembling either when it reaches an END directive or the end of the text buffer. EAppendix C - 8048 Instruction SetF EInstruction Set SummaryF EMnemonicF EDescriptionF E Bytes CyclesF EAccumulatorF ADD A,R Add register to A 1 1 ADD A,@R Add data memory to A 1 1 ADD A,#data Add immediate to A 2 2 ADDC A,R Add register with carry 1 1 ADDC A,@R Add data memory with carry 1 1 ADDC A,#data Add data memory with carry 2 2 ANL A,R And register to A 1 1 ANL A,@R And data memory to A 1 1 ANL A,#data And immediate to A 2 2 ORL A,R ` Or register to A 1 1 ORL A,@R Or data memory to A 1 1 ORL A,#data Or immediate to A 2 2 XRL A,R XOR register to A 1 1 XRL A,@R XOR data memory to A 1 1 XRL A,#data XOR immediate to A 2 2 INC A Increment A 1 1 DEC A Decrement A 1 1 CLR A Clear A 1 1 CPL A Complement A 1 1 DA A Decimal adjust A 1 1 SWAP A Swap nibbles of A 1 1 RL A Rotate A left 1 1 RLC A Rotate A left through carry 1 1 RR A Rotate A right 1 1 RRC A Rotate A right through carry 1 1 EInput/OutputF IN A,P Input port to A 1 2 OUTL P,A Output A to port 1 2 ANL P,#data And immediate to port 2 2 ORL P,#data Or immediate to port 2 2 INS A,BUS Input BUS to A 1 2 OUTL BUS,A Output A to BUS 1 2 ANL BUS,#data And immediate to BUS 2 2 ORL BUS,#data Or immediate to BUS 2 2 MOVD A,P Input Expander port to BUS 1 2 MOVD P,A Output A to Expander port 1 2 ANLD P,A And A to Expander port 1 2 ORLD P,A Or A to Expander port 1 2 ERegistersF INC R Increment register 1 1 INC @R Increment data memory 1 1 DEC R Decrement register 1 1 EBranchF JMP addr Jump unconditional 2 2 JMPP @A Jump indirect 1 2 DJNZ R,addr Decrement register and jump 2 2 JC addr Jump on carry = 1 2 2 JNC addr Jump on carry = 0 2 2 JZ addr Jump on A Zero 2 2 JNZ addr Jump on A not Zero 2 2 JT0 addr Jump on T0 = 1 2 2 JNT0 addr Jump on T0 = 0 2 2 JT1 addr Jump on T1 = 1 2 2 JNT1 addr Jump on T1 = 0 2 2 JF0 addr Jump on F0 = 1 2 2 JF1 addr Jump on F1 = 1 2 2 JTF addr Jump on timer flag = 1 2 2 JNI addr Jump on INT = 0 2 2 JBb addr Jump on Accumulator Bit 2 2 ESubroutineF CALL addr Jump to subroutine 2 2 RET Return 1 2 RETR Return and restore status 1 2 EFlagsF CLR C Clear Carry 1 1 CPL C Complement Carry 1 1 CLR F0 Clear Flag 0 1 1 CPL F0 Complement Flag 0 1 1 CLR F1 Clear Flag 1 1 1 CPL F1 Complement Flag 1 1 1 EData MovesF MOV A,R Move register to A 1 1 MOV A,@R Move data memory to A 1 1 MOV A,#data Move immediate to A 2 2 MOV R,A Move A to register 1 1 MOV @R,A Move A to data memory 1 1 MOV R,#data Move immediate to register 2 2 MOV @R,#data Move immediate to data memory 1 1 MOV A,PSW Move PSW to A 1 1 MOV PSW,A Move A to PSW 1 1 XCH A,R Exchange A and register 1 1 XCH A,@R Exchange A and data memory 1 1 XCHD A,@R Exchange nibble of A and mem 1 1 MOVX A,@R Move external data memory to A 1 2 MOVX @R,A Move A to external data memory 1 2 MOVP A,@A Move to A from current page 1 2 MOVP3 A,@A Move to A from Page 3 1 2 ETimer/CounterF MOV A,T Read Timer/Counter 1 1 MOV T,A Load Timer/Counter 1 1 STRT T Start Timer 1 1 STRT CNT Start Counter 1 1 STOP TCNT Stop Timer/Counter 1 1 EN TCNTI Enable Timer/Counter Interrupt 1 1 DIS TCNTI Disable Timer Counter Int. 1 1 EControlF EN I Enable external Interrupt 1 1 DIS I Disable external Interrupt 1 1 SEL RB0 Select register bank 0 1 1 SEL RB1 Select register bank 1 1 1 SEL MB0 Select memory bank 0 1 1 SEL MB1 Select memory bank 1 1 1 ENT0 CLK Enable clock output on T0 1 1 NOP No Operation 1 1 ESymbols and Abbreviations UsedF A Accumulator AC Auxiliary Carry addr 12-Bit Program Memory Address Bb Bit Designator (b = 0 - 7) BS Bank Switch BUS BUS Port C Carry CLK Clock CNT Event Counter CRR Conversion Result Register D Mnemonic for 4-Bit Digit (Nibble) data 8-Bit Number or Expression DBF Memory Bank Flip-Flop F0, F1 Flag 0, Flag 1 I Interrupt P Mnemonic for "in-page" Operation PC Program Counter Pp Port Designator (p = 1, 2 or 4 - 7) PSW Program Status Word Ri Data memory Pointer (i = 0, or 1) Rr Register Designator (r = 0 - 7) SP Stack Pointer T Timer TF Timer Flag T0, T1 Test 0, Test 1 X Mnemonic for External RAM # Immediate Data Prefix @ Indirect Address Prefix $ Current Value of Program Counter (X) Contents of X ((X)) Contents of Location Addressed by X <- Is Replaced by 0-5** 0-5 in 8048AH/8748H 0-6 in 8049AH/8749H 0-7 in 8050AH EInstruction Set DefinitionsF ADD A,Rr Add Register Contents to Accumulator (A) <- (A) +(Rr) ADD A,@Ri Add Data Memory Contents to Accumulator (A) <- (A) + ((Ri)) ADD A,#data Add Immediate Data to Accumulator (A) <- (A) + data ADDC A,Rr Add Carry and Register Contents to Accumulator (A) <- (A) + (Rr) + (C) ADDC A,@Ri Add Carry and Data Memory Contents to Accumulator (A) <- (A) + ((Ri)) + (C) ADDC A,#data Add Carry and Immediate Data to Accumulator (A) <- (A) + data = (C) ANL A,Rr Logical AND Accumulator with Register Mask (A) <- (A) AND (Rr) ANL A,@Ri Logical AND Accumulator with memory Mask (A) <- (A) AND ((Ri)) ANL A,#data Logical AND Accumulator with Immediate Mask (A) <- (A) AND data ANL BUS,#data Logical AND BUS with Immediate Mask (BUS) <- (BUS) AND data ANL Pp,#data Logical AND Port 1-2 with Immediate Mask (Pp) <- (Pp) AND data ANLD Pp,A Logical AND Port 4-7 with Accumulator Mask (Pp) <- (Pp) AND (A0-3) CALL address Subroutine Call ((SP)) <- (PC), (PSW4-7) (SP) <- (SP) + 1 (PC8-10) <- (addr8-10) (PC0-7) <- (addr0-7) (PC11) <- DBF CLR A Clear Accumulator (A) <- 0 CLR C Clear Carry Bit (C) <- 0 CLR F1 Clear Flag 1 (F1) <- 0 CLR F0 Clear Flag 0 (F0) <- 0 CPL A Complement Accumulator (A) <- NOT(A) CPL C Complement Carry Bit (C) <- NOT(C) CPL F0 Complement Flag 0 (F0) <- NOT(F0) CPL F1 Complement Flag 1 (F1) <- NOT(F1) DA A Decimal Adjust Accumulator DEC A Decrement Accumulator (A) <- (A) - 1 DEC Rr Decrement Register (Rr) <- (Rr) - 1 DIS I Disable External Interrupt DIS TCNTI Disable Timer/Counter Interrupt DJNZ Rr,address Decrement Register and Test (Rr) <- (Rr) - 1 If (Rr) not 0 (PC0-7) <- address EN I Enable External Interrupt EN TCNTI Enable Timer/Counter Interrupt ENT0 CLK Enable Clock Output IN A,Pp Input Port or Data to Accumulator (A) <- (Pp) INC A Increment Accumulator (A) <- (A) + 1 INC Rr Increment Register (Rr) <- (Rr) + 1 INC @Ri Increment Data Memory Location ((Ri)) <- ((Ri)) + 1 INS A,BUS Strobed Input of BUS Data to Accumulator (A) <- (BUS) JBb address Jump If Accumulator Bit is Set If Bb = 1 (PC0-7) <- address If Bb = 0 (PC)=(PC)+2 JC address Jump If Carry Is Set If C = 1 (PC0-7) <- address If C = 0 (PC) = (PC) + 2 JF0 address Jump If Flag 0 Is Set If F0 = 1 (PC0-7) <- address If F0 = 0 (PC) = (PC) + 2 JF1 address Jump If Flag 1 Is Set If F1 = 1 (PC0-7) <- address If F1 = 0 (PC) = (PC) + 2 JMP address Direct Jump within 2K Block (PC8-10) <- address 8-10 (PC0-7) <- address 0-7 (PC11) <- DBF JMPP @A Indirect Jump within Page (PC0-7) <- ((A)) JNC address Jump If Carry Is Not Set If C = 0 (PC0-7) <- address If C = 1 (PC) = (PC) + 2 JNI address Jump If Interrupt Input Is Low If I = 0 (PC0-7) <- address If I = 1 (PC) = (PC) + 2 JNT0 address Jump If Test 0 Is Low If T0 = 0 (PC0-7) <- address If T0 = 1 (PC) = (PC) + 2 JNT1 address Jump If Test 1 Is Low If T1 = 0 (PC0-7) <- address If T1 = 1 (PC) = (PC) + 2 JNZ address Jump If Accumulator Is Not Zero If A <> 0 (PC0-7) <- address If A = 0 (PC) = (PC) + 2 JTF address Jump If Timer Flag Is Set If TF = 1 (PC0-7) <- address If TF = 0 (PC) = (PC) + 2 JT0 address Jump If Test 0 Is High If T0 = 1 (PC0-7) <- address If T0 = 0 (PC) = (PC) + 2 JT1 address Jump If Test 1 Is High If T1 = 1 (PC0-7) <- address If T1 = 0 (PC) = (PC) + 2 JZ address Jump If Accumulator Is Zero If A = 0 (PC0-7) <- address If A <> 0 (PC) = (PC) + 2 MOV A,#data Move Immediate Data to Accumulator (A) <- data MOV A,PSW Move PSW Contents to Accumulator (A) <- (PSW) MOV A,Rr Move Register Contents to Accumulator (A) <- (Rr) MOV A,@Ri Move Data Memory Contents to Accumulator (A) <- ((Ri)) ; i = 0-1 MOV A,T Move Timer/Counter Contents to Accumulator (A) <- (T) MOV PSW,A Move Accumulator Contents to PSW MOV Rr,A Move Accumulator Contents to Register (Rr) <- (A) MOV Rr,#data Move Immediate Data to Register (Rr) <- data MOV @Ri,A Move Accumulator Contents to Data Memory ((Ri)) <- (A) MOV @Ri,#data Move Immediate Data to Data Memory ((Ri)) <- data MOV T,A Move Accumulator Contents to Timer/Counter (T) <- (A) MOVD A,Pp Move Port 4-7 Data to Accumulator (A0-3) <- (Pp) (A4-7) <- 0 MOVD Pp,A Move Accumulator Data to Port 4-7 (Pp) <- (A0-3) MOVP A,@A Move Current Page Data to Accumulator (A) <- ((PC8-11+A)) MOVP3 A,@A Move Page 3 Data to Accumulator (A) <- ((300h+A)) MOVX A,@Ri Move External-Data-Memory Contents to Accumulator (A) <- ((Ri)) MOVX @Ri,A Move Accumulator Contents to External-Data-Memory ((Ri)) <- (A) NOP The NOP Instruction (No Operation) ORL A,Rr Logical OR Accumulator With Register Mask (A) <- (A) OR (Rr) ORL A,@Ri Logical OR Accumulator With Memory Mask (A) <- (A) OR ((Ri)) ORL A,#data Logical OR Accumulator With Immediate Mask (A) <- (A) OR data ORL BUS,#data Logical OR BUS With Immediate Mask (BUS) <- (BUS) OR data ORL Pp,#data Logical OR Port 1 or 2 With Immediate Mask (Pp) <- (Pp) OR data ORLD Pp,A Logical OR Port 4-7 With Accumulator Mask (Pp) <- (Pp) OR (A0-3) OUTL BUS,A Output Accumulator Data to BUS (BUS) <- (A) OUTL Pp,A Output Accumulator Data to Port 1 or 2 (Pp) <- (A) RET Return Without PSW Restore (SP) <- (SP)-1 (PC) <- ((SP)) RETR Return With PSW Restore (SP) <- (SP) - 1 (PC) <- ((SP)) (PSW4-7) <- ((SP)) RL A Rotate Left Without Carry (An+1) <- (An) (A0) <- (A7) RLC A Rotate Left Through Carry (An+1) <- (An) n=0-6 (A0) <- (C) (C) <- (A7) RR A Rotate Right Without Carry (An) <- (An+1) (A7) <- (A0) RRC A Rotate Right Through Carry (An) <- (An+1) (A7) <- (C) (C) <- (A0) SEL MB0 Select Memory Bank 0 (DBF) <- 0 SEL MB1 Select Memory Bank 1 (DBF) <- 1 SEL RB0 Select Register Bank 0 (BS) <- 0 SEL RB1 Select Register Bank 1 (BS) <- 1 STOP TCNT Stop Timer/Event-Counter STRT CNT Start Event-Counter STRT T Start Timer SWAP A Swap Nibbles Within Accumulator (A4-7) <-> (A0-3) XCH A,Rr Exchange Accumulator-Register Contents (A) <-> (Rr) XCH A,@Ri Exchange Accumulator and Data Memory Contents (A) <-> ((Ri)) XCHD A,@Ri Exchange Accumulator and Data Memory 4-Bit Data (A0-3) <-> ((Ri0-3)) XRL A,Rr Logical XOR Accumulator With Register Mask (A) <- (A) XOR (Rr) XRL A,@Ri Logical XOR Accumulator With Memory Mask (A) <- (A) XOR ((Ri)) XRL A,#data Logical XOR Accumulator With Immediate Mask (A) <- (A) XOR data